eCall

Connected Cars Saving Lives

David Williams, MIET, CEng, PhD

eCall – 10 questions

1. What is it?2. How does it work?3. Will it save my life?4. Why has it taken so long?5. How will Brussels force us to do it?6. Will Brussels be able to spy on us?7. Will it increase the cost of motoring?8. Will it cost the mobile operators a lot of money?9. Will it overload the Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)?10. What will it lead to in the future?

eCall1. What is it?

eCall – what is it?

• Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa9exFRI-KI

eCall2. How does it work?

eCall – data and voice

MSD – Minimum Set of DataPSAP – Public Safety Answering Point

Galileo satellites

The Minimum Set of Data (MSD)

Types of eCall

• Automatically initiated eCall

• Manually initiated eCall

• Test eCall

• Reconfiguration eCall

• The first two are 112/999 calls with new service category labels

• The second two are non-emergency calls (long numbers)

eCall In-Band Modem

In-band modem was chosen 10 years ago because: – it minimizes the impact on mobile networks– can be used over the existing 999/112 emergency call system– voice and data are inherently linked together (SMS is not)– mobile packet data systems were not widely deployed– 112 is available everywhere in the European Union– the amount of data is very small (140 bytes)– successful lobbying.

There are still some impacts on mobile networks– echo cancellers– routing to the most appropriate PSAP– SIM management– risk of extending the lifespan of old technologies (2G GSM).

eCall High Level Application Protocol

Original Minimum Set of Data Request new Minimum Set of Data

An eCall device

Geneva Microsystems

ModemModem Frequency Bands Quad Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz

Output power for EGSM850 Class 4 (+33dBm)

Output power for EGSM900 Class 4 (+33dBm)

Output power for EGSM1800 Class 1 (+30dBm)

Output power for EGSM1900 Class 1 (+30dBm)

Directives 1999/05/EC

ECE-R 10

2002/95/EC

European Standards Approval 3GPP TS 51.010-1

ETSI EN 301 511 V9.0.2

GCF-CC V3.45

ETSI EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1

ETSI EN 301 489-7 V1.3.1

EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009

Special Feature EU eCall Compatible

In-band Modem Release 10.0.0

Other featuresGlobal Navigation Satellite System GPS

GLONASS

GALILEO

Display 1.45 inch TFT

128 x 128 pixels

Full colour

User Input 5 way Navigation switch

SIM card Nano SIM Card

Audio input input Differential Analog Microphone

Sensitivity -42dB

Audio output Power 2.5W peak

Sensors 3-Axis accelerometer

3-Axis Magnetometer (Optional)

3-Axis Gyroscope (Optional)

Pressure sensor (Optional)

Backup Power Lithium-Polymer Cell

3.7V 320mAHr

Power connection Micro USB 2.0

eCall3. Will it save my life?

Will eCall save my life?

The European Union claims that 2,500 lives per year will be saved.

Many accidents are on minor roads• No witnesses• Will there be a

signal?

eCall4. Why has it taken so long?

eCall History – What happened so far …

2005:

European Union asked for an eCall

standard

2008:

eCall modem standardized in ETSI/3GPP

2011:EU funded “HeERO”

trials begin

2011:Data format

& application standards in

CEN

2013:United

Nations starts standards

work

2018: “Go-live”

date 31/3/2018

Initially the European Union allowed a voluntary Memorandum of Understanding but later started a process of legislation to force eCall

deployment.

Third Party Supported (TPS) eCall

Third Party Supported (TPS) eCall:• A paid for service, whereas normal eCall is a public service• Already exists as vehicle specific deployments• Calls go to a third party and are then relayed to the PSAP• Minimum Set of Data is sent by text message and then relayed to the PSAP• Is a European Standard (EN16102); 112 eCall is EN16062 and EN16072 • Will be permitted in addition to 112 eCall in some circumstances

Why launch a public eCall service when the private sector is doing something similar already?

eCall5. How will Brussels force us to do it?

How will eCall be made mandatory?

• 1. Oblige countries to upgrade PSAPs and take eCalls• Deployment of the interoperable EU-wide eCall (published on 3 June 2014) • “The Member States shall deploy on their territory (…) no later than 1 October 2017 the eCall

PSAP infrastructure required for the proper receipt and handling of all eCalls (….) interoperable EU-wide eCall service.”

• www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2013/0166(COD)&l=en

• 2. Make eCall part of vehicle type approvals• eCall in all new cars to be sold in EU market (adopted by the Parliament, under review at

Council)• All new car models to be equipped with eCall technology from 31 March 2018• http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52013PC0316

• 3. Oblige mobile network operators to deliver eCalls• Delivery of emergency calls is already mandatory• Formal recommendation that mobile network operators deploy the eCall flag mechanism• http://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/impact/ia_carried_out/docs/ia_2011/c_2011_6269_en.pdf

UK position on eCall

• UK is in favour of a voluntary approach regarding the deployment of eCall. Based on their own impact assessment (TRL study), UK claims that the benefits of making eCall mandatory in all new cars will not justify the costs of implementation.

• Nevertheless, the figures they are referring to in that study seem to be outdated, notably the cost of in-vehicle devices that are currently falling:

• regarding the in-vehicle system, recent internal evaluation of the different components of the in-vehicle device leads to an estimated cost of ~ 40€.

• regarding the upgrade of the emergency call centres, BT 112/999 - managing PSAPs in UK - , answering to a question from Royal Automobile Club, announced costs for the upgrade of UK PSAPs lower than 250 000€.

• [JC Oct 8 2013]

Country PLMN1 PLMN2 PLMN3 PLMN4

Austria H3GA ONE A1 TMA

Belgium BASE Mobistar Proximus

Czech-Repuplic EurostarCZ TMCZ OSKARCZ

Denmark TelenorDK Telia TDC

France Bouygues SFR OrangeF

Germany EPLUS O2 TMD VF

Italy WIND TIM Omnitel

Luxembourg LuxGSM OrangeLU Tango

Netherlands KPN BEN VFNL

Norway TelenorN NCOM

Poland PlusPL OrangePL ERAPL PlayPL

Portugal Optimus TMN VFPT

Spain OrangeES YOIGO VFES TME

Sweden Sweden3G H3GS TelenorS

Switzerland Sunrise OrangeCH Swisscom

eCall test campaign and EU funded “HeERO” trials

48 Networks in 15 countries

22 stationary locations 12 mobility routes >16000 calls >25000 MSD transmissions Feb 13 – Mar 02, 2012

Networks by country

Some countries are now declared eCall ready

Galileo and EGNOS

eCall is being used to promote Galileo and EGNOS

EGNOS = European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

Car type approvals

• Car type approval specifications are done by the UNECE

• eCall comes within car type approval

• UNECE has started a project on AECS (auto emergency call systems)• Functional tests on the eCall in-vehicle system (CEN16454)

• Triggering sensitivity test

• Post crash test

• Galileo tests

eCall6. Will it increase the cost of motoring?

eCall Costs

• eCall service is free to the end user• Costs borne by mobile network operator and taxpayers

• In-vehicle equipment costs• Estimates from £80 to £300 on a new car

• Potential for lower insurance premiums• Lower compensation costs due to fast response and treatment

• eCall device maintenance and repair cost• Will have to work to pass the MoT

Periodic inspection

Test eCall on local simulatorTest eCall on live mobile networkSelf test and malfunction indicatorNothing

Increasing cost

eCall7. Will Brussels be able to spy on us?

“EU to bug every car in UK with tracker chips – and Ministers admit they are powerless to stop the Big Brother technology

• Under EU plans, every new car sold in UK will have a 'black box' device• Gadget contains a phone-like SIM card which tracks drivers' movements• Designed to help emergency services find vehicles in the event of crash• Government believes the device will add at least £100 to the cost of cars• Officials also fear it could be used by police to monitor motorists' moves• But ministers admit they are powerless to stop Big Brother technology• All new car models will have to include 'eCall' device from October 2015”

Daily Mail 10 May 2014Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2625244/EU-bug-car-UK-tracker-chips-Ministers-admit-powerless-stop-Big-Brother-technology.html#ixzz3Jda40vBZ

Are privacy concerns overdone?

• Could I be tracked? • eCall is not a tracking application

• Data is only sent when an eCall is triggered

• An eCall-only device is not registered on a network until an eCall is triggered.

• Could tracking be switched on later when eCall is in every car?

• Requirement to record the eCall transaction in the vehicle (EN16072 7.17.4)• Could the eCall data be retrieved and analysed afterwards?

• Could the last 3 locations be used to calculate speed before the crash?

• The stored eCall data is a record of a vehicle’s position at given time.

• Will the stored eCall data devalue the vehicle?

• Will an excessive number of eCalls lead to being deemed a high risk?

eCall8. Will it cost the operators a lot of money?

Costs to mobile operators

• Routing emergency calls to the correct PSAP

• Interconnect charges

• Test eCall charges (possibly, roaming)

• Making Calling Line ID always available

• SIM lifecycle issues• Not deleting inactive SIMs • Change of vehicle ownership• End of life management

eCall brings no direct revenue to mobile operators

1 Police

2 Ambulance

3 Fire Brigade

4 Marine Guard

5 Mountain Rescue

6 Manually initiated eCall

7 Auto. initiated eCall

8 Spare and set to "0"

eCall9. Will it overload the Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)?

False and accidental eCallsWill manual eCalls overload the PSAPs?

Some PSAPs do not want to answer Manual eCalls

Manual eCalls can be treated differently to Auto eCalls.

Auto eCalls are more likely to be genuine emergencies

Manual eCall button

Too easy Too difficult

eCall10. What will it lead to in the future?

eCall in other countries

Decided

Considering

Russia Turkey

Australia Israel South Korea

Japan China

Other eCall users

The European Commission is looking to extend eCall to:

• Used cars, i.e. retro fit

• Other vehicle categories such as motor-cycles

• Vulnerable users and health devices

Next Generation eCall

• Next Generation eCall benefits• More data (e.g. medical, vehicle)• Other media (e.g. pictures, video)• Telemetry (PSAP remotely flashes lights,

sounds horn, unlocks doors of the vehicle)

• Suggested method for 4th generation mobile• In-band modem was optimised for 2G &3G• Use IMS emergency call • Send MSD in the SIP INVITE message• Routing based on new URNs• A cell broadcast indicator for Next

Generation eCall support

Data connectivity in cars enables other services

• Real time route-

guidance

• Remote diagnostics

• Payments

eCall - a step towards the connected carIntelligent Transport Systems

Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)

Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE)

An initiative to use mobile phone signals for V2X has begun:• LTE (4G) Discovery• LTE (4G) direct mode communication

V2X is:V2V – Vehicle to vehicleV2R – Vehicle to roadV2P – Vehicle to pedestrian

eCallYour car will soon have it.

I hope you will never need to use it.

Thank-you.