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Scheme of work Week 1 Unit 1 3

Unit 1: A Forming questions, be, do and have Unit 1: B Forming questions and answers, be, do and have

Unit 1: C Suffixes, idiomatic expressions Unit 1: D Action verbs and state verbs Unit 1: E IELTS Exercises Week 2 Unit 2 34 Unit 2: A Present simple passive, sports and leisure Unit 2: B Synonyms and antonyms, multi-word verbs Unit 2: C Numbers (1) Unit 2: D Letters and emails, formal and informal styles Unit 2: E IELTS Exercises Week 3 Unit 3 63 Unit 3: A Numbers (2) Unit 3: B Past simple and past continuous, news Unit 3: C Past perfect, art and literature Unit 3: D Permission and obligation Unit 3: E IELTS Exercises Week 4 Unit 4 98 Unit 4: A Ability, giving advice Unit 4: B Negative obligation, requests and offers Unit 4: C Positives and negatives - balancing Unit 4: D The future – will and going to Unit 4: E IELTS Exercises Week 5 Unit 5 128 Unit 5: A Make, do and like Unit 5: B Adjectives - food, places and people Unit 5: C Mid-course assessment preparation and review Unit 5: D Mid-course assessment preparation and tests Unit 5: E Mid-course assessment test review and feedback

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Week 6 Unit 6 146 Unit 6: A Present perfect, a life story Unit 6: B The past - news, CV Unit 6: C Multi-word verbs, first conditional Unit 6: D First conditional, second conditional (1) Unit 6: E Project Work Session Week 7 Unit 7 178 Unit 7: A First conditional, second conditional (1) Unit 7: B Money, adjectives, multi-word verbs Unit 7: C Possibility and probability Unit 7: D Adjective + preposition combinations, character Unit 7: E Project Work Session Week 8 Unit 8 208 Unit 8: A Continuous forms Unit 8: B Questions about quantity, time expressions Unit 8: C Prefixes and suffixes, direct and indirect questions Unit 8: D Questions, questions tags, multi-word verbs Unit 8: E Project Work Session Week 9 Unit 9 240 Unit 9: A The human body, reporting Unit 9: B Reporting questions, statements and commands Unit 9: C Time, life events Unit 9: D Review 1 Unit 9: E Project Work Session Week 10 Unit 10 276 Unit 10: A Review 2 Unit 10: B Review 3 Unit 10: C End-of-course assessment preparation and tests Unit 10: D End-of-course assessment test review and feedback Unit 10: E Project presentation, assessment and feedback

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Unit 1: A 1 Listening and Speaking Activity Listen to the recording of a man telling us about himself. Form five questions you would like to ask him and share it with the class. Listen to the details he gave. Form questions to ask him for additional information. Use What, Where, Why, When, How in your questions. 2 Make questions from these sentences. 1 I come from Thailand. (Where?)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 I was born in Beijing in 1991. (Where? When?)

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I live in Manila. (Where?)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 I’ve got two sisters and a brother. (How many?)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 I’m studying English because I need it for my studies. (Why?)

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I’ve been studying English for two years. (How long?)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 I’ve been to the Malaysia, Vietnam, Japan, and Australia. (Which countries?)

_____________________________________________________________________

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8 I went to Malaysia three years ago. (When?)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 With a partner, ask and answer the questions you made in Activity 1 and write

your partner’s answers. 3 Tell the class about your partner. 4 As you listen, form one question to ask your friend about his/her partner. Ask your question when your friend has finished introducing the partner. 5 Making questions Put the words in the right order to make questions. Then write answers about yourself. Example parents where were your born? Where were your parents born?

My mother was born in Shenzhen and my father was born in Dalian. 1 you do who live with?

____________________________________________________________________?

____________________________________________________________________

2 learning you started were how when you English old?

___________________________________________________________________ ?

Where do you come from? Thailand.

Where were you born? In Phuket, Thailand.

Tharadol comes from Thailand. He was born on Phuket in 1989, but now he lives in Hong Kong. He has one brother and three sisters…

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_____________________________________________________________________ 3 go you where holiday were did younger when you on?

___________________________________________________________________ ? _____________________________________________________________________

4 read any your in books free you do time?

___________________________________________________________________ ?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 to time night what did go this bed you last?

___________________________________________________________________ ?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Great Wall China ever to to been the have see you?

___________________________________________________________________ ?

_____________________________________________________________________ 7 father look your you like do?

___________________________________________________________________ ?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Reply to the following sentences with a suitable question. Example ‘I’m going for lunch.’ What are you going to eat? 1 ‘Hamid speaks three languages.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

2 ‘We had a wonderful time at the zoo.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

3 ‘Mei Ling and Enlai paid a lot of money for their car.’

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___________________________________________________________________ ?

4 ‘Mr Wong and his wife have a big family’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

5 ‘Shirley’s going to the theatre tonight.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

6 ‘Prem’s writing an email.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

7 ‘The lesson was really interesting.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

8 ‘We had an amazing holiday.’

___________________________________________________________________ ?

7 Using do, be and have Read the following sentences and notice the changes.

do 1 I like Coke.

2 I don’t like Pepsi.

3 Do you like Coke?

4 My brother likes Coke.

5 My sister doesn’t like Coke.

6 Does your friend like Coke?

be

1 I am happy.

2 I am not sad.

3 Are you happy?

4 My brother is happy.

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5 My sister isn’t happy.

6 Is your friend happy?

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Palace_Bangkok.jpg by D.Alyoshin

have

1 I have visited Bangkok.

2 I haven’t visited Shanghai.

3 Have you visited Bangkok?

4 My brother has visited Bangkok.

5 My sister hasn’t visited Bangkok.

6 Has your friend visited Bangkok?

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8 Continue the following sets of sentences in the same way.

1 I study in a school.

2 _______________________________________________ in a university.

3 __________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________

1 I’m learning English.

2 ________________________________________________ French.

3 __________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________

1 I saw the Pacific Ocean.

2 _____________________________________________ the Atlantic Ocean.

3 __________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________

1 I’ve met Jackie Chan.

2 _______________________________________________ President Obama.

3 __________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________

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9 Completing a conversation Read this telephone conversation and put the correct form of do, be and have into each gap. Use the contracted form where possible.

J Good morning, Lenovo hotline. This is Jenny speaking. How can I help you? C Oh, hello. I (a) ____________ got a problem with my laptop. It (b) ___________

(not) working at all! J Okay. Could you tell me your name and the name of the company your work for,

please? C My name is Carl. . I (c) ______________ (not) work for a company. I work for

myself at home, and I (d) _____________ trying to finish an important piece of work.

J Alright, Carl. Could you tell me what (e) _______________ happened? C I (f) _______________ working on my assignment, when suddenly everything

stopped and a message came on the screen. Then the screen went blank. J Okay, Carl, (g) ______________ (not) worry! What (h) ______________ the

message say? C I can’t remember exactly, because I (i) __________________ (not) understand it,

but I think it said something about the memory. J It’s all right, Carl. I understand. (j) __________________ you switched the

computer off? C No, I (k) _________________ (not). It’s still on. J Fine, Carl. Now do exactly what I say. Go to your computer, okay? Can you see a Red ‘P’ in the bottom left-hand corner? Click on that. Now, what

(l)____________________ it say? Can you read it to me? C There’s a list of things. First it says...

10 Here are some questions about the conversation between Jenny and Carl. The words of the questions are not in order. Put them in the correct order. Then answer each question. 1 Carl the is why Lenovo hotline calling?

________________________________________________________________ ?

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Because __________________________________________________________

2 work for Carl does company which?

________________________________________________________________ ?

He _______________________________________________________________

3 doing when laptop he his was what stopped?

________________________________________________________________ ?

He _______________________________________________________________

4 Carl why remember message the can’t?

________________________________________________________________ ?

Because___________________________________________________________

5 switched computer he has his off?

________________________________________________________________ ?

No, ______________________________________________________________

11 Listen to the conversation between two tourists and answer the questions below. Put a T for True and a F for False in the bracket.

1. The night market is difficult to find. ( ) 2. Taking the taxi is better than taking the subway. ( ) 3. Taxis are usually cheap in Bangkok. ( ) 4. You should not bargain at the night market because everything is cheap already.

( ) 5. Tourist 2 thinks that tourist 1 asks silly questions. ( )

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Unit 1: B 1 Using do, be and have Complete these questions with the correct form of do, be and have. 1. A What _________________ do at the weekend? B I stayed at home and played on my computer. 2. A What kind of films_________________ like watching? B I like action movies and science fiction. 3. A _____________ ever been to Macau? B Yes, I have. I went there last year. A _________________ like it? B Yes, I loved it. 4. A What _____________ the teacher ______________? B She’s helping Mei Ling with this activity. 5. A What ______________ your mother do? B She works in a shop. 6. A Why ________________ do your homework last night? B Because I went out for dinner with my family. 7. A What _______________ doing on Friday? B I’m going to see a film at the cinema. 8. A _____________ you ___________ a computer in your bedroom? B No, I haven’t. 2 Conversations Match a question in A with a short answer in B and a sentence in C.

A B C 1 Do you like studying here?

2 Is it a nice day today?

3 Have you seen my hand phone?

4 Are you staying at home this evening?

5 Did you go overseas last year?

No, I haven’t.

Yes, I am.

Yes, I do.

No, I didn’t.

No, it isn’t.

It’s raining heavily.

It’s a good school.

I couldn’t afford to.

Do you want to come round?

You can borrow mine if you want.

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3 Negatives and short answers Complete the sentences with the correct form of do, be and have in the positive or negative. Examples Andy likes carrots but Joe doesn’t. I don’t like carrots but Nicky does. 1 I’ve been to Indonesia but Anita _______________________.

2 Sathya isn’t studying hard but I ________________________.

3 Jiang loves fishing but we _____________________________.

4 I did my homework last night but my sister ___________________.

5 Jackie hasn’t finished his work but Eddie ____________________.

6 We don’t want to leave now but they __________________.

7 I didn’t remember to bring my book but you ______________.

8 Your English is good but mine _______________.

4 Writing answers Answer these questions about you with a short answer and some more information. Example Do you speak three languages?

Yes, I do. I speak Chinese, Korean, and English. No, I don’t. I only speak two, Chinese and English. 1 Are you enjoying this lesson?

____________________________________________________________________. 2 Did you have a good teacher in primary school?

____________________________________________________________________. 3 Have you ever been to Singapore?

____________________________________________________________________. 4 Do you often watch English language films?

____________________________________________________________________. 5 Have you been on a plane many times?

____________________________________________________________________.

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5 have/have got

6 Using have and have got Complete the sentences with the correct form of have or have got. Example Excuse me! Do you have the time, please? or Excuse me! Have you got the time, please?

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Have and have got are used to show possession. It is used in the Present Simple. I have two brothers. I’ve got two brothers. He has long legs. He’s got long legs. 2 We can make questions like this.

Do you have any money? Yes, I do. Have you got any money? Yes, I have.

3 We can make negative sentences like this.

He hasn’t got any money. He doesn’t have any money.

4 We use have in all other tenses. I had swimming lessons when I was six. I didn’t have a computer when I was a child. I’ve had a pet cat since I was nine. I’ll have test next week. I like having English lessons. I’d like to have more English lessons. 5 Have is used to talk about actions and experiences. Have breakfast/a cup of tea/a break. Have a bath haircut/a rest. Have a chat/a dream/an accident. Have a look at something/a word with someone. 6 We use have more in written/formal English. We use have got more in

spoken/informal English.

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1 I’m so hungry. I _____________________________ anything to eat last night. 2 ‘Why’s Chitra taking medicine?’ ‘Because she ________________________________ a headache.’

3 ‘What would you like to eat?’ ‘I _____________________ some noodles, please.’

4 ‘Can you lend me ten dollars?’ ‘Sorry. I __________________ my wallet with me.’

5 Suzy ____________________ her baby. It’s a boy. They’re calling him Roy.

6 We _____________________ a party on Friday. Would you like to come?

7 Can I _______________ a word with you later?

8 How was your picnic? ________ you ________ a good time?

9 Could you help me? I ___________ a problem, and I don’t know what to do.

10 What time _________________ do usually _______________ dinner?

7 Important inventions Work with a partner. Rank the inventions listed below ‘1’ for the most important to ‘8’ for the least important. the computer ___________ the Internet ___________ the car ___________ the train ___________ the television ___________ the mobile phone ___________ the aeroplane ___________ the light bulb ___________

8 The most important inventions Work in groups and try to agree on the three most important inventions in the list above. Which invention has changed the world the most? Give reasons for your choices. 1 ___________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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2 ___________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 3 ___________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9 Discussing your ideas Talk together as a class. What other important inventions would you add to the list? Why?

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10 Reading Comprehension Pre-reading Questions: 1. Who does not eat instant ramen? 2. Any one here has never owned a walkman/Discman/MP3 Player etc?

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sony_net_md_walkman_mz_n510.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Instant_ramen.jpg Japan’s Greatest Invention: The Instant Ramen or The Walkman? Which is the greatest Japanese invention of the 20th Century? Instant ramen, which was voted the “Greatest Japanese Invention” in 2007 or the Walkman, which almost every one had one at some point of time in their life? These two Japanese icons are everywhere around the world. They can be found in the most diverse cultures and the farthest places on earth. The instant ramen was invented in 1958 by Nissin Food in Japan by Momofuku Ando. It was a modification of the original soup noodles sold in stores across Japan. Initially, the idea was not accepted by the food industry because they thought people would not accept the idea of food cooked so quickly. However, with the world changing into a fast paced place, the concept of a dish that can be prepared within minutes and eaten caught on. Tasty and quick, the instant ramen became the staple for a modern generation of people on the go. Ranging from students who need a quick meal between lectures to corporate climbers who have no time to cook, the instant ramen is the solution. The instant ramen is

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so popular that it has inspired identical copies of itself in other countries. Almost all Asian countries now have their own brand of instant noodles. What about the Walkman? This audio device was released in 1979 to the public by Sony. Its instant popularity was due to the convenience and solace it gave. Light and compact, the device allows you to retreat into your own private world at the click of a button. For people on the go, the walkman occupies your time and mind while you travel, keeping you company on those long and lonely times. The Walkman has since evolved. From cassettes to CDs and now to computer memory chips, the Walkman has kept up with the times to provide invaluable companionship to the traveller. It is so successful that it has spurred competitors to design similar devices. However, no one can ever change the fact that it was Sony that first provided us with the means to enter into our own space when we are on a long and tiring journey or at a crowded place. Reading for Gist: In 2 mins, scan through the passage and answer the questions below with a T for True and a F for False 1. The Walkman and Instant Ramen touched the life of many. ( ) 2. The Instant Ramen was voted greatest invention. ( ) 3. Before the invention of the instant ramen, people thought food should be cooked slowly. ( ) 4. The Walkman is popular because it is cheap. ( ) 5. The Walkman is the only audio device sold nowadays. ( ) 6. Read the passage carefully this time Summarise the reasons why Instant Ramen and the Walkman became successful below. Write the reasons in short and complete sentences. Instant Ramen ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Walkman

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vote for the product you think is the greatest invention. In your own words, write a paragraph explaining why and support your answer with examples. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 What is it? (1) Read these descriptions of inventions. What are they? 1 We find this in tall buildings. It is a small room. It has buttons to press to make it go

up and down. _____________________________ 2 We find these where roads meet. They have got three colours. They tell drivers when

to stop, go and slow down. ______________________________ 3 This has three or four blades. It is used to move the air. It helps people to stay cool.

Big ones are usually fixed to the ceiling.

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_______________________________ 4 This thing has got a needle. We use it to make clothes. It moves very fast, so you

must be careful when you use it. _______________________________ 5 This is a method of communication. You need to have a computer or a hand phone to

use it. You can contact friends, look for information and play games with people in other places with it.

________________________________ 12 What is it? (2) Write descriptions of five things. Then give your descriptions to your partners and ask them to say what the things are. In your descriptions, remember to use appropriate adjectives. Generally, adjectives must be ordered in the manner: Size, shape, colour, origin, material, use NOUN Big (size), rectangular (shape), brown (colour), wooden (material) box Round (shape), Spanish (origin), porcelain (material) plates Error correction exercise: The order of adjectives in the passage below is wrong. In pairs, correct the order of adjectives and re-write the passage. Michael hated pre-war, old Melbourne – hated it at the very first sight of the foggy, horrible streets filled with dull, colourless crowds ambling home like soulless creatures, the shop windows glowing feebly in the misty twilight, the huge, slow buses reduced to red dim rumbling shapes that seemed to float out of nowhere amidst the white, thick fog and smoke. He particularly hated this dingy, dark, ugly room, with its broken-down, old furniture and the hissing gas heater in the fireplace that went out if you forgot to keep enough shillings to feed the hungry mouth of the coin slot. He thought about struggling into a woollen, heavy skirt and cardigan and pulling on a pair of thick stockings; he hated the feel of prickly, wet wool against his skin. The wool gloves, which he disliked even more, were suspended from a metal, thin wire in front of the pale-blue flames of the gas heater, drying from another hopeless, cold morning of job hunting and giving off an

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odour which Michael found loathsome. Everything in Australia seemed to smell of damp, cold wool, as if the entire population consisted of wet, smelly animals. 13 Role-Play: The inventor Work with a group to think of something new that you need or something that could

be useful for people. Draw a picture of it and then describe it to your classmates. Design a short presentation about your invention. Use the following questions to help you.

What is it?

Why do we need it? How does it work? How do we use it? Role-Play how to use your invention for the class. Your classmates will evaluate which is the best invention.

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Unit 1: C 1 Suffixes Sometimes we can change the form of a word by adding something to the end of it. This is called a suffix. base word + suffix = new word present + ation = presentation comfort + able = comfortable 2 Forming nouns with suffixes Here are some suffixes for creating nouns. Can you add two more examples for each suffix?

-ion production, connection ____________________________________

-ation administration, presentation ____________________________________

-ment enjoyment, improvement ____________________________________

-ness goodness, kindness ____________________________________ 3 Forming nouns about ideas with suffixes Here are some suffixes for creating nouns. Can you add two more examples for each suffix?

-hood childhood, parenthood ____________________________________

-ship membership, partnership ____________________________________

-dom freedom, kingdom ____________________________________

-ity stupidity, creativity ____________________________________

-ism capitalism, professionalism ____________________________________ 4 Matching words with suffixes Match the word in the list with a suitable suffix in table below to create a noun. Use a dictionary to help you. Then write the meaning.

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1 relation___________________ _____________________________

2 consumer_________________ _____________________________

3 prosper___________________ _____________________________

4 commercial_______________ _____________________________

5 Social___________________ _____________________________

6 parent___________________ _____________________________

7 bore____________________ _____________________________

8 brother__________________ _____________________________

9 rapid___________________ _____________________________

10 free____________________ _____________________________

11 partner_________________ _____________________________

12 conform_________________ _____________________________

hood hood ship ship dom dom

ity ity ity ism ism ism

5 Forming adjectives with suffixes Here are some suffixes for creating adjectives. Can you add two more examples for each suffix?

-able likeable, understandable ____________________________________

-ible responsible, sensible ____________________________________

-ive productive, selective ____________________________________

-less careless, helpless ____________________________________

-al professional, national ____________________________________

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-ful useful, helpful ____________________________________ 6 Word formation using suffixes Complete these sentences with different forms of the word act using the suffixes from the box.

-or -ion -ing -ive -ivities

1 My Jackie Chan an act_________. He’s been in many films.

2 My grandfather is 92, but he’s still very act_________.

3 Jackie Chan is usually in act________ movies.

4 Jackie Chan has been act_________ since he was very young.

5 We do a lot of act__________ in our English lessons.

7 Verb + preposition Many verbs are followed by a particular preposition. Fill each gap with a preposition from the box. Some prepositions are used more than once.

of about to in with for on 1 Sometimes I disagree ____________ with my friend’s ideas.

2 Are you interested ____________ watching a film tonight?

3 We might pass the test. It depends ____________ how hard you study.

4 What kinds of music do you like listening _____________?

5 If you have a problem, you can talk _____________ me.

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6 The teacher and I talked _____________ my homework.

7 I was thinking ____________ my boyfriend. Then I got a call from him.

8 What do you think _____________ this shirt. Is it nice?

9 How much did you pay ____________ your shoes?

10 What are you worried _____________?

8 Idiomatic expressions When we’re talking with friends we use a lot of idiomatic expressions. What do you think these idioms mean? Use a dictionary to help you.

1 got stuck ________________________________________________

2 be off ________________________________________________

3 go out with ________________________________________________

4 ages ________________________________________________

5 sick and tired ________________________________________________

6 take time off ________________________________________________

7 get together ________________________________________________

8 can’t stand ________________________________________________

9 never mind ________________________________________________

10 cost a fortune ________________________________________________

11 to make it ________________________________________________

12 must be joking ________________________________________________

13 mind your own business ________________________________________________

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9 Using idiomatic expressions (1) Match a sentence in A with a sentence in B.

A B 1 Sorry I’m late. I got stuck in a meeting.

2 Bye, Darling! I’m off to work now.

3 How long did it take you to walk home?

4 Oh, I’m sick and tired of this rain.

5 Was that your boyfriend I saw you with?

6 I’m tired. I’m taking tomorrow off.

7 Let’s go for a swim with the sharks!

8 Can we get together this evening at 6.00?

9 What a beautiful ring! Was it expensive?

Yes, you need to relax.

So am I. I can’t stand wet weather.

Never mind. You’re here now.

Ages! How about you?

Yes, it cost a fortune!

You must be joking!

I can’t make it then. What about later?

Okay, love. Have a good day!

Mind your own business!

10 Using idiomatic expressions (2) Answer these questions. Use the idioms in your answers. 1 How often do you get stuck in a traffic jam?

________________________________________________________________________

2 Who in the world would you most like to go out with?

________________________________________________________________________

3 Are you sick and tired of anything?

________________________________________________________________________

4 What would you do if you could take time off your studies?

________________________________________________________________________

5 How often do you get together with your friends?

________________________________________________________________________

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6 What can’t you stand?

________________________________________________________________________

7 What would you like that costs a fortune?

________________________________________________________________________

8 Do you like to know a lot about people or do you mind your own business?

________________________________________________________________________

11 Correcting mistakes Look at the letter that a student wrote to his friend. His teacher has used symbols to show him the kind of mistakes he had made. Read the letter and correct the mistakes.

T tense WW wrong word Prep preposition P punctuation Gr grammar Sp spelling WO word order word missing

48, Harley Road, London, England

Monday, 18th July

Dear Fan, Prep Gr How are you? I’m very well. I came in London three weeks ago for to study at a P Gr language school. I want learn english because is a very important language. I’m stay Gr Gr with a English family. They’ve got two son and a daughter. Mr White is lawyer and Gr Gr Mrs White work in an office. The English is very kind, but they speak very quickly! P WW I study in the morning. My teachers name is Andy. He said me that my English WW Gr Sp is okay, but I do a lot of mistakes. Andy don’t give us to much homework, so in the WO Gr afternoons I go always sightseeing. London is much more big than my city. I like very WO Gr Prep much painting and I’m very interesting for modern art, so I visit art galleries and

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T Gr exhibitions. I’ve met a girl named Angelina. She came from Italy and go to Chelsea T Sp College. Last night we go to the cinema, but the film wasn’t very exiting. WW Do you like to visit me? Why don’t you come for a week? It would be great to see you. Write to me soon. Cheers,

Nick 12 Answer these questions about the letter above. 1 Where is Nick? Where is he staying? _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Why is he there? _____________________________________________________________________ 3 What does he do every day? _____________________________________________________________________ 4 What does he do in his free time? _____________________________________________________________________ 5 Who has he met? _____________________________________________________________________ 13 Writing a letter Write a similar letter to a friend back in your country. Write 150-200 words. Exchange letters with your friend. Correct your friend’s letter before handing up to your teacher.

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Unit 1: D 1 Comparing sentences Look at the pairs of sentences. Which one is correct? Give a reason for your answer. 1 They have a young daughter.

They’re having a young daughter. 2 He speaks three languages.

He’s speaking three languages. 3 Don’t turn off the radio! I listen to it.

Don’t turn off the radio! I’m listening to it. 4 I make some tea now.

I’m making some tea now. 5 We’re thinking this film is interesting.

We think this film is interesting. 6 English speaks all over the world.

English is spoken all over the world. 2 What brings happiness? Look at this list of things that can bring happiness. How important is each one to you? Rank them 1 (most important) to 9 (least important). good health in mind and body ___________

a big house ___________

job satisfaction ___________

regular holidays ___________

a loving marriage ___________

a supportive family ___________

hobbies and leisure activities ___________

lots of friends ___________

no money problems ___________

Compare your answers with a partner.

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3 What makes you happy? What other things make you happy? Tell your classmates.

Read the passage below on ‘The Happiest Person in the World”. Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Wen-Bing

President Shin Wen-Bing is famous for being known as the ‘Happiest person in the world.’ He was an ex- mayor of Tainan who during retirement, became the first elected president at the South Taiwan Artisan School (ATAS). The ATAS later became the Southern Taiwan University of Technology, on December 15, 1969. What makes President Shin so special was the fact that he never received any form of monetary recompense during his term as the president. He retired in 1988 as president of the university.

President Shin cared more about his homeland than his own political career. He was passionate about education throughout his life. A man of many talents, he was a statesman, educator and entrepreneur.

President Shin always said that education was the most meaningful thing in his career, so he was proud to say that he was the happiest person in the world because of the role he played. President Shin liked reading as a hobby and he encouraged people to read as well. To commemorate Mr. Shin not only as a late President of Southern Taiwan University of Technology but also a great man of our time, STUT has organized an exhibition room - the "Shin Wen-Bing Museum" - to display his collection of books and to tell his story.

President Shin is best remembered for his quote below:

"Trust, justice, sincerity, and honesty are the basic principles of our lives. They are principles revered by ancient Eastern as well as by ancient Western sages. They are now regarded as our school motto. I hope all of us will strive to fulfill them.1"

1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Taiwan_University_of_Technology

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Discuss:

1. What do you think is of President Shin’s reason for being the happiest person on earth?

2. Do you share the same ideals as him?

4 The happiest time of your life What do you think is the happiest time of a person’s life? Give three reasons for your answer. The happiest time ____________________________________________________ Reason1 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Reason 2 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Reason 3 _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5 Action verbs and state verbs

6 Identifying state verbs Seven of these verbs are not usually used in the Present Continuous. They are state verbs. Circle them. 1 enjoy

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Some verbs are used in both simple and continuous forms. These are called action verbs. He usually teaches English, but today he isn’t teaching. He’s relaxing. 2 Some verbs are rarely used in the continuous form. These are called state verbs.

I like ice-cream. (NOT I’m liking ice-cream.)

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2 think (opinion)

3 come

4 play

5 have (= possess)

6 love

7 want

8 think (= consider)

9 like

10 know

11 understand

12 work

13 have (= activity)

7 Right or wrong (1) Are these sentences correct ( ) or incorrect (×)? Rewrite the incorrect sentences. 1 What do you want to eat? 2 I’m not understanding what he said. × I don’t understand what he said.

3 I’m loving spicy food. ____________________________________ 4 Do you think Lily speaks English well? ____________________________________ 5 I’m sorry. I’m not knowing your name. ____________________________________ 6 We’re enjoying the lesson very much. ____________________________________ 7 I’m thinking it’s very good. ____________________________________ 8 The baby is being fed by his mother. ____________________________________ 8 Present Simple or Present Continuous (1) Complete the pairs of sentences using the verb in the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. 1 come

Khalid is Malaysian. He ____________________ from Penang.

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She’ll be here very soon. She ______________________ by train.

2 have

We can’t talk now. We’re __________________ an exam.

Alan _____________ a beautiful new wife.

3 think

I ___________________ I need to improve my English.

I ___________________ about my boyfriend at the moment. I love him so much.

4 not enjoy

We ____________________ this concert at all. The music is too loud.

We ____________________ loud concerts.

5 watch

Be quiet! I _________________________ my TV show.

I always ___________________________ it on Monday night.

6 see

Janet isn’t well. She ____________________ the doctor at the moment.

I ____________________ your problem, but I can’t help you. I’m sorry.

7 use

This field ____________ usually ____________ for football matches.

But tonight it _____________ being _____________ for a concert.

9 Right or wrong (2) Some sentences are right and some are wrong. Put a tick () next to the right ones and a cross (×) next to the wrong ones. Rewrite the wrong sentences. 1 I’m thinking you are a good person.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Where are you thinking of going at the weekend?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Nobody is ever liking my cooking. It’s so disappointing.

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_____________________________________________________________________

4 Don’t listen to what she says. She always tells lies.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 We’re seeing our bank manager at two o’clock.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I’m not understanding this grammar point.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Does the baker make bread?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 He’s not knowing my phone number.

_____________________________________________________________________

10 Present Simple or Present Continuous (2) Complete the pairs of sentences with the verb. Put one in the Present Simple and the other in the Present Continuous. 1 think

I _________________________ of learning how to drive.

I ___________________________ that’s a great idea.

2 see

_____________________ you _______________ what I mean?

What time __________________ you _______________ the doctor?

3 have

She ______________________ a wonderful new husband.

She ______________________ a wonderful time on her honeymoon.

11 Writing using the Present Simple and Present Continuous What do you enjoy doing? What do you love to do? Write about 150 words.

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Unit 2: A 1 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. Underline the verbs. What is the difference?

I cooked the meat for an hour.

The meat was cooked for an hour.

They speak Mandarin in China.

Mandarin is spoken in China.

2 Present Simple Passive The first sentence in each pair uses the Present Simple active. It focuses on who did something. The second sentence in each pair uses the Present Simple passive. It focuses on what happens. Millions of people speak English. English is spoken by millions of people. 3 Present Passive

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We form the Present Simple Passive like this. Food is eaten. Students are taught. 2 We form the Present Continuous Passive like this.

I am being taught English. We are being taught English.

3 We use the Present Passive to talk about regular actions or habits. My house is cleaned every day. My clothes are washed once a week. 4 We use the Present Passive to talk about facts. Rice is grown in China. Computers are used in most offices. 5 We use the Present Passive to talk about something happening now. Grammar is being taught in this lesson. The students are being taught grammar.

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4 Past participles

Base form Past simple Past participle

do

did

done

eat

ate

eaten

look

looked

looked

clean

cleaned

cleaned

5 Using past participles Add the past participles to the following sentences using words in the box. Use each word once.

grow produce make pull take deliver include employ decorate speak

1 English is _________________ in our lessons.

2 This cake was ________________ by my grandmother.

3 The cost of books is _________________ in the school fee? 4 The city centre is ________________ to celebrate New Year.

5 Cars are ________________ in this factory.

6 The books were ______________ by the students.

7 About five hundred people are ________________ in that company.

8 Tea is __________________ in Sri Lanka.

9 The old building is being _________________ down.

10 The letter was _________________ by the postman.

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6 Using active and passive forms Read this text and write the verbs in the Present Simple active or Present Simple passive.

7 Sport and leisure activities (1) In pairs, make a list of as many sports and leisure activities as you can think of.

1. football

Taking a plane

When a passenger (1) ____________________ (arrive) at an airport, he goes to the check-in desk where his ticket and luggage (2) ______________________ (check). He (3) ____________________ (keep) his hand luggage with him but his suitcase and large bags (4) ________________________ (take) on a conveyor belt. If he is are on an international flight, his passport (5) _________________ (check), and then he and his bags (6) ______________________ (x-ray) by security scanners. Sometimes he (7) ___________________________ (give) a body search and his luggage (8) _______________________ (search) by a security officer. He (9) __________________________ (wait) in the departure lounge until his flight (10) ______________________ (call) and he (11) _____________________ (tell) which gate to go to. Finally he (l2) ____________________________ (board) the plane and he (13) ___________________________ (show) to his seat by a flight attendant.

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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 8 Sport and leisure activities (2) Choose some of the sports or leisure activities from your list and complete this table. Use a dictionary to find any new words that you need.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka_edit2.jpg by Nick Wiebe http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rome_Tiber_fishing.JPG by Kleuske

Sport / Activity People Place Equipment and clothes

football

players

pitch or field

ball, boots, goal posts,

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9 Listening/Reading Comprehension

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amateur_Muay_Thai.jpg Thailand’s National Sport: Muay Thai – Explaining the Rituals Before each Muay Thai match, the fighters perform a stylized dance ritual. The ceremony mesmerises us with its graceful and gentle moves, almost misleading us to believe that Muay Thai is a gentle sport. What happens after that is the opposite: when the fight begins, it is violent and fast. What does the ritual symbolise and why must it be performed so religiously before every fight? As with the most countries in the region, Thai culture is highly influenced by ancient civilizations within Southeast Asia; the ritual reflects the deep beliefs held by such societies.

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Approaching the Ring Rites (Kuen Suu Weitee)

In ancient times, Siamese people believed in the power of incantations and protective amulets, the common belief was that everything was ruled and inhabited by unseen spirits, and that places were either blessed or cursed. Because of these beliefs, it was necessary to perform special rites before a fighter entered the ring, asking the spirits' permission to do so. Today, it is very much a matter of individual preference these days, with no prescribed rules. Some may kneel before the ring while others might pray with their khru muay (Teacher) or perform a series of repetitive movements, such as touching the ring ropes 3 times and avoiding the bottom stair before taking the first step up to the ring.

Fighters always leap over the ropes into the ring because the head is considered to be more important than the feet. Therefore it has to stay always above the feet while entering the ring, then they will go to the center and pay respect (panom muae wai) in all four directions to the spectators.

Ritual Dance of Homage (Wai Khru Ram Muay)

Wai Khru Muay Thai is a tradition that goes back to ancient times, it is not an optional ritual or reserved for special occasions: the official Muay Thai regulations specify that both fighters must perform the Wai Khru Ram Muay before each and every bout. It's a tradition in which fighters pay respect to their teachers, parents and things they hold sacred and pray for their safety and victory. The ritual has been developed in different ways, in different regions, even under different teachers and therefore it is theoretically impossible for two fighters to perform identical Wai Khru.

The Wai Khru is graceful and aesthetic ritual, both practical and spiritual. In a practical sense, it functions as a final pre-fight warm-up and gives the fighter some time alone before the fight to collect his thoughts. It can be divided into three main sections:

The Royal Homage Sequence

This was originally intended to show devotion to the King, going back to the days when fighters were selected to display their skills in front of him. The fighters will prostrate before the king before rising again.

The Kneeling Sequence

This section is performed in a kneeling posture, one knee on the ground and the other leg out in front. The fighter pivots around on the spot to repeat the same sequence facing all four sides of the ring, a tradition which comes from Krabi Krabong.

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The Standing Sequence

In this section, the fighters go out from the center of the ring in one direction, to perform the Dramatic Interlude. Some fighters imitate the motions of a hunter, a soldier, or an executioner. But in a deeper sense, the fighter is expressing religious devotion, humility, and gratitude.

Removal of the Head Circlet (Pitee Tod Mongkon)

After the Wai Khru is completed, the fighters return to their own corners for the Removal of the Head Circlet Ritual (Pitee Tod Mongkon). The fighter stands in his own corner, lowers his head and raises hands to his chest for panom mue wai pose, while khru muay standing outside of the ropes facing the fighter, raises his own hands to return the wai. A fighter maintains the posture while the teacher utters an incantation and blows three times on top of fighters' head before removing the Head Circlet. On the completion of this ritual and after a review of the rules by the judge and a glove shake, the contest may begin.

Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muay_thai Listen to the teacher read the passage once. Try and answer questions 1-5 as you listen to your teacher read. Complete the following sentences using information from the text. As far you can, use your own words. Use not more than 3 words. 1. The ceremony mesmerises us with its ______________________, almost misleading us to believe that Muay Thai is ____________________. 2. Fighters always leap over the ropes into the ring because the head is _______________ more important than the feet. 3. Because of these beliefs, it was necessary to _________________________ before a fighter entered the ring, asking the spirits' permission ___________________. 4. Its a tradition in which fighters ____________________ to their teachers, parents and things they ______________ and pray for their safety and victory. 5. The Wai Khru is __________________ ritual, both practical and spiritual.

Re-write the steps of the Ritual Dance of Homage (Wai Khru Ram Muay) into short sentences using Imperative or command verbs. The first has been done for you:

The Royal Homage Sequence

1. Bow down before the king.

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2.

The Kneeling Sequence:

1.

2.

The Standing Sequence

1.

2.

10 Writing Exercise: Rites and rituals are important in a modern society because they remind us of who we are. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 11 Play, go and do We use play to talk about ball games, net games, board games and computer games. We use go to talk about activities ending with –ing. We use do to talk about other activities. 12 Play, go or do? Write play, go, or do with these words. _______ surfing _______ aerobics _______ volleyball

_______ fishing _______ golf _______ jogging

_______ basketball _______ football _______ yoga

_______ cycling _______ swimming _______ table tennis

_______ chess _______ judo _______ badminton

13 Other activities Think of some other activities. Do we play, go, or do them? Write them in sentences. 1 _____________________________________________________________________

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2 _____________________________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 14 Holidays Complete these vocabulary lists with words about holidays from the box.

hiking traveller’s cheques youth hostel rucksack flight attendant camp-site caravan swimming costume suitcase hotel farmhouse relaxing exploring beach towel sight-seeing driver guest-house tour guide travel agent sunbathing sun block

things to take people activities places to stay ________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

________________

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15 Writing Use some of the words in Activity 12 to write a paragraph about a holiday you have been on.

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Unit 2: B 1 Synonyms and antonyms Synonyms are words that have the same meaning and antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning. We often use prefixes to form the opposite of an adjective. The most common prefixes are un, in ,and im. unimportant inactive impossible What words do you know that begin with un, in, and im? 2 Making synonyms and antonyms Complete this table. Write one opposite adjective using a prefix, and another opposite adjective from the box.

sad out of date stupid ugly arrogant cheap cruel rare casual rude boring wrong

Adjective Opposite

(prefix + adj) Opposite

(word from the box)

happy

polite

expensive

interesting

correct

attractive

fashionable

intelligent

usual

kind

formal

modest

unhappy

sad

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Writing Exercise: The Evil Twin In pairs, write the story of how different a pair of twins is. Student A will write about a twin who is good while student B will write about a twin that is bad. Use the adjectives from the box in Activity 2. Read your story to the class. 3 Multi-word verbs with look The following sentences use multi-word verbs with ‘look’. What does each one mean? 1. I look up to him because he’s a great man.

2. The police are looking into the crime. 3. I think you should look for a new job. 4. I look back on my first school with great pleasure. 5. I need to look the word up in the dictionary. 6. I’m looking after Jim’s cat while he is overseas. 7. I’m looking forward to starting my new job. 8. Look on this success as a reward for your hard work. 4 Matching words and meanings Match an item in A with a meaning in B. Use a dictionary to help you.

A B look up to think of positively look into take care of look for feel happy about the future look back on find detailed information about look up respect and admire someone look after to remember an event in the past look forward to find information

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look on find something 5 Using multi-word verbs with look (1) Answer the following questions. 1. Do you look up to anyone? Who is it?

_____________________________________________________________________

2. Who looked after you when you were young?

_____________________________________________________________________ 3. Are you looking forward to anything?

_____________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you look on this course?

_____________________________________________________________________ 6 Using multi-word verbs with look (2) Complete the following sentences with suitable items from Activity 4. 1 I ___________________________________ what I did with regret.

2 She _____________________________ her teacher very much. 3 I don’t know her number. I will ___________________ in the directory. 4 We must _________________________ the cause of the accident. 5 I’m ___________________________ seeing my family next week. 6 Dina’s a good boss. She ____________________________ the workers very well. 7 I _______________________________________ him as my best friend.

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8 I’m not sure where I put my key. Could you help me _____________________ it? 7 More multi-word verbs with look The following sentences use look. What does each one mean? Select the best meaning a, b or c.

1 I’ve looked over your homework but I still need to check it again.

a. read carefully b. read quickly c. not read

2 Please look through my essay and tell me what you think. a. read carefully b. read quickly c. not read

3 After two weeks of illness, finally Lily is looking up.

a. getting worse b. staying the same c. getting better

4 Please look me up when you come to my hometown.

a. call b. write c. visit

5 The students are looking to the teacher for guidance.

a. blaming for b. expecting from c. demanding of

8 Completing sentences Complete the following sentences with your ideas. 1 I’m looking to ________________________________________________________.

2 Please look me up _____________________________________________________. 3 Could you look through ________________________________________________? 4 Things are looking up for _______________________________________________. 5 Please look over ______________________________________________________.

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9 Idioms with look The following sentences use idioms with ‘look’. What do you think each one means?

1. This firm is always on the lookout for talented and intelligent people.

2. There’s going to be another recession, by the looks of it. The forecasts are bad.

3. I don’t like the look of the balance sheet. The company is in trouble.

4. I like the look of our new CEO. He has a lot of experience.

5. My boss is not much to look at, but he has a wonderful personality.

6. $2 million was spent on giving the building a new look.

10 What does it mean? Write the meaning of these idioms. Use a dictionary to help you. on the lookout for ________________________________________________ by the looks of it ________________________________________________ like the look of ________________________________________________ not much to look at ________________________________________________ new look ________________________________________________ 11 The following sentences have mistakes in them. Correct the mistakes. Correction 1 From the looks of it, everyone will pass the exam. _________ 2 The teacher doesn’t like the look from my homework. _________ 3 The school is in the lookout for a new teacher. _________ 4 We’ll be moving to a new house, by the looks from it. _________ 5 Our school is not much to look for. _________ 12 Write answers to the following questions.

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1. When was the last time your home was given a new look?

_____________________________________________________________________ 2. How will you look back on your time in this school?

_____________________________________________________________________ 3. Is your teacher handsome, beautiful or not much to look at?

_____________________________________________________________________ 4. In general, is life looking up for the people in your country?

_____________________________________________________________________

13 Multi-word verbs with be The verb to be is often followed by a particle to form a multi-word verb. Example Bye! I’m off to the beach at the weekend. (I’m going) Read these sentences. What do you think the multi-verb with be mean?

1 I was up early this morning because I had to catch a plane. _________________

2 Will you be in tonight? I want to come and see you. _________________

3 I must be off now. I don’t want to be late for work. _________________

4 Kim is away from work today. I think he is ill. _________________

5 What were you up to at the weekend? _________________

6 What is on at the theatre next month? _________________

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14 Using multi-word verbs with be Put a word from the box into each gap in these sentences. Some words are used more than once.

on up in up to off away 2 ‘Hello. Can I speak to Mr Wu, please?’

‘I’m sorry. He isn’t ____________ this afternoon.’

3 ‘Hello. Can I speak to Mrs Chou, please?’ ‘I’m sorry. She’s ____________ on holiday this week.’

4 ‘Let’s watch a film on TV tonight.’

‘Okay. What’s ___________?’

5 I think this food’s ____________ . It smells really disgusting.

6 ‘What shall we have for dinner?’ ‘It’s ____________ you. You’re cooking it.’

7 Come on, Vishal! Aren’t you ___________ yet? You’ll be late for work.

7 There must be someone _________ the house. The lights are _________.

8 I must be ___________ soon. I don’t want to get home late.

9 ‘Why is it so hot in here?’

‘The air-conditioning is ____________. That’s why.’

10 ‘You’re shaking. What’s ____________?’ ‘I’m a bit nervous about my exam.’

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Unit 2: C 1 How do you say 0? There are several ways to say 0 in English.

oh nought zero nil love

We usually say oh, nought and zero. Nil and love are usually used in sport. Look at the table. It shows when to use oh, nought and zero.

Say When Written Spoken oh in telephone numbers 7820913 seven eight two oh nine one three

in room numbers 201 two oh one in bus numbers 190 one nine oh in years 1807 eighteen oh seven after a decimal point 6.04 six point oh four

nought before a decimal point 0.72 nought point seven two

zero for the number 0 a zero for temperature -8 C eight degrees below zero

2 Saying numbers (1) Practise saying the numbers in these sentences. 1. You can take bus numbers 605, 720 or 203 to get to school.

2. The rate is 0.75 US Dollars to the Chinese Yuan. 3. Please give me a call on 7090250. 4. Our company was started in 1906. 5. In the summer, the city reaches 35 C. 6. Did you say bus number 850 or 805? 7. The price increased by 0.05 per cent. 8. The lesson is in classroom 402. 9. Is that an ‘o’ or a ‘0’? 10. You can contact me on 0729605.

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3 Telephone and Fax Numbers When the digits in telephone and fax numbers are all different, we usually say them separately. When two or three of the same digits are together, we can also say double and treble. Look at the table. It shows how to say telephone and fax numbers.

Say Written Spoken 5134782 five one three four seven eight two 7026195 seven oh two six one nine five

double 8226401 eight double two six four oh one 7600338 seven six double oh double three eight 6555534 six double five double five three four

treble 6555421 six treble five four two one 9521000 nine five two one treble oh

4 Saying numbers (2) Read the following sentences. What is the best way to say the telephone and fax numbers? 1. I think her number is 0177 243601.

2. Sorry, I sent the fax to 9855144. It should have gone to 9851144. 3. Did you say 6666897? 4. My number is easy to remember. It’s 9222911. 5. Please fax to 5044210. 5 Writing numbers Write the following telephone and fax numbers. 1. double one five eight two four six __________________

2. two five three four oh nine five __________________ 3. six two treble seven three eight __________________ 4. nine double oh two four double one __________________ 5. five two double six treble eight __________________

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6 Dates In British English the order of numbers in dates is day-month-year. In American English the order is month-day-year. This can be very confusing. Look at the following example: British English 12.11.04 the twelfth of November two thousand and four American English 12.11.04 December eleventh two thousand four Look at the tables below. (1) shows dates according to the rules of British English and (2) shows dates according to the rules of American English. (1) British English

Digits Written Spoken 14.02.1992 14th February 1992 the fourteenth of February nineteen ninety two 04.01.2005 4th January 2005 the fourth of January two thousand and five 24.10.2020 24th October 2020 the twenty fourth of October two thousand and twenty 24.10.2020 24th October 2020 the twenty fourth of October twenty twenty

(2) American English

Digits Written Spoken 02.14.1992 February 14th 1992 February fourteenth nineteen ninety two 01.04.2005 January 4th 2005 January fourth two thousand five 10.24.2020 October 24th 2020 October twenty fourth two thousand twenty 10.24.2020 October 24th 2020 October twenty fourth twenty twenty

7 Talking about dates Write the dates in numbers and say them according to the rules of British English. 1. What is your date of birth? __________________

2. When did you finish primary school? __________________ 3. When will this course finish? __________________ 4. When is National Day in your country? __________________ 5. What is the most important date in the history of your country? __________________

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8 Big Numbers There is some difference in the way we say big numbers in British English and American English. Look at these examples.

Number British English American English 120 a hundred and twenty a hundred twenty 1300 one thousand three hundred thirteen hundred Look at the tables below. Showing how we say big numbers according to the rules of British English. (1) Hundreds

Written Spoken 100 a hundred 102 a hundred and two 117 a hundred and seventeen

(2) Thousands

Written Spoken 1,000 a thousand 1,050 a thousand and fifty 1,150 one thousand one hundred and fifty 10,000 ten thousand 10,050 ten thousand and fifty 10,150 ten thousand one hundred and fifty

100,000 a hundred thousand 150,000 a hundred and fifty thousand 150,105 a hundred and fifty thousand one hundred and five 150,150 a hundred and fifty thousand one hundred and fifty

(3) Millions

Written Spoken 1,000,000 a million 1,000,050 a million and fifty 1,500,000 one million five hundred thousand (one and a half million) 10,500,500 ten million five hundred thousand five hundred

100,500,550 one hundred million five hundred thousand five hundred and fifty (4) Billions

Written Spoken 1,000,000,000 a billion 1,000,000,050 a billion and fifty 1,500,000,000 one billion five hundred million (one and a half billion) 1,500,000,500 one billion five hundred million five hundred 1,500,500,550 one billion five hundred million five hundred thousand five hundred and fifty

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9 Saying big numbers (1) Look at the big number below.

134,278,321,671 We can break down this number to help us say it correctly.

billion million thousand hundred ten unit

134 278 321 6 7 1 [One hundred and thirty four billion] [two hundred and seventy eight million] [three hundred and twenty one thousand] [six hundred] and [seventy] [one] 10 Saying big numbers (2) Practise saying the following numbers. 1. 20,000

2. 45,038 3. 150,321 4. 2,425,890 5. 78,908,234 6. 250,091,560 7. 9,999,999 8. 23,000,000,001 9. 84,764,231,926 10. 210,008,300,034 11 Using big numbers Write some big numbers and ask a partner to say them.

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12 Listening Exercise Listen to the short narration on the founding of Singapore. Record any information that involves numbers e.g. dates and write them in numerical form below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Unit 2: D 1 Talking about letters and emails Discuss these questions. 1 How often do you write letters? 2 How often do you write emails? 3 Who do you write to? 4 How often do you write letters and emails in English? 5 How do you write letters in your language? 6 How do you write emails in your language? 7 What is different about writing in English and writing in your language? 2 Beginnings and endings (1) Look at these words used in letters and emails. Put them under the correct heading: beginning or ending. Hugs and kisses

Madam Hi Sir

sincerely

Lots of love Dear Best wishes

Yours faithfully Take care All the best

beginning ending __________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

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3 Beginnings and endings (2) Read these sentences from some letters and emails. Which sentences are beginnings and which are endings? Write B for beginning or E for ending. 1 Just a note to say that you so much for letting me to stay last week. B

2 Thank you for your letter of 23 May. Please find enclosed a cheque for $300.00.

3 Keep in touch.

4 How are you doing? You’ll never guess what happened last week.

5 I am writing in response to your advertisement in today’s Daily News.

6 We hope this arrangement is satisfactory.

7 I’m sorry I haven’t contacted you for such a long time.

8 We look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

9 I thought I’d email rather than ring you.

10 Give my regards to your mother.

11 Take care and thanks again.

12 How are you and how’s the family?

4 Formal and informal sentences Look again at the sentences in Activity 3. Which ones are formal and which are informal? Write the words and phrases which helped you decide. Sentence 1: informal just a note

Sentence 2: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 3: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 4: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 5: __________________________________________________________

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Sentence 6: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 7: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 8: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 9: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 10: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 11: __________________________________________________________

Sentence 12: __________________________________________________________

5 Beginnings and endings (3) Match the beginnings and endings of these letters and emails.

beginnings endings A. Dear Muthu and Devi, Any chance that you two are free next Sun. p.m.?

B. Dear Prem, Thanks for you letter. It was great to hear from you after so long. You asked about what I’ve been doing. Well,…

C. Dear Sir/Madam, I saw your advertisement in the Daily Times for weekend breaks at your beach hotel.

D. Hi Shirley, Thanks for inviting us.

E. Dear Mr Jin,

I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.

Yours faithfully, Jackie Fong

We apologize for the inconvenience and will have pleasure in sending your order as soon as we receive the additional amount.

Yours sincerely, Alan Deng, Manager It would be lovely to see you some time. If you ever come to Hong Kong, you could stay with us. Love Yan

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We received your order for the Oxford English Dictionary and your cheque for $45.

Let me know asap. All the best, Molly

Can’t wait to see you. Let’s hope the weather is good. Love to Ernie. See you then. Norah

Continue the beginnings of the letters above with one of these lines. Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? I’ve changed my job a three times since I last spoke to you, and as you know, I’ve

moved to a new house. Unfortunately, this amount did not include packing and postage, which is $9.50. We’ve got four tickets for New Year’s parade. Interested? Of course, we’d love to come. 6 Understanding the letters Answer these questions about the letters in Activity 3. Write the words and phrases which helped you decide. 1 Which letter asks for information? ____________________________________

2 Which letter invites? ____________________________________

3 Which letter asks for further payment? ____________________________________

4 Which letter accepts an invitation? ____________________________________

5 Which letter gives news? ____________________________________

7 Writing an informal email You have just found the email address of an old friend. Write an email to him/her. Give your news, describe some things that you have done recently, and say what your future plans are. Ask about his/her news and family.

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8 Writing a formal letter You have just received a book that you ordered from a company. However, when you opened the package, you saw that the book was damaged. Write a letter to the bookshop telling them about the problem and what you want them to do about it.

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Unit 3: A 1 Simple calculations Look at the most common words in English for doing simple calculations. Write the symbol (+, -, x, etc) in the correct place. Words Examples ___ Symbol

1. plus two plus three equals five and four and four equals eight

2. minus five minus two equals three

take away six take away four equals two subtract five subtracted from seven equals two deduct four deducted from nine equals five

3. multiply two multiplied by five equals ten

times four times three equals twelve

4. divide six divided by three equals two into two into six equals three

5. equals one plus one equals two

five minus four equals one 2 Saying calculations Using the prompts given, say some simple calculations to get the answer provided. 1. (divided by) ______________________________________________ = 250 2 (take away) ______________________________________________ = 34 3. (times) ___________________________________________________ = 81 4. (into) ____________________________________________________ = 6 5. (minus) ___________________________________________________ = 45 6. (multiplied by) _____________________________________________ = 200 7. (and) _____________________________________________________ = 72 8. (subtracted from) ___________________________________________ = 1002

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3 Percentages

When we read percentages, we say the numbers before the decimal point [.] together and the numbers after the decimal point are usually read separately.

Written Spoken 0.02% nought point oh two per cent 25.25% twenty five point two five per cent 99.99% Ninety nine point nine nine per cent

4 Fractions Most fractions are quite easy to say in English. First, we say the top number and then we say the bottom number. Look at the examples: 1/5 one fifth 2/5 two fifths 3/5 three fifths 5/8 five eighths 6/8 six eighths 7/8 seven eighths However, when we see ½ and ¼ we usually say: ½ a half ¼ a quarter ¾ three quarters When we see a fraction with a whole number, we say the whole number first and then the fraction.

2¾ two and three quarters 6½ six and a half 5 Saying percentages and fractions Calculate the following percentages as fractions. Then write them in words and practise saying them. % Fraction 1. 75% ________________________________________________ 2. 33.3% ________________________________________________ 3. 20% ________________________________________________ 4. 90% ________________________________________________ 5. 50% ________________________________________________ 6. 25% ________________________________________________

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6 Decimals

In English, we read the numbers before the decimal point [.] together and the numbers after the decimal point are usually read separately. We only read the numbers after the decimal point together when we are talking about money. Look at the table. It shows you how to say decimal numbers.

Written Spoken 0.004 nought point oh oh four 0.763 nought point seven six three 19.24 nineteen point two four

127.59 a hundred and twenty seven point five nine

$16.95 sixteen dollars ninety five $23.50 twenty three dollars fifty

It is important to remember that in English we use a point [.] to show a decimal. We Use a comma [,] to show thousands. You should always look carefully.

Example: 12,005 twelve thousand and five

12.005 twelve point oh oh five

7 Saying numbers Read the following numbers and practise saying them. 1. 125.67 2. $87.34 3. 0.021 4. 105.105 5. $18.90 6. 7.905 7. 209.67 8. $30.30

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8 Using numbers to describe things Sometimes we use numbers to describe things. Look at the examples.

The English course ran for six months. It was a six-month English course. Her lunch break was for one hour. She had a one-hour lunch break. When we use numbers to describe things we usually place a hyphen (-) between the words. Also the plural form becomes singular.

He had a holiday for two weeks.

He had a two-week holiday. Rewrite the following sentences following the examples given above. 1 I bought a car for $20,000.

I bought __________________________________________________________.

2 The lesson ran for ninety minutes.

It’s ______________________________________________________________. 3 The man weighed a hundred kilos.

He’s _____________________________________________________________. 4 Our hotel was two hundred and fifty years old.

We stayed in ______________________________________________________. 5 I received a telephone bill for $150

I received ________________________________________________________. 6 They gave me a discount of twenty per cent.

They gave me _____________________________________________________.

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9 Review of numbers Say each of the following numbers correctly. 1. 452,678

2. 12,890,764,743 3. 1.258 4. 160 – 20 = 140 5. 0.00642% 6. 7.378 7. ¾ 8. $23.90 9. 18,888 10. 20 x 35 = 700 11. $6.75 12. 2,004 13. 0783 677859 (fax) 14. 1903 (year) 15. 24.67% 16. 100 years old 10 Speaking In a group, design a conversation that uses the numbers above. You can choose any topic you like. For example, Student A: My father was born in 1903. He is an old man now. He is more than 100 years old now. Student B: Really? Is he healthy still? My father is only ¾ of your father’s age.

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Read your passage before the class. 11 Listening practice Listen to the recording and write the numbers you hear. 1

_______________________________

11

_______________________________

2

_______________________________

12

_______________________________

3

_______________________________

13

_______________________________

4

_______________________________

14

_______________________________

5

_______________________________

15

_______________________________

6

_______________________________

16

_______________________________

7

_______________________________

17

_______________________________

8

_______________________________

18

_______________________________

9

_______________________________

19

_______________________________

10

_______________________________

20

_______________________________

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Unit 3: B 1 What was Adam doing? Adam works for Megahard Computers in Shanghai. Read about what he did yesterday.

time activity 6.30 got up and got ready for work

6.45 – 7.15 packed his bags 7.30 – 8.30 drove to the train station 9.20 – 10.15 travelled by train to visit his client 11.00 – 12.45 had a meeting with a client 1.00 – 2.15 had lunch in an Italian restaurant with his client 2.30 – 4.15 visited the office of Newly Computers 5.30 – 6.15 caught the train home and did some paperwork 8.00 – 8.45 had dinner with his wife and child 9.00 – 11.00 relaxed and watched TV

Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about what Adam was doing at these times.

7.00 a.m. 8.00 a.m. 10.00 a.m. 11.30 a.m 1.30 p.m. 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 8.30 p.m. 10.00 p.m.

2 What were you doing? Work with a partner to ask and answer questions about what you were doing yesterday.

What was he doing at 7 o’clock yesterday morning? He was packing his bags.

What were you doing at 8 o’clock yesterday morning? I was eating breakfast.

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3 Giving responses (1) Work with a partner. One of you read a sentence from box A and the other read a suitable response from box B.

Student A Student B 1 I didn’t laugh at his joke. 2 Were you surprised by how the film

ended? 3 I went to the station, but I couldn’t

get on the train. 4 I was homesick the whole time I was

living abroad. 5 The restaurant we ate at last night was

awful! 6 I met my boyfriend’s father for the

first time yesterday. 7 My father has a daughter from his

first marriage.

Why? Was it very crowded? Why? Was it not funny? That’s a pity. Hadn’t you been there before? Really? I didn’t know he’d been married before. Really? I thought you’d met him before. No, I’d read the book, so I already knew the story. Oh dear! Had you never lived overseas before?

4 Giving responses (2) Write suitable responses to these statements. 1 I don’t like her new boyfriend. ___________________________________________ 2 I had to wait two hours for the train. _______________________________________ 3 I couldn’t eat the food. __________________________________________________ 4 We had to leave early. __________________________________________________ 5 I think he’s angry with me. ______________________________________________ 6 She failed her driving test. _______________________________________________ 7 I thought I loved her, but I don’t. __________________________________________ 8 I don’t want to sit next to him. ____________________________________________

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5 Past Simple or Past Continuous Underline the correct verb form of the verb in these sentences. Example Nicky and Ann me/were meeting when they lived/were living in Macau. 1 He worked/was working quietly when suddenly the door opened/was opening and his

wife rushed/was rushing in.

2 She stood/was standing up, walked/was walking across the room, and closed/was closing the door.

3 An old woman walked/was walking into the cafe. She wore/was wearing a purple

skirt and a yellow blouse.

4 Didn’t you meet/weren’t you meeting your best friend while you studied/were studying in High School?

5 I saw/was seeing you on the bus yesterday. You sat/were sitting at the back with your

friend Tim.

6 As soon as I walked/was walking into the office, Kelly handed/was handing me the letter.

7 Her grandfather was very angry with her because she listened/was listening to music

while she did/was doing her homework.

8 Why didn’t they visit/weren’t they visiting me when they came/were coming to my city?

9 As he passed/was passing the station, a man in a hurry knocked/was knocking him

onto the ground.

10 What did you type/were you typing when your computer crashed/was crashing? 6 A holiday in Hainan Write the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Continuous. Last year, I (1) __________________ (decide) to go on holiday to the island of Hainan.

On the afternoon I (2) ______________ (leave) my hometown it (3) _______________

(rain), but when I (4) _________________ (land) in Hainan, the sun (5) ____________

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(shine) and a lovely, warm breeze (6) _____________________ (blow) from the sea. I

(7) _____________ (take) a taxi to my hotel. As I (8) __________________ (sign) the

register, someone (9) _____________ (tap) me on the shoulder. I (10) _______________

(not can) believe my eyes! It was my old boyfriend. He (11) __________________ (stay)

at the same hotel. The next day, we (12) ______________ (go) for a walk together on the

beach and we (13) ____________ (see) hundreds of beautiful shells. It (14) ___________

(get) dark when we (15) _____________ (return) to our hotel after a very interesting day.

We (16) _______________ (spend) the rest of the week together; it was very romantic.

We (17) ______________ (feel) very sad when the holiday (18) ______________ (end).

7 What did they do? What were they doing? Read these news stories and answer the questions. 1 What was Billy doing when he saw the accident?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 What did Billy do when he saw the accident?

_____________________________________________________________________

Boy saves man’s life Thirteen-year-old Billy Stone was cycling home from school at around 5.30 in the evening when he saw a green van, driven by Kenji Ota, crash into a fence. Without thinking of his own safety, Billy pulled the man out of the van and called an ambulance. Mr Ota is making good progress in hospital.

Disabled man wins lottery

Disabled office worker, Li Nan Jing, received a very pleasant surprise last night. He was at home with his family when a man from the lottery came to his house to inform him that he had won $300,000. He immediately gave his wife and son a big hug. Mr Li plans to spend some of the money on a new wheelchair for himself and a car for his wife.

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3 What was Mr Li doing when he heard the good news?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What did Mr Li do when he heard the good news?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 What was happening in the bank when the robbers burst in?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 What happened to Mrs Fong when the robbers burst in?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Write the news Look at these headlines. Write short news stories for each one.

Man bites dog

SHOCK FOR BANK CUSTOMERS

Customers in the KBS BANK, Hong Kong, received a terrible

shock yesterday. People were standing in queues waiting to be

served when two masked robbers burst into the bank. Seventy-

year-old Mrs Fong Mei Lin suffered a heart attack and was

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6 hurt in car crash

Girl, 8, goes to university

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Woman give birth to quads

Man finds million-dollar treasure

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9 Giving the news Share your news stories with the class.

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Unit 3: C 1 Comparing sentences Look at these sentences. Which tense is used in the first two sentences? I met Tommy in May 2003. I met Tommy again last week. I saw Tommy last week. I had met him before. What does the last sentence show? 2 Past Perfect The last sentence above uses the Past Perfect tense.

I had met him before. I knew what would happen in the film. I had seen it before. 3 Past Perfect

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We form the Past Perfect like this. I had met her before. We hadn’t finished our work 2 We form the Past Perfect questions like this.

Where had you met her before? Why hadn’t you finished your work?

3 We use the Past Perfect to show one action in the past happened before another

action in the past. When I got to the station, the train had left. (second action) (first action) I didn’t want to watch because I’d seen it before. (second action) (first action)

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World’s largest ice 'Father Christmas' built in China Adapted from wikinews 26 Dec 2008

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_Snow_World.jpg by Lin Yang

The world’s largest Santa Claus ice sculpture has been built in China for the upcoming 25th International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival in Heilongjiang Province. In Harbin, city ice sculptors and organizers are building the giant Father Christmas, a 160 meters (525 ft) long and 24 meters high sculpture. It centers on an enormous face of Santa, complete with flowing beard and hat.

Tang Guangjun, one of the sculptors, complained that the weather had changed due to global warming , making it more and more difficult. Regarding the snowman, he said, "it is even bigger and higher than last year's, and more difficult. The weather had been swinging between warm and cold even before we started. The ice was very wet and slippery. It was very dangerous for us." The huge size and unseasonably warm temperatures made the job especially challenging. Before they finished carving it, it had melted away. Organizers even have to use artificial snow to make up for the lack of snow.

Underline all the past perfect tenses in the passage. How is the past perfect tense used?

4 Past participles Some past participles are regular and some are irregular. regular verb regular past participles cook cooked fill filled walk walked

irregular verb irregular past participles make made

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teach taught speak spoken

5 Irregular verbs Complete this table with the missing verb forms.

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle grew

leave fallen

find sold

feel drove

fly left forgot

wake won

spend 6 Sentence Completion Complete these sentences using the ideas in brackets and a verb in the Past Perfect.

Example I was sad because I … (lost/money/gambling) I was sad because I had lost all my money gambling. 1 Thura was angry … (oversleep and miss the train)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2 Mario was very disappointed with his son. He … (send/good school; but he/not do

any work; fail/exams)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

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3 Chee Yang was sent to prison for five years. He … (steal money/boss; spend/drugs)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

4 Mr Tan was very nervous as I waited for the plane. He… (never/fly/before)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

5 Jenny wanted a new job. She … (be/same/work/fifteen years)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

6 I didn’t know her name, but her face was familiar. I knew… (see/somewhere/before)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

7 Malik was a multi-millionaire, but he … (not always/be/rich)

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

7 While, during and for (1)

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8 While, during and for (2) Put while, during or for into the gaps in these sentences. 1 My grandfather slept _________________ the film.

2 The phone rang ________________ I was having dinner.

3 She lived in Manila ________________several years.

4 _______________ I was in Vietnam, I made a lot of friends.

5 Her grandfather was in hospital ________________ two months.

6 _______________ his stay in hospital, the nurses looked after him well.

7 The flight from Tokyo to London lasts ____________ thirteen hours.

8 I hurt my ankle ______________ I was jogging yesterday.

9 The player hurt his leg ______________ the first half of the match.

10 Traffic is always slow ______________ the rush hour.

11 My neighbour came round _____________ we were eating.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 While is a conjunction. It shows two or more actions happen at the same time.

While I was getting dressed, Tom made some coffee. I met my best friend while we were in high school.

2 During is a preposition. It is followed by a noun. It shows when something happened in a period of time.

I had to talk to the teacher during the lesson. May I speak to you during the break? We cannot use during with a period of time. *We talked during ten minutes. *We’re on holiday during two weeks.

3 For is a preposition. It is followed by a noun. It shows how long something continues.

We talked for ten minutes. We’re going on holiday for two weeks.

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12 The flight was delayed ____________ three hours.

13 My neighbour came round _____________ the meal.

9 Prepositions in, at, and on for time

10 Using in, at, and on for time Put at, in, on or nothing into the gaps in these sentences. 1 ‘It’s my birthday ___________ next week.’

‘When?’

‘______________ Friday.’

‘______________ what time were you born?’

‘____________ 7.30 _____________ the evening.’

2 ‘I’ m meeting Li Lin __________ this morning.’

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use at for times and with some time expressions.

at 9.00 at noon at lunchtime at the weekend at Christmas at the same time at the moment at the age of 10

2 We use on for days and dates. on Monday on Monday morning on 15 June on Monday evening

3 We use in for longer periods such as months, years and seasons. in May in 1995 in spring in the twentieth century

4 We do not use a preposition before tomorrow, yesterday, last, next or this.

What did you do last Thursday night? I’ll see you next Monday.

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‘What time?’

‘___________ 10.30’

3 ‘What did you do ____________ the weekend?’

‘__________ Friday evening we went to see a film. We slept until 11.00 _________ Saturday morning, and then ______ the afternoon we went for a walk. ___________ 7.30 some friends came round for a meal. We just relaxed __________ Sunday.’

4 I learned to drive ___________ 2001 ___________ the age of 22. My sister learned

____________ the same time as me, but she failed her first test. 5 I’ll ring you ____________ next week. _________ Friday, maybe. _________ the

morning. _________ about 9.00. Okay? 11 Talking about art and literature Discuss these questions. 1 What kind of books do you like to read? 2 What kind of plays or films do you like to watch? 3 What sort of pictures do you like to look at? Why? 4 Have you been to any art galleries? What did you see? 5 Do you have a favourite writer? Why? 6 Do you have a favourite artist? Why? 12 Using nouns to talk about art and literature Write these nouns in the correct column below.

painter author brush novel

exhibition fairy tale act sketch

picture play art gallery biography

masterpiece poem sculpture novelist

chapter thriller sculptor poet

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art literature

13 Using verbs to talk about art and literature Which of the nouns in Activity 12 go with these verbs? 1 read read a poem, read __________________________________

2 write ____________________________________________________________

3 paint ____________________________________________________________

4 draw ____________________________________________________________

5 go to ____________________________________________________________

14 Reading Comprehension

Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang

Pre-Reading Activity:

In one minute, share with the class one aspect of your country’s art or culture.

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wayang_Pandawa.jpg by Gunkhata

Indonesian Puppet Play: Wayang Kulit

Wayang kulit, shadow puppets prevalent in Java and Bali in Indonesia, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesian wayang. Kulit means skin, and refers to the leather construction of the puppets that are carefully chiseled with very fine tools and supported with carefully shaped buffalo horn handles and control rods. The stories are usually drawn from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or the Serat Menak.

There is a family of characters in Javanese wayang called Punakawan; they are sometimes referred to as "clown-servants" because they normally are associated with the story's hero, and provide humorous and philosophical interludes. Semar is the father of Gareng (oldest son), Petruk, and Bagong (youngest son). These characters did not originate in the Hindu epics, but were added later, possibly to introduce mystical aspects of Islam into the Hindu-Javanese stories. They provide something akin to a political cabaret, dealing with gossip and contemporary affairs.

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The puppets figures themselves vary from place to place. In Central Java the city of Surakarta (Solo) is most famous and is the most commonly imitated style of puppets. Bali produces more compact and naturalistic figures, and Lombok has figures representing real people. Often modern-world objects as bicycles, automobiles, airplanes and ships will be added for comic effect, but for the most part the traditional puppet designs have changed little in the last 300 years.

Historically, the performance consisted of shadows cast on a cotton screen and an oil lamp. Today, the source of light used in wayang performance in Java is most often a halogen electric light. Some modern forms of wayang such as Wayang Sandosa created in the Art Academy at Surakarta (STSI) employs spotlights, colored lights and other innovations.

After the performance, children would often want to take something home from it. They would buy puppet replicas of the characters. Less expensive puppets made from cardboard are often sold to them.

Answer the following questions:

1. How do ‘clown-servants’ make a show more interesting? 2. How did the introduction of Islam into Indonesia change Wayang Kulit? 3. What is so special about the puppets made in Surakata? 4. Why are modern objects like planes and cars out of place in a Wayang Kulit play? 5. Why do you think puppets sold to children are made of cardboard instead of

leather?

Listening for Chronology: How to make a puppet

Listen to your teacher read this part. Label the number e.g. 1 for the first step on the space next to the answer.

______________ outlining the model

______________ painting the puppet

______________ inspecting the structure

______________ making a master model

______________ smoothing the puppet with a glass bottle

______________ mounting the movable parts like hands and legs

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15 Using nouns and verbs to talk about art and literature Complete these sentences with suitable nouns and verbs. 1 Shakespeare _______________ many well-known plays and __________________.

2 I couldn’t sleep until I’d _______________ the last _______________ of my book.

3 I enjoy ____________ about peoples’ lives so I buy ______________________.

4 ‘Once upon a time’ is how most ________________________ begin.

5 She ___________________ a simple __________________ of the riverside.

6 We __________________ an ___________________ of Da Vinci’s paintings.

16 Talking about books and films Do you have a favourite book or film? Why do you like it? In threes, tell your classmates. 17 Making notes Write some notes about a book or film that you like. Use these questions to help you. When you have finished, discuss your notes with a partner. What’s it called?

________________________________________________________________________

Who are the main characters?

________________________________________________________________________

Who wrote it?

________________________________________________________________________

My favourite film is…

Why do you like it?

I like because…

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Where does it take place?

________________________________________________________________________

Who directed it? (film)

________________________________________________________________________

What’s it about?

________________________________________________________________________

Who starred in it? (film)

________________________________________________________________________

Why do you like it?

________________________________________________________________________

18 Writing and Role-Play Get into groups of 3-5 students and do the following: Write out a scene from a book or film. It can be imaginary or adapted. Role-Play the scene complete with appropriate dialogues for the class.

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Unit 3: D Listen to the short passage read by your teacher and answer the following short questions: 1. What are the things you have a choice? 2. What are the things you do not have a choice in? 1 Comparing sentences Which of these sentences have the same meaning? We can park our car here.

We are allowed to park our car here.

We have to park our car here.

We may park our car here.

What is the difference in meaning with the other sentence? 2 Permission and obligation

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Can, may and be allowed to show permission. I can bring my laptop to school. I can’t bring my dog to school. Can I bring my dog to school? We may sit there. We may not sit there. May we sit there? We are allowed to talk in class. We aren’t allowed to talk in the exam. Are we allowed to talk in class? 2 Have to and have got to show obligation. Usually we use them talk about rules,

laws and important actions. Children have to go to school. I have got to see the dentist tomorrow. Have I got to see the dentist tomorrow? I don’t have to go to work on Sunday. Children haven’t got to go to school in the holidays. Do I have to go to work on Sunday?

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3 Talking about permission and obligation Rewrite these sentences in the negative form and as questions. Example You have to show your identification. You don’t have to show your identification. Do you have to show your identification? 1 You have to wear a uniform.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2 She has to work at the weekend.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3 You may drink water in the classroom.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 They can swim here.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5 We are allowed to use a dictionary in the exam.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6 We have to be home by 11 p.m.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7 She has got to visit her mother in hospital.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 Talking about your obligations

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Look at the table. Make some true sentences about you and your family.

Example I don’t have to do the washing-up. A B C I My parents My mother My father My sister My brother My grandparents My husband/wife

have to has to don’t have to doesn’t have to had to didn’t have to

go to work. get up early. go shopping. clean my room. do the cooking. take out the rubbish. do the washing. do the washing-up.

Compare your sentences with your partner’s sentences. 5 Talking about obligation with have to Complete these sentences with a suitable form of have to. Example I’m having to work very hard because I have an exam next week. 1 My father’s a policeman so he always _________________ wear a uniform at work,

but my mother’s an office worker so she __________________________wear one.

2 When I was a teenager, I ______________________ be home by 9 p.m.

3 I can’t read these small words. I think I _________________ wear glasses soon.

4 I don’t like _____________________________ get up early every morning.

5 ____________ we _____________ buy any new books before we go back to school?

6 We ___________________ sell our car because we needed some money.

7 You ______________________ marry him if you don’t want to.

8 I failed my exam, so I ___________________ take it again. 6 What is allowed? Think of some things that you are allowed to do or not allowed to do in the following places. Example a school You are not allowed to cheat in exams.

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You are allowed to help your classmates. 1 a hospital

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2 a museum

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 a swimming pool

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 a park

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 an art gallery

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 a cafe

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 a cinema

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 7 Talking about obligation with have to and have got to Work with a partner to write sentences about the obligations of students who want to study in this school. 1 _____________________________________________________________________

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2 _____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________________________________

8 _____________________________________________________________________

8 Talking about the rules of a country (1) Look at these rules for people who live in Singapore. What do you think about them? In Singapore…

you can get married when you’re 18. you can’t drink alcohol until you’re 21. you have to wear a seat-belt in a car. you can vote when you’re 21. young men have to do military service. you have to carry your identification card. you aren’t allowed to smoke in public places.

Are the rules the same in your country? Which ones are different? Discuss with your classmates. 9 Group Work –Role-Play: Mock Elections (2) You are a politician. In order to get the votes, you must convince your citizens to vote for you.

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Work in a group. You are the leaders of a country. Make a list of fifteen rules that people have to follow in your country. Give a reason for each rule. Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4 Rule 5 Rule 6

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Rule 7 Rule 8 Rule 9 Rule 10

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Rule 11 Rule 12 Rule 13 Rule 14 Rule 15 10 Role-Play an election speech and present your rules to the class

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Unit 4: A 1 Can and be able to GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Can and be able to show ability.

I can ride a bike. He can’t ride a bike. Can he ride a bike? I am able to ride a bike. He isn’t able to ride a bike. Is he able to ride a bike?

2 We use be able to in some ways that we do not use can. I’d love to be able to go to England. (infinitive) I like being able to speak English. (-ing form)

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2 Talking about ability (1) Complete the sentences with a suitable form of can, could, or be able to. Some of the sentences are negative. Example I can’t cook because we have no gas. I won’t be able to attend the meeting. 1 Sorry, what did you say? I __________________ hear you.

2 I left my dictionary at home, so you _________________ borrow it.

3 I’d love ______________________ go to your party, but I can’t. I’m too busy.

I have never been able to swim. (Present Perfect) He will be able to see you on Monday. (Future)

3 Could shows general ability in the past. I could ride a bike when I was six. I could write when I was four.

4 We use could with senses (see, hear, smell, taste, feel) and thinking verbs (understand, remember). I could hear someone crying. We could understand why she was angry.

5 Couldn’t shows negative ability in the past. He couldn’t ride a bike until he was 15. I couldn’t find my keys.

6 We use was able to or managed to to show an ability on an occasion in the past.

He managed to pass the difficult exam. He was able to pass the difficult exam. She managed to find her keys. She was able to find her keys.

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4 I _____________________ get into my car. I’d lost my keys.

5 He _______________________ until he was four years old.

6 I’m learning Thai because I want _____________________ speak to people when

I’m in Bangkok.

7 The doctor says I ________________ go back to work next week.

8 I _______________ use the computer because it was broken.

9 I’m sorry, but I _______________________ come to your picnic.

10 I love English! __________________________ speak it has changed my life.

3 Talking about ability (2) Complete these sentences with could, couldn’t, or manage to. Example I phoned the fire brigade because I could smell smoke.

1 After a lot of hard work, Hadi _________________________ pass his exams.

2 I called you this morning, but I _______________ get an answer. Where were you?

3 Cindy and Eddy were arguing and I __________________ hear every word they said.

4 ____________________ you speak English before you moved to Liverpool?

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5 I was so ill I _________________________ get out of bed.

6 _______________ you ___________________ buy all the things you wanted?

7 The police _________________________ find the thief.

8 He had lived in many countries and he ______________________ speak five

languages.

9 We _____________________ see for miles from the top of the hill.

10 I _____________________ fix my computer by following the instructions in the

manual.

4 What can you do now? Write a paragraph to say what you can and cannot do, are able to and not able to do now.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5 What could you do? Write a paragraph to say what you could and could not do, were able to and not able to do when you were a child. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 6 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference between the first and second sentence in each pair? Study harder. You should study harder. Do your work. You ought to do your work. Practise more. You must practise more. 7 Giving advice and making suggestions The first sentence in each pair above gives a command. The second sentence in each pair gives advice or makes a suggestion.

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8 Should, ought to, must

9 Giving advice with should Give advice to people in the following situations. Use should or shouldn’t. 1 My twenty-five-year-old son just stays at home all day playing computer games.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 My motorbike keeps breaking down.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I just can’t get to sleep at night.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Since my grandfather died, my grandmother has lost interest in everything.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 I’m not happy in my job.

_____________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use should and ought to to give advice and make suggestions. He should take the exam. He shouldn’t take the exam. He ought to study harder. He ought not to play so much. 2 We use must to give strong advice or show obligation. He must improve his grades. He must pay his school fees. 3 We use should and must to ask for advice. Should I take the exam? Must I study so hard?

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6 I think my boyfriend might be seeing another girl.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 I get bad stomach ache when I eat spicy food.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 I love my boyfriend, but his feet smell so bad.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 My wife enjoys cooking, but her food always tastes horrible.

_____________________________________________________________________

10 Sometimes learning English is so difficult for me.

_____________________________________________________________________ 10 Pair Work- Giving advice with should and ought to Imagine a new student is joining the class. Write sentences advising her on what she should/ought to do and should not/ought not to do. 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 7 _____________________________________________________________________ 8 _____________________________________________________________________ 11 Giving advice about going on holiday (1) Match an item in A, with a sentence in B, to make more suggestions. Start the sentences in A with I think/don’t think we should…

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A B 1 … buy some guidebooks. 2 … take plenty of sun block. 3 … pack too many things. 4 … take anything valuable. 5 … go to Sydney first. 6 … go anywhere dangerous. 7 … take some medicines.

Our bags will be too heavy to carry. I have some friends there. We might get sick. We don’t want to get burnt. We don’t want to get hurt. They’ll give us a lot of information. It might get lost or stolen.

12 Pair Work: Giving advice about going on holiday – The Silk Road Listen to the recording and give the appropriate advice to someone going on the Silk Road. Write your advice below: 1.______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 13 Giving advice with think/don’t think…should Give advice to people in the following situations. Use think/don’t think…should.

Example Prem’s got a high fever. I think he should go to bed. I don’t think he should go to work.

1 Mr Bing smokes 35 cigarettes every day.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

I think you should… I don’t think you should…

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2 I’ve lost my wallet and hand phone.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 3 Frankie got his driving licence yesterday, and he wants to drive from Shanghai to

Beijing tomorrow.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 4 My teenage son doesn’t get out of bed until noon.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 5 I never have enough money.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 6 Jenny is only 16, but she wants to go abroad to study.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ 7 My parents work too hard. They are always tired.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ Do you have any problems you want to talk about? Ask your classmates for advice.

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Unit 4: B 1 mustn’t and don’t have to

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use mustn’t to show negative obligation. It is important not to do something. You mustn’t cheat in exams. You mustn’t drink and drive. You mustn’t smoke on the plane. 2 We use don’t have to to show there is no obligation. It is not necessary to do

something. You don’t have to get married. You don’t have to speak English in China. You don’t have to be friends with everyone.

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2 Using mustn’t and don’t have to Choose the correct verb form: mustn’t/don’t have to Example I have a lot of work to do. I mustn’t/don’t have to be late. 1 You mustn’t/don’t have to tell anyone what I told you. It’s a secret. 2 The exhibition is free. You mustn’t/don’t have to pay to get in. 3 We mustn’t/don’t have to tell lies. It’s not honest. 4 Aminah is a very wealthy woman. She mustn’t/doesn’t have to go to work. 5 I mustn’t/don’t have to do any cooking. My mother does it all. 6 We mustn’t/don’t have to hurry. We’ve got plenty of time. 7 You mustn’t/don’t have to play with knives. They’re dangerous. 8 My father gave me this pen. You can borrow it, but you mustn’t/don’t have to lose it. 9 You can come with me if you want, but you mustn’t/don’t have to. 3 Talking about rules Imagine you are the manager of a school. Write a message to your students telling them about changes to some of the rules in your school.

Examples Before, students didn’t have to sign in. Now students must sign in when they come to class.

Previously, students had to pay for books. Now you don’t have to pay for books.

1 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

3 We use don’t have to to show you have a choice. You can do something if you

want. I don’t have to learn English, but I want to. I don’t have to cook, but I help my mother. I don’t have to go jogging, but I enjoy it.

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2 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4 Checking for errors Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 Do you can help me?

2 What time have you to start school?

3 We no allowed to wear jeans at work.

4 He no can do what he wants.

5 My father have to work very hard every day.

6 You no should smoke. It’s bad for you.

7 Passengers on the train must to have a ticket.

5 Giving advice about your country What advice would you give somebody coming to live and work in your country?

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1 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6 Listening Practice Listen to someone giving advice about the rules for visiting his country. He makes 16 points. Listen carefully and make notes on what he says. 1 __________________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________________

3 __________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

6 __________________________________________________________________

7 __________________________________________________________________

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8 __________________________________________________________________

9 __________________________________________________________________

10 __________________________________________________________________

11 __________________________________________________________________

12 __________________________________________________________________

13 __________________________________________________________________

14 __________________________________________________________________

15 __________________________________________________________________

16 __________________________________________________________________

7 Comparing sentences (1) Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning?

Can you cook? Can you cook dinner, please?

Can you read? Can you read the question to me?

The first sentence in each pair asks about ability. The second sentence in each pair asks someone to do something. These are requests. 8 Comparing sentences (2) Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning? I will see you on Monday. I will help you with your homework. I shall make some tea. Shall I make some tea? The first sentence in each pair talks about intention. The second sentence in each pair suggests help. These are offers. 9 Requests and offers

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10 Making requests Write requests for the following situations. 1 Ask someone to lend you a pen.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Ask a friend to buy lunch for you.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Ask someone to meet you.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Ask for someone’s phone number.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Ask a friend for help.

_____________________________________________________________________

11 Making offers Make offers with I’ll for these situations. Example It’s so hot in here! I’ll open the window.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use can, could, will and would to make requests. This means we ask someone

to do something. Can you finish your homework by Friday? Could you meet me later? Will you help me with this problem? Would you check my answers, please? 2 We use will, shall and should to make offers. This means we want to help

someone. I will carry the bags for you. Shall I carry your bags? Should I make dinner tonight?

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1 I’m really thirsty.

_____________________________________________________________________ 2 There’s someone at the door.

_____________________________________________________________________ 3 I haven’t got any cash.

_____________________________________________________________________ 4 I need to be at the airport by 10 o’clock.

_____________________________________________________________________ 5 These boxes are so heavy!

_____________________________________________________________________

12 Making requests and offers (1) Match a sentence in A with another one in B. Who is talking? Where do you think they are talking?

A B 1 Could you bring us the menu, please? 2 Would you give me your office

number, please? 3 Can I help you? 4 Two cups of coffee, please. 5 Can you tell me the meaning of this word, please? 6 I’ll give you a lift if you like. 7 Would you mind opening the window? 8 Could I have extension 978, please?

White or black? No problem. It’s very hot in here. Of course. Shall I give you my home number, too? That line’s engaged. Would you like to hold? Yes, Madam. I’ll bring it right away. One moment. I’ll look in the dictionary. Just looking, thanks. That would be great! Could you drop me off at the supermarket?

13 Making requests and offers (2) Work with a partner. Make conversations with requests and offers using the ideas in the table.

Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Student A You are a customer in a restaurant.

Student A You are moving house next week.

Student A You are cooking a meal for 10 people.

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Student B You are a waiter/waitress.

Student B Offer to help. Student B Offer to help.

Use these words: table near the door menu order clean spoon dessert bring the bill

Use these words: pack boxes load the lorry clean look after the pets carry the furniture unload the lorry

Use these words: prepare the vegetables make the salad stir the sauce check the fish lay the table wash the dishes

14 Making conversations Work with a partner to create some situations with requests and offers. Act your conversation to the class.

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Unit 4: C 1 Positives and negatives (1) Look at these sentences. Which ones show good things (positives) and which ones show bad things (negatives)? The spelling of English words is confusing sometimes.

It’s difficult to practise speaking English.

Knowing English can help you to communicate with the world.

English grammar isn’t easy to learn.

English is a useful language.

Learning English is enjoyable.

Learning English takes a lot of effort.

We also call the positive things pros and the negative things cons. 2 Role-Play: Positives and negatives (2) In threes, role-play the following scenario. Father and Mother think that learning English is a good idea and are trying to convince Yong-Ming to learn English. Yong-Ming refuses and tries to convince his parents that learning English is a bad idea. Think of the pros and cons of learning English and design a dialogue between Yong-Ming and his parents. 3 Positives and negatives (3) Here is a list of pros and cons of being a child. Put them in the correct column in the table.

are never given enough pocket money don’t have to cook and clean don’t have to go to work need to ask your parents’ permission

have long school holidays don’t have to pay bills have to go to school Monday to Friday cheaper to do things

can go out to play with friends have to do homework and take exams

Pros Cons

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Now add some more pros and cons to the table. 4 Pros and cons Write a list of pros and cons for one of these topics.

1 Studying overseas 2 Having a university degree 3 Getting married at a young age 4 Having a small family

Pros Cons

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5 Talking about pros and cons (1) Match the items in A with words and phrases of similar meaning in B. Use your dictionary to check any words you don’t know.

A B In my opinion, One advantage is that For instance One disadvantage is that pros and cons All things considered Finally In conclusion In fact, Another point is that Moreover

advantage and disadvantages On the plus side For example On top of that All in all For one thing What is more Last of all The reality is that To sum up I think that

6 Talking about pros and cons (2)

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Look at the list of topics below. Work with a partner to choose one topic and prepare notes for the pros and cons.

No family should have more than two children.

People should not be allowed to marry more than once.

All children should learn a musical instrument. 7 Presenting your pros and cons Present your ideas to the class. What do other people think of your ideas? 8 Writing about pros and cons Use your ideas from Activity 4 and some of the items in Activity 5 to write a summary about 200 words on your topic.

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Unit 4: D 1 Will and going to

2 Using will and going to (1) Match a sentence in A with a sentence in B. Underline the verb forms that refer to the future.

A B 1 The phone’s ringing.

2 Look at the grey sky!

3 What are you doing tonight?

4 I’m sick and tired of this rain!

5 Where are you going on holiday?

I think it’s going to rain.

Don’t worry! It’ll stop soon.

We’re going to visit Japan.

I’ll get it.

I’m staying at home. I’m going to study.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use will to talk about decisions, intentions and offers made at the time of

speaking. I’ll have some noodles. I’ll see you later. I’ll cook dinner tonight. 2 We use going to to talk about decisions, intentions and plans made before the time

of speaking. I’m going to be a pilot. Ken and Lily are going to get married. We’re going to buy a car. 3 We use will and going to to talk about a fact in the future and to make predictions. The sky is blue. It isn’t going to rain. He studies hard. He’s going to pass his exams.

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3 Using will and going to (2) Underline the correct verb form in these sentences. 1 ‘Why are you putting on your shoes?’

‘Because I’ll take / I’m going to take the children for a walk.’ 2 ‘Would you like to go out for a meal tonight?’

‘How about Thursday night? I’ll call / I’m calling you.’ 3 ‘What’s the score?’

‘7 – 0. They’re going to win / They’ll win.’ 4 ‘It’s Nicky’s birthday next week.’

‘Is it? I didn’t know. I’ll send / I’m going to send him a card.’ 5 ‘Are you and Deena still going out together?’

‘Oh yes, we’ll get / we’re getting married in May.’ 6 ‘Where are you going on your honeymoon?’

‘We will go / We’re going to Bali.’ 4 Using will and going to (3) Work with a partner to ask and answer questions with will and going to.

What are you doing after class?

What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

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5 Will or going to? Complete the dialogues with a form of will or going to and any other necessary words. Sometimes both are possible. Example ‘Why are you wearing your old clothes?’ ‘I’m going to paint my room.’ 1 ‘I’ve got a stomach ache. Have you got any medicine?’

‘Yes. It’s in the bathroom. I ________________________ it for you.’

2 ‘Don’t forget to tell me if I can help you.’

‘Thank you. I ________________________ call you if I need anything.’

3 ‘Why are you making sandwiches?’

‘Because we ___________________________ a picnic this afternoon.’

‘What a great idea! I __________________ some drinks.’

4 ‘I’m going now! Bye!’

‘Bye! What time ____________ you ____________ back?’

‘I don’t know. I ___________________ ring you later.’

5 ‘Who do you think _____________________ win the match?’

‘The Brazil ___________________ win, definitely.’

6 ‘You still owe me $20. Have you forgotten?’

‘I’m sorry. Yes, I’d forgotten. I _______________________ back next week.’

7 ‘Do you like the scarf I bought Padma for her birthday?’

‘ Yes. I’m sure she __________________________.’

‘What _______________ you _________________ do for her birthday?’

‘We’re going out for a meal.’

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6 What do you think will happen? Make sentences using I think…will and the items in A. Match them with a sentence in B.

A B 1 Tom/win the game 2 it/be a nice day tomorrow 3 I/pass my exam 4 you/like the book 5 we/get to the station in time 6 you/get the job

But we’d better leave now. He’s been playing really well recently. The forecast is for clear skies. You have good qualifications and lots of talent. It’s a great story, and the characters are excellent. I’ve been studying very hard.

1 I think Tom will win the game. He’s been playing really well recently. 2 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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7 Using will and won’t Complete the sentences using will or won’t and any other necessary words. Example Mei Ling studies every day. I’ m sure she’ll pass the exams. 1 If you’re sick, go to bed and rest. I’m sure you __________________________ soon.

2 Ask the teacher if you have problems. I’m sure __________________________ you.

3 My grandmother is really mean. She ________________________________ money.

4 You don’t need your umbrella today. I don’t think ___________________________ .

5 My computer keeps crashing. I think I _________________________________ soon.

6 Don’t walk in the rain for too long. You____________________________________.

7 Don’t eat in that restaurant. I’m sure you __________________________________ .

8 It’s my exam soon, but I know I _____________________ . I haven’t studied enough.

8 Future of your country What will your country be like fifty years from now? Write sentences using will and won’t to talk about the future of your country. Then share your ideas with the class. 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 7 _____________________________________________________________________ 8 _____________________________________________________________________ 9 _____________________________________________________________________ 10 _____________________________________________________________________

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9 Reading Comprehension: The Haenyo of Korea (Sea Women)

Traditionally, Korean women have a lower status than men. They are the homemakers while the men are the breadwinners. In Jeju, things are the opposite. The women on this mysterious and quaint island hold sway: they are the head of the household because they earn more money than the men. These women are the Haenyo. They are the divers who braved the sea by diving in without any safety or diving equipment to harvest the treasures of the seabed. Pearls, abalone and sea cucumber are all part of the Haenyo’s catch.

Respected not only for the ability to generate wealth, they are also admired for the toughness and endurance developed from risking their lives in the sea. Haenyo are skilled divers who are known to be able to hold their breath for more than two minutes and dive to depths of 20 meters. They are trained from young and the skill is passed on only from mother to daughter. Besides learning the right technique, the Haenyo develops their skill by sheer hard work – diving. Most divers start learning the trade before their teenage and dive throughout their lives. They dive in all seasons, both natural and personal: Haenyo’s are known to dive in winter and even when they are pregnant. Without the correct breathing techniques, divers could suffer from decompression sickness and other dive-related ailments. The divers must also contend with other dangers such as jelly fish and sharks.

It is said that women simply are more adapted for the job, with their bodies keeping them warmer and being more suited to swimming than a male - with more body fat and a lack of protruding external genitalia. Women are also better at withstanding high water pressure. With that, they often became "the head" of their family. On Mara Island, where

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sea products accounted for almost all sources of revenue before it became increasingly attractive as a tourist site, gender roles were entirely reversed. Often men would look after the children and go shopping while the women would bring in money for the family. Starting from the late 1970s, exports of sea products to Japan such as abalone and conch have made the sea women richer than ever, allowing them to fix their houses, build new ones in Jeju City and send their daughters to college.

However, there is a threat to the Haenyo's continued success. Over-fishing, pollution and modernisation threaten the historical role of the Haenyo. Over-fishing and pollution had reduced the amount of catch available while modernisation brought tourism jobs, which are less hazardous than diving, to Jeju. With their daughters choosing to work in the island's tourism industry or in the big cities, the Haenyo will most likely disappear. While in 1950 there were as many as 30,000 Haenyo on the island, in 2003 there were only 5,650 sea women registered as divers, of whom 85% were over 50 years old. With the number of sea women declining and with tourism giving Jeju men more opportunities, it is unclear what will happen to their daughters' status in their communities and home, though it is unlikely that the matriarchal family structures will continue to survive.

Complete the chart below: Use not more than 3 words for each answer

Cause Effect In Jeju, women earn more

_____________________________

They become the head of the family.

They endure the dangers of the sea.

They are ______________.

They have no proper diving equipment.

They could ___________________

______________ made the Haenyo rich in the 1970s.

Haenyos could provide __________________ for their families.

Increased in tourism in Jeju led to prosperity.

Less and less ________________ want to follow in their mother’s footsteps to become Haenyo.

Summary Writing: Write a short summary highlighting why the Haenyo is so special.

Writing Exercise: Is there any traditional vocation that is slowly dying out in your country? Write a composition explaining why it is so.

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10 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. Which pair talks bout the present and which pair talks about the future? I will see the doctor at 1pm. I’m seeing the doctor at 1pm. The doctor said he will see me now. I’m seeing the doctor. 11 Using the Present Continuous for present and future actions The first pair of sentences shows a plan for the future. The second pair shows something that is happening in the present.

I’m seeing the doctor. I’m seeing the doctor at 1pm.

Both of these sentences use the Present Continuous tense. 12 Using the Present Continuous to talk about arrangements

13 Making arrangements Complete the conversations with the verbs in the Present Continuous. Use each of the verbs in the box once only.

invite stay come have make get book give travel deliver

A Can you keep a secret?

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use Present Continuous to talk about future arrangements. I’m meeting Enlai tomorrow. We’re taking an exam next week. Are we having fish for dinner? 2 Sometimes we can use the Present Continuous or going to to talk about future arrangements and intentions. They are getting married in May. They are going to get married in May.

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B Yes, of course. What is it?

A I (1) ____________________ a surprise party for Noor. Next Friday. It’s his twenty-

first birthday.

B A surprise party! That’ll be hard to plan without him knowing. Who (2) _________

you ___________________?

A All our friends, his friends from the office, all his family, even his two uncles from

Java. They (3) ________________ by plane on Thursday and they (4) ____________

in the Marriott Hotel.

B What about the food and drink? Where (5) ____________ you _________ that from?

A It’s all arranged. Fandi’s Restaurant (6) ______________ all kinds of food and drink

on Friday afternoon, and their chef (7) ____________ even _____________ a special

birthday cake.

B Fantastic! What (8) ___________ you ___________ Noor for his birthday? Have you

bought him a good present?

A Oh yes! I (9) _________________ a romantic holiday. A weekend for two in Phuket.

We (10) ___________________ by Thai Airways.

B That’s great. I can see that you are going to enjoy his birthday, too! Am I invited to

the party?

A Of course. But only if you keep it a secret!

14 Making plans Work with a partner to think of a reason to get together at the weekend. Then have a conversation to arrange a day, time and place to meet. When you have finished, tell the class when and where you’re meeting.

What are you doing this afternoon? I’m going jogging.

What are you doing on Sunday morning?

I might go shopping in town.

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We’re meeting on Friday evening at my house. We’re going… to…..

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Unit 5: A 1 make or do Which words and phrases go with make and which go with do? Write them in the correct boxes. Use a dictionary to help you.

the shopping

up your mind

a mess

a complaint

someone a favour

sure that

the housework

your bed

nothing

your best

money

a speech

business with

a profit

exercise

a noise

a call

friends with

the washing-up

love

progress

do your homework

make a mistake

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2 Using make and do Complete the sentences using one of the words and phrases in Activity 1 in the correct form. 1 May I use your phone? I have to ___________________________________.

2 My father’s office ___________________________ with many Japanese companies. 3 Prem is very lazy. He just sits and _______________________________ all day.

4 Ssh! You mustn’t _________________. There’s an exam in the next room.

5 Ali works hard. He always ___________________________________________ 6 We __________________________________ about the bad food in the restaurant. 7 Kenji is a millionaire. He has ___________________ a lot of __________________. 8 Could you __________________________ please? Could you lend me $5? 9 I have some lovely new classmates. I’ve already ____________________ with them. 10 I like to be strong and healthy, so I ______________________________ every day. 11 You should ________________________ that all the doors and windows are locked

before you leave your house. 12 There are a lot of dirty dishes. Could you please ____________________________?

13 The teacher said I’m ________________________ with my English. It’s improving. 14 The children ________________________. Their toys were all over the room. 15 There’s nothing in the fridge. We need to __________________________________. 16 What do you want to do? Please ____________________________________. 17 The boss is very happy because the company _____________ a big ______________. 18 Everyone listened to Wen Jie when he ___________________________ to the class. 19 I don’t like to _______________________________. I want everything to be correct.

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20 My house is very small, so I take only an hour to ___________________________. 3 Comparing sentences (1) Look at these of sentences. What does like mean in each sentence? He likes his grandfather.

He’s like his grandfather.

What’s his grandfather like?

What does his grandfather like?

4 Like

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use like as a verb to talk about things we enjoy. I like going fishing at the weekend. I like chatting with my friends. 2 We use like as a verb to talk about habits and usual activities. I like to have sugar in my tea. I like to wake up at 7.30. 3 We use like as a preposition to talk about similarity and comparison. He’s like his grandfather. She’s crying like a baby. 4 We also use like to ask for and give descriptions and impressions. What’s Singapore like? What’s her husband like? 5 We do not use like in an answer giving descriptions and impressions. What’s Singapore like? It’s small, clean and modern.

* It’s like small, clean and modern. 6 We do use like in an answer giving similarity and comparison. What’s Singapore like? It’s like Hong Kong, but smaller and quieter.

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5 Answering questions with like Write answers to these questions. 1 What do you like doing most in your English class?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Do you like working alone or with a partner?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 What’s your school like?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What are your classmates like?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 What is your spoken English like?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 What’s your teacher like?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Do you like writing or speaking more?

_____________________________________________________________________

9 What is your written English like?

_____________________________________________________________________

10 What do you like to do after class?

_____________________________________________________________________

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6 Asking questions with like Many people go to study in another country. Do you know anyone who has studied overseas? Danny and Nicky are talking about a new student. Complete the conversation using the questions in the box.

What does he like doing? How is he now? What’s he like? What does he look like? What would he like to do?

Danny Our student from Malaysia arrived on Tuesday. Nicky What’s his name? Danny Andy. Nicky (1) __________________________________________ Danny He’s really nice. I’m sure we’ll get on well. We seem to have a lot in

common. Nicky How do you know that already? (2) ________________________________ Danny Well, he likes computer games, and so do I. Also we both like listening to

the same kind of music. Nicky (3) __________________________________________ Danny Oh, he’s really handsome. He has big, brown eyes and he’s tall. Nicky Why don’t we do something with Andy this weekend? What should we do?

See a movie? Go swimming? (4) __________________________________ Danny I’ll ask him tonight. He was a bit homesick at first, so I’m pretty sure he’ll

want to go out and make some friends. Nicky (5) ___________________________________________ Danny Oh, he’s OK. He called his parents and he felt much better after he’d spoken

to them. Nicky Oh, that’s good. I can’t wait to meet him.

7 Understanding the questions Match the numbered questions in Activity 6 with these meanings. 1 Tell me about him because I don’t know anything about him. ___________

2 Tell me about his appearance. ___________

3 Tell me about his interests and hobbies. ___________

4 Tell me about his health or happiness. ___________

5 Tell me about his preferences for the weekend. ___________

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8 Using How…? to ask what something is like In activity 6, question (5) was How is he now? Look at other ways we can use this form.

9 Asking questions Work with a partner to ask and answer some How…? questions.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 We use How…? to ask about the condition of someone or something. How’s business? How’s the weather? 2 We use How…? to ask about someone’s feelings and opinions. How’s the lesson? How’s your new job? 3 We use How…? to ask about someone’s health and happiness. How’s your mother? How’s your family? 4 How..? or What…like? have the same meaning when we ask about the condition

of someone or something. How’s the weather? What’s the weather like? 5 Sometimes How..? or What…like? have different meanings. We use How..? to ask for opinion. How was the hotel? We use What…like? to ask for a description What was the hotel like?

How’s the food that your mother cooks?

How was your journey to school today?

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10 Writing questions Write suitable questions for these answers. Use What… like, Do…like, Would…like, Like…, How…, What/ who…look like Examples What’s the weather like? It’s really hot and dry. Do you like cooking? No, I don’t. I can’t even make toast. 1_____________________________________________________________________ ?

It’s tiring and the hours are so long. 7.30 a.m. until 6.00 p.m. I’m looking for another one.

2_____________________________________________________________________ ? Most people say I look like my father but I think I look more like my mother.

3_____________________________________________________________________ ? Oh, I was very ugly! But I looked better when I was at high school. 4______________________________________________________________________? Pepsi, please. I don’t like Coke. 5______________________________________________________________________? Yes, I love it. I play every weekend. 6_____________________________________________________________________ ? Yes, I’d love to. What time does the match start? 7______________________________________________________________________?

We’ve only had one week with him, but she seems very nice. He’s much nicer than my previous boss.

8______________________________________________________________________? We are all very well. Thanks for asking.

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11 Like and would like Match a sentence in A with a response in B.

12 Using like Complete these sentences about you. Then tell the class what you wrote. 1 I look like my….

_____________________________________________________________________ 2 After this lesson, I’d like to….

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I like my tea…..

_____________________________________________________________________

4 When I’m on holiday, I like….

_____________________________________________________________________

5 At the weekend, I like…

_____________________________________________________________________

A B

a I only like dark chocolate. I’d love one. I’m thirsty.

b Would you like a lift? I hate him.

c Would you like some more pizza? I’d love to. That’s very kind.

d Would you like a drink? I’d love some. It’s delicious.

e Don’t you like your boss? I don’t. I can’t stand it.

f I don’t like carrots. Nor would I.

g I wouldn’t like to work with him. Just relaxing.

h Would you like to come for a meal? Really? I love them.

i What do you like doing at the weekends? It’s OK. I’ll get the bus.

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13 Talking about you Ask and answer these questions with a partner. 1 What do you like doing during the holidays?

2 Who do you look like in your family?

3 What is your best friend like?

4 What’s your home like?

5 What does your neighbour look like?

14 Like and as

15 Using like and as Put as or like into the gaps in these sentences. 1 I’ll be back ____________ soon ___________ possible.

2 This tea tastes ________________ water!

3 I’ve known Suzy for years. She went to the same school _________ I did.

4 My brother’s a student, ________________ me.

5 What is your new teacher ________________?’

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 When like is used as preposition, it is followed by a noun. It means similar to/the

same as/for example. I look like my mother. I don’t like music like that.

2 As can also be used as a preposition followed by a noun. We use it to talk about a job, or use of a person or a thing. I worked as a waiter last year. We use this room as a study.

3 When as is used as a conjunction, it is followed by a subject and a verb. Do as the teacher says and you will pass the exam. As you know, the exam is tomorrow.

4 We also use as in comparison. My son is as tall as me. She studies in the same class as me.

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6 Who do I look _______________? My father, I think.

7 He really makes me angry. I can’t stand people ___________ him.

8 I’ll see you on Monday, _______________ usual.

9 I need to buy all sorts of things ____________ pens, pencils and paper.

10 My brother has found a job ________________ a sales assistant.

11 My father has a computer ________________ yours.

12 Don’t move anything. Leave everything ________________ it is.

16 What would you like? Complete these sentences using like, would like and as.

1 I’d like to be as clever __________________________________________________

2 I want to be good-looking _______________________________________________

3 My mother would like __________________________________________________

4 It would be nice to be as rich _____________________________________________

5 I wouldn’t want a dangerous job __________________________________________

6 I want a husband/wife __________________________________________________

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Unit 5: B

1 Talking about your favourite things Discuss these questions with your classmates. 1 What is your favourite food? Can you describe it? Why do you like it? 2 Who is your favourite person? Can you describe him/her? Why do you like that

person? 3 What is your favourite place? Can you describe it? Why do you like that place? 2 Talking about the world’s food Do you know any typical dishes from these countries? Discuss with your classmates.

Spain _____________________________________________________

Japan _____________________________________________________

Mexico _____________________________________________________

Italy _____________________________________________________

India _____________________________________________________

the USA _____________________________________________________

Malaysia _____________________________________________________

China _____________________________________________________

England _____________________________________________________

Thailand _____________________________________________________

Can you think of any foods that might be popular in many countries in the world?

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3 Reading Comprehension: Sushi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2007feb-sushi-odaiba-manytypes.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edomaenigiri.jpg

In Japan, and increasingly abroad, conveyor belt sushi/sushi train (kaiten zushi) restaurants are a popular, cost effective way of eating sushi. At these restaurants, the sushi is served on color-coded plates, with each color denoting the cost of the sushi serving. The plates are placed on a conveyor belt or boats floating in a moat. As the belt or boat passes, the customers choose their desired plates. After finishing, the bill is tallied by counting how many plates of each color have been taken. Some kaiten sushi restaurants in Japan operate on a fixed price system, with each plate, consisting usually of two pieces of sushi, generally costing between ¥100 and ¥200.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sushichef.jpg

More traditionally, sushi is served on minimalist Japanese-style, geometric, wood or lacquer plates which are mono- or duo-tone in color, in keeping with the aesthetic qualities of this cuisine. Many small sushi restaurants actually use no plates — the sushi is eaten directly off of the wooden counter, usually with one's hands. Sushi can be eaten

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either by hand or using chopsticks, although traditionally sushi is eaten with the fingers because the rice is packed loosely so as to fall apart in one's mouth, and would disintegrate on chopsticks. Condiments (soy sauce, wasabi, and pickled ginger) are used as desired, though one connoisseur counsels, "adding wasabi to soy sauce is a disaster. It reduces the spiciness dramatically and masks the taste of the fish

Modern fusion presentation has given sushi a European sensibility, taking Japanese minimalism and garnishing it with Western gestures such as the colorful arrangement of edible ingredients, the use of differently flavored sauces, and the mixing of foreign flavors. Highly suggestive of French cuisine, this deviates somewhat from the more traditional, austere style of Japanese sushi.

Recently, sushi chefs have begun to create sushi art, a movement purportedly pioneered by chef Ken Kawasumi. At the release of one of his books, Kawasami, who has written guides on the art of sushi, recreated the famous Sunflowers painting by Vincent van Gogh using sushi as a medium.

1. How is cost calculated at the end of a meal at a Sushi conveyor belt restautaunt?

2. How does the conveyor belt make dining more convenient?

3. “Many small sushi restaurants actually use no plates — the sushi is eaten directly off of the wooden counter, usually with one's hands.” Explain why people do this in your own words.

4. Why shouldn’t we add wasabi to soy sauce?

5. How did western taste change sushi?

6. Why is Chef Kawasumi’s work so special?

Find the meaning of those words in bold and form sentences with them. 4 Describing food, places and people In each group, four of the adjectives cannot go with the noun. Which ones are they?

Food

fresh

delicious

tasteful

disgusted

disgusting

home-grown

fast

wealthy

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junk plain vegetarian tasteless

rich

frozen

starving

oily

Town

small

capital

university

busy

home

antique

cosmopolitan

modern

exciting

industrial

old

excited

historic

polluted

agricultural

young

People

outgoing

sophisticated

boring

crowded

long

rude

starving

young

bored

sociable

elderly

antique

wealthy

shy

expensive

tall

5 Using adjectives Complete these conversations with adjectives from Activity 3. Sometimes you will need to use the comparative or superlative forms. 1 A Lily’s really quiet and __________________. She never says a word.

B Yeah, her brother is much _____________ ___________________.

2 A What’s Li Ling’s boyfriend like?

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B Well, he’s ____________, dark and handsome, but he’s not very polite. In fact,

he’s even ____________________ than she is!

3 A How was your dinner?

B It was terrible. The noodles were ________________. We were really _________,

but we still couldn’t eat it!

4 A Mmm! These apples are really _______________. Did you grow them yourselves?

B Yes, we did. We have a lot of fruit trees.

5 A Did you have a good time in Bangkok?

B We had a great time. There’s so much to do. It’s a really ______________ city.

And there are so many people. I think it’s nearly as ___________ as Hong Kong.

6 Giving descriptions Read the short passage on smelly Tofu and underline all the adjectives in it.

Smelly Toufu http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stinky_tofu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stinky_Tofu_Fried.jpg

Wide regional and individual variations exist in the manufacture and preparation of Smelly Toufu. Most typically, it consists of tofu which has been marinated in salty liquid made from fermented milk, vegetables, and meat for as long as several months. The brine can also include dried shrimp, mustard greens, bamboo shoots, and Chinese herbs.

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Smelly tofu can be eaten cold, steamed, stewed, or most commonly, fried. It is often accompanied by chili sauce. The color varies from the golden fried Zhejiang-style to the black typical of Hunan-style smelly tofu.

From a distance, the odor of smelly tofu is said to resemble that of rotten garbage or dried manure, even by its enthusiasts. In spite of smelly tofu's smell, most say the flavor is surprisingly mild(however there are some that think otherwise). Some people have compared it to the taste of blue cheese. It has also been compared to foie gras. In some instances the taste has even been compared to rotten meat. It is said the stronger it smells, the 'better' its flavor.

The food I ate yesterday ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Food I don’t like ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7 Using antonyms Write the opposite (an antonym) for the adjectives below. Use your dictionary to help you. Examples an old car a new car

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an old woman a young woman 1 a single person _________________________________________

a single ticket _________________________________________

2 a strong man _________________________________________

a strong drink _________________________________________

3 a rich woman _________________________________________

a rich cake _________________________________________

4 a sweet drink _________________________________________

a sweet child _________________________________________

5 a hot curry _________________________________________

a hot drink _________________________________________

6 a sharp knife _________________________________________

a sharp drink _________________________________________

7 a hard apple _________________________________________

a hard exam _________________________________________

8 a cool drink _________________________________________

a cool man _________________________________________

8 Using synonyms Write another adjective with a similar meaning (a synonym) for the adjectives below. Use your dictionary to help you. Examples a pretty girl an attractive girl a handsome man a good-looking man

1 a rich man _____________________________________

2 a funny story _____________________________________

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3 a well-dressed woman _____________________________________

4 an untidy room _____________________________________

5 a badly-behaved child _____________________________________

6 correct information _____________________________________

7 friendly people _____________________________________

8 a silly person _____________________________________

9 a clever girl ____________________________________

10 a wonderful idea _____________________________________

11 terrible news _____________________________________

12 disgusting taste _____________________________________

9 Writing about food, places and people Use some of the adjectives you have learnt in this unit to write about the food, places and people in your country or city. Write about 200 words.

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Unit 6: A 1 Comparing sentences (1) Look at these sentences. What do they mean?

I work for ABC Company.

I have worked for ABC Company for two years.

I worked for XYZ Company.

2 Comparing sentences (2) The second sentence above shows something that started in the past and is still happening now. This sentence uses the Present Perfect tense. What tenses do the other two sentences use? 3 The Present Perfect

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The Present Perfect is formed by have/has + the past participle. I have finished my homework. She has gone on holiday. He has made dinner. 2 The Present Perfect is used to show several things.

Recent events with no definite time I have made a mistake. We have missed the bus.

Past events with no definite time

Jane has had three jobs. They have moved house twice.

Events that have a result in the present

I have lost my watch. (I don’t know the time now.) I have worked hard all day. (I am tired now.)

A situation or condition that continues to the present I have worked here for twenty years.

She has lived there since 1988.

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4 Using irregular verbs with the Present Perfect These verbs are all irregular. What is the Past Simple and past participle?

Verb Past Simple Past Participle

go

write

drive

lose

have

read

ride

sleep

be

eat

win

meet

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5 Using the Present Perfect One of Suki’s classmates has disappeared. She is talking on the phone to Mei. Read the dialogue and decide which answer, A, B, or C is most suitable. Mei: What’s the matter? What (1) _______________________________? Suki: One of my classmates (2) ________________________ missing. Mei: Where (3) ________________________________? Suki: I don’t know. He (4) ___________________ an address or a telephone number. I

(5) ________________________ his office but they (6) ___________________ from him so maybe he (7) ______________________ his job.

Mei: (8) _____________________ a note? Suki: No, he (9) ______________________. Mei: What (10) __________________________ with him? Suki: He (11) __________________________ much. Just a few clothes. Mei: (12) ________________________ the police? Suki: No. I (13) _________________________ them. 1. A. has happened B. happens C. did happen 2. A. go B. has gone C. goes 3. A. he go B. has he go C. has he gone 4. A. hasn’t left B. haven’t left C. hasn’t leave 5. A. have ring B. have rung C. have rang 6. A. not have heard B. haven’t heard C. haven’t hear 7. A. has lost B. have lost C. has lose 8. A. Have he left B. Has he left C. Has he leave 9. A. hasn’t leave B. hasn’t left C. hasn’t 10. A. he has taken B. has he take C. has he taken 11. A. hasn’t taken B. has not took C. hasn’t take 12. A. Have you phoned B. You phone C. Have you phone 13. A. haven’t phone B. have phoned C. haven’t phoned

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6 Using been and gone Been and gone are often used in the Present Perfect, but they have different meanings. She’s been to Penang. = She went in the past but she is not there now. She’s gone to Penang. = She is there now. 7 Using been and gone Write been or gone in the gaps in these sentences. 1 ‘Where’s Pei Yee?’ ‘She’s ____________ on holiday.’

2 Where have you _______________ ? You’re very late!

3 ‘Are you going shopping this afternoon?’ ‘No, I’ve already ___________ . I went this

morning.’

4 ‘Can I speak to Jack, please?’ ‘I’m afraid he’s ______________ to lunch. Can I take a message?’

5 I’ve never ______________ to Hainan, but I’d like to go.

6 ‘When’s your holiday?’ ‘We’ve already _______________ . We went to Thailand.’

7 Malik quit his job. He’s _____________________ to another company. 8 Talking about you Read the following sentences. Tick the ones that are true for you and cross the ones that are not true for you. 1 I have been in this school for more than one month. ______ 2 I haven’t done much reading this week. ______ 3 I have been on holiday this year. ______ 4 I haven’t learned to drive a car. ______ 5 I have sent more than two text messages today. ______ 6 I haven’t met an Englishman. ______

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9 A life story Here are some events from someone’s life. Match the beginning of a sentence in A with a suitable ending in B.

A B 1 He was born 2 He went to school in Jakarta 3 He studied English and French 4 He has worked for CNN 5 He left the BBC 6 He lived in London 7 He has been married 8 He has visited France 9 He hasn’t been to China

for the last three years. three years ago. until he was eleven. while he was working for the BBC. twice. yet. for three years at university in England. in Indonesia in 1979. many times.

10 Time expressions Look again at the life story in Activity 9. Then try to complete the table below. Put a tick () if the time expression and the tense go together. Put a cross (X) if they do not.

Past Simple Present perfect for

since × in (1980)

ago at (9.00)

just before

yet already never

11 Placing Time expressions Put the words in brackets in the most suitable place in the sentence. 1 I’ve heard you’re leaving this school. (just)

2 Have you read the newspaper? (yet)

3 I’ve done my homework. (already)

4 Have you been to Thailand? (ever)

5 I haven’t seen the film. (yet)

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12 Completing sentences Rewrite the following sentences using the present perfect tense and the prompt. Do not change the meaning of the sentences. 1 Studying in English is new to me. (never) I ___________________________________________________________before. 2 I am on the eighth page of the book I’m reading. (eight) I ______________________________________________________of the book. 3 He started working in the company ten years ago. (for) He _______________________________________________________ten years. 4 The boss has not decided yet. (made) The boss _______________________________________________________yet. 5 This is her third trip to Singapore. (visited) She _____________________________________________________three times. 13 Talking about you Complete the sentence with information about you. 1 I’ve known my best friend for ____________________________________________

2 I’ve been at this school since _____________________________________________

3 I haven’t learned to _________________________________________________ yet.

4 I’ve never ____________________________________________________________

5 My mother has never ___________________________________________________

6 I started __________________________________________________________ ago.

7 I’ve lived in ________________________ since _____________________________

8 I went to _____________________________________________when I was a child.

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14 My life story (1) Look back at Activity 9. Make a similar chart for your own life. When you have finished, ask your partner to match the items in A and B.

A B

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15 My life story (2) Use the points you made in Activity 14 to write your life story. Write about 200 words.

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Unit 6: B 1 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1 How long do you know the teacher?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 This is the first time I eat this food.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 What have you done yesterday?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 I study English for two years.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 When have you got your hair cut?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I have seen Mr Yang last night.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Have you ever…? Work with a partner. Choose from the list of topics below to make conversations. Make notes during your conversation.

Example A Have you ever been to Vietnam? B Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. I’ve never been there. A When did you go there? B Three years ago. I went there with my family.

go/Vietnam? sleep/in the open air? win/an award?

drive/a bus? meet/anyone famous? ride/a motorcycle?

be/on TV? have/an accident? read/a book in English?

lose/your money? eat/Indian food? write/a poem?

When you have finished, tell the class about your partner.

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3 Thinking about your English (1) Write five sentences using the present perfect tense to explain why you feel satisfied with your English language skills. 1 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 Thinking about your English (2) Write five sentences using the present perfect tense to explain why you feel dissatisfied with your English language skills. 1 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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5 Understanding newspaper headlines (1) Read the newspaper headlines. What do they mean? Use a dictionary to help you. Dangerous criminal escapes Typhoon hits coast JAPAN KNOCKED OUT WORLD CUP Scientist awarded Nobel Prize

1,000 workers laid off

6 Understanding Newspaper headlines (2) Which of these questions can you answer about the newspaper headlines above. Which questions can’t you answer? Why can’t you answer them? 1 Who has escaped from prison? 2 What has hit the coast? 3 Who has knocked Germany out? 4 Who has given the scientist the award? 5 Who has laid off the workers? 7 Listening practice (1) Listen carefully to the radio news report. Match the news items with the headlines below. Write the order in which the stories are given in the radio news.

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Dangerous criminal escapes ____________ Typhoon hits coast ____________ JAPAN KNOCKED OUT WORLD CUP ____________ Scientist awarded Nobel Prize ____________ 1,000 workers laid off ____________

8 Listening practice (2) Listen to the radio news again. Which words in the radio news does the reporter use in place of the words in this list? 1 escape ________________________________ 2 typhoon ________________________________ 3 hit ________________________________ 4 knocked out ________________________________ 5 awarded ________________________________ 6 workers ________________________________ 7 laid off ________________________________ 9 Writing news items (1) Here are some more headlines from newspapers. Rewrite them to make complete sentences. Use the Present Perfect.

Dangerous criminal recaptured _________________________________________________________________ Ferry sinks near Sumatra

____________________________________________________________________

Ex-film star leaves $10 million to pet dog

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____________________________________________________________________

Priceless items stolen from museum ____________________________________________________________________

Floods kill 200, 10,000 left homeless

____________________________________________________________________

18-year-old hits jackpot ____________________________________________________________________ President forced to resign ____________________________________________________________________ Athlete fails drug test ____________________________________________________________________

10 Writing news items (2) Work with a partner to choose one of the headlines in Activity 7. Create some details and write the news story. 11 Role-Play News Presentation In pairs, present your news story to the class. 12 What’s in the news? Have you read a newspaper or seen the news this week? Discuss this week’s news headlines with your classmates. Makes notes.

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13 A Curriculum Vitae A Curriculum Vitae (CV) is a person’s life history. Sometimes it is called a resume. Look at this CV.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Details Name Stephen Wong Address 22 Walton Road, Singapore 457890 Telephone 65 73861251 Date of birth 19 May 1972 Education 1983-92 Woodlands Secondary School, Singapore 1993-6 National University BA (Hons) Business and Economics Languages Fluent English, Mandarin, Malay Computing skills Microsoft Word Work experience April 1996 to Working in MBT Bank in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Present 1994-5 Secretary of the university swimming club, led a team to the Varsity Games. July 1992- Lived in China. Worked as a volunteer in a hospital. May 1993 Acquired excellent Chinese language skills. October 1990- Worked at weekends as sales assistant in a shop. June 1992 Interests Travelling, watching films, volunteering, swimming

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14 Understanding the CV (1) Complete these sentences about CV with suitable verbs in the correct tense. 1 Stephen Wong ____________ in 1972.

2 He _______________ in Singapore.

3 He ____________ Business and Economic at university.

4 He ___________ Mandarin when he ___________ in China.

5 He _____________ working in a bank since April 1996.

6 He _____________ swimming and watching films in his free time.

7 When he was at school he ____________ to work in a shop at weekends.

15 Pair –Activity: Interviewing Stephen Wong - CV (2) Complete the questions and answers in this conversation between Stephen Wong and an interviewer with details from the CV above. Think carefully about the tenses you use. I Where __________________________________________________________?

S In Singapore.

I ______________________ you ___________________________ to university?

S Yes, I have. I ___________________ to National University from 1993 to 1996.

I What subjects ____________________________________________________?

S _________________________ and ___________________________________.

I ____________________________________________________ any languages?

S Yes, I do. I _________________________________________________ fluently.

I _______________________ you ever __________________________ in China?

S Yes, I _____________. I _____________________________ in China for a year.

I What kind of work ___________________ you _____________________ there?

S I ________________________________________________________________.

I What ________________________________________________________ now?

S I __________________________________________________ in Kuala Lumpur.

I How long ____________________________________________________ there?

S Since ____________________________________________________________.

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16 Preparing a CV Prepare a CV for yourself or for someone in your family.

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Unit 6: C 1 Common multi-word verb combinations Some multi-word verbs usually go with a certain object. Examples Turn off a light

Turn on the television Work out the answers Match a verb in A with an object in B. 2 Using common multi-word verb combinations Complete the sentences with one of the multi-word verbs above in its correct form. 1 I washed the bowls then I _____________ them ___________.

2 I looked in the dictionary to ______________________ the meaning of a word.

3 When I’ve finished with this book, I’ll _____________ it __________ to the library

4 ‘Oh, dear! I don’t know how to ______________________ this problem.

5 The fire was so strong that it took two hours to __________ it __________.

6 The teacher wants to ____________________ a new way to teach grammar.

7 ‘Can I __________ these trousers __________ , please?’ ‘Sure. The changing rooms

are over there.’

8 I won’t be able to meet you today. Can we _________ it ________ till tomorrow?

9 I like cooking, but I don’t like to ________________________ afterwards.

10 ‘What should I do with this application form?’ ‘_____________ it ___________.’

A B sort out clothes in a shop put out children fill in doing something to another time find out a problem try on a mess try out things in a cupboard bring up a form clear up a book to a library take back a new idea put off a fire put away information

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3 More multi-word verbs Some multi-word verbs have a literal meaning and an idiomatic meaning. Examples Look up and you will see the sky. (literal)

Look up the new word in the dictionary. (idiomatic) = find

He picked up the box. (literal)

He picked me up from the airport. (idiomatic) = meet and take 4 Comparing literal and idiomatic meanings In these pairs of sentences, one meaning is literal and the other is idiomatic. Identify each type. What is the idiomatic meaning? 1 a The plane has just taken off.

b Please take off your shoes and come in.

2 a Oh, no! The lamp has gone out again.

b What time are you going out?.

3 a I was talking to my mother on the phone, but we got cut off.

b Be careful or you’ll cut off your fingers with that knife.

4 a Look out of the window and you can see the mountains.

b Look out! The tree is going to fall.

5 a Can you pick up my pen for me? It’s under your chair.

b I picked up some English when I was visiting Australia..

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5 Multi-word verbs with two particles Complete each pair of sentences below with one of the multi-word verbs in the box.

get on with put up with run out of looking forward to come up with

1 How do you the noise from the trains?

Most parents won’t bad behaviour from their children. 2 I have to an idea for making money.

I need to a solution to this problem. 3 Has the photocopier paper again? The students always school as soon as the bell rings. 4 How well do you your classmates?

Our teacher told us to our work quietly. 5 Sami and Gina are going on holiday.

We’re seeing you soon. In which pairs of sentences is the meaning of the multi-word verb different? 6 Using multi-word verbs with two particles Write some sentences using the multi-word verbs in Activity 5. 1 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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7 On the phone (1) Complete these telephone conversations with items from the box. Use a dictionary to help you. I’ll give it to hold I’m calling line’s busy Speaking leave a message speak to we’ll get back to you This is ring back later take a message I’m afraid have extension putting you through take your call at his desk

1 A Hello. Could I ___________________ Mr Muthu, please?

B _____________________ Mr Muthu is in a meeting. It won’t be over until one

o’clock. Can I _______________________?

A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone me? I think he’s got my number, but

__________________ to you again. It’s 73619370.

2 A Can I ________________875, please?

B The _________________ at the moment. Would you like ________________?

A Yes, please.

(Fifteen seconds later)

B I’m ________________________________ now.

A Thank you.

3 A Could I speak to Ali Suliman?

B I’m afraid he isn’t _________________ at the moment. Do you want to hold?

A No, it’s okay. I’ll _____________________.

4 A Can I speak to Terry Chan, please?

B _____________________________ .

A Ah, Mr Chan! ________________ Harry Lim. _________________ about a letter

I got yesterday.

5 A Hello. This is JJK Bank. There’s no one here to ______________ at the moment.

Please ___________ and ___________ as soon as we can.

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8 On the phone (2) Work with a partner to write some telephone conversations. Then act them out in front of the class. 9 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning? I am tired. I’m going to bed early.

If I am tired, I will go to bed early.

10 The first Conditional

11 Matching Match the beginning of a sentence in A with a suitable ending in B.

A B If I don’t see Jenny,

If you’re going to the shop,

If I see Ali,

I’ll tell him the news.

I’ll give her a call.

you have to practise.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The First Conditional is formed like this.

If + Present Simple + will

2 We use the First Conditional to make positive and negative statements, and questions. If I find your keys, I will give them to you. If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam. If the restaurant is full, where will we eat?

3 We can reverse the sentence.

I will give you your keys if I find them. You won’t pass the exam if you don’t study hard. Where will we eat if the restaurant is full?

4 We use the First Conditional to talk about a possible result.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

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If you want to speak English well,

If you don’t feel well,

go to see a doctor.

can you buy some chocolate for me?

12 Talking about what you will do if… Work with a partner to make a conversation about studying overseas. What will you do if you…

get homesick fall ill have problems with the language run out of money don’t like the weather get bored want to go back home don’t like the food

13 Giving advice using if Complete the sentences with some advice about these common problems. Example If you have hiccups, ... hold your breath for thirty seconds. ... you should drink cold water. 1 If you have a nosebleed, ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2 If you spill coffee on a white shirt, ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3 If you get dandruff, ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4 If you have a headache, _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5 If you can’t get to sleep, ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

What will you do if you get homesick? No problem. I’ll…

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6 If you can’t stop biting your nails, _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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Unit 6: D 1 Comparing sentences Look at these sentences. Both of them talk about the future. Which sentence shows certainty and which one shows a possibility? If I see Ali, I’ll tell him. When I see Ali, I’ll tell him. 2 Identifying time expressions Underline the time expressions in the following sentences. Which tenses are used in the time clauses? When I get home, I’ll give you a call.

As soon as we find a place to live, we’ll send you our address.

You’ll have to wait until I’ve finished cooking.

3 First Conditional and time clauses (1) Match the beginning of a sentence in A with a suitable ending in B.

A B

If we can afford it,

If I don’t see you later,

If the pain gets too bad,

If the bus doesn’t come soon,

If you arrive before I do,

If I’m going to be late,

If Prem rings,

I’ll be late for work.

Please wait for me.

tell him I’ll see him on Monday.

we’ll buy a new car soon.

I’ll give you a call.

take some more medicine after two hours.

I’ll meet you tomorrow.

First Conditional and time clauses (2) Put if, as soon as, or before into each box. Write the verbs in the correct form. Sam Bye, dear. Good luck with the interview.

Liz Thanks. I hope the trains are running on time. I _’m__ (be)

late for the interview, I _______________ (be) angry with myself?

If

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Sam Don’t worry. Give me a call later.

Liz I will. I ___________ (call) you I _________ (get) out of

the interview.

Sam When ___________ you __________ (know) you’ve got

the job?

Liz They __ ____ (tell) me next week. they ____________

(offer) me the job, I _________________ (accept) it.

Sam Of course.

Liz Okay. Are you going to work now?

Sam Well, I __________________ (take) the children to school

I _________________ (go) to work.

Liz Don’t forget to pick them up you ____________________

(finish).

Sam Don’t worry, I won’t forget. You’d better leave now. you

____________ (not hurry), you __________________ (miss) the train.

Liz Alright. I _________________ (see) you tonight. Bye.

5 Using the First Conditional Complete these sentences in a suitable way. 1 If I feel sleepy, ________________________________________________________

2 When I get home, ______________________________________________________

3 If my friend calls, ______________________________________________________

4 When I finish this activity, _______________________________________________

5 When I have some money, _______________________________________________

6 If you help me, ________________________________________________________

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7 If I don’t understand, ___________________________________________________

8 When I see her, _______________________________________________________

9 If I lose my keys, ______________________________________________________

10 When I meet you, ______________________________________________________

11 If they come here, _____________________________________________________

12 If he likes me, _________________________________________________________

6 Combining sentences Combine the pairs of sentences using the words in brackets. The verb form in the time clause is usually Present Simple. Example I’ll return the money. I’ll get paid. (as soon as) I’ll return the money as soon as I get paid. 1 I want to talk to you. You’re leaving. (before)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 I’m going to practise English. I’ll be in Canada. (while)

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I’ll phone you. I’ll get back. (as soon as)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Would you like a drink? You’re going to school. (before)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 We’ll tell you all about it. We’ll see you. (when)

_____________________________________________________________________

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6 I won’t talk to him. He’ll say sorry. (until)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Let’s ring her now. It’ll be too late. (before)

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Don’t leave without me. Wait. I’ll be ready. (until)

_____________________________________________________________________

9 I’ll give you a call. I’ll get back from work. (after)

_____________________________________________________________________

10 Can you feed my fish? I’ll be away on holiday. (while)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Comparing sentences Look at these conditional sentences. Which sentence shows a possible situation and which one shows an unlikely or unreal situation? If I have time, I’ll clean the car. If I had a lot of money, I’d buy an expensive car. Discuss you ideas with a partner. 8 The Second Conditional GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The Second Conditional is formed like this.

If + Past Simple + would

2 We use the Second Conditional to make positive and negative statements, and questions.

If I were rich, I would live in a big house. If I weren’t poor, I would live in a big house.

If you were rich, where would you live?

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9 Real and unreal Complete each of these sentences to show the real situation. Example If I had a lot of money, I’d travel around the world on my ship. I don’t have a lot of money. I can’t travel around the world on a ship. 1 If I had a car, I wouldn’t need to catch a bus every day.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 If I didn’t have to work, I would sit on the beach all day.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 If I had some extra money, I could buy some new shoes.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 If I were more handsome, I might find a lot of girlfriends.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 If she were more polite, people might like her.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 If he didn’t drive so fast, the journey wouldn’t be so dangerous.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 We can reverse the sentence. I would live in a big house if I were rich.

4 We use the Second Conditional to talk about an unreal situation and a probable result. We are imagining something.

(unreal) If I were rich, I would live in a big house. (real) I’m not rich. I don’t live in a big house. 5 We can also use could, might, and would have to show the result. If I were rich, I could live in a big house. If I were rich, I might live in a big house.

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7 If I sat on a soft chair, I would be more comfortable.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 You might be more successful if you worked harder.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 I could pass more exams if I were a good student.

_____________________________________________________________________

10 Second Conditional and would Write second conditional sentences for these situations. Example I can’t lend you $5 because I haven’t got any money. If I had some money, I would lend you $5. 1 We won’t buy a new car because we haven’t got any money.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 I don’t know her phone number, so I can’t tell you.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 There isn’t any tea, so I won’t make a drink.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 We have three children, so we spend all our money on food.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 He’s doesn’t study so he won’t pass the exam.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 He spends all his time playing computer games. He isn’t a very good student.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 I haven’t got any spare time. I won’t start a new hobby.

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_____________________________________________________________________

8 Mr Tan works very hard. He has no time to spend with his children.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 I’m not feeling well. I can’t go dancing.

_____________________________________________________________________

10 I haven’t got a big bag. I can’t carry many books.

_____________________________________________________________________

11 Changing your life Make a list of all the things you would like to change about your life. Why would you like to change those things? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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12 Imagining a different life

Read through the summary of Emperor Hong Wu’s life. Emperor Hong Wu was unlike other emperors who inherited the throne: he was a beggar before he became the emperor of the Ming dynasty in China 1368. 1. Born in 1328 to a peasant family. His family was so poor they had to give their

children away. 2. 16 years later, the Yellow River flooded and killed his parents. Their farm was

destroyed. 3. He lived in a monastery but was soon forced to leave because there was no food. 4. He had to beg for 3 years before he returned to the monastery. 5. War and rebellion broke out. The Mongols burnt down the monastery he was living in.

He became a rebel to fight the Mongols.

I would like to change…

If things were different…I would…

I would like to… to be different.

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Imagine you are Hong Wu. What would you like to change about your life? Write about 200 words to explain what you want to change, why you want to change those things and how they might be different.

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Unit 7: A 1 What would you do? What would you do with $10 million? Work in groups to ask and answer these questions using would.

What…buy? How much…give away? Who…give it to? … travel? Where ….to? …continue working or … give up your job? … go on a spending spree? … invest the money? … be happier than you are now?

2 Possible and unlikely Look at these situations. Decide if they are possible or unlikely. Put a tick if it is likely.

1 There’s an interesting programme on TV tonight. _________________ 2 You find a snake in your home. _________________

3 You meet a famous person. _________________

4 You have nothing to do this weekend. _________________

5 You are the leader of your country. _________________

6 Someone in your class has a birthday this month. _________________

7 You don’t have any homework this week. _________________

8 You can speak excellent English. _________________

3 Using will and would with conditionals Work with a partner to ask and answer questions about what you will do or would do in the situations in Activity 2.

What would you do if you found a snake in your house?

What will you do if someone in your class has a birthday this month?

I would…

I will…

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4 First and Second Conditional (1) Match a beginning in A with an ending in B and a sentence in C.

A B C 1 If Jimi calls,

2 If you’ve finished,

3 If I’m not back by 9pm,

4 If you’re ever here,

5 If you go to the USA,

6 I’d buy a car

7 If I had more time,

8 If you’re feeling ill,

don’t wait for me.

I might take up a hobby

you have to have a visa.

tell him I’m at Tim’s

you can take a break.

if I could afford it.

you should go to bed.

please let me know.

It would better than taking the bus.

Keep warm and get some rest.

I’d love to show you around.

He can ring me there.

Just be back in five minutes.

I’d love to learn something new.

You can get one at the embassy.

Go without me. I’ll come later.

5 First and Second Conditional (2) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense to form either a first or second conditional. 1 If it ____________ (rain) this afternoon, we ____________________ (not be able) to

have a picnic. 2 Give me Thura’s book. If I ___________ (see) him, I ______________ (give) it to

him. 3 I’m very busy. But if I _______________________________ (have) any free time, I

___________________ (take up) a sport. 4 If I _________________ (be) taller, I ________________ (can) be a good basketball

player, but I’m too short. 5 If you _______________ (not drink) your tea now, it _________________ (go) cold. 6 If my children ____________ (be) as noisy as yours, I _______________ (go) crazy. 7 If you ______________________ (have) any problems, tell me and I ____________

(come) and help. 8 You’re a fantastic teacher. If I ____________________ (can) teach as well as you, I

_______________ (open) a school. 9 If there __________________ (be) fresh meat in the market, ________ you ________

(buy) some?

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6 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences and rewrite them. 1 I’ll make some drinks when everyone will be here. _____________________________________________________________________ 2 If I’ll see Jackie, I’ll tell him to call you. _____________________________________________________________________ 3 If you aren’t be careful, you’ll have an accident. _____________________________________________________________________ 4 When I’ll go to Thailand, I’ll email you. _____________________________________________________________________ 5 If I could travel round the world, I’ll go on a cruise. _____________________________________________________________________ 6 If you would speak my language, you would understand what I’m saying. _____________________________________________________________________ 7 Comparing sentences Look at these answers. Which one seems the most polite? Would you like tea or coffee? I want tea, please. I’d like tea, please. I’d rather have tea, please. 8 Expressing preference with would rather (1) We use would...like and would…rather to ask about what someone wants or prefers.

Would you like tea or coffee? Would you rather have tea or coffee? We use would and would rather to say what we want or what we prefer. I would like tea, please. I would rather have tea, please. 9 Expressing preference with would rather (2) Write a sentence saying what you would rather do in these situations.

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Example Would you rather have tea or coffee? I’d rather have tea. 1 Would you rather travel by plane or by train?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 How do you want to go there, walk or take a bus?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Would you rather have Pepsi or Coke?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What do you want to watch on TV, the news or sport?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Would you rather have rice or noodles?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Would you rather marry a foreigner or someone from your country?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 What do you always want to live in your country or live overseas?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Would you rather go to an art gallery or a museum?

_____________________________________________________________________ 10 Wish and if only Look at these sentences. The first sentence shows something that happened. What do the other three sentences show? 1 I ate too much and I feel sick now. If I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t feel sick.

I wish I hadn’t eaten so much; then I wouldn’t feel sick.

If only I hadn’t eaten so much, I wouldn’t feel sick.

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2 I didn’t eat enough and now I’m hungry. If I had eaten more, I wouldn’t feel hungry.

I wish I had eaten more; then I wouldn’t feel hungry.

If only I had eaten more, I wouldn’t feel hungry.

11 Wishing about the present We use the Past tense to talk about wishes about things in the present. Present facts Wishes about the present I’m short. I wish I weren’t short.

If only I were taller.

We live in a flat. I wish we lived in a house.

If only we didn’t live in a flat.

I’m not having a birthday party. I wish I were having a birthday party.

I’m going to the hospital tomorrow. I wish I weren’t going to the hospital.

I can’t swim. I wish I could swim.

Tom won’t come to my party. If only he would come!

12 Wishing about the past We use the Past Perfect to talk about wishes about things that happened in the past. Past facts Wishes about the past I wasn’t happy at school. I wish I had been happy.

If only I’d gone to a different school!

It rained all week. I wish it hadn’t rained.

If only it had been dry!

He didn’t pass his exam. He wishes he’d passed it.

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He failed his exam. He wishes he hadn’t failed.

I haven’t been to Korea. I wish I’d been to Korea.

Tim has broken the glass. If only he hadn’t broken it!

13 Using Wish and if only Have you been sorry for something you did? Have you wished something hadn’t happened? Tell your partners. 14 Finding the facts What is the fact behind these wishes? Example I wish the room weren’t so untidy. The room is very untidy. 1 I wish I weren’t working in this company.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 I wish there were something good to eat.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I wish I didn’t like McDonald’s so much.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 If only I could write well!

_____________________________________________________________________

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.

If only I had saved more money, I…

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5 I wish we’d won the game.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I wish I had studied harder at school.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 If only I’d married a millionaire!

_____________________________________________________________________

8 I wish my boyfriend had called me last night.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 If only I’d said sorry to her!

_____________________________________________________________________

10 I wish I had listened to my father’s advice.

_____________________________________________________________________

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Unit 7: B 1 Money, money, money (1) The words in the box are all about money. Divide them into three groups. Use your dictionary to help you. Some of the words can go into more than one group.

Nouns Verbs Adjectives

currency wealthy safe broke accountant bankrupt waste win millionaire economy earn save cash dispenser well-off loan savings credit card salary penniless invest coins economical squander cashier spending spree hard up wages cash

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2 Money, money, money (2) Choose the most suitable word in these sentences. 1 I’m bankrupt / broke. Can you lend me $50 until the week? 2 My boss keeps all the money in a cash dispenser / safe in his office. 3 The president said that the economy / economical was very good. 4 She has squandered / invested all her money on shoes, bags and clothes. 5 The Yuan is the coin / currency of China. 6 My uncle’s an accountant / a spendthrift. He manages his company’s money. 7 I won some money, so I went on a currency/ spending spree. 8 He earned / wasted all his money gambling in Macau. He died penniless. 9 Sam’s parents are very hard up / well-off, they’ve just bought him a BMW. 10 Her salary is / wages are paid into her bank account every month. 3 Adjectives and strong adjectives (1) Some adjectives have the idea of very. These are strong adjectives. Look at these examples. huge = very big miserable = very unhappy Match the adjectives with the stronger adjectives. Use your dictionary to help you.

adjectives stronger adjectives tired frightened good tasty bad pretty, attractive hungry angry dirty surprised happy funny

great, wonderful, fantastic, superb exhausted delicious filthy terrified starving horrible, awful, terrible, disgusting thrilled, delighted astonished, amazed hilarious beautiful, gorgeous furious

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4 Adjectives and strong adjectives (2) We can make adjectives stronger with adverbs such as very and absolutely.

The room is very big. The house is absolutely enormous.

We can use absolutely only with strong adjectives.

Absolutely enormous NOT absolutely big We can use really with both adjectives and strong adjectives.

I’m really tired. I’m really exhausted. 5 Adjectives and strong adjectives (3) Write some sentences using adjectives, strong adjectives, very, absolutely and really. 1 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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6 Multi-word verbs with more than one meaning Many multi-word verbs have more than one meaning. Examples I don’t get on with Tony. = we aren’t friendly with each other Get on with your work! = continue doing, don’t stop Rewrite the following sentences using a multi-word verb from the box in place of the words in italics. Each multi-word verb is used twice with a different meaning.

make up get over hang on work out put off go on 1 I’m trying to calculate how much I should pay.

____________________________________________________________________

2 ‘May I speak to Fanny?’ ‘ Wait a moment. I’ll go and get her.’

____________________________________________________________________

3 Do you want it or not? You’ve got to decide.

__________________________________________________________ your mind .

4 Can you hear all that noise? I wonder what’s happening.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Hold on tight or you might fall off.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Can we postpone our appointment until next week?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 How are we going to climb over the mountain?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Is that the truth, or did you invent it?

_____________________________________________________________________

9 It’s one of those films where it’s difficult to understand what’s happening.

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_____________________________________________________________________

10 The food smelled so bad. It made me not want to eat it.

_____________________________________________________________________

11 Romeo will never recover from the death of his girlfriend.

_____________________________________________________________________

12 ‘Are you listening?’ ‘Yes, continue talking. I’ m listening to every word.’

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Making suggestions Malik is bored and Pam is broke. Look at the suggestions made by their friends. Are they talking to Malik or Pam? Write M or P in the box. M for Malik and P for Pam. Let’s go swimming! If I were you, I’d get a better job. Why don’t you ask your friends? You ought to ask your boss for a pay-rise! I don’t think you should spend so much. Why don’t we go for a bike ride? You’d better get a loan from the bank. Shall we see what’s on at the cinema? Underline the words in the sentences above that are used to make suggestions. Which suggestions include the speaker? 8 Giving to charities (1) Charities are organisations that help people, animals and nature or try to improve life in different parts of the world. What charities do you know? Make list.

M

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9 Giving to charities (2) Group Work: Work in groups and discuss what is the best way to help one of the charities below. Is it better to donate money or to volunteer?

A charity that gives food and housing to elderly people A hospice for people who are dying of an incurable disease An organization that provides emergency help to disaster victims A charity that helps homeless people A charity that helps people with AIDS An animal rescue charity

Appoint a spokesman for your group and share your conclusion with the class. Read the following excerpt on Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa of Calcutta OM AC (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997), born Agnesë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata (Calcutta), India in 1950. For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries.

By the 1970s she had become internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocate for the poor and helpless. She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna, in 1980 for her humanitarian work. Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, soup kitchens, children's and family counseling programs, orphanages, and schools. When she died, the nation of India paid homage to this most wonderful lady by calling her ‘Mother’.

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Share what you have done to help the poor or les fortunate. 10 What do you think? Imagine that you have $10,000 that you want to give to charity. Which charities would you give the money to? How would you divide it? Think about what you would do, and then discuss your ideas with your classmates. 11 “Is it more important to donate money to charity or to be a volunteer?” Use the ideas you had for Activities 9 and 10 to write about 200 words on the question above.

If had £10,000 to give away, I’d give it to…

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Unit 7: C 1 Comparing sentences Look at these sentences. What do the underlined sentences show? He drives a BMW and he lives in a huge house. He must be rich. He’s very thin and he needs a stick to walk with. He can’t be healthy. Jack’s not here yet. He could be in a traffic jam. Jack’s not here yet. He might be working late.

2 Facts and possibilities Read these sentences. If the sentence is a fact, put ‘F’ and if it is a possibility, put ‘P’. 1 She must be in love! _______

She’s in love! _______

2 He could be having a bath. _______

He’s having a bath. _______

3 That isn’t your pen. _______

That can’t be your pen. _______

4 You must have seen my mother. _______

You’ve seen my mother. _______

5 He hasn’t met the president. _______

He can’t have met the president. _______

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Must and can’t show a suggestion based on what we know. We are quite sure

about it. It is fact. BMW + huge house = rich Thin + walking stick = not healthy

2 Might, may and could show a suggestion based on what we think is possible. We are less sure about it. It is a possibility.

Not here = traffic jam? Not here = working late?

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3 Probability in the present (1) Match an item A with an item in B.

A B a He must be tired.

b You can’t be hungry

c He must be happy

d He can’t be single.

e You must feel refreshed

f He can’t enjoy swimming with sharks.

g They must know each other well.

h He can’t be coming.

i You must know her.

j They can’t be getting married!

She met him only last week.

He’s already two hours late.

They’re holding hands.

with such a wonderful wife.

It’s so dangerous.

You study in the same class.

after your holiday.

after such a big dinner.

He’s been travelling all day.

He’s wearing a wedding ring.

4 Probability in the present (2) Complete these sentences with your ideas. 1 He must be clever because _______________________________________________ 2 She can’t be his wife because ____________________________________________ 3 He might be late because ________________________________________________ 4 They must be in love because ____________________________________________ 5 She could be his girlfriend because ________________________________________ 6 It may rain later because ________________________________________________ 7 He must be busy because _______________________________________________ 8 They can’t be rich because ______________________________________________ 9 She could be a doctor because ____________________________________________ 10 I might be sick because _________________________________________________ Compare your ideas with your classmates.

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5 Why is Aleesha late? Aleesha is usually on time for work but today she is late. Suggest reasons using must, might, could, and may. Example Is she still in bed? (might)

She might still be in bed. 1 Is she ill? (must)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Is she in the cafe? (might)

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Does she have a doctor’s appointment? (could)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Is she stuck in a traffic jam? (may)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Is her bus late? (might)

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Does she want to miss the meeting? (must)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Is she on a business trip? (could)

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Does she have permission to be late? (may)

_____________________________________________________________________

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6 Disagreeing and making other suggestions Use can’t to disagree with each of the suggestions you wrote in Activity 5 and give another reason. Example She can’t still be in bed because she always gets up early. 1 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

8 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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7 Expressing probability in the present Respond to these statements or questions using the words in brackets. Example I haven’t slept for 24 hours. You must be exhausted. 1 I haven’t eaten today. (must/hungry)

_____________________________________________________________________ 2 Sally has six children. (can’t/much free time)

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Someone’s knocking at the door. (might/Jackie)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 I’m feeling really hot. (must/fever)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Can you hear that loud music? (must/somewhere)

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I don’t know where dictionary is. (could/your bag)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Nobody is answering the phone. (can’t/at home)

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Why is the traffic so slow? (might/accident)

_____________________________________________________________________

9 Maria isn’t in the library. (can’t/studying)

_____________________________________________________________________

10 Whose bag is this? (might/Tom’s)

_____________________________________________________________________

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8 Expressing probability in the past

9 Expressing probability in the past Respond to these statements or questions using the words in brackets. Example I can’t see Ella. (must/go) She must have gone.

1 I can’t find my book. (must/forget)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Rashid didn’t come to work yesterday. (must/ill)

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Why is Eric late for the meeting? (might/oversleep)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 I lost my pencil. (must/drop)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Mei Ling’s leaving the classroom. (can’t/finish already)

_____________________________________________________________________

6 How did Billy get such results in the exam? (must/copy)

_____________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Must, could, can’t and might are used to talk about probability in the past.

2 We use this form. must + have + past participle

He might have been busy. She must have studied hard. He can’t have known about it.

3 We can also use the continuous form. must + have + been + -ing He might have been working all day. She must have been studying hard.

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10 Using continuous infinitives Complete the conversations with suitable verbs in the continuous infinitive. Example ‘Do you know where Prem is?’ ‘I’m not sure. He may be studying in the library. 1 A Where’s Hani?

B She’s upstairs. She must _______________________ in her office.

A She’s not in her office.

B Try the canteen. She might ____________________ a tea break.

2 A Hey, look! It’s Fan and Eddy.

B He can’t _________________________ her hand. He doesn’t like her.

A They’re kissing!

B I don’t believe it! They must ________________________ out together.

3 A I can’t find my glasses.

B Stand up. You could ___________________________ on them.

A No. they’re not there.

4 A Have you seen my hand phone?

B Well, Suki was just here, she may ____________________________ it.

A Oh! She’s always using my things!

5 A What’s that noise?

B It sounds like music. They must ______________________ a party next door.

6 A Why are the police stopping every car?

B I don’t know. They could ___________________________ for the prisoner who

escaped from jail.

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Unit 7: D 1 Adjective + preposition combinations (1) Many adjectives are often followed by certain prepositions. Fill each gap in these sentences with a preposition from the box.

for at about with to in of from

1 The students are excited ______________ the school holiday.

2 I was angry ______________ my noisy neighbour last night.

3 Are you any good ________________ English grammar?

4 Bill’s getting married ____________ Jill on Saturday.

5 Many children are afraid ________________ the dark.

6 My brother’s very different ______________ me. I’m tall and he’s short.

7 I’m tired _______________ studying. I need a break.

8 I feel very sorry ___________ Kelly. She works so hard but her job pays so little.

9 Are you interested ____________ sports?

10 Children should not be rude ___________ their parents.

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2 Adjective + preposition combinations (2) Fill each gap in these sentences with a preposition from the box.

for about with of 1 I’m very proud ______________ my mother. She’s a wonderful lady.

2 Smoking cigarettes isn’t good ____________ your health.

3 I’m very jealous _________ Andy because his parents give him everything he wants.

4 It was very kind ____________ you to remember my birthday.

5 I’m a bit worried ___________ Suzy. I haven’t seen her for a week.

6 The shop was full __________ customers.

7 China is famous ___________ its history and its food.

8 Are you sure ___________ this answer?

9 Parents are responsible ___________ bringing up their children.

10 I’m fed up ___________ this rain. When will it stop?

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3 Using adjective + preposition combinations Write complete answers to these questions using suitable adjective + preposition combinations.

1 What do you get excited about?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 What is your hometown famous for?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 What do you do when you are feeling fed up?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What kind of person would you like to get married to?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 What do you sometimes worry about?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 What are you afraid of?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Which member of your family are you most proud of? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 What are you good at?

_____________________________________________________________________

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4 Talking about character Answer these questions about you. Write Y for yes, N for no, and S for sometimes. 1 Are you usually smiling and happy? __________ 2 Do you enjoy being with other people? __________ 3 Do you find it difficult to make new friends? __________ 4 Do you have clear plans for your future? __________ 5 Do your feelings change quickly? __________ 6 Do you care for other people’s feelings? __________ 7 Do you believe the future will be good? __________ 8 Can your friends rely on you? __________ 9 Is your room often messy? __________ 10 Do you get angry if you have to wait? __________ 11 Do you delay doing things? __________ 12 Do you work hard? __________ 13 Do you keep your feelings and ideas secret? __________ 14 Do you often give things to other people? __________ 15 Do you like to talk a lot? __________ 16 Are you usually calm and don’t worry about problems? __________ Work with a partner to compare your answers. Are they similar or different?

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5 Character adjectives (1) Match these adjectives with the questions in Activity 4. reliable lazy optimistic generous sociable moody talkative hardworking reserved easygoing shy untidy impatient cheerful ambitious sensitive Which of these adjectives describe you? 6 Character adjectives (2) Which adjectives describe positive qualities and which describe negative? Which describe both? Complete the table with adjectives from Activity 5.

Positive Negative Both

8

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7 Finding antonyms Write the opposite of the adjectives in Activity 6. Use a dictionary to help you. Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes be used to make negatives. Adjective Antonym reliable _____________________________ lazy _____________________________ optimistic _____________________________ generous _____________________________ sociable _____________________________ moody _____________________________ talkative _____________________________ hardworking _____________________________ reserved _____________________________ easygoing _____________________________ shy _____________________________ untidy _____________________________ impatient _____________________________ cheerful _____________________________ ambitious _____________________________ sensitive _____________________________

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8 Listening practice Listen carefully to the descriptions of some people. Choose the best word for each person. 1 moody cheerful hardworking

2 lazy reliable shy

3 optimistic untidy generous

4 ambitious talkative sensitive

5 impatient sociable reserved

6 lazy reliable shy

7 ambitious talkative sensitive

8 moody cheerful hardworking

9 ambitious talkative sensitive

10 optimistic untidy generous

9 Verbal Charade - Describing a classmate Describe someone in the class to the rest of the classmates, but don’t say who it is. Can your classmates guess the right person?

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10 Talking about families You are going to do a survey of your classmates to find out information about their families. Work together to ask and answer these questions.

1 Who is an only child?

2 Who has a brother?

3 Who has a sister?

4 Who has the most brothers and sisters?

5 Who has got a twin brother or sister?

6 Who has the most uncles?

7 Who has the most aunts?

8 Who has the most cousins?

9 Who has all their grandparents still living?

11 What do you think? Answer these questions and then work in groups to discuss your answers.

1 Would you like to have a bigger family? Why/Why not?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 How many children would you like to have? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 What size is the perfect family? Why is this a good size for a family?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Would you like to have twins? Why/why not?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Would you not like to have children? Why/why not?

___________________________________________________

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12 Describing a family member Think of someone in your family and answer these questions about that person.

1 What is his/her name?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 How is this person related to you?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Why have you chosen this person?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What is this person’s character like?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 What does he/she look like?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 What does he/she like to do?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 What does he/she not like to do?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

8 What is special about this person?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Read your sentences to the rest of the class.

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Unit 8: A 1 Continuous forms

2 Matching For each pair of sentences, match a beginning in A with an ending in B.

A B 1 What do you do over there? What are you doing for a living? 2 She speaks five languages. She’s speaking to her doctor. 3 She has a baby soon. She’s having a red car. 4 What have you done with my pencil? I can’t find it. What have you been doing since we last met? 5 I watched that video. It was really good. I was watching that video when you called.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The continuous shows an activity might be long and it can be interrupted. Other

things can happen in the middle of it. When I was sleeping, the phone rang. Keep quite. I’m listening to the news. I had been watching TV when my wife came home.

2 The continuous shows activities might not be finished.

Who’s eaten my chocolate? (There is no more chocolate. = finished action) Who’s been eating my chocolate? (There is still some chocolate. = unfinished action)

3 The continuous can also show an activity does not last forever. It has a beginning and an end. I’m going to work by bus. I’ve been going to work by bus since I stared this job.

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3 Simple or Continuous Write the verbs in brackets in either the simple or the continuous forms. Look at the prompt in bold at the end of the sentence to help you decide which tense or verb form to use. Example I ________ (sleep) when Harry _________ (call). Past I was sleeping when Harry called.

1 Harry ___________________ (come) from Singapore. Present (all time)

2 He _______________ (come) to see me this tomorrow. Future arrangement

3 He ______________________ (work) in a shop. Present (all time)

4 He ____________________ (work) in the shop for a year. Present Perfect

5 He ________________ (have) the same boss for six months. Present Perfect

6 Harry ________________________ (have) an argument with him yesterday. Past

7 So now Harry _______________________ (want) to change his job. Present

8 He ___________________________ (think) of working overseas. Present

9 His parents ________________________ (think) this is a good idea. Present

10 He’d like _____________________ (find) a job in the hotel industry. Infinitive

11 He should _______________________ (work) now, but he isn’t . Infinitive

12 He __________________________ (go) to bed very late last night. Past

13 When he ____________________ (wake) up, it ____________________ (rain). Past

14 He ________________________ (take) some medicine now because he

________________ (have) a stomach ache. Present

15 He wants ________________________________ (go) on holiday. Infinitive

16 If he were on holiday, he would ____________________ (sit) on a beach having a cool drink. Infinitive

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4 The Present Perfect Continuous

5 Comparing the Present Perfect with the Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous I have given three lessons today. I have been giving lessons today. (shows achievement and completion) (shows how hard and how long he worked)

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The Present Perfect Continuous tense is formed by have/has + been + verb-ing. I have been working for five years. She has been typing all morning. They haven’t been working hard. 2 The Present Perfect Continuous shows:

a state that lasts up to the present and has not finished I have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes. (I am still waiting.)

He has been talking on the phone since 9 a.m. (He is still on the phone.)

an activity that finished recently We have been meeting with the boss.

She has been talking to some new students.

a repeated activity I have been taking English courses this year. He has been playing the piano since he was a child.

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6 Choosing the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous Tick () the box for the correct verb form. 1 I’ve lost my wallet.

been losing

2 Have you seen my wallet anywhere?

been seeing

3 Someone has eaten the cakes! They’ve all gone.

has been eating

4 I’ve waited for you for hours! Where have you been?

been waiting

5 I’ve lost your pen. I’m really sorry.

been losing

6 She has studied all day and I still have more to do.

has been studying

7 I have never seen a better film before.

never been seeing

8 How long have you known your teacher?

been knowing

9 I’ve read the book for a week. I’ll be finished soon.

been reading

10 I’ve read the book. I finished last night.

been reading

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7 Using the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous Put the verb in brackets in the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. 1 I’m exhausted! I ________________ (read) all day, and I ___________________

(not finish) yet. 2 I _______________________ (visit) many places in the past two years. 3 Someone _________________ (take) my bag. I __________________ (look) for it

for ages, but I ____________________ (not find) them it.

4 I ____________________ (shop) all afternoon, but I _________________ (not buy)

anything. 5 That’s one of the best lessons I _______________ ever _____________ (have). 6 ‘You’re so dirty! What __________________ you ____________________ (do)?’

‘I ________________________ (clean) in the car all morning.’

7 The roads are all wet. It ___________________________ (rain). 8 I __________________ (listen) to you for ten minutes, but I ____________________

(not understand) anything you said. 9 I __________________ (look) at my computer for hours, and now I’ve got headache. 10 I ______________________ (collect) stamps for ten years. I _______________ (get)

two thousand so far.

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8 Using the Present Perfect Continuous (1) Complete the following sentences using the verb in the present perfect continuous. 1 The price of oil _____________________________________(rise) this year.

2 My computer _________________________________(make) strange noises. 3 How long ________________________________________(you/work) here? 4 I ________________________________________________ (not/feel) well. 5 The phone __________________________________________(ring) all day. 6 I _____________________________________________ (try) to contact you. 7 They __________________________________ (study) here for six weeks. 8 What _______________________________________ (you/say) to my teacher? 9 Someone __________________________________(steal) from the school. 10 She ______________________________________ (not/do) her job properly. 9 Using the Present Perfect Continuous (2) How could you describe the following situations? Use the present perfect continuous tense. 1 Mr. Hanif began talking to the class two hours ago. He hasn’t finished yet.

_____________________________________________________________________ 2 Meena got to the office early this morning. Twelve hours later she’s still there.

_____________________________________________________________________ 3 Mrs. Singh’s course started in June. It’s not yet complete.

_____________________________________________________________________ 4 Rita started waiting for her friend forty minutes ago.

_____________________________________________________________________ 10 Using since and for with the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

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Read the following sentences and complete them with ‘since’ or ‘for’

1 I have been working here __________________________ 2001.

2 I haven’t been to my hometown ______________________ three years.

3 She has been Mr. Lim’s student _____________________ four months.

4 We have been making a profit _______________________ 1996.

5 __________________ March, I have been in the Shanghai office.

6 She has been working late every day _______________ she joined our company.

7 They have been studying __________________ eight hours.

8 He has been on holiday ____________________ Monday.

9 This school has been going ___________________ sixty years.

10 They haven’t met _____________________last year.

11 Writing about you (1) What have you been doing and what have you done in your life? In A make a list of things that you started in the past and still do today. In B make a list of things that you have done in the past, but you don’t do any more.

have been doing have done

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12 Writing about you (2) Use the ideas you listed in Activity 11 to write 200 words about you from the past to the present. 13 Play a Game

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Unit 8: B 1 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs questions. Which questions ask about an activity and which ones ask about quantity? How long have you lived here? How many years have you lived here? How long have you been learning English? How many English lessons have you had? 2 Asking How long and How many Read these sentences and write questions about them 1 Pei Yee is a teacher.

How long ___________________________________________________________?

How many students____________________________________________________?

2 Your friend is learning Japanese.

How long ___________________________________________________________?

___________________________________________ Japanese words do you know?

3 Jackie is a student.

How long _______________________________________?

How many schools ________________________________?

4 Nabeela is getting married to Ali next month.

How many ____________________________________________________ invited?

How long _________________________________________________ known Ali?

5 You know that Thura has been to England.

How many times _____________________________________________________?

6 Shirley and her family always go to Thailand for their holidays.

How long ___________________________________________________________?

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3 Asking How long…? Write questions with How long…? using either the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. If both are possible, use the Continuous.

Example I live in this city. How long have you been living in this city?

1 I play football.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 I know Jim.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I work here.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 I have a computer.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 I study English.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I learn the piano.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 I speak French.

_____________________________________________________________________

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4 Saying how long you have done something Write sentences about you. Use the same verbs in Activity 3. 1 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Asking and answering How long…? questions Work with a partner to ask and answer your questions with How long…?

How long have you been studying English?

I have been studying English for…

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6 Time expressions Look at the charts of life events for Troy and Lily. TROY LILY Born 1980 Born 1977 in Hong Kong Went to Green Forest Started singing lessons Boys’ School for 6 years Start of a life-long hobby

Went to College for 2 years Went to live in Australia in summer 1992 Started going out with Diana Went to Drama College Ended summer 2003 for 3 years. Went to live in London Taught drama for two years Jan-July 2002 Met and married Ben July 2001 Met Lily at a party Had a son, Sam, born 28 May 2002 Got a job in a shoe shop Went to England with Sam but without Ben 2002. Married Lily 24 April 2005 Divorced Ben Promoted to store manager of Started working in a school in the shoe shop September 2005 London January 2003 Bought a house in London Met Troy summer 2003

Age 0

11 18

19

22

23

24

25

26

now

Age 0

11

15

19

23 24

25

26

now

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7 Using time expressions (1) Use the information in the life histories above to complete these questions and answers about Troy. 1 When _______________________________________? In 1980.

2 How long ______________________________ at Green Forest Boys’ School?

Until __________________________________________ .

3 How long ________________________________________________ ?

Two years.

4 How long __________________________________________________ Diana?

___________________________________________________

5 How long ________________________________________________ in London?

_________________________________________________

6 Where ________________________________________________ ?

At a Party.

7 How long _______________________________________ in the shoe shop?

__________________________________________________

8 How long ___________________________________________ manager?

Since ___________________________________ .

9 When __________________________________________ ?

_______________________ 24 April 2005.

10 How long _______________________ they ________________ in London?

Since _____________________________________ .

8 Using time expressions (2)

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Use the information in the life histories above to complete these questions and answers about Lily. 1 How long _______________________ Lily ____________________ in England?

_______________________________________ she was twenty-five.

2 How long _______________________________________ interested in singing?

__________________________________________________ she was 11.

3 When ___________________________________ meet Ben?

While _________________________________________________

4 When _________________________________________ married for the first time?

___________________________________________________________

5 When ________________________ Sam ________________________?

_____________________________________________________________

6 How long _____________________________________________ married to Ben?

____________________________________________________________

7 How long _____________________________________ in the school in London?

Since _______________________________________________________.

8 When ________________________________________________ meet Troy?

_________________________________________________ summer in 2003.

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9 Comparing lives Create the charts of life for two real or imaginary people. (name)__________________ (name)______________________

Age

now

Age

now

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10 Writing about lives Use the details you wrote in the charts of life in Activity 9. Write about 200 words showing the similarities and differences in the lives of the two people.

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Unit 8: C 1 Prefixes and suffixes Make at least one new word with each base word using either a suffix or a prefix. Use your dictionary to help.

Prefix Base word Suffix

un

in

im

il

dis

mis

agree understand

stress like use

hope thought agree

success stress help

understand care

possible conscious

polite human popular logical taste legal

ful

less

ness

able

ment

ity

agree __disagree, agreement, disagreement_________________________

understand ____________________________________________________________

stress ____________________________________________________________

like ____________________________________________________________

use ____________________________________________________________

hope ____________________________________________________________

thought ____________________________________________________________

agree ____________________________________________________________

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success ____________________________________________________________

stress ____________________________________________________________

help ____________________________________________________________

understand ____________________________________________________________

care ____________________________________________________________

possible ____________________________________________________________

conscious ____________________________________________________________

polite ____________________________________________________________

human ____________________________________________________________

popular ____________________________________________________________

logical ____________________________________________________________

taste ____________________________________________________________

legal ____________________________________________________________

2 Using Prefixes and suffixes Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. 1 Taking exams can be very _____________________ for many people. (stress) 2 He was _____________________ for two days after fell from a tree. (conscious) 3 I’ve been jogging for weeks, but it’s _____________. I haven’t lost any weight! (use) 4 My friend and I get on really well. We rarely have a ____________________. (agree) 5 Hamid is very popular because he’s so _______________________. (like) 6 I’m very __________________ about what I eat. Like things to be very clean. (care) 7 I like Jenny. She’s very kind and ________________________ . (help) 8 He’s has no manners. He’s such an ________________________ boy. (polite) 9 Your idea doesn’t make sense. It’s completely_____________________ . (logical)

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3 Talking about quantity (1) Complete the sentences with the words below. Some items are used more than once. as many as

a few all too much

too many

as much as a little enough

how much any how many 1 A __________________ tea do you drink?

B At least ten cups a day.

A That’s __________________ . You shouldn’t drink _________________ that.

2 A __________________ tablets do you usually take when you have a headache?

B About five or six.

A That’s __________________ . You shouldn’t take ____________________ that.

3 A ___________________________ do you earn?

B $1, 000 a month. But it’s not _______________________ to pay all my bills. 4 A ___________________ people live in your flat?

B Fourteen.

A I think that’s _____________________.

5 A Have you got ___________________ work to do today?

B Far ___________________. I’ll never be able to do it ____________________.

6 A Will you marry me?

B But I’m only sixteen! I’m not old ______________________ to get married. 7 A When did you last visit your grandparents?

B Very recently. Just ________________________ days ago. 8 A Do you take sugar in your coffee?

B Just _________________________.

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4 Writing about quantity Write questions and statements about quantity using the words and phrases. 1 as many as ______________________________________________________ 2 a few ______________________________________________________ 3 all ______________________________________________________ 4 too much ______________________________________________________

5 too many ______________________________________________________ 6 as much as ______________________________________________________ 7 any ______________________________________________________ 8 a little ______________________________________________________ 9 enough ______________________________________________________ 10 how many ______________________________________________________ 11 how much ______________________________________________________ 5 Talking about quantity (2) Work with a partner to ask and answer the questions you wrote in Activity 4.

Do you think you have too much homework?

No. I think it’s just enough.

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6 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. Why is there no does in the second sentence of each pair?

Where does she live? Can you tell me where she lives?

What time does the library close? Do you know what time the library closes? 7 Direct and indirect questions The first question in each pair above is a direct question.

Where does she live? What time does the library close?

The second sentences are indirect questions.

Can you tell me where she lives? Do you know what time the library closes?

8 Indirect questions

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Indirect questions are more polite than direct questions.

2 There are many ways to begin an indirect question.

Could you tell me… Do you know… Have you any idea… Do you remember…. Would you mind telling me…

3 When there is no question word, can use whether or if. I wonder if you know… I don’t know whether you have…

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9 Using direct and indirect questions Complete these sentences asking and answering direct and indirect questions. Example A Where’s the station? B I’m afraid I don’t know where the station is. 1 A Have you any idea ________________________?

B It’s nearly half past three.

2 A Where have I put my keys?

B You’re always forgetting ______________________.

3 A What are you giving your son for his birthday?

B I haven’t decided __________________________ yet.

4 A How long does it take to fly from Bangkok to London?

B I’m not sure___________________________________________________

5 A Whose bag is this?

B I’ve no idea ____________________________________.

6 A Are you coming on the picnic?

B I’m not sure _____________________________________.

7 A Do you know ____________ Mrs Chan _____________?

B Yes, she’s the lady with the long hair, talking to Mr Wong.

8 A How much does Kim earn?

B I have no idea ___________________________________.

9 A Could you tell me _____________________________________________?

B I think the concert starts at 8 o’clock.

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10 Newspaper headlines Write the words in the correct order to make indirect questions about these newspaper headlines.

Oldest Woman in China Celebrates birthday 1 is don’t how she we know old exactly

__________________________________________________________________

2 birthday celebrate wonder going I how she’s her to

__________________________________________________________________

TERRORIST ESCAPES FROM JAIL 3 managed how get nobody out he knows to

__________________________________________________________________

4 helped escape wonder who I to him

__________________________________________________________________

Film star marries wife number 6 5 know didn’t he’d many I been so times married

__________________________________________________________________

6 went wonder I wrong last with marriage what his

__________________________________________________________________

Shock defeat for Brazilian soccer team 7 know what like to the I’d score was

__________________________________________________________________

8 doesn’t headline the say were they against playing who

__________________________________________________________________

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11 Asking direct questions Match a word in A with an item line in B and a line in C to make direct questions.

A B C

What

How

Which

newspaper

person

long

far

kind of

many

much

times have you been on a train?

do you most admire?

films do you like?

do you usually read?

is it to the supermarket from here?

time do you spend studying?

does it take you to get to work?

12 Asking indirect questions Work with a partner to ask and answer indirect questions using the ideas in Activity 11.

Would you mind telling me…?

Could you tell me…?

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13 Interviewing a famous person Imagine you are going to meet a famous person. Write ten questions you would like to ask that person. 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 7 _____________________________________________________________________ 8 _____________________________________________________________________ 9 _____________________________________________________________________ 10 _____________________________________________________________________ 14 Explaining your questions

Write about 200 words describing the person you want to meet and explaining the reasons for the questions you would like to ask him/her.

15 Share with the class for 3 minutes why you want to meet this person, the

questions you wish to ask and why.

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Unit 8: D 1 Questions ending with a preposition

2 Making Questions (1) Make questions from these statements asking about the words in bold. Example Who are you looking at? I’m looking at that girl. 1 __________________________________________________________________? I’m waiting for my teacher. 2 __________________________________________________________________? She works for my uncle in his company.. 3 ______________________________________________________________about? I’m thinking about where to go for my holiday. 4 ___________________________________________________________________? I stayed with my cousins. 5 ___________________________________________________________________? The bag belongs to me. 6 ___________________________________________________________________? The letter is from my old school friend. 7 ___________________________________________________________________? He’s reading a newspaper.

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Many verbs have dependent prepositions.

speak to talk about look for come from thing about point at

2 When we ask a question about the object of the sentence, the preposition usually comes at the end. Who did you speak to? What are you looking for? What is he pointing at? Where does he come from?

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8 ____________________________________________________________________? I’m worried about getting married. 3 Making Questions (2) We sometimes use short questions in our responses. Write short questions for these statements. Use a question word and a preposition. Example Kelly’s in love. Who with? 1 Come over tonight. I need to see you.

_______________________________________________?

2 Bye! I’m leaving now.

_______________________________________________?

3 Give me a tissue. Quick!

________________________________________________?

4 I had dinner in the Grand Hotel last night.

________________________________________________?

5 Jackie was really angry with me.

________________________________________________?

6 Ssh! I’m listening.

_______________________________________________?

7 Don’t you think you should say sorry to them?

_______________________________________________?

8 You’d better tell the teacher.

_______________________________________________?

9 Prem and I had a fight.

_______________________________________________?

10 Eat your noodles.

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_____________________________________? I haven’t got any cutlery.

4 Comparing sentences Look at these pairs of sentences. What is the difference in meaning? What is the purpose of the underlined phrases? It’s hot today. It’s hot today, isn’t it? You’re married to Suzy. You’re married to Suzy, aren’t you? 5 Question tags The underlined phrases in the sentences above are question tags. They are used a lot in spoken English. 6 Question tags

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 The most common question tag patterns are like this.

positive sentence – negative tag You are Cambodian, aren’t you?

negative question – positive tag You aren’t Thai, are you?

2 The repeat the verb in the tag. They are Korean, aren’t they? They aren’t Japanese, are they? 3 We use question tags to make a conversation easier and friendlier. 4 We also use question tags to make polite requests with could.

You couldn’t help me, could you?

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7 Using question tags (1) Match the correct question tag to complete these questions.

1 It’s an interesting book, did he?

2 You enjoy studying, isn’t it?

3 You’ve been to Beijing, didn’t they?

4 He didn’t say that, don’t you?

5 They had a good lesson, haven’t you?

8 Using question tags (2) Write a question tag at the end of these sentences. Example He’s from Korea, isn’t he? 1 You don’t like him, ___________________?

2 You’re going to Cambodia, ______________________?

3 We had a great time, _____________________?

4 It’s hot in here, _______________________?

5 You can’t drive a bus, _______________?

6 You won’t tell her, __________________?

7 We don’t have to leave yet, ________________?

8 I’m so forgetful, __________________?

9 You haven’t met my girlfriend, ______________?

10 They were absent yesterday, _______________?

9 Conversation (1) Complete the conversation between Ken and Anne with a question tag from the box.

didn’t I? isn’t it? am I? haven’t I? K I’ve got a meeting this morning, _______________ ?

A Yes, that’s right. With Mr Foo.

K The meeting’s here, ___________________ ?

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A No, it isn’t. It’s in Mr Foo’s office at 10 o’clock.

K Oh! I’m not meeting anyone else, ________________?

A No, you’re not.

K Oh! I forgot to sign the letter to Mrs Teo, _________________ ?

A Yes, you did. It’s on your desk.

K Thanks.

Practise the conversation with a partner. 10 Conversation (2) Add three question tags to this conversation. A It’s good news.

B What is?

A Well, they’re moving him to another office.

B Who?

A Tommy.

B Tommy knows about?

A Oh yes. You’re surprised.

11 Conversations with question tags Work with a partner to write three short conversations using question tags. When you have finished, act your conversations to the class.

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12 More common multi-word verbs Use a dictionary to check the meanings of these multi-word verbs. take up (time)

________________________________________________

go on (=happen)

________________________________________________

keep on (doing sth)

________________________________________________

fall out with sb

________________________________________________

carry on with

________________________________________________

let sb down

________________________________________________

tell sb off

________________________________________________

come across

________________________________________________

put up with

________________________________________________

set off

________________________________________________

come on!

________________________________________________

pick sb up

________________________________________________

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13 Using common multi-word verbs Add the correct multi-word verb to these sentences. The meaning is given in brackets. 1 Why is there so much noise? What’s ____________________? (happen)

2 We need to ____________________ at 6 a.m., so we’d better go to bed early. (begin

a journey)

3 I ____________________ some old photographs when I was cleaning the cupboard.

(find by accident)

4 I have to get out of here. I can’t _____________________ the noise any more.

(tolerate)

5 I love playing computer games, but it _____________________ so much time. I

never do any homework. (fill or occupy)

6 After everyone left, I _______________ working for another three hours. (continue)

7 I’ll _________________ you ____________________ at your house at 7.00 and

we’ll go to party in my car. (collect in a car)

8 I ________________ my son _______________ for playing with his football in the in

the house. (speak angrily to sb for doing sth wrong)

9 My parents expect me to pass all my exams. I hope I don’t ______________ them

_____________. (disappoint)

10 He’s ___________________ with his girlfriend again. (have a quarrel)

11 _______________________. You can do it if you really try. (said to encourage sb to

try harder)

12 I need to buy a new computer. Mine just ____________________ crashing.

(continue)

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Unit 9: A 1 The human body Make a list of all the parts of the body that you know.

Reading Comprehension: Mongolian Wrestling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongolia_wrestler1999.jpg by wikimongol

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mongolian_warriors.jpg

A

Mongolian wrestling also has certain codes of conduct that that governs proper etiquette. For example, when a wrestler's clothes get loose or entangled, his opponent is expected to stop attacking and help the former to re-arrange them even though it might mean giving up a good winning opportunity. Also, when one contestant throws the other to the ground, he is supposed to help the latter get back on his feet, before he dances his way out of the field. Whether winning or losing, good manners dictate that the two opponents shake hands and salute each other and the audience, both prior to and after a bout.

B

Nowadays, wrestling events traditionally take place in the end of July or early August, during a festival called Naadam (Play). A Naadam is time for some fun and relaxation- a combined event of entertainment, sports, and commerce. Wrestling matches are held in the open on a grassy field, or bare dirt ground not too hard or littered with gravel. There are no weight classes. A small wrestler can end up wrestling someone twice his size. Being a competitive sport, rank can only be attained during the Naadam festival. The number of rounds won by each wrestler determines rank. In ascending order, the ranks are: unranked, bird (5th round), elephant (7th round), lion (9th round) and titan (winner with lion rank). Additional two ranks, hawk (6th round) and garuda (8th round) were introduced in 2003.

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C

The object of a match is to get your opponent to touch his upper body or elbow to the ground. In the Inner Mongolian version, any body part other than the feet touching the ground signals defeat. There are no weight classes or time limits in a match. Each wrestler must wrestle once per round, the winners moving on to the next round. The technical rules between the Mongolian version and what is found in Inner Mongolia have some divergence. In both versions a variety of throws, trips and lifts are employed to topple the opponent. The Inner Mongolians cannot touch their opponent's legs with their hands, whereas, in Mongolia, grabbing your opponent's legs is completely legal. However, striking, strangling or locking is illegal in both varieties. In summary, the various styles agree that to win, one wrestler must cause the other’s knees or any part of the leg above the ankles, shoulder blade or hand to touch the ground. At no time must a wrestler strike another’s face or head.

D

One of the defining features of bökh is a dance wrestlers perform as they enter and exit the contest field. Different regions and tribes have different dancing styles. Mongol wrestling dance has its original forms in shamanistic rituals where people imitated movements of various animals. In Mongolia the wrestler imitates falcons or “phoenix” taking off whereas in Inner Mongolia, the dance is supposed to be a mimicking of lions or tigers prancing. Another major variation, popular among Mongols of Inner Mongolia's northeastern Khülünbüir region, resembles deer bounding. All considered, the ritual dance of inner Mongolia seems more strikingly robust-looking, partly due to the wrestler’s dazzling apparel and partly the style of the dance itself. In contrast, the phoenix style of Mongolia appears to exhibit a greater degree of elegance.

E

Mongolian wrestling or Bokh is a traditional style of wrestling that has been practised in Mongolia for centuries. Wrestling, together with horsemanship and archery, is one of Mongolia’s age-old "Three Manly Skills" Even the great Mongol leader, Genghis Khan, considered wrestling to be an important way to keep his army in good physical and combat shape. Through the centuries, Mongols have wrestled for fun, fitness and to prove their martial prowess.

F

The outfit of the wrestler has been developed over the ages to reflect simplicity and mobility, as well as the gender of the wrestler. The standard gear of a wrestler includes a jacket called the Jodag. It is a tight, collarless, heavy-duty short-sleeved jacket of red or blue color. Traditionally made of wool, modern wrestlers have changed to looser materials such as cotton and silk. The front is open, but tied at the back with a simple string knot, thus exposing the wrestler’s chest. According to legend, a wrestler defeated all other combatants and then ripped open the jodag to reveal her breasts, showing to all

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she was a woman. From that day, the jodag had to reveal the wrestler's chest. Inner Mongolian wrestlers may also wear a jangga, a necklace decorated with strands of colorful silk ribbons. It is awarded to those who have gained considerable renown through contests.

G

Today, apart from its aesthetic value, the dance is also regarded as a warm-up and cool-down procedure before and after an intense fight. Good wrestlers treat the dance with great earnest and are often better dancers. Thanks to wrestling activists' tireless and ingenious efforts, this unique dance has become one of the integral and indispensable aspect of the wrestling tradition. Mongolian wrestling is a sight to behold. It is a combination of history and culture, strength and beauty reflected in the celebration of a thousand-year tradition.

Read through the different paragraphs and underline all the words that identify parts of the body.

Read through the passage and underline all the action words related to parts of the body and identify which part of the body does the action.

These are different headings that can be used for the different paragraphs. Label the corresponding alphabet next to the heading. Re-arrange the headings so that the passage flows in the correct order.

A gentleman’s sport _________________

Beauty and Power _________________

A ritual of animals and colours ________________

The meaning of the wrestling attire ________________

Do’s and don’ts of wrestling ________________

The history of wrestling ________________

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Having fun while remembering ________________

one’s culture

2 What can your body do? Work with a partner to identify which parts of the body you use to do these things. Use a dictionary to help you. hold _________________

think ________________ stare _________________

drop _________________ bite _________________ kick _________________

chew _________________

point ________________ hug _________________

hit ___________________

climb _______________ whistle ______________

lick __________________

blink ________________ kiss _________________

3 Using verbs Match a verb from Activity 2 with each of the following items.

1 ___________________ a ladder

2 ___________________ into an apple

3 ___________________ litter on the street

4 ___________________ me on the cheek

5 ___________________ at someone

6 ___________________ a tune

7 ___________________ about a problem

8 ___________________ a football

9 ___________________ your grandfather

10 ___________________ a finger

11 ___________________ a nail with a hammer

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12 ___________________ gum

13 ___________________ an ice-cream

14 ___________________ your it in your hands

4 Understanding idioms Look at these idioms. What do you think they mean? 1 hold your breath __________________________________________

2 kiss something goodbye __________________________________________

3 hit the roof __________________________________________

4 think twice (about something) __________________________________________

5 kick the habit __________________________________________

6 drop someone a line __________________________________________

Do you have similar idioms in your language? 5 Using idioms (1) Complete these sentences with the idioms in Activity 4. You might need to change the form of the verb.

1 When you swim under water, you need to _________________________________ 2 Danny’s parents ______________________________ when he failed all his exams. 3 He’s tried so many times to stop gambling, but he can’t _______________________ 4 Suzy _____________________________ about marrying Kenji when she saw him

kissing another girl. 5 A I left my bag with my wallet in it on the bus. B Well, you can ______________ your money ____________________ 6 I will _______________________ by email to let you know when I’m coming. 6 Using idioms (2) Answer these questions using one of the idioms from above. 1 What makes you hit the roof?

_____________________________________________________________________

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2 Have you kissed goodbye to anything?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 How often do you drop your friends a line?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What have you had to think twice about doing?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 When have you needed to hold your breath?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Have you tried to kick a habit?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Reporting

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 When we report what someone said, we put the verb in the past the tense.

‘I am happy.’ He said that he was happy. 2 The form of the verb changes when we report what someone said.

‘I work for KFC.’ She said that she worked for KFC.

‘I am working for KFC.’ She said that she was working for KFC.

‘I worked for KFC.’ She said that she had worked for KFC.

‘I was working for KFC.’ She said that she had been working for KFC.

‘I have worked for KFC.’ She said that she had worked for FTC.

‘I will work for KFC.’ She said she would work for KFC.

‘I may/can work for KFC.’ She said she might/could work for KFC.

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8 Reporting speech Report what this person said. 1 I am eating. ______________________________________________________

2 I have eaten. ______________________________________________________

3 I will eat. ______________________________________________________

4 I was eating. ______________________________________________________

5 I might eat. ______________________________________________________

6 I ate. ______________________________________________________

9 Reporting words and thoughts Rewrite these direct statements into reported statements. Example ‘I’ll love you very much,’ he said to her. He told her that he’d loved her very much. 1 ‘I’m going to Australia soon.’

He said _____________________________________________________________.

2 ‘The visit to the museum will be interesting.’

I thought ____________________________________________________________.

3 ‘I can’t help you because I’m very busy.’

He said _____________________________________________________________.

4 ‘Jane cooked the food.’

I was told ____________________________________________________________.

5 ‘I think it’s a crazy idea, and it won’t work.’

He said _____________________________________________________________.

6 ‘The exam is between 9.00 and 11.00.’

The teacher explained __________________________________________________.

7 ‘I can improve my English.’

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He believed __________________________________________________________.

8 ‘I’ve never been to Singapore,’ he said to me.

He told ______________________________________________________________.

10 Comparing sentences Look at these sentences. Which sentence is a reported question and which is a reported request?

She asked me if I had been there before. She asked them to stop making a noise.

Discuss your idea with a partner. 11 Reported questions

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 When we report a question that begins with a question word, the word order

changes. ‘Where is the teacher?’ She asked me where the teacher was. ‘How long is the film?’ He asked me how long the film was. 2 When we report a question that is answered with ‘yes’ or ‘no’, we use if or

whether. ‘Are you working late?’

He asked me if I was working late. He asked me whether I was working late. 3 The reported question does not have a questions mark.

‘Are you working late?’

He asked me if I was working late.

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12 Writing reported questions (1) Report these questions. Example ‘What are you doing?’ She asked me what I was doing. 1 ‘Do you want to go out on Saturday?’

She asked me _________________________________________________________.

2 ‘Why are you late?’ they asked us.

They wondered _______________________________________________________.

3 ‘May I use your pen?’

He asked me _________________________________________________________.

4 ‘Where does your friend come from?’

My mother asked me ___________________________________________________.

5 ‘How long are you going to be studying in England?’

He wanted to know ____________________________________________________.

6 ‘When do you have to go to school?’

He asked me _________________________________________________________.

7 ‘Did you send an email to Enlai?’

She wondered ________________________________________________________.

8 ‘Will you be back late?’

He asked her _________________________________________________________.

13 Writing direct questions Mr Velu (V) is talking to his bank manager (M) about getting a loan. Complete their conversation with suitable direct questions. M Come and sit down, Mr Velu.

V Thank you.

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M You want to borrow some money. (1) ____________________________?

V One hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

M (2) ____________________________?

V Because I want to buy a house.

M I see. Could you give me some personal details? (3) __________________________?

V I’m an office manager.

M And (4) _________________________?

V Thirty five thousand dollars a year.

M (5) ____________________________?

V Yes, I am. I’ve been married for five years.

M (6) ____________________________?

V Yes, we’ve got one.

M I see you live in a flat. (7) ____________?

V We’ve lived there for two years.

M Well, that seems fine. There shouldn’t be any problems. (8) ___________________?

V I’d like it as soon as possible, really.

M All right. I’ll see what I can do.

14 Writing reported questions (2) Report the bank manager’s questions in Activity 13. 1 First he asked Mr Velu __________________________________________________ 2 Then he wanted to know ________________________________________________ 3 He needed to know _____________________________________________________ 4 He had to tell him ______________________________________________________ 5 Then he asked ________________________________________________________

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6 He also wanted to know _________________________________________________ 7 He asked him _________________________________________________________ 8 Finally he wanted to know _______________________________________________ 15 Interviewing an eye witness – Group Role Play

One of you witnessed a violent crime in your neighbourhood. Discuss in your group what questions the police will ask the witness. Role-play for the class the interview between the police and the eye-witness. 16 Writing Task

“All forms of physical violence in society should be frowned upon and discouraged.” How far do you agree with this statement? Write about 250 words.

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Unit 9: B 1 Ask and tell

2 Using ask and tell Answer these questions with ask and tell. 1 If you saw someone stealing, would you tell anyone? Who would you tell?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 If someone asked you to keep a secret, would you tell anyone the secret?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Is it sometimes okay to tell lies?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What do you think is the most important question a person can ask?

GRAMMAR CHECK 1 Ask can be used to report questions and commands.

Questions He asked her where she lived. He asked me if I wanted a drink. Commands He asked me to turn the music down.

2 Tell can be used to report statements and commands, but the form is different.

Statements He told me he was very tired. He told his wife that he loved her. Commands He told them to stop talking.

3 Tell is used to report negative commands. He asked me not to tell his mother. He told his student not to worry.

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_____________________________________________________________________

3 Statements, questions, and commands Report these sentences using a suitable form of ask or tell. 1 ‘Go away!’ she said to him.

____________________________________________________________________

2 ‘Please don’t leave!’ he asked her.

____________________________________________________________________

3 ‘I’m going to work now,’ he said.

____________________________________________________________________

4 ‘How much is your salary?’ asked Wendy

_____________________________________________________________________

5 ‘Be quiet!’ said the teacher to the class.

____________________________________________________________________

6 ‘Can you call again later?’ asked the Susan.

____________________________________________________________________

7 ‘You all passed the test,’ said the teacher to the class.

____________________________________________________________________

8 ‘Don’t feed the animals!’ the zoo keeper told the children.

____________________________________________________________________

9 ‘Are you ready to leave?’ Sam asked Beth.

____________________________________________________________________

10 ‘It’s time to go to bed now!’ said Jim to his children.

____________________________________________________________________

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4 Other reporting verbs Match these reporting verbs with the direct speech in the sentences below. ask beg order invite tell refuse advise remind 1 ‘Sign your name here,’ the officer said to her. ____________ 2 ‘Please can you help me with this?’ Norah said to Malik. ____________ 3 ‘Don’t forget to finish your homework,’ Kelly said to her son. ____________ 4 ‘Please, please marry me. I need you,’ Jiang said to Mei Ling. ____________ 5 ‘We would like you to come our party,’ Nick said to his friend. ____________ 6 ‘I won’t do my homework’ Devi said. ____________ 7 ‘You should talk to your boss about it;’ Banu said to Sam. ____________ 8 ‘Stop doing that right now!’ the teacher said to the boy. ____________ 5 Reporting speech Rewrite the sentences in Activity 4 using reported speech.

Example 1 ‘Sign your name here,’ the officer said to her. The officer told her to sign her name.

2 _____________________________________________________________________

3 _____________________________________________________________________

4 _____________________________________________________________________

5 _____________________________________________________________________

6 _____________________________________________________________________

7 _____________________________________________________________________

8 _____________________________________________________________________

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6 More reporting verbs Look at these groups of reporting verbs. Use a dictionary to check their meanings.

complain admit deny

suggest boast

that …

refuse offer agree

promise

to do …

Verb Meaning

1 complain ____________________________________________

2 admit ____________________________________________

3 deny ____________________________________________

4 suggest ____________________________________________

5 boast ____________________________________________

6 refuse ____________________________________________

7 offer ____________________________________________

8 agree ____________________________________________

9 promise ____________________________________________

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7 Writing with reporting verbs Report these sentences using one of the verbs in the boxes in Activity 6. Example ‘I think it would be better for you to go to bed.’ The doctor said to Tim. The doctor suggested that Tim went to bed.

1 ‘Okay. I’ll lend you my laptop but be careful with it.’ Polly said to Tom.

____________________________________________________________________

2 ‘Yes, it was me. I broke your cup,’ said Jack.

____________________________________________________________________

3 ‘I didn’t steal the money,’ said Benny.

____________________________________________________________________

4 ‘I have ten houses, fifteen cars and two yachts,’ said the millionaire.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 ‘I’ll do all of my homework, really I will,’ Ravi said.

____________________________________________________________________

6 ‘Ugh! This food is awful!’ said Hamid.

____________________________________________________________________

7 ‘I will never help you to cheat in the exam!’ Billy said to Alan.

____________________________________________________________________

8 ‘I’ll cook dinner tonight, if you like,’ Kenji said to Mei Ling.

____________________________________________________________________

9 ‘What about if we meet on Monday? Would that be okay?’ Mandy said. ‘Sure. That’s

fine,’ said Jane.

_____________________________________________________________________

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8 Multi-word verbs with two particles Use a dictionary to check the meanings of these multi-word verbs. look back on

_____________________________________________________

keep away from

_____________________________________________________

carry on with

_____________________________________________________

grow out of

_____________________________________________________

look forward to

_____________________________________________________

get on with (sb)

_____________________________________________________

run out of

_____________________________________________________

cut down on

_____________________________________________________

look down on

_____________________________________________________

put up with

_____________________________________________________

9 Using multi-word verbs (1) Complete the following sentences using multi-word verbs in Activity 8. 1 We’ve ___________________________ tea. We need to buy some more. 2 I’m getting fat. I need to _______________________ the amount of food I eat. 3 Jim was so busy he had to __________________________ his work during the lunch

hour. 4 That dog is dangerous. _______________________________ it.

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5 Mrs Ching is rich and proud. She_____________________________ poor people. 6 My sons _______________________ their clothes so quickly. I have to buy new

things every month. 7 How do you _____________________ your classmates? Are you all friends? 8 How do you __________________________ your wife’s terrible cooking? 9 Sometimes it’s good to ____________________________ the past. 10 I’m really ____________________________ going to Australia. I’m so excited. 10 Using multi-word verbs (2) Answer these questions. Use the multi-word verbs in your answers.

1 Is there anything you could cut down on?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Why might some people look down on others?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 What are you looking forward to?

_____________________________________________________________________

4 What memories do you have when you look back on your primary school days?

_____________________________________________________________________

5 What sort of places should children keep away from?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 What do you do with your clothes when you grow out of them?

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Which member of your family do you get on with the best?

_____________________________________________________________________

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8 What things do you have to put up with that you don’t like?

_____________________________________________________________________

9 What do you do when you run out of money?

_____________________________________________________________________

10 How long do you want to carry on with your English lessons?

_____________________________________________________________________

11 Looking back (1) Think about a problem you or someone you know had. Answer these questions. Who gave advice? What kind of advice was given? How was the problem dealt with? 12 Looking back (2) Use the notes you made in Activity 11. Write 200 words about the problem and what was done about it.

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Unit 9: C 1 Talking about time (1) Read the following sentences carefully. What do you think the words in bold mean? Use a dictionary to help you. 1 At the time of the accident, I was standing near the road. 2 At one time, President Obama lived in Indonesia. 3 I usually live in Beijing, but I’m studying in Shanghai for the time being. 4 I’m quite happy in my new job, but at times I miss my old friends. 5 My teacher is never late for lessons. He always arrives on time. at the time ______________________________________________________ at one time ______________________________________________________ for the time being ______________________________________________________ at times ______________________________________________________ on time ______________________________________________________ 2 Complete the sentences Read these sentences carefully and complete them with a suitable item from the list.

at the time at one time for the time being

at times on time 1 The trains are very good in this country. They always leave _____________________ 2 My mother is sick, so she is staying in hospital _______________________________ 3 He’s quite happy in his overseas job, but he misses his wife_____________________ 4 ________________________________________ Hong Kong was a British colony. 5 I met my wife in 2002. _______________________________ we were both students.

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3 Talking about time (1) Read these explanations of some more common expressions with time. 1 If you are very busy and need to hurry, you can say, ‘I’m pressed for time.’ 2 When something or someone is out-dated or old fashioned, we can say it or he/she is

behind the times. 3 If something happened before you were born or before you came to a particular place,

you can say, ‘That was before my time.’ 4 When you want to say that something happened very quickly, you can say it

happened in no time or in next to no time. 5 If you want to say that two contrasting things are true or that more than one thing is

happening, you can say they happen at the same time.

4 Using time expressions (1) Read these sentences and complete them with a suitable preposition. Then explain what the expressions mean.

in behind at before in for 1 I’m sorry. I can’t meet you right now. I’m pressed ____________________ time. 2 My father can’t use a computer. He is really ______________ the times. 3 My parents lived in Shanghai, but that was _______________ my time.

4 Danny is happy about is new job Canada, but ______________ the same time he is worried about using English.

5 Your English should improve ______________ no time if you go to live in an

English-speaking country

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5 Using time expressions (1) Complete these dialogues with suitable expressions with time. 1 Wu: I’m going to study English in Sydney. Fan: That’s great! You’ll improve ___________________________________. 2 Lee: Did your father work for Sony?

Wee: Yes, but that was _____________________________________. He was already working for Haier when I was born.

3 Mark: Teacher, could I see you for a few minutes?

Ali: Sorry, not now. I’m __________________________________________. 4 Fong: Are you looking forward to studying in London? Wong: Yes, but ____________________________________ I’m rather nervous. 5 Len: My computer has a black and white screen. Sam: Oh, it’s really _______________________________________________. 6 Writing about time Write some sentences about yourself using time. 1 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

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7 Birth, marriage and death (1) Write these words and phrases in the correct column. Use your dictionary to check their meanings. honeymoon

______________________

coffin

______________________

pregnant

______________________

mourners

______________________

funeral

______________________

groom

______________________

get divorced

______________________

bouquet

______________________

bury

______________________

have a baby

______________________

wedding

______________________

widow

______________________

midwife

______________________

reception

______________________

cot

______________________

nappy

______________________

wreath

______________________

get engaged

______________________

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8 Birth, marriage and death (2) Complete this table by putting the words and phrases from Activity 7 into the correct boxes.

Birth Marriage Death

9 Talking about birth Fill the gaps in these sentences with one of the words in the box.

birth birthday born

1 Where were you _____________________?

2 When is your _____________________?

3 I was ____________________ in Malaysia.

4 She gave ____________________ to a beautiful, healthy little girl.

5 What is your place of _______________________.

6 Congratulations on the ______________________ of your first child.

7 Are you doing anything special for your ______________________ this year?

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10 Talking about death Fill the gaps in these sentences with one of the words in the box.

dying dead died death die 1 My grandmother ____________________ in 2001. 2 Her brother’s __________________ came as a great shock. He was only 26. 3 Those fish have ____________________. You should throw them away. 4 Millions of animals _______________ every year so that we can eat meat. 5 Our old cat is __________________. All we can do is take care of her until the end. 6 She screamed when she saw the stiff, ________________ mouse in her kitchen. 7 My grandfather ___________________ three years ago. My grandmother has been

________________ for many years. 8 ‘When did your dog ___________________? What did it ____________ of?’ ‘He got hit by a car. One moment he was playing and then he was ______________.’ 11 A life story Here are the opening and closing lines of a short story of a long life. ‘Harry Chan was born one hot, summer night in ………………………………. He died aged ninety-nine, with a peaceful look on his face. Over a ten thousand mourners went to his funeral.’ Work with a partner to write the story of the main events of Harry’s life. Use as many of the items from Activity 1 as possible. When you have finished, read your story to the class.

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12 Talking about life events Make some notes on what happens at births, weddings, and funerals in your country or family? Births Weddings Funerals

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13 Talking about life events Use the notes you made in Activity 6 to tell your classmates about what happens at births, weddings, and funerals in your country or family. 14 Writing about life events Read the following passage

Courtship, marriage, and divorce in Cambodia

In Cambodia, premarital sex is a no-no. Choosing a spouse is a complex task one for the young male, and it may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. Courtship patterns differ between rural and urban Khmer; romantic love is a notion that exists to a much greater extent in larger cities. A man usually marries between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five, a girl between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. In rural areas, there is a form of bride-service; that is, the young man may take a vow to serve his prospective father-in-law for a period of time.

Bride and groom at a Cambodian wedding

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. After

When a child is born, we…?

We celebrate the birth of a baby by…?

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the wedding, a banquet is held. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and relatively easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but the woman must wait ten months. Custody of minor children is usually given to the mother, and both parents continue to have an obligation to contribute financially toward the rearing and education of the child

Write a 150 word summary on the process of finding a spouse to the actual wedding itself.

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Unit 9: D Review 1 1 Questions Complete the questions. 1 Where _______________________________________________________________ I was born in Penang, Malaysia. 2 When _______________________________________________________________ I started learning English when I was ten years old. 3 How long ____________________________________________________________ I’ve been married for twelve years. 4 How often ____________________________________________________________ I travel on business about five times a year. 5 Who ________________________________________________________________ I usually travel with my boss. 6 What ________________________________________________________________ I’m an engineer. 7 How many ___________________________________________________________ I’ve been doing this job for about six years. 8 Why ________________________________________________________________ I chose it because I’m interested in how things work. 2 be, do, have Complete these sentences using the correct positive or negative form of be, do, and have. 1 What ______________ you doing when I called you? 2 ________________ you ever read anything by Shakespeare? 3 ________________ you study last night? 4 I __________________ watch the football on TV last night. Was it good? 5 I __________________ met the new teacher yet. 6 When _______________ you usually wake up?

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3 Vocabulary Do the items in box come after do, have, go, play or make? Put them in the correct column in the table below. the washing

a decision sightseeing a party

the shopping

a headache golf a phone call

a mistake

your homework home a good time

sports

on holiday basketball the shopping

exercise a shower chess swimming

do have go play make

4 Writing Write a short paragraph about what you did last week. Use do, have, go, play and make.

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5 Future forms Complete this conversation using the verb in brackets in the correct form and will, going to or the Present Continuous. A _________________ you _________________ (go) on holiday in the spring?

B I’m not sure. In the summer we ___________________ (visit) friends in Singapore,

so I think perhaps we _____________________(stay) here in the spring. What about

you?

A We _______________________ (rent) a house near the beach in Phuket. It

_______________________ (be) our first visit to Thailand. Suki is ______________

(have) a baby in the summer, so we can’t go anywhere then.

B Thailand! That’s a great idea. Perhaps we ___________________ (do) the same.

A Okay. Maybe we _____________________ (see) you there!

6 Using like Read these answers and write the questions with like. 1 _____________________________________________________________________ He’s short and fat, and he has only a little hair. 2 _____________________________________________________________________ She’s quiet and shy, but she’s very friendly when you get to know her better. 3 _____________________________________________________________________ Terrible! It rained all week, so we couldn’t go anywhere. 4 _____________________________________________________________________ I’m not sure. We could go to the cinema. 5 _____________________________________________________________________ I love play computer games, and I like watching football on TV. 6 _____________________________________________________________________ It’s delicious. 7 Conditionals and time Join a phrase in A with a time expression in B and an item in C to make 12 sentences. Use each time word twice.

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A B C

I’d buy a new car I’ll clean up my room I’ll tell you If you want a ticket, you should call the cinema What will she do I’m playing this game now, but I’ll help you You’ll know him Do you have breakfast

when

if

before

as soon as

you see him my guests arrive I finish it. I had some money. you leave home in the morning? she fails the exam? the ticket office opens. the meal is ready.

1 _____________________________________________________________________ 2 _____________________________________________________________________ 3 _____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________ 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 6 _____________________________________________________________________ 7 _____________________________________________________________________ 8 _____________________________________________________________________ 9 _____________________________________________________________________ 10 _____________________________________________________________________ 11 _____________________________________________________________________ 12 _____________________________________________________________________

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8 Adjectives and strong adjectives Put these adjectives in the correct column in the table. Use a dictionary to help you. cold

dirty pretty surprised

tasty

astonished freezing outstanding

funny

frightened difficult delicious

hilarious

tired good beautiful

filthy terrified impossible exhausted

Adjective Strong adjective

9 Using adjectives (1) Complete these sentences with suitable items from Activity 8. 1 The meal was ____________________. I really enjoyed it. 2 I’ve been walking all day. I’m absolutely ________________________. 3 I was ____________________ to see her. I thought she had gone to Manila. 4 The TV show was ______________________. The jokes were really funny. 5 The exam was quite _____________________, but I managed to pass it. 6 Jenny is the best student in the school. Her work is really _____________________

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10 Using adjectives (2) Answer these questions using strong adjectives. 1 What is the most beautiful place you have seen?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2 What is the most delicious food you have ever tasted?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3 When have you been really exhausted?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Have you been terrified of anything? What was it?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Why do you think some people are frightened of spiders?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6 What is the filthiest place you have been to?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

7 What should you do to be an outstanding student?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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11 Writing What is the most astonishing thing you have seen? Write about 200 words describing the thing that astonished you.

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Unit 10: A Review 2 1 Indirect questions Complete these answers. 1 Where does Ali work?

I have no idea _________________________________________________________

2 Do you want to go out on Saturday?

I don’t know __________________________________________________________

3 How many people are there in Vietnam?

I have no idea _________________________________________________________

4 Did Andy bring the books?

I don’t know __________________________________________________________

5 How much money do you have in the bank?

I’m sorry. I can’t tell you ________________________________________________

6 What’s the name of the new teacher?

I can’t remember ______________________________________________________

7 Did Kenji take his books back to the library?

I’m not sure __________________________________________________________

8 Where did you put the keys?

I can’t remember ______________________________________________________

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2 Reported statements and questions Change the direct speech in this conversation into reported speech. Tom ‘How are you, Pam?’

Tom asked Pam ____________________________________________________

Pam ‘Fine, thanks.’

Pam said __________________________________________________________

Tom ‘I haven’t seen you for ages. What have you been doing?’

Tom said __________________________________________________________

and he asked her ____________________________________________________

Pam ‘I’ve been away. I spent six months in Indonesia.’

Pam replied _______________________________________________________

She said __________________________________________________________

Tom ‘What do you think of Indonesia?’

Tom asked ________________________________________________________

Pam ‘The people are kind and friendly, and the food is delicious.’

Pam said _________________________________________________________

and that __________________________________________________________

Tom ‘Are you going to stay in this country now?’

Tom asked Pam ____________________________________________________

Pam ‘No, I’m going to work in Malaysia next month. I will be there for a year.’

Pam said __________________________________________________________

and that ___________________________________________________________

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3 Reported commands Complete these sentences with suitable verb that can be used to report the speech. reminded

asked told refused warned

ordered advised offered invited begged 1 ‘Would you like to come to the beach with us?’

They ________________ him to go to the beach with them.

2 ‘Could you turn on the fan, please?’

He ____________________ her to turn on the fan.

3 ‘Stop talking!’

The teacher __________________ the students to stop talking.

4 ‘Don’t forget to do your homework.’

She __________________ me to do my homework.

5 ‘Okay, open your books and turn to page 25.’

The teacher ___________________ them to open their books.

6 ‘Please, please buy me that dress, Daddy.’

Ting Ting __________________ her father to buy the dress.

7 ‘Don’t play near the road. It’s very dangerous.’

He ____________________ the children not to play near the road.

8 ‘I’ll help you with your work.’

She __________________ to help me with my work.

9 ‘I won’t help you with your work.’

He __________________ to help me with my work.

10 ‘You need to improve your grammar.’

She ______________________ him to improve his grammar.

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4 Using be, do and have Complete these sentences with the correct positive or negative form of be, do and have. 1 That’s my wife over there. She ____________________ wearing a blue dress. 2 ___________________ you ever been to Hong Kong? 3 Where _________________ she live? 4 I can’t use the car because I ____________________ passed my driving test yet. 5 Rice _____________________ grown in many countries in Asia. 6 Who __________________ you talking to on the phone this last night? 7 When I arrived, they __________________ having lunch. 8 He _________________ usually play football on weekdays. He prefers to play on

Saturday. 5 Irregular past tense verbs Write the Past Simple form of these irregular verbs. 1 wear ___________________________

2 lose ___________________________

3 catch ___________________________

4 think ___________________________

5 fall ___________________________

6 grow ___________________________

7 write ___________________________

8 become ___________________________

9 fly ___________________________

10 teach ___________________________

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6 Making questions Use information in the table to write a suitable question for these answers given below. Ali Billy and Jean Nationality

Malaysian

Australian

Occupation

Engineer

Doctors

City

Kuala Lumpur

Melbourne

Holiday last year

2 weeks in India

3 weeks in China

Holiday this year

10 days in Egypt

One month in England visiting relatives

1 _____________________________________________________________________ They come from Australia. 2 _____________________________________________________________________ He comes from Malaysia. 3 _____________________________________________________________________ He lives in Kuala Lumpur. 4 _____________________________________________________________________ They are doctors. 5 _____________________________________________________________________ India. 6 _____________________________________________________________________ Three weeks. 7 _____________________________________________________________________ Ten days. 8 _____________________________________________________________________ They want to visit their relatives.

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7 Verb patterns Choose the correct verb forms for these sentences. 1 They invited me stay / to stay / staying at their house.

2 I can’t stand wash up/ to wash up / washing up.

3 Please let me know / to know / knowing your new address.

4 She forgot send / to send / sending the email.

5 I don’t mind cook / to cook / cooking dinner tonight.

6 The work was difficult, so we often stopped have / to have / having a break.

7 He’s hilarious. He always makes us laugh / to laugh / laughing.

8 The teacher told the students open / to open / opening their books.

8 Correcting sentences There is a mistake in each of these sentences. Find it and write the correct sentence. 1 Where are she born?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 On Sundays he is usually waking up late.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I no could ride a bike until I was ten.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Jane is a nurse. She have to wear a uniform.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 During I was in the library, I wrote two essays.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 You shouldn’t to listen to your MP3 in the lesson.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 We didn’t allowed to park our car here.

_____________________________________________________________________

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9 Word order Write the words in the correct order. 1 reading / while / book / I / rang / was / phone / a / the

_____________________________________________________________________

2 he / been / Canada / has / to / ever?

_____________________________________________________________________

3 email / had / couldn’t / she / lost / him / address / she / his / because

_____________________________________________________________________

4 at / we / work / smoke / aren’t / to / allowed

_____________________________________________________________________

5 do / what / you / get / have / time / leave / to?

_____________________________________________________________________

6 to / my / with / brother / me / invited / stay/ him

_____________________________________________________________________

7 start / what / the / does / time / match / football?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Singapore / is / sister / in / next / my / to / going / week / work

_____________________________________________________________________

9 game / who / think / win / will / do / the / you?

_____________________________________________________________________

10 course / this / have / enjoyed / you?

_____________________________________________________________________

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Unit 10: B Review 3 1 Conditionals Use the prompts to write a sentence in the first or the second conditional

1 If I / feel better later / I go back to work.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 If I / find your bag / I / bring it to you.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 If I / be the President / I / spend / more money on education.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 If I / finish / my work / I / come / with you

_____________________________________________________________________

5 If I / have / more time / I / help them

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Adjectives with prefixes Use un, in, or im to make the negative form of these adjectives. Use a dictionary to help you. 1 possible ________________________

2 comfortable ________________________

3 tidy ________________________

4 believable ________________________

5 sociable ________________________

6 sensitive ________________________

7 polite ________________________

8 reliable ________________________

9 active ________________________

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3 Time expressions Complete these sentences with in, on, at, ago, for, since or nothing. 1 I left school __________________ 2005.

2 What are you doing ______________ next weekend?

3 I like to wake up _______________ 7.30 every morning.

4 She moved here three years ______________

5 He’d been practising for many years ______________ he gave his first concert.

6 She was born _______________ 26 May 1988.

7 The rainy season begins _______________ January.

8 I always eat rice ______________ lunch.

9 They got married two months ______________

10 I’ve been living here __________________ I was a child.

4 Compound nouns Complete these sentences with a compound noun using room, traffic or card. 1 Please take a seat in the ______________________________. The doctor will see

you in five minutes. 2 I don’t have any cash. May I pay buy _________________________. 3 I’ve been stuck in a __________________________ for two hours. Everything was

moving slowly. 4 The two businessmen exchanged _______________________________. 5 The students were waiting in the _________________________ for the teacher. 6 All the _______________________ are on green! It’s so dangerous. 7 Most families watch TV together in their ______________________. 8 You can’t borrow that book from here if you don’t have your ___________________ 9 There was a terrible __________________________. Two cars and a motorbike

crashed.

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5 Multi-word verbs Match a verb from A with an item from B to complete the sentences below. Write the verb in the correct form.

A B

pick

take

cut

look

go

off

out

up

1 Could you _________________________ this word in your dictionary? 2 Hello. Hello… Hello? Oh dear, we’ve been __________________________ 3 We ______________________________ from the airport exactly on time. 4 I ___________________________ Thai very quickly when I was living in Bangkok. 5 The lights ____________________________ all over the city during the storm. 6 Numbers Match the numbers and words.

Numbers Words

1888

$18.88

188.8

18.88%

eighteen point eight eight percent

a hundred and eighty eight point eight

eighteen dollars and eighty eight cents

eighteen eighty eight

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7 Passives Rewrite these active sentences to make them passive. 1 The Chinese invented fireworks.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 They have recently discovered gold in the hill near here.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 More people will lose there jobs.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 You must not park your car in this area.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 They are planning a big celebration for the New Year.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Customers must not take photographs in the bank.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Reported speech Put the direct speech into reported speech. 1 ‘I always watch TV in the evenings,’ she said.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 ‘I’ve been waiting since four o’clock,’ he said.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 ‘Do you like my new dress?’ she asked me.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 ‘Where did you go last night/’ he asked her.

_____________________________________________________________________

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9 Correcting sentences There is a mistake in each of these sentences. Find it and write the correct sentence. 1 How long do you live here?

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Last night I have seen a really exciting film.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 I’ll call you as soon as I’ll get there.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 She said me that she loved me.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 If you are sick, you should to see a doctor.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I study in this school since last year.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Could you tell me what time does the train leave?

_____________________________________________________________________

8 I’ve just been seeing the teacher with his girlfriend.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 I have been to Australia last year.

_____________________________________________________________________

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10 Modals Complete each sentence B, so that it has the same meaning as sentence A. Use might, must and could. 1 A The baby’s crying. I’m sure he’s hungry.

B The baby’s crying. He _______________________________________________

2 A Jim hasn’t called me. Perhaps he phoned while I was out.

B Jim hasn’t called me. She_____________________________________________

3 A The doorbell is ringing. Maybe that’s our guests.

B The doorbell is ringing. It ____________________________________________

4 A I’m sure it was Jenny I saw in that car.

B It ________________________________________________________________

5 A A man is standing in the street. Perhaps he’s waiting for a taxi.

B A man is standing in the street. He _____________________________________

11 Choosing the correct tense Read these sentences and choose the correct verb form. 1 The president has resigned / has been resigned and a new president has chosen / has

been chosen. 2 Her death announced / was announced yesterday on the news. 3 ‘Where did you go / have you gone last weekend?’ To the beach. It was great.’ 4 ‘Has Suzy ever go / ever been to Hong Kong?’ ‘Oh, yes. Three times.’ 5 The plane took off / has taken off ten minutes ago. 6 A huge typhoon has hit / has been hit Tokyo. Over 30cm of rain fell / has fallen over

the past twelve hours. People have advised / have been advised to stay at home.