Eco Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic...
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1 THE WORLD BANK Eco 2 Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities Th W ld B k' N Ub D l t I iti ti The World Bank's New Urban Development Initiative www.worldbank.org/eco2 Hiroaki Suzuki ,Lead Urban Specialist Finance, Economics and Urban Department, the World Bank SOC 338/538 - Global Urban Poverty and Population, Catholic University, February 23, 2011 Urbanization Generate Both Economic Growth & Environmental Challenges New Urban Landscape Investment Shopping Mall Increasing Solid Waste Air Pollution & GHG Natural Disaster 2
Transcript of Eco Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic...
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THE WORLD BANK
Eco2 Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic CitiesTh W ld B k' N U b D l t I iti tiThe World Bank's New Urban Development Initiative
www.worldbank.org/eco2
Hiroaki Suzuki ,Lead Urban SpecialistFinance, Economics and Urban Department, the World Bank
SOC 338/538 - Global Urban Poverty and Population, Catholic University, February 23, 2011
Urbanization Generate Both Economic Growth & Environmental Challenges
New Urban Landscape InvestmentShopping Mall
Increasing Solid Waste Air Pollution & GHG Natural Disaster
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Unsustainable Growth
Projected new urban built up area in developing countries alone is 400,000 km² (2000 – 2030)
This equals the total urban built up area of the ‘entire world’ as of the year 2001 – we are building a ‘wholeworld as of the year 2001 we are building a whole new world!’
4 Earths (Ecological Footprint) required if developing country cities urbanize following the models of developed country cities
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Focus on Spatial & Urban Form which determine Cities’ Energy EfficiencyDecisions today are limited by decisions in the past
Source: Bertaud, A., and T. Pode, Jr., Density in Atlanta: Implications for Traffic and Transit(Los Angeles: Reason Foundation, 2007).
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EcoEco Eco
Eco2
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Eco or Eco or Eco 2 ?
H l i iti hi l i l d i Helping cities achieve ecological and economic sustainability in synergy
Integrated cross-sector approach
energy efficient and low carbon development
Optimal urban plan & land use Optimal urban plan & land use
compact cities
Combining multiple financial instruments (IBRD,IDA, GEF, CF,CTF, IFC,PPP etc.)
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Example of Simultaneous Economic and Environmental ImprovementSince 1990, Swedish CO2 emissions have been reduced by
9% while its economy has been growing at stable rate.
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Source: Symbiocity
By looking at global good practice cities:
How did we arrive at our Eco2 solutions?
cities: Stockholm, Sweden
Curitiba, Brazil
Yokohama, Japan
Singapore
Brisbane Australia Brisbane, Australia
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Eco2 Cities: Cross – Sector Integrated Approach(Stockholm, Sweden)
Integrated Utility Management & Resource Management
Energy
Water and Sewage
Waste
Source: Stockholm City Planning Administration 9
Av. ParanáMal Floriano
Parque IguaçúGreen Line
São Paulo
Eco2 Cities: Integrating Transport, Land Use & Ecosystem (Curitiba, Brazil)
SOUTH STRUCTURAL AXIS
Nova Curitiba
DOWNTOWNMal. Floriano
Porto Alegre
Parque Barigui
Represa Do Passaúna
Ponta Grossa
INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT
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Solid Waste Reduction
Implementation of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) with citizen's
Eco2 Cities: Concerted Efforts of All Stakeholdersin Reducing Waste (Yokohama, Japan)
y )collaboration
Achieved 38.7% reduction in six years (2001‐2007) and US$1.1Billion Savings.
Waste Reduction in Yokohama
Source: City of Yokohama
Eco 2 Cities: Integrated & Innovative Water Management (Singapore)
Closed Water Loop • Water Security
• Water Catchment
• Wastewater reclamation
Year 2000 2004
Population (‘000) 4,028 4,167
Wastewater reclamation
• Desalination
• Demand Management
• Tariff - Financial incentive to
reduce water consumption
GDP (US$ mil.) 92,720 109,157
National Water Consumption (mil. m3)
454 440
Average Monthly Household Water Consumption (m3)
20.5 19.3
Average Monthly Household Water Bill (Singapore$)
31.0 29.4
Source: PUB website, Singapore
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Comprehensive Approach
Good Urban Planning
Eco 2 Cities: Emerging Sustainable City (Ahmedabad, India)
Good Urban Planning Bus Rapid Transit River Front Development Inclusive Development
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02 .5 Km 2 .5 Km
The Four Principles
1. City-Based Approach Enables local governments to proactively lead and inspire Always adapted to the specific circumstances and local ecology
2. Expanded Platform for Collaborative Design and Decision Making Sustained synergy through coordination and alignment of stakeholder actions
and incentives
3. One System Approach Realize benefits of integration
O ti i th it t h l
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Optimize the city-system as a whole
4. Investment Framework that Values Sustainability and Resiliency Life Cycle Analysis Asses value and benchmark all capital assets (Manufactured, Natural, Social
and Human) Broader Risk Assessments and adaptive strategies for resilience
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Principle 1: City-Based Approach
Leadership from the new centres of decision-makingp g
An emphasis on the unique historic, cultural and ecological
context of a city
An action-oriented network focused on supporting cities
Methods and tools for building capacity of cities
Principle 2: Expanded Platform for Collaborative Design and Decision Making
National Policy & Framework
Regional Systems
• Collaboration with all stakeholders
• A shared planning framework
• Integrated Design
Systems
Municipal Services
Land UseWasteOffice Buildings
Environmental Mgt.
Fleet Mgt
Procurement
City HallOperations
high ‐ Level of control ‐ low low high‐ Level of control
Building
Stocks
Building
StocksEcosystemsEcosystems
Private Sector Citizens
Process
• Policy/Investment Coordination
RoadsSewerage
Housing
Fleet Mgt.
ParksLighting
TransitWaterStocksStocks
ElectricityElectricity
TransportationTransportation
Natural
Gas
Natural
Gas
Social
Services
Social
Services
Information
Communications
Information
Communications IndustryIndustry
AgricultureAgricultureRural
Communities
Rural
Communities
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Principle 3: One System Approach
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy:
Green BuildingsWater
District Heating/Cooling
Smart Grid
Solar, Geo, Wind, Hydro
Promote Social
Water Mgt
Regulation, Incentives Technology, Awareness
Waste Management
Water Management
Adapt to Adapt to natural
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Public TransportGreen Transport ModeClean Energy Efficient
Vehicle/Fuel
Compact Urban Design
Social Equity
Land Management Transport Planning
risksnatural risks
Principle 4: Investment Framework that values Sustainability & Resiliency
Life Cycle Cost Benefit Analysis: Investment DecisionsFinancial Accounting
Capital O & M Costs Disposal Costs
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Environmental Load ProfileConstruction
MaterialsEnergy, Water Waste/Recycle
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How to Prepare Eco2 City ?Some Tools for 4 Fs
Sankey Diagram to Analyze FlowsGIS to Analyze Form
Design Charretteto Forecast & Plan
Life‐Time Cost Benefit Analysis for Financing Decision
Phase 2 Eco2 Pilot Operations
Ho Chi Minh City Haiphong
QuezonMandaluyongMakati
JakartaSurabayaMakassarPalembangKupangBalikpapang
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Book available
at WB Infoshop, Amazon …..
Also downloadable at
www.worldbank.org/eco2
Contact Person:
Hiroaki Suzuki: [email protected]
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