1Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

ECE 322 Electronics I

Fall - 2019

Tejasvi Anand

Oregon State University

2Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Action Item

▪ Review

- Circuit analysis: ENGR 201/202/203

▪ KVL, KCL, Thevenin, etc.

3Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Organization and Policies

▪ Class Website (lecture notes, HW, etc will be posted)

https://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~anandt/ECE322_Fall_2019/

▪ No laptops in class (exception: taking notes)

▪ No late HWs accepted

▪ No makeup exam/quiz

▪ Previous year quiz and exams are posted on the

website

– Exception: medical emergency

Let’s Begin!

4Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Electronic Gadgets and Devices

5Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Inside a Cell Phone and Integrated Circuits

Rx. Tx.

CL

K

0.6

mm

1.2mm

1750µm

95

0µ

m

PLLLUT

Tx

4x

PIBBPD

3x 16:1

Demux

CDRPRBS

Checker

PR

BS

Ge

n.

Temp.

Sensor

iPhone 5SiPhone 11

6Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

History of Integrated Circuits (IC)

▪ 1926: Lilienfield: “Method and apparatus for controlling electric

currents” Modern day FET

▪ Dec. 1947: Bardeen, Shockley, & Brattain at AT&T Bell Labs

create the first point-contact germanium transistor

▪ 1950: Shockley invents the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

▪ Late 1950’s: Silicon BJTs

▪ 1958/59: Invention of the IC

▪ 1962: Hofstein and Heiman at RCA research labs invent the

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET)

▪ Yesterday: MOSFETs with typical feature size 14nm (Intel 6th gen

core i7 processor)

▪ Now - 7nm

▪ Future 5nm, 2nm, 1nm …. Carbon nano tubes….

7Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

First Integrated Circuits (IC)

▪ Kilby at TI demonstrates first integration in Germanium

▪ Files patent in 1959

▪ Noyce of Fairchild files patent for the IC in July 1959

▪ Forms the basis of modern day ICs

▪ 1960’s early part – legal battle over who invented the IC first

Fairchild started in 1957 by Noyce

▪ Noyce, Gordon Moore, & Andrew Grove started a company in

1968 called Integrated Electronics Corp. - the modern day Intel

▪ Intel builds microprocessors

▪ 1972: Intel 4004 – 2300 transistors,10µm feature size

▪ 1974: Intel 8080 – 4500 transistors, 6µm feature size

▪ 2000: Intel Pentium 4 – 42M transistors, 0.18µm feature size

▪ 2007: Intel Core i7 – 731M transistors, 45nm feature size

▪ 2012: Intel 62-Core Xeon Phi – 5B transistors, 22nm feature size

▪ 2015: Intel Core i7 (6th gen) – ? transistors, 14nm feature size

8Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Exponential Phase of Science with ICs

Source: Time Magazine

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Moore’s Law

Source: AnandTech

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This Course is on Microelectronics

Focus Area: Analog Circuits

11Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

Why Analog in the Era Digital IC

▪ Physical world is Analog

▪ Example: Audio signal, video signal, temperature, pressure,

microwave

▪ Digital systems cannot operate in vacuum

Digital

Processor

Analog Interface

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Sensing and Actuation Example

▪ Sense acceleration

▪ Deploy air bag if de-acceleration exceeds threshold

Digital

Processor

Sensor ADC

DAC

Analog Interface

Actuator

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All Sensing and Control

▪ Analog sensor (continuous time information)

▪ Digitize analog information using an Analog to Digital Converter

(ADC)

▪ Process signal in digital domain using a processor (DSP)

▪ Convert back to analog domain using a Digital to Analog

Converter (DAC) for control

Digital

Processor

Signal ADC

DAC

Analog Interface

Actuator

14Tejasvi Anand ECE 322: Electronics I

▪ Semiconductor devices

– Diode

– Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)

– Metal oxide semiconductor field effect

transistor (MOSFET)

▪ Applications in the design of analog circuits

– Rectifiers

– Amplifiers

Course Content