eBook Concejales Eficaces

8/2/2019 eBook Concejales Eficaces

1/43

GKBG@CML@W @IEGMG@WW Lhmz `b `l Gkbg`ck, `b~z` lm _kjlmgeb u `b w _mz~enk-

EBW^E^P^K BMGEKBML N@FGZM^M

_MZM MWPB^KW EB^@ZBMGEKBML@W


2/43

@l Ebw~e~~k Bmgekbml N`fgzm~m pmzm Mwb~kw Eb~`zbmgekbml`w $BNE% `w bm kzhmbesmgeb

web ieb`w n` lgzk }` ~zmjmcm pmzm ikz~ml`g`z u `tpmbnez lm n`fkgzmgem `b ~knk `l fbnk"

M ~zmyw n` bm z`n fbneml n` `tp`z~kw yklb~mzekw, BNE jzebnm mwew~`bgem pzg~egm m

ln`z`w gyegkw u pkl~egkw `b lm pzkfkgeb n` ymlkz`w, pzg~egmw ` ebw~e~gekb`w

n`fkgz~egkw" BNE ~zmjmcm gkb n`fgzm~mw `b gmnm z`heb n`l fbnk pmzm gkbw~zez

kzhmbesmgekb`w gyegmw u pkl~egmw, wmlymhmznmz `l`ggekb`w u pzkfky`z lm pmz~egepmgeb

genmnmbm, lm ~zmbwpmz`bgem u lm z`bnegeb n` g`b~mw `b `l hkje`zbk"

Ebw~e~~k Bmgekbml N`fgzm~m pmzm Mwb~kw Eb~`zbmgekbml`w $BNE% :??5" ^knkw lkw

n`z`gdkw z`w`zymnkw" _`n`b z`pzkngezw` k ~zmngezw` pkzgekb`w n` `w~` ~zmjmck pmzm

pzkpwe~kw bk gkf`zgeml`w, we`fpz` }` w` z`gkbksgm m BNE gkfk lm i`b~` n`l fm~`zeml u

w` l` `by`b gkpemw n` gml}e`z ~zmnggeb"

:?7? F W~z``~, BX, Iei~d Ilkkz

Xmwdebh~kb, NG :??79

^`likbk3 :?:&8:4&00??

Imt3 :?:&8:4&00:?

xxx"bne"kzh | xxx"z`npmz~enkw"kzh

Lm efpz`web n` `w~m pjlegmgeb i` pkwejl` m ~zmyw n`l mpkuk pz`w~mnk pkz lm

Ibnmgeb Bmgekbml pmzm lm N`fkgzmgem $B@N%" Lmw kpebekb`w `tpz`wmnmw `b `w~`

nkgf`b~k wkb m}`llmw n`l m~kz u bk z`il`cmb b`g`wmzemf`b~` lmw kpebekb`w n` lm B@N"


3/43

BNEG@

EB^ZKNPGGEB"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =

]P @W LM N@FKGZMGEM;""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 7

]P @W PB GKBG@CML;""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0

@L _M_@L N@ PB GKBG@CML"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0

@L _M_@L N@ PB GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@L GKBG@CK"""""""" 9

N@JM^@ _JLEGK WKJZ@BKZFMW U Z@HLMF@B^KW LKGML@W """"""""""""" 9

FKBE^KZ@K N@L @C@GPÊYK"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 9

MNFEBEW^ZMGEB N@L _Z@WP_P@W^K""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 8

@L _M_@L N@L GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@ LMGKFPBENMN """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 5

Z@_Z@W@B^MZ U MJKHMZ _KZ LM GKFPBENMN """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 5Z@GMJMZEBWPFKW N@ LM GKFPBENMN""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 5

FMB^@B@Z LM ^ZMBW_MZ@BGEM @B @L GKBG@CK""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =?

IKF@B^MZ LM NEY@ZWENMN """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =:

@L _M_@L N@L GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@L _MZ ENK """"""""""" =7

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@L GKBG@CML @B @L _MZÊNK """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =7

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@ LM JMBGMNM @B @L GKBG@CK """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =>

Ê_KW N@ JMBGMNMW"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =9

IPBGEKBMFE@B^K @IEGMS N@ LM JMBGMNM """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =4

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@ LMW GKMLEGEKB@W""""""""""""""""""" """""""""" :=

_LMB@MBNK PBMB@HKGEMGEB @TE^KWM """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :=

@L _ZKG@WK N@B@HKGEMGEB N@ LM GKMLEGEB"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :7

NEWGPWEB U ZMÊIEGMGEB N@L MGP@ZNK N@ LM GKMLEGEB """""""""""" :9

_PJLEGMGEB N@L MGP@ZNK N@ GKMLEGEB"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :9

Z@GKBKGEFE@B^KW """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :8

M_BNEG@ GNEHK N@ GKBNPG^M @PZK_@K _MZMLM EB^@HZENMN _KLÊGM N@ Z@_Z@W@B^MB^@W

@L@G^KW LKGML@W U Z@HEKBML@W""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :4


4/43

@w~` fmbml `w~ new`mnk pmzm munmz m lmw u lkw

gkbg`cml`w m gkfpz`bn`z w zkl u lhmz `b `l gkbg`ck,

pmzm fk~eymzlkw m w`z gz`m~eykw ` ebbkymnkz`w gkfk

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw u pmzm pzkpkzgekbmz `c`fplkw

pzg~egkw ` ebikzfmgeb }` pknzmb f`ckzmz w `iegmgem

gkfk gkbg`cmlmw u gkbg`cml`w" Gkfk fe`fjzkw n`l

gkbg`ck dmb mg`p~mnk `l n`wmik n` ~elesmz lm n`fkgzmgem

u lm pmz~egepmgeb pkplmz pmzm nmzl` ikzfm m w

gkfbenmn u b f`ckz i~zk m w wkge`nmn"

BNE ~mfjeb `wp`zm elw~zmz }` lm n`fkgzmgem bk `w

wefpl`f`b~` b `y`b~k }` kgzz` `l nm n` lmw `l`ggekb`wwebk b ~zmjmck gkb~ebk, u }` `l ~zmjmck n` lkw pmz~enkw

pkl~egkw u ww z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `w bk }` nzm ~knk `l mk"


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=

EB^ZKNPGGEB

Gkfk gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml, w~`n `biz`b~m `l n`wmik n` gz`mz b gkbg`ck `iegms u mje`z~k

}` wezym gkfk fkn`lk n` n`fkgzmgem u }` z`pz`w`b~` lkw eb~`z`w`w n` w gkfbenmn"

Mnegekbmlf`b~`, gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k b`g`we~m ~zmbwikzfmz lkw pzkhzmfmw n` w

pmz~enk pkl~egk `b pzkp`w~mw gkbgz`~mw n` hkje`zbk pmzm pkn`z fmb~`b`z lm gkbiembsm

n`pkwe~mnm `b w~`n pkz ww yk~mb~`w u w pmz~enk" ^mfjeb ~e`b` lm ~mz`m n` wp`zyewmz `l

~zmjmck n`l mlgmln` u n` lm mnfebew~zmgeb, web efpkz~mz we w~`n `w b fe`fjzk l`ml n` lm

gkmlegeb hkj`zbmb~` k w` `bg`b~zm iezf`f`b~` `b lm kpkwegeb"

] pz`~`bn`fkw }` l` mpkz~` m w~`n, gkfk gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml, `w~` fmbml;

y Pb `b~`bnefe`b~k n` lm b`g`wenmn, efpkz~mbgem u pkwejelenmn`w newpkbejl`wpmzm lkhzmz lm pmz~egepmgeb n` lm genmnmbm, n` lmw kzhmbesmgekb`w geyel`w u n`

lmw gkfbenmn`w `b `l pzkg`wk n` hkje`zbk lkgml"

y Pbm gkfpz`bweb m pzkibnenmn n` lmw ibgekb`w n` b gkbg`cml u lmwpkwejelenmn`w }` `tew~`b pmzm w~`n u w pmz~enk n`b~zk n`l gkbg`ck"

y Fk~eymgeb pmzm w`z fw gz`m~eym k gz`m~eyk `b w ibgeb gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~``l`g~k" Lmw en`mw m} y`z~enmw wkb wh`z`bgemw u bk ~e`b`b lm eb~`bgeb n`

neg~mz k efpkb`z bm wklgeb `w~bnmz pmzm lmw ney`zwmw we~mgekb`w }`

`biz`b~mb lkw gkbg`ckw u ww gkfbenmn`w"

y @tpkwegeb m d`zzmfe`b~mw pzg~egmw pmzm plmb`mz w ~zmjmck gkfk ibgekbmzemk ibgekbmzek `l`g~k u m `c`fplkw n` lmw pkwejelenmn`w u kpkz~benmn`w

newpkbejl`w pmzm lkw b`ykw gkbg`cml`w"

@l hkje`zbk lkgml n`j`zm w`z lkgml u z`il`cmz lmw b`g`wenmn`w u mwpezmgekb`w begmw n` lm

gkfbenmn" Lm k `l genmnmbk pzkf`nek y` ml gkbg`cml gkfk b z`pz`w`b~mb~` n` w

pmz~enk u gkfk `l zkw~zk u lm yks n`l hkje`zbk lkgml k pzkyebgeml" _kz lk ~mb~k, `w


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:

efpkz~mb~wefk }` gkfk gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml ~zmjmc` pmzm z`pz`w`b~mz `te~kwmf`b~`

~mb~k m w pmz~enk gkfk lmw f`~mw u b`g`wenmn`w n` w gkfbenmn"


7/43

7

]P @W LM N@FKGZMGEM;

Lm pmlmjzm n`fkgzmgem pzkye`b` n`l hze`hk3 n`fkw $p`jlk% u azm~kw $hkje`zbk%"

@w`bgemlf`b~`, lm n`fkgzmgem wehbeiegm `l hkje`zbk n`l p`jlk1 `w bm mg~eyenmn hzpml"

Ebyklgzm ~zmjmcmz, gklmjkzmz u b`hkgemz gkb lm pkjlmgeb n` w gkfbenmn" @l te~k n` lm

n`fkgzmgem n`p`bn` n` }` lmw u lkw ibgekbmzekw `l`g~kw gkfk w~`n ebye~`b u mgkcmb `l

gkf`b~mzek pjlegk `b ww mg~eyenmn`w u n`gewekb`w"

Lm n`fkgzmgem `w fgdk fw }` lm dmjelenmn n` bm fmukzm mjwkl~m k wefpl` n`

yk~mb~`w n` k~kzhmz u ~zmbwi`zez pmgiegmf`b~` `l pkn`z u m~kzenmn pkl~egm n` b pmz~enk k

b ebneyenk m k~zk" Pbm n`fkgzmgem y`znmn`zmf`b~` pmz~egepm~eym z`}e`z` }` lkw

genmnmbkw ~`bhmb `l n`z`gdk u lm dmjelenmn n` pmz~egepmz mg~eymf`b~` `b `l pzkg`wkpkl~egk m ~knk bey`l, we`bnk gmpmg`w n` gkfbegmz ebikzfmgeb wkjz` ww pzekzenmn`w, ww

pzì`z`bgemw u ww b`g`wenmn`w m ww hkje`zbkw1 n` ikzfmz hzpkw n` pz`web, mwkgemgekb`w

y`gebml`w, gljw, pmz~enkw pkl~egkw1 u n` ml`b~mz m }` ww hkje`zbkw z`wpkbnmb gkb

pzkhzmfmw u pkl~egmw }` m~e`bnmb lmw b`g`wenmn`w gkfb`w"

@l pmp`l n` lkw hkje`zbkw lkgml`w `b bm n`fkgzmgem `w bk fu `wp`geml" Bk `w ~mb wlk

`l n` `c`zg`z w m~kzenmn n`gene`bnk pkl~egmw m imykz n` lm gkfbenmn webk ~mfjeb

pzky``z w`zyegekw m lm gkfbenmn w`zyegekw n` efpkz~mbgem nemzem pmzm lm genmnmbm u lm

gkfbenmn" Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w n` lkw hkje`zbkw lkgml`w `b bm n`fkgzmgem jwgmb

fmb`zmw }` lkw mun`b m n`~`zfebmz gl`w wkb lmw b`g`wenmn`w, pzì`z`bgemw u

pzekzenmn`w n` ww `l`g~kz`w" Lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `te~kwkw n`l hkje`zbk lkgml lkhzmb

`w~mjl`g`z b `}elejzek `b~z` `l gkbg`ck, lm gkfbenmn u `l pmz~enk pmzm pkn`z z`pz`w`b~mz

lkw eb~`z`w`w u b`g`wenmn`w n` lm genmnmbm n` fmb`zm fw ìegms"

@l gkbg`ck `w `l lhmz nkbn` w` n`gen`b lmw pkl~egmw jmck `l `wgz~ebek pjlegk" Nzmb~`

lmw z`bekb`w n`l gkbg`ck w` n`j`b n`jm~ez lkw pzkw u gkb~zmw n` lkw z`hlmf`b~kw k

pz`wp`w~kw pzkp`w~kw, mw gkfk wklege~mz ebikzfmgeb u p`nez `tplegmgekb`w wkjz`

gfk lm mnfebew~zmgeb lkgml wfebew~zm lkw w`zyegekw m lmw u lkw genmnmbkw" Web efpkz~mz

we bk `w fe`fjzk n` lm fmukzm k lm kpkwegeb, w` n`j` pmz~egepmz pl`bmf`b~` `b gmnm


8/43

>

w`web gkfpmz~e`bnk en`mw u yewekb`w" Lm ikz~ml`sm n` lm n`fkgzmgem w` n`f`w~zm `b lm

fmb`zm gkfk ney`zwmw kpebekb`w p`n`b w`z `tpz`wmnmw u n`gewekb`w ~kfmnmw

pjlegmf`b~`, u `l hzmnk `b }` lkw genmnmbkw pmz~egepmb pmzm n`~`zfebmz lm nez`ggeb `b

lm gml }e`z`b }` ww gkfbenmn`w w` n`wmzzkll`b"


9/43

0

]P @W PB GKBG@CML;

@L _M_@L N@ PB GKBG@CML

Lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w ~e`b`b ymzekw zkl`w efpkz~mb~`w gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n` lm

gkfbenmn, lkw gml`w pknzmb ebglez lkw wehe`b~`w, n`p`bne`bnk n`l wew~`fm pkl~egk n`

w pmw3

y Z`pz`w`b~mz lkw eb~`z`w`w n` w gkfbenmny Z`pz`w`b~mz m w pmz~enk pkl~egky Kiz`g`z kpkz~benmn`w pmzm }` w` `wggd` lm yks n` lm genmnmbm u

~elesmz `l mpkz~` genmnmbk pmzm mnkp~mz mg~mw }` hkje`zb`b m lm

gkfbenmn lkgmly Fkbe~kz`mz ml `c`g~eyky Yk~mz `l pz`wp`w~k, gkb lm iebmlenmn n` ~elesmz lkw z`gzwkw ìegmsf`b~`y Yk~mz bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw lkgml`w }` zeh`b pmzm lm mnfebew~zmgeb lkgmly _zekzesmz pkl~egmw ml bey`l lkgml

Gkfk fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck n`j`zm mg~mz gkfk b p`b~` `b~z` lm genmnmbm u lm

mnfebew~zmgeb lkgml, lk gml efplegm `w~mz yewejl` u w`z mgg`wejl` m ~knkw lkw genmnmbkw,

gkfbegbnkw` gkb `llkw gkb~ebmf`b~`" ^mfjeb n`j`zm z`mlesmz `wi`zskw pmzm

n`wmzzkllmz ww pkwegekb`w u pzkp`w~mw gkbcb~mf`b~` gkb fe`fjzkw n` w pmz~enk, nmnk

}` z`pz`w`b~mz lkw eb~`z`w`w n` lm pkjlmgeb j`bìegemz m w pmz~enk u l` p`zfe~ez

gkbw~zez pkl~egmw wlenmw }` pknzmb w`z glmy`w pmzm w te~k i~zk"

Pbm y`s ebw~mlmnk `b `l gkbg`ck, lmw en`mw }` n`wmzzkll `b w pmz~enk w`zb wkf`~enmw m

lm pz`jm n` } ~mb ìegmg`w p`n`b w`z pmzm f`ckzmz lm yenm n` lmw u lkw genmnmbkw u lm

gkfbenmn" Lk gkgebmnk w` pz`jm gkfebnklk" Ymfkw m lm f`wm-


10/43

9

@L _M_@L N@ PB GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@L GKBG@CK

Nkw n` lmw pzebgepml`w z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w n` bm k b gkbg`cml n`b~zk n`l gkbg`ck wkb `l

fkbe~kz`k n`l `c`g~eyk u lm mnfebew~zmgeb n`l pz`wp`w~k"

N@JM^@ _JLEGK WKJZ@ BKZFMW U Z@HLMF@B^KW LKGML@W

Nzmb~` lmw w`wekb`w n`l gkbg`ck w` l` p`nez }` yk~` wkjz` pzkp`w~mw }` z`hlmzb lm

yenm n` lm gkfbenmn lkgml" _mz~` n`l pzkg`wk n` yk~mgeb `w `l n`jm~` wkjz` `l l`bhmc` u

gkb~`benk n` lm pzkp`w~m, b f`gmbewfk efpkz~mb~` pmzm mw`hzmz }` lm pzkp`w~m

z`il`c` lmw b`g`wenmn`w u pzekzenmn`w n` lm gkfbenmn u w pmz~enk" @w efpkz~mb~`

pz`pmzmzw` pmzm `w~` n`jm~` pjlegk, um }` lm ikz~ml`sm n` lm n`fkgzmgem p`n` y`zw` `b

`l hzmnk `b }` `l ymlkz n`l n`jm~` gkb~zmneg~kzek w`m gkbwen`zmnk" Mb we w` `w fe`fjzkn` lm fmukzm, n`j`zm pmz~egepmz u bk n`cmz }` lm newgweb w` ll`y` m gmjk wlk `b~z` lm

kpkwegeb u lm mnfebew~zmgeb" We`fpz` fmb~bhmw` mje`z~k m b`ym ebikzfmgeb u ~eleg`

lkw gkf`b~mzekw }` l` dmhmb lkw genmnmbkw nzmb~` ww pz`w`b~mgekb`w u n`lej`zmgekb`w"

Gkfk fe`fjzk n` bm gkfeweb n`l gkbg`ck, jw}` `w~nemz `l ~`fm gkb `l }` `w~

lenembnk u l`hk `lecm mlhbkw mwb~kw kjc`~eykw `b lkw gml`w `bikgmzw` pmzm }` ww

pz`w`b~mgekb`w nzmb~` lkw n`jm~`w w`mb fw wehbeiegm~eymw u ymlekwmw"

FKBE^KZ@K N@L @C@GP^EYK

@b bm n`fkgzmgem }` ibgekbm, lkw ibgekbmzekw `l`g~kw n`j`b fkbe~kz`mz lmw

mggekb`w n`l hkje`zbk" Mw pmz`sgm }` `l mlgmln` u lm mnfebew~zmgeb wkb fw yewejl`w `

efpkz~mb~`w, `w fu efpkz~mb~` z`gkznmz }` we je`b `l `c`g~eyk `w z`wpkbwmjl` n` lm

kp`zmgeb gk~enembm n` lmw benmn`w hkj`zbmb~`w m bey`l lkgml, `w `l gkbg`ck }e`b ~e`b` lm

z`wpkbwmjelenmn iebml n` mw`hzmz }` w` m~e`bnmb lmw b`g`wenmn`w n` lm gkfbenmn"

We bk w` `w~b m~`bne`bnk lmw b`g`wenmn`w n` lm gkfbenmn ml bk ll`ymz m gmjk k bk

gkbglez ~zmjmckw k pzkhzmfmw gum efpl`f`b~mgeb dm wenk mpzkjmnm u iebmbgemnm pkz `l

gkbg`ck `w lm z`wpkbwmjelenmn n` lkw ibgekbmzekw `l`g~kw u ww pmz~enkw g`w~ekbmz ml

hkje`zbk u `tehez mggekb`w gkbgz`~mw" _mzm pkn`z g`w~ekbmz ml hkje`zbk k `tehez mggekb`w

gkbgz`~mw w` n`j` pzef`zk z`bez ebikzfmgeb gkfbegbnkw` gkb m}`llmw u m}`llkw


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genmnmbkw u hzpkw mi`g~mnkw" Ww pz`hb~mw, wh`z`bgemw u gkf`b~mzekw p`n`b w`z

~elesmnkw pmzm kzhmbesmz w ~zmjmck n` fkbe~kz`k" _mzm pkn`z kj~`b`z `w~m ebikzfmgeb n`

fmb`zm ìegms, n`j`zm w`pmzmz b ~e`fpk pmzm dmjlmz gkb lmw u lkw genmnmbkw k hzpkw

mi`g~mnkw, l``z w fm~`zeml, pzkhzmfmz mne`bgemw pjlegmw wkjz` ~`fmw `wp`giegkw,

fmb~`b`z b dkzmzek n` kiegebm u fmb~`b`zw` ml nm `b ~`fmw lkgml`w"

Gkb `w~kw mb~`g`n`b~`w, w~`n pknz ~elesmz n` f`ckz fmb`zm lm kpkz~benmn n` dmg`z

pz`hb~mw `b lmw z`bekb`w n`l gkbg`ck, mw gkfk pmz~egepmz `b `l mblewew n`l pz`wp`w~k,

`b lm z`nmggeb n` jkzzmnkz`w n` pzkp`w~mw l`hewlm~eymw u n` pkl~egmw pjlegmw, u `b lm

`ymlmgeb n` lkw w`zyegekw kiz`genkw m lm genmnmbm" Nzmb~` lm z`yeweb n` lmw feb~mw

n`l hmjeb`~` u `l w`hefe`b~k ml gkzz`k `b~zmb~` u wmle`b~` n`l hkje`zbk lkgml, `bgkb~zmz

mb fw ebikzfmgeb }` pknz ~elesmz gkfk fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck, `b bkfjz` n` wpmz~enk, pmzm wp`zyewmz lm mnfebew~zmgeb n`l mlgmln` u n` w mnfebew~zmgeb"

MNFEBEW^ZMGEB N@L _Z@WP_P@W^K

L`hk n` nìebez lk }` `l hkje`zbk lkgml n`j`zm dmg`z nzmb~` w fmbnm~k, }`nm lm

pz`hb~m n` gfk iebmbgemz `w~` hkje`zbk ww mggekb`w" Lm z`wp`w~m `w m ~zmyw n`l

pz`wp`w~k n`l hkje`zbk lkgml" @w efpkz~mb~` f`bgekbmz }` `l hkje`zbk lkgml bk p`n`

hmw~mz neb`zk we `l hmw~k bk dm wenk pzku`g~mnk `b `l pz`wp`w~k" Gmb~k fw n`~mllmnk

w`m `l pz`wp`w~k, `l gkbg`ck pknz nezehez lkw hmw~kw ebgzzenkw pkz `l hkje`zbk n`

fmb`zm fw pz`gewm"

Gkfk fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck, bm n` ww z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w `w p`nez `tplegmgekb`w u

n`~mll`w wkjz` lmw geizmw n`l pz`wp`w~k, um }` w~`n n`j` wmj`z gfk w` `w~b

~elesmbnk lkw ikbnkw n`l hkje`zbk lkgml" Bk b`g`we~m w`z b `tp`z~k iebmbge`zk pmzm chmz

b pmp`l ~el `b `l n`jm~` u lmw n`gewekb`w mg`zgm n`l pz`wp`w~k lkgml k z`hekbml" @l

~zgk m} `w gkfpz`bn`z lm ebikzfmgeb jwegm n`l pz`wp`w~k u dmg`z pz`hb~mw-

_mzm f`ckzmz w ìegmgem gkfk fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck, en`b~eie}` bm pmz~` n`l

pz`wp`w~k, b pzkhzmfm k n`pmz~mf`b~k n`l hkje`zbk }` l` eb~`z`w`, ~zmjmc` gkb w

jmbgmnm pmzm mglmzmz `w~` eb~`zw, l`hk `w~ne`lk n`~mllmnmf`b~`" Pbm y`s n`~`zfebmnm


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w z`m n` eb~`zw, ymum u dhml`w pz`hb~mw m m}`llmw p`zwkbmw }` `b~e`bn`b `l ~`fm1

mpzky`gd` m p`zwkbmw n`b~zk u i`zm n`l hkje`zbk" Dmhm pz`hb~mw pmzm ebikzfmzw` wkjz`

`l efpmg~k z`ml n`l neb`zk hmw~mnk u mw kj~`bnz bm jmw` wlenm pmzm ww

z`gkf`bnmgekb`w u n`gewekb`w"

Pwk @i`g~eyk n` lkw Z`gzwkw n`l _z`wp`w~k

@l pz`wp`w~k mbml n`j` `w~mz pz`pmzmnk u mpzkjmnk mb~`w n`l pzebgepek n`l mk iewgml"

Lm z`bnegeb n` g`b~mw w` z`mlesm mb~` lmw `b~enmn`w hj`zbmf`b~ml`w z`wp`g~eymw, w`hb

lm l`hewlmgeb yeh`b~`"

Lmw newgwekb`w wkjz` `l n`w~ebk n` lkw ikbnkw ~mfjeb n`j`zmb z`il`cmz lmw b`g`wenmn`w,

n`w`kw u pzekzenmn`w en`b~eiegmnmw pkz lkw fe`fjzkw u hzpkw n` lm gkfbenmn lkgml" Mbwe lkw ikbnkw bk wkb `b l~efm ebw~mbgem mwehbmnkw, `w~k l`w nmz bm fmukz yewejelenmn u

gz`nejelenmn m lkw gkbg`cml`w u `l`ymz `l bey`l n` gkbiembsm `b~z` lm k `l gkbg`cml u lkw

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w n` lm gkfbenmn"

^zmbwpmz`bgem _z`wp`w~mzem

Pb pzkg`wk mje`z~k u ~zmbwpmz`b~` `b lm ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w `w wfmf`b~` efpkz~mb~`

gmbnk w` ~zm~m n`l pz`wp`w~k" @w~mjl`sgm b pzkg`nefe`b~k pmzm }` lm genmnmbm u lkw

hzpkw n` eb~`zw `tpz`w`b ww gkf`b~mzekw u kiz`sgmb ww wh`z`bgemw pmzm `l jkzzmnkz

n`l pz`wp`w~k mb~`w n` }` `l gkbg`ck ll`y` m gmjk w l~efk n`jm~` pjlegk u ~kf` ww

n`gewekb`w iebml`w" Gmb~m fw h`b~` ~`bhm mgg`wk ml pzkg`wk pz`wp`w~mzek, fw

l`h~efk w`z `l pz`wp`w~k u `w~mz wc`~k m f`bkw z`glmfkw" _jlegmz `l jkzzmnkz n`l

pz`wp`w~k k gkfpmz~ezlk gkb hzpkw kzhmbesmnkw `b lm gkfbenmn wkb `c`fplkw n`

fmb`zmw n` hmzmb~esmz `l mpkz~` n` lm gkfbenmn m `w~` pzkg`wk"


13/43

5

@L _M_@L N@L GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@ LM GKFPBENMN

Gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k, lm k `l gkbg`cml c`hm b pmp`l efpkz~mb~` n`b~zk n` lm

gkfbenmn" Lm k `l gkbg`cml n`j`zm z`pz`w`b~mz `b `l gkbg`ck lkw eb~`z`w`w n` lmw u lkw

genmnmbkw u n` lm gkfbenmn `b h`b`zml, ebgkzpkzmz m lm genmnmbm u m lkw hzpkw n` lm

gkfbenmn `b `l pzkg`wk n` ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w n`l gkbg`ck u gkfbegmz mje`z~mf`b~` lmw

pkl~egmw u lmw n`gewekb`w n`l hkje`zbk lkgml"

Z@_Z@W@B^MZ U MJKHMZ _KZ LM GKFPBENMN

@l pmp`l pzebgepml u fw efpkz~mb~` n` b fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck `w z`pz`w`b~mz m w

gkfbenmn" ^knk lk }` efpmg~` k gkbge`zbm m lm gkfbenmn lkgml wkb mwb~kw pmzm lmw u

lkw gkbg`cml`w" Pw~`n yey` `b `l y`gebnmzek mw }` p`n`b mpkz~mz ml gkbg`ck lmwkpebekb`w u lmw pz`kgpmgekb`w n` ww y`gebkw" We pmz~egepm `b kzhmbesmgekb`w lkgml`w,

~mfjeb p`n` mw`hzmz }` lkw pzebgepekw, mwb~kw u pz`kgpmgekb`w }` fk~eymb m `w~mw

kzhmbesmgekb`w w`mb zìl`cmnkw `b `l pzkg`wk n` ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w `b `l gkbg`ck u lm

mnfebew~zmgeb lkgml"

Lkw fe`fjzkw n`l gkbg`ck u ww pmz~enkw b`g`we~mb mg~mz gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~`w ì`g~eykw

n` lm gkfbenmn, mz~eglmbnk lmw pz`kgpmgekb`w n` lm pkjlmgeb, dmge`bnk gmfpmm m

imykz n` lm mggeb u, n` w`z b`g`wmzek, n`wmiembnk m lkw }` ~kfmb n`gewekb`w `b k~zkw

bey`l`w n` hkje`zbk m }` pzk~`cmb lkw eb~`z`w`w n` lm gkfbenmn u ww pkjlmgekb`w"

Mlhbkw ~`fmw }` p`n`b wzhez `b `l gkbg`ck k `b lmw z`bekb`w n` ww gkfewekb`w

gm`zb n`b~zk n`l zmbhk bkzfml n` mg~eyenmn`w n`l gkbg`ck, p`zk fgdkw k~zkw pknzmb

~mfjeb gm`z i`zm n`l mlgmbg` n`l gkb~zkl ebf`nem~k n`l hkje`zbk lkgml" Pw~`n, gkfk

gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml, n`j`zm z`pz`w`b~mz u mjkhmz pkz lmw b`g`wenmn`w lkgml`w `b negdkw

mwb~kw, gkbcb~mf`b~` gkb `l hkje`zbk lkgml"

Z@GMJMZEBWPFKW N@ LM GKFPBENMN

_mzm w`z b j`b z`pz`w`b~mb~` n` lm gkfbenmn u mjkhmz ìegmsf`b~` pkz `llm, b`g`we~m

wmj`z gl `w lm pkwegeb n` lm genmnmbm `b ~`fmw z`l`ymb~`w" _mzm pkn`z `w~mjl`g`z


14/43

=?

`w~mw pkwegekb`w, ~zm~` n` pzkhzmfmz lhmz`w u dkzmw z`hlmz`w `b lmw }` lkw

genmnmbkw p`nmb y`bez m nemlkhmz gkb w~`n" Gkfk gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml, we`fpz`

n`j`zm ebye~mz m lkw genmnmbkw gkfpmz~ez ww kpebekb`w wkjz` pzkjl`fmw lkgml`w u ww

z`gkf`bnmgekb`w pmzm wklgekb`w pzkp`w~mw" Z`g`zn` }` gkfk fe`fjzk n`l

gkbg`ck n`j`zm p`zfmb`g`z yewejl` u mgg`wejl` pmzm ~knkw `b lm gkfbenmn" _mzm

gkfbegmzw` gkb lm genmnmbm, w` p`n`b dmg`z gkwmw gkfk ~elesmz `l jkl`~b

ebikzfm~eyk n`l pmz~enk pmzm p`nezl` m lm pkjlmgeb }` w` gkfbe}` gkb w~`n `b w

gmlenmn n` gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml" K~zk `c`fplk w`zm mw`hzmz }` lkw gkfbegmnkw n`

pz`bwm bk w`mb `byemnkw wlk m lm pz`bwm, webk ~mfjeb m lmw u lkw genmnmbkw u hzpkw

mi`g~mnkw, mw`hzmbnk }` `w~b ebglenkw ww nm~kw n` gkb~mg~k" Mgkfpmmnk pkz lmw

u lkw yklb~mzekw n` w pmz~enk, ~mfjeb p`n` pmw`mz pkz lm gkfbenmn pene`bnk m lm

pkjlmgeb }` z`wpkbnm g`w~ekbmzekw wkjz` ~`fmw `wp`giegkw"

FMB^@B@Z LM ^ZMBW_MZ@BGEM @B @L GKBG@CK

@l gkbg`ck n`j`zm w`z ~zmbwpmz`b~` `b w ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w u n`j`zm `tplegmz ww

mggekb`w u pkl~egmw m lm pkjlmgeb" We lm pkjlmgeb `w~ ebglenm `b b pzkg`wk }`

gkbnsgm m bm n`geweb neigel p`zk zmskbmjl`, dmu fw pzkjmjelenmn`w n` }` lmw u lkw

genmnmbkw fmb~`bhmb w gkbiembsm `b `l gkbg`ck u z`wp`~`b lmw n`gewekb`w }` w`

~kf`b `b l~efm ebw~mbgem" @l gkbg`ck ~mfjeb n`j`zm `w~mz lew~k u newp`w~k m mg`p~mz

gz~egmw cw~eiegmnmw u m `tmfebmz w ~zmjmck gkbw~mb~`f`b~` pmzm mw`hzmz w gmlenmn"

Fgdmw y`g`w lmw u lkw pkl~egkw pe`bwmb }` lm pkjlmgeb bk p`n` lenemz gkb

n`gewekb`w pkl~egmw neigel`w, p`zk h`b`zmlf`b~` w` `}eykgmb"

Gkfk f`bgekbmfkw mb~`zekzf`b~`, lm n`fkgzmgem bk wlk `w lm ckzbmnm `l`g~kzml, webk

~mfjeb lm pmz~egepmgeb genmnmbm `b `l pzkg`wk n` ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w" Lm genmnmbm

wlk p`n` dmg`z `wk we `l ~zmjmck n` lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w u `l gkbg`ck `w mgg`wejl` u we

lmw u lkw genmnmbkw `w~b ebikzfmnkw" ^zmjmcmbnk n` fmb`zm ~zmbwpmz`b~` u

p`zfe~e`bnk lm pmz~egepmgeb genmnmbm ~`bnz fmukz`w pkwejelenmn`w n` fmb~`b`z lm

gkbiembsm n`l `l`g~kzmnk u, `b l~efm ebw~mbgem, w p`w~k `b `l gkbg`ck"


15/43

==

Lkw gkbg`ckw je`b kzhmbesmnkw n`j`zmb mw`hzmz }` fmb~`b`z lm ~zmbwpmz`bgem n` ~knmw

ww ibgekb`w u wklege~mz lm kpebeb pjlegm w`mb pmz~` n` lmw kp`zmgekb`w z~ebmzemw n`l

gkbg`ck" Lm wehe`b~` lew~m kiz`g` bm hm pmzm lm ~zmbwpmz`bgem u pmz~egepmgeb

genmnmbm3

y Lmw z`bekb`w n` gkbg`ck u n` lkw gkfe~w n`j`zmb w`z pjlege~mnmw upjlegmnmw gkb mb~`lmgeb"

y Lkw mwb~kw u ~`fmw `b lm mh`bnm m w`z newg~enkw `b lmw z`bekb`w n`gkfeweb k n`l gkbg`ck `b pl`bk n`j`zmb w`z pzkhzmfmnkw u pjlege~mnkw

gkb mb~`lmgeb pmzm mw`hzmz }` lkw genmnmbkw ~`bhmb lm kpkz~benmn n`

dmjlmz m imykz k `b gkb~zm n` gml}e`z ~`fm"

y Lkw gkbg`ckw u ww gkfewekb`w n`j`zmb ml`b~mz m lmw kzhmbesmgekb`w bkhj`zbmf`b~ml`w u k~zkw hzpkw m pz`w`b~mz ww kpebekb`w wkjz` lkw ~`fmw

}` mi`g~mb w ~zmjmck"

y Ml iebml n` gmnm z`beb n`l gkbg`ck w` n`j`zm ~`b`z b ~e`fpkpzkhzmfmnk pmzm pz`hb~mw n`l pjlegk" W` n`j`zm `w~mjl`g`z b lfe~` n`

~e`fpk `wp`giegk pmzm gmnm pz`w`b~mgeb genmnmbm"

y Nkbn` `tew~mb kpebekb`w kp`w~mw k `b gkbileg~k, `l gkbg`ck n`j`zm w`hezlmw bkzfmw n`l w`b~enk gkfb u k~kzhmz bm mne`bgem cw~m m ~knkw"

y Lmw feb~mw n` gmnm z`beb n`l gkbg`ck n`j`zmb w`z pz`pmzmnmw upjlegmnmw `b b lhmz u dkzm pz`n`~`zfebmnkw, pkz `c`fplk `b b lhmz

pjlegk k `b `l Eb~`zb`~"

y Lkw jkl`~eb`w ebikzfm~eykw, ~mjl`zkw n` mbbgekw pjlegkw, bk~mw n` pz`bwmu gkzz`kw `l`g~zbegkw n`j`zmb w`z ~elesmnkw pmzm gkbwl~mz ` ebikzfmz m

lkw z`wen`b~`w gmbnk w` ~kf`b n`gewekb`w u, n` w`z z`l`ymb~`, w` n`j`zm


16/43

=:

`wggdmz u gkbwen`zmz lmw gz~egmw n` lm pkjlmgeb mb~`w n` ll`ymz m gmjk lm

efpl`f`b~mgeb iebml n` lmw n`gewekb`w"

IKF@B^MZ LM NEY@ZWENMN

@l gkbg`ck n`j`zm w`z b lhmz nkbn` w` p`nmb `wggdmz lmw ney`zwmw kpebekb`w n` lm

gkfbenmn" @b fgdkw gmwkw, lm gkbikzfmgeb n`l gkbg`ck zìl`cmz lm en`b~enmn n` lm

gkfbenmn u w ney`zwenmn pkl~egm" @b m}`llkw gmwkw3

y Lm gkbikzfmgeb n` ~knmw lmw gkfewekb`w k gkfe~w n`j`zm zìl`cmz lmgkfpkwegeb n`l gkbg`ck"

y Lm ebikzfmgeb n`j`zm w`z gkfpmz~enm `}e~m~eymf`b~` gkb ~knmw u ~knkwlkw gkbg`cml`w u bebhb nkgf`b~k n` lm m~kzenmn lkgml n`j`zm

p`zfmb`g`z w`gz`~k, gkb lm `tg`pgeb n` m}`llkw z`w~zebhenkw pkz lù"

y Lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w n`j`zmb ~`b`z, m bey`l ebneyenml, ehmlnmn n` n`z`gdkwpmzm pzkpkb`z u wh`zez bkzfmw k `bfe`bnmw m gml}e`z z`wklgeb n`l

gkbg`ck u ww gkfewekb`w"

y Gmnm fe`fjzk n`l gkbg`ck n`j`zm ~`b`z `l fewfk mgg`wk m ~knmw lmww`wekb`w n` lmw gkfewekb`w" ^mfjeb n`j`zm ~`b`z `l n`z`gdk m dmjlmz `b

gml}e`z z`beb n` lmw gkfewekb`w, p`zk web yk~k we bk `w fe`fjzk n` `wm

gkfeweb"

y @l gkbg`ck n`j`zm gkbwl~mz u gklmjkzmz gkb k~zkw gkbg`ckw umnfebew~zmgekb`w ~`zze~kzeml`w n` lm z`heb `b ~`fmw n` eb~`zw f~k"

N`j`zm mpzky`gdmz gml}e`z kpkz~benmn pmzm gkfbegmzw` gkb k~zkw

bey`l`w n` hkje`zbk gumw mg~eyenmn`w pknzmb mi`g~mz m lm gkfbenmn lkgml"


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=7

@L _M_@L N@L GKBG@CML N@B^ZK N@L _MZÊNK

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@L GKBG@CML @B @L _MZÊNK

Mb~`w n` w`z `l`g~m k `l`g~k, w~`n `zm b fe`fjzk mg~eyk n` lm `w~zg~zm lkgml n` w

pmz~enk" Mdkzm pmwm lkw nmw pz`pmzbnkw` pmzm m~`bn`z lmw z`bekb`w n`l gkbg`ck, dmjlmz

gkb `l mlgmln` u lkw cì`w n` z`m, m~`bn`z z`bekb`w n`l gkfe~ u lmw cb~mw nez`g~eymw n`

lmw kzhmbesmgekb`w fbegepml`w" ^knmw `w~mw mg~eyenmn`w wkb fu efpkz~mb~`w pmzm w

b`ym z`wpkbwmjelenmn, p`zk l` n`cmb fu pkgk ~e`fpk }` n`negmzl` m w pmz~enk" ]

`w~ wg`ne`bnk `b lm `w~zg~zm lkgml n` w pmz~enk; @l pmz~enk `w~ mb mg~eyk; Dmu

mlhe`b z`wpkbwmjl` n`l ~zmjmck n` lm `w~zg~zm lkgml; @tew~` b plmb pmzm m~zm`z m

b`ykw fe`fjzkw; Gl `w `l plmb n`l pmz~enk pmzm lmw pztefmw `l`ggekb`w;

@w efpkz~mb~` }` mwfm `l len`zmshk `b lm z`yehkzesmgeb n`l pmz~enk mdkzm }` lmw

`l`ggekb`w dmb ~`zfebmnk" Z`g`zn` }` w~`n b`g`we~ lm munm n`l pmz~enk pmzm w`z

`l`henk u ~mfjeb b`g`we~mz lm munm u `l mpkuk n` w pmz~enk `b lmw pztefmw

`l`ggekb`w" _kz lk ~mb~k, mw`hz`w` }` lm `w~zg~zm lkgml `w~ mb mg~eym u ibgekbmbnk"

Web `l mpkuk n` lm jmw` n`l pmz~enk w~`n pknzm bk w`z z``l`g~k pmzm k~zk p`zeknk `b `l

gmzhk"

Lmw u lkw pkl~egkw fgdmw y`g`w gkf`~`b `l `zzkz n` p`bwmz }` bk b`g`we~mb n` w

pmz~enk" ê`b`b lm en`m `}eykgmnm n` }` we ~e`b`b bm j`bm efmh`b gkb lm gkfbenmn

pknzb, gkfk ebneyenkw, mlgmbsmz ww pzkpemw f`~mw pkl~egmw web `l mpkuk n` w pmz~enk"

_`zk `w~k bk `w ge`z~k" Wlk gmbnk w` ~e`b` b pmz~enk ìegms `w }` w` ~e`b`b pkl~egkw

`te~kwkw mfjkw ymb n` lm fmbk"

Gkbcb~mf`b~` gkb lm `w~zg~zm lkgml n` w pmz~enk, w~`n n`j`zm pzkfky`z lmw f`~mw u

yewekb`w pmzm lm gkfbenmn }` w pmz~enk `tpz`w `b w pzkhzmfm k plm~mikzfm pkl~egm"

@w efpkz~mb~` n`fkw~zmz m lm genmnmbm }` w~`n ~kfm `w~k gkb lm n`jenm w`ze`nmn u }`

~zmjmcmz jmwbnkw` `b lmw pzkf`wmw }` w` dege`zkb mb~`w n` lmw `l`ggekb`w" @w~` `w b

pzkg`wk gkb~ebk }` bk pknz z`mlesmz wklk w pmz~enk `w `l f`ckz lhmz nkbn`

n`wmzzkllmz ww en`mw u pzkp`w~mw"


18/43

=>

Mg~mbnk gkfk b Fkn`lk n` Gkbng~m pmzm `l _mz~enk

Gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k, n`j` w`z b fkn`lk n` gkbng~m mg~eyk pmzm lm `w~zg~zm u

fe`fjzkw n` w pmz~enk" B`g`we~mz fk~eymz gkb~ebmf`b~` m lkw }` um wkb fe`fjzkw n`

w pmz~enk pmzm }` w`mb fw mg~eykw u ml`b~mz m b`ykw fe`fjzkw m }` w` ebyklgz`b u

mg`p~`b z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w n`b~zk n` lm kzhmbesmgeb" Pbm fmb`zm n` lkhzmz `w~k `w ebglez

m lm `w~zg~zm n`l pmz~enk `b w ~zmjmck n` mlgmbg` gkb ww `l`g~kz`w k ~elesmzlm pmzm

kzhmbesmz `y`b~kw nkbn` lmw u lkw genmnmbkw p`nmb z`bezw` gkb w~`n u k~zkw fe`fjzkw

n`l pmz~enk u `tpz`wmz ww kpebekb`w wkjz` ~`fmw `wp`giegkw"

Mg~mbnk gkfk Ykg`zk n`l _mz~enk

Z`g`zn` }` fe`b~zmw ~zmjmcm gkfk gkbg`lmcm k gkbg`cml, ~mfjeb `w~ ~zmjmcmbnk gkfkykg`zk pmzm w pmz~enk" Fe`b~zmw dmhm ww pz`w`b~mgekb`w ml gkbg`ck, w~`n n`j`zm n`gez

bkwk~zkw n`l $bkfjz` n`l pmz~enk% z`wpmlnmfkw `w~k k m}`llk" K je`b, gmbnk w`

gkb~mg~` gkb lkw genmnmbkw, l`w n`j`zm `tplegmz lmw gkwmw }` z`wpmlnm `l pmz~enk" Pw~`n

u `l pmz~enk w` j`b`iegemzb we p`n`b `fe~ez `l f`bwmc` n`l pmz~enk n` fmb`zm gkbwew~`b~`"

We lkw yk~mb~`w p`n`b y`z }` `l pmz~enk `w w`bwejl` dmgem ~`fmw lkgml`w u }` lkw

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n` w pmz~enk wkb `iegmg`w pmzm h`b`zmz gmfjekw pkwe~eykw, `w~mzb

fw newp`w~kw m ebyklgzmzw` `b mg~eyenmn`w n` lm gkfbenmn u m yk~mz pkz w pmz~enk `b

lmw pztefmw `l`ggekb`w"

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@ LM JMBGMNM @B @L GKBG@CK

Gmbnk dmum nkw k fw fe`fjzkw n`l fewfk pmz~enk `b `l gkbg`ck, w` n`j`zmb kzhmbesmz

gkfk jmbgmnm, web efpkz~mz we w hzpk `w~ ikzfmlf`b~` z`gkbkgenk pkz lkw `w~m~~kw

lkgml`w k lkw z`hlmf`b~kw u pzkg`nefe`b~kw n`l gkbg`ck" Lm jmbgmnm n`j`zm w`z gkfk b

ikzk nkbn` lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w n`l fewfk pmz~enk w` z`b`b pmzm `w~mjl`g`z ww plmb`w u

`w~zm~`hemw, ~elesmbnk ww yewekb`w, pzkhzmfmw pkl~egkw u f`bwmc`w gkfpmz~enkw"


19/43

=0

@l Ibgekbmfe`b~k n` lm Jmbgmnm

Lm y`b~mcm n` lm jmbgmnm `w }` w~`n u lmw u lkw n`fw gkbg`cml`w n` w pmz~enk p`n`b

gkfpmz~ez lm gmzhm lmjkzml n`l gkbg`ck, lk }` dmg` }` `l ~zmjmck n` gmnm bk w`m fw

fmb`cmjl`" @l c`i` n` lm jmbgmnm n`j`zm mwehbmz z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w m gmnm fe`fjzk" @w

efpkz~mb~` bk n`cmz n` lmnk m bmne`- Bk w` n`j` g`b~zmlesmz ~knm lm z`wpkbwmjelenmn `b

bk k nkw fe`fjzkw" N`wmzzkll`b gkbg`cmlmw u gkbg`cml`w `tp`z~kw `b ~`fmw `wp`giegkw

pmzm mfplemz lm `tp`z~egem n`l hzpk" ^mfjeb mw`hz` }` gmnm gkbg`cmlm k gkbg`cml `w~

mg~eyk u lew~k pmzm dmjlmz `b lmw z`bekb`w n`l gkbg`ck `b lmw z`mw nkbn` w` l`w dm

mwehbmnk z`wpkbwmjelenmn"

Pbm jmbgmnm je`b fmb`cmnm z`}e`z` }` ~knkw ww fe`fjzkw ~zmjmc`b n` fmb`zm

gkbcb~m pmzm kzhmbesmz u fmb~`b`z bm kzhmbesmgeb ibgekbml" Bk ymum m p`bwmz }`,um }` ~knkw p`z~`b`g`fkw ml fewfk pmz~enk ~zmjmcmz`fkw je`b cb~kw u `w~mz`fkw n`

mg`znk `b ~knkw lkw ~`fmw-" Lmw gkkznebmgekb`w u gkbw`bwkw `b lmw pkwegekb`w n` lm

jmbgmnm u lmw `w~zm~`hemw ~kfmb ~e`fpk, ~zmjmck ` eby`zweb p`zwkbml"

Z`bekb`w n` Jmbgmnm

Lm jmbgmnm n`j`zm kzhmbesmz z`bekb`w ebn`p`bne`b~`f`b~` n` lmw w`wekb`w n`l gkbg`ck"

@b pzkf`nek, nkw z`bekb`w `b~z` gmnm z`beb n`l gkbg`ck w`zmb wiege`b~`w" Pbm

z`beb n`j`zm w`z ~elesmnm pmzm pz`pmzmz `w~zm~`hemw pkl~egmw u pkwegekb`w fw mfplemw,

gkfk m}`llkw ~`fmw u g`w~ekb`w }` w` }e`z`b pkb`z `b lm mh`bnm n` lmw w`wekb`w n`l

gkbg`ck" Lm w`hbnm z`beb n`j`zm w`z ~elesmnm pmzm pz`pmzmz lm z`beb fewfm n`l

gkbg`ck u pmzm `lefebmz k z`ngez kjw~glkw n` l~efk feb~k" We nkw z`bekb`w wkb

n`fmwemnmw, ~zm~`b n` mgkznmz `b bm z`beb n` plmb`mfe`b~k pzkhzmfmnm n` fmb`zm

z`hlmz `b~z` gmnm w`web n` gkbg`ck"

Lm z`beb n` lm jmbgmnm n`j`zm w`z bm z`beb pkl~egm g`zzmnm nkbn` lkw

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w n`l fewfk pmz~enk newg~`b u n`gen`b ww pkwegekb`w `b lb`m gkb `l

pzkhzmfm u `w~zm~`hem pkl~egm n`l pmz~enk" @w~mw z`bekb`w g`zzmnmw n`l pmz~enk n`j`zmb

ml`b~mz newgwekb`w mje`z~mw, izmbgmw u n`fkgz~egmw wkjz` lkw ~`fmw m ~zm~mz u n`j`zmb w`z


20/43

=9

~elesmnmw pmzm n`wmzzkllmz gkbw`bwkw pmzm lm pkwegeb u `w~zm~`hem gkfb }` `l pmz~enk

pkl~egk mnkp~mz n`b~zk n`l gkbg`ck"

_kl~egmw n` Jmbgmnm

Gkfk z`hlm h`b`zml, lmw z`bekb`w n` jmbgmnm n`j`zmb n`cmz b fmzh`b pmzm lm

newgz`pmbgem pkl~egm n`b~zk n` lkw gkbieb`w n` lm z`beb g`zzmnm" Web `fjmzhk, bm y`s

~kfmnm bm n`geweb, ~knkw lkw fe`fjzkw n`j`zmb mpkumz pjlegmf`b~` lm n`geweb n`l

hzpk" @w~m `w lm glmy` pmzm `l ìegms ibgekbmfe`b~k n` bm jmbgmnm"

Ê_KW N@ JMBGMNMW

W jmbgmnm pknzm ibgekbmz n` fmb`zmw nei`z`b~`w, n`p`bne`bnk n` lm gmb~enmn n`

fe`fjzkw n` w pmz~enk `b `l gkbg`ck, mw gkfk we w pmz~enk `w pmz~` n` lm gkmlegebhkj`zbmb~` k n` lm kpkwegeb"

Jmbgmnmw n` Pbk k Nkw Fe`fjzkw

Jmbgmnmw n` bk k nkw fe`fjzkw wkb z`lm~eymf`b~` igel`w n` kzhmbesmz" Mb}`

p`}`kw `b gmb~k m bf`zk n` fe`fjzkw, `w~` ~epk n` jmbgmnm mb ~e`b` b ~zmjmck

efpkz~mb~`" N`j`z ~zmjmcmz pmzm hmzmb~esmz }` lm pkwegeb n` w pmz~enk u ww

pz`kgpmgekb`w wkjz` `l hkje`zbk w`mb `wggdmnmw pkz `l gkbg`ck u `l pjlegk" Lm

jmbgmnm ~mfjeb n`j`z ~zmjmcmz pmzm fmb~`b`z ~mb~k m lm kiegebm n`l pmz~enk gkfk m lm

`w~zg~zm lkgml mg~eymw u gkfpzkf`~enmw" _mzm lkhzmz `w~mw ~mz`mw, `l hzpk n`j`

gkkznebmz u plmb`mz ww mggekb`w ` ebegem~eymw"

@w~` ~epk n` jmbgmnm n`j`zm lefe~mz w mg~eyenmn pkl~egm m m}`llkw ~`fmw nkbn` lkw

yk~mb~`w n`l pmz~enk ~`bhmb b eb~`zw `wp`giegk pmzm pkn`z fmtefesmz ww z`gzwkw u

ìegmgem" Bk ~zm~`b n` gkby`z~ezw` `b `tp`z~kw `b ~knkw lkw ~`fmw }` n`jm~ez `l gkbg`ck1

fw je`b `lecm m}`llkw }` ikz~ml`sgmb `l p`ziel n` w pmz~enk" Fmb~`bhm b gkb~mg~k

z`hlmz gkb lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w n` w pmz~enk `b lmw fbegepmlenmn`w u pzkyebgemw y`gebmw,

mw gkfk gkb lkw ln`z`w n`l pmz~enk" ^zmjmcmz `b b `wi`zsk gkkznebmnk gkb gkbg`ckw

y`gebkw `b ~`fmw gkfb`w fgdmw y`g`w m~zm` fw m~`bgeb n` lm pz`bwm u lm pkjlmgeb

}` lkw `wi`zskw ebneyenml`w n` bk k nkw gkbg`cml`w"


21/43

=8

Jmbgmnmw n` Fmukzm+Jmbgmnmw `b lm Gkmlegeb Hkj`zbmb~`

Gmbnk w pmz~enk ~e`b` lm fmukzm k pmz~egepm `b lm gkmlegeb n` hkje`zbk,

m~kf~egmf`b~` ~e`b` lmw d`zzmfe`b~mw pmzm ~zmjmcmz gkb lm mnfebew~zmgeb fbegepml

pmzm efpl`f`b~mz ww plmb`w ` en`mw" _`zk we w pmz~enk `w wkgek n` bm gkmlegeb n`

fmukzm, ~ml y`s ~`bnz }` pewmz `l ~`zz`bk n`legmnk `b~z` `l p`ziel pzkpek n` w pmz~enk u

`l mg`znk n` gkmlegeb" @w bm j`bm en`m }` lkw wkgekw n` bm gkmlegeb n`wmzzkll`b

mg`znkw n` gkmlegeb }` n`iebmb gfk w` n`j` ll`ymz m gmjk `l ~zmjmck n`b~zk n`l

gkbg`ck" M f`nenm }` lm gkmlegeb ibgekb` n`b~zk n`l gkbg`ck, gmnm pmz~enk fe`fjzk

n`j`zm mpz`gemz u `b~`bn`z lm b`g`wenmn n` }` gmnm pmz~enk n` lm gkmlegeb mbk~`

pb~kw `b gmb~k m ~`fmw n` pkl~egm }` l` w`mb n` efpkz~mbgem"

Lm glmy` m bm gkmlegeb `w~mjl` `w lm gkfbegmgeb kpkz~bm u `t~`bwm" @w fw igel

gkbw~zez gkbw`bwk `b ~`fmw pzekze~mzekw we lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm gkmlegeb dmjlmb `b~z` w"

_kz `c`fplk, `w efpkz~mb~` newg~ez ~`fmw pkl~egkw wehbeiegm~eykw ` eb~`b~mz ll`hmz m b

gkbw`bwk gkb ~knkw lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm gkmlegeb n` fmukzm mb~`w n` ebegemz b n`jm~`

pjlegk gkb lm kpkwegeb"

N`wpw n`l p`zeknk pkw~&`l`g~kzml, fgdmw jmbgmnmw n` fmukzm w` klyenmb }` n`j`b

n`wmzzkllmz bm mh`bnm n` pkl~egmw pmzm w ~zmjmck `b `l gkbg`ck" We lm jmbgmnm bk mg~m,

lm mnfebew~zmgeb fmb`cmz lm mh`bnm" Gmnm jmbgmnm n` fmukzm n`j`zm plmb`mz b

zfjk pkl~egk pmzm lkw mkw }` nz` w fmbnm~k u `w~mjl`g`z mbmlf`b~` b b`yk

c`hk n` kjc`~eykw"

Jmbgmnmw n` kpkwegeb

@l pmp`l n` lm jmbgmnm n` kpkwegeb `w efpkz~mb~` p`zk p`n` w`z izw~zmb~`, um }`

wmlf`b~` `l lmnk hkj`zbmb~` bk }e`z` `wggdmz lk }` neg` lm kpkwegeb" Lm jmbgmnm n`

kpkwegeb `w z`wpkbwmjl` n` mw`hzmz }` `l hkje`zbk ~zmjmc` pmzm `l je`b n` ~knkw, u n`j`

~zmjmcmz gkb~ebmf`b~` pmzm `tpz`wmz lm pkwegeb n` w pmz~enk wkjz` lkw plmb`w n`

hkje`zbk" @l ~zmjmck n` lm jmbgmnm, m ~zmyw n` ww `w~zm~`hemw, pz`hb~mw, pzkp`w~mw u

z`gkf`bnmgekb`w, l` pkb` lfe~`w m lm pkwejelenmn n` b hkje`zbk bk n`fkgz~egk"


22/43

=4

Gkfk jmbgmnm n` kpkwegeb n`j`zm pz`w`b~mz ml~`zbm~eymw m lmw pkl~egmw n` hkje`zbk"

N`wmzzkllmz u pz`w`b~mz pzkp`w~mw n` pkl~egmw nei`z`b~`w m m}`llmw n` lm gkmlegeb

hkj`zbmb~` `w bm ~mz`m efpkz~mb~` pmzm ~knmw u ~knkw lkw gkbg`cml`w n` kpkwegeb u ww

jmbgmnmw" Ml dmg`zlk, l`w nmb m lkw genmnmbkw kpgekb`w n`fkgz~egmw-

_mzm pkn`z ll`ymz m gmjk w ~zmjmck, lm jmbgmnm n`j` mn}ezez b iezf` `b~`bnefe`b~k n`

lmw z`hlmw u pzkg`nefe`b~kw }` nezeh`b lm kp`zmgeb n`l hkje`zbk" Gmb~k f`ckz w`m w

gkfpz`bweb n` lm lù, fw igel w`z kjlehmz ml hkje`zbk u w fmukzm m kp`zmz n`b~zk n`l

fmzgk n` lm lù" Lm jmbgmnm n` kpkwegeb ~mfjeb n`j`zm ~zmjmcmz pmzm hmzmb~esmz }` `l

gkbg`ck `w~ mje`z~k m lm kpebeb u newgweb pjlegm" Iebmlf`b~`, lm jmbgmnm ~mfjeb

n`j`z ~zmjmcmz pmzm fmb~`b`z ~mb~k lm kiegebm n`l pmz~enk gkfk lmw `w~zg~zmw lkgml`wmg~eymw u gkfpzkf`~enmw" _kz `c`fplk, pz`w`b~mz `l ibgekbmfe`b~k n`l hzpk, lm

new~zejgeb n` z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w u lkw plmb`w n` mggeb m lm `w~zg~zm lkgml, len`zmshk u

n`fw fe`fjzkw n`l pmz~enk, munmz m ikz~ml`g`z `l ybglk `b~z` lkw fe`fjzkw gkfb`w

n`l pmz~enk u w~`n, gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k"

IPBGEKBMFE@B^K @IEGMS N@ LM JMBGMNM

Lmw glmy`w pmzm b ~zmjmck n` jmbgmnm ìegms u pzkng~eyk wkb3

y Gkfbegmgeby Mw`hzmzw` }` lm jmbgmnm gkfpl`~m n`l pmz~enk w`pm lk }` lmw u lkw

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w n`l pmz~enk `w~b dmge`bnk `b lmw gkfewekb`w n`l gkbg`ck,

mw gkfk `b lmw cb~mw u k~zmw m~kzenmn`w

y N`l`hmgeb n` ~mz`mw u z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w

Pb ^zmjmck pmzm ^knkw

@l ln`z n` lm jmbgmnm bk lk p`n` dmg`z ~knk- Bk gkbwklen`b ~knm lm z`wpkbwmjelenmn `b

fmbkw n` bkw pkgkw" Lm jmbgmnm n`j`zm ~zmjmcmz gkfk `}epk, n` fmb`zm }` lkw

fe`fjzkw gkb `tp`ze`bgem u lkw b`ykw gkfpmz~mb `l ~zmjmck u gkbw~zumb gkbcb~mf`b~`

lmw kpgekb`w u pkwegekb`w }` mwfezb" @w efpkz~mb~` mw`hzmzw` }` lkw b`ykw

fe`fjzkw n` lm jmbgmnm z`gejmb n`wn` `l ebegek zkl`w u z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w `wp`giegmw" M


23/43

=5

`llkw w` l`w n`j`zm nmz lm kpkz~benmn n` fkw~zmz w ymlm ` ebyklgzmzw` pzkng~eymf`b~`

`b `l ~zmjmck n` lm jmbgmnm"

N`fkgzmgem Eb~`zbm

P~elesmz `l pzkg`wk n`fkgz~egk n`b~zk n` lm jmbgmnm n`l pmz~enk gkbwew~` `b fw }` wlk

kj~`b`z b yk~k fmukze~mzek" ^mfjeb gkbwew~` `b b n`jm~` z`hlmz, nkbn` w` ~kf`

`wp`geml genmnk `b mw`hzmz }` ~knmw lmw kpebekb`w dmumb wenk `tpz`wmnmw u gkfpmzmnmw

`b~z` w" @l wk n`l pzkg`wk n`fkgz~egk n`b~zk n` lm jmbgmnm `w ~mfjeb bm kpkz~benmn

pmzm gkbw~zez bm gkd`web m lmzhk plmsk n`b~zk n`l hzpk u l`ml~mn `b~z` lkw fe`fjzkw

n` lm jmbgmnm"

@tp`g~m~eymwN`j`zm }`nmz glmzk n`wn` `l pzebgepek lk }` bm jmbgmnm `wp`zm n` ww fe`fjzkw" Lmw

`tp`g~m~eymw }` bk wkb `tpz`wmnmw wkb fgdmw y`g`w `l fk~eyk pkz `l gml p`}`kw

z`w`b~efe`b~kw w` gkbye`z~`b `b pzkjl`fmw fmukz`w" We lkw gkfpzkfewkw `wp`zmnkw wkb

glmzmf`b~` ebnegmnkw u gkfpz`bnenkw pkz ~knkw lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm jmbgmnm, `w fw igel

}` ~knkw gfplmb gkb ww z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w u kjlehmgekb`w"

@ymlmgeb

W` n`j`zm plmb`mz u pzkhzmfmz b ~e`fpk pmzm }` lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w `yml`b `l ~zmjmck

n` w jmbgmnm" Pbm k nkw y`g`w ml mk w` n`j`zm h`b`zmz lm kpkz~benmn pmzm }` w`

z`bmb i`zm n` lm mh`bnm n` z`bekb`w n`l gkbg`ck, `b b mfje`b~` f`bkw `w~z`wmb~`,

pmzm z`yewmz lmw pkl~egmw n` lm jmbgmnm u new~zejez ~mz`mw u z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w" @w~mw

z`bekb`w wkb ~mfjeb bm kpkz~benmn pmzm pz`pmzmz pmzm `l pmz~enk bm pz`w`b~mgeb

wkjz` `l ~zmjmck n` lm jmbgmnm" Mn`fw n`l ~zmjmck n` lm jmbgmnm, lm pz`w`b~mgeb n`j`zm

z`wml~mz lmw gkb~zejgekb`w `wp`giegmw n` gmnm gkbg`cml k gkbg`cmlm"

Gkbw~zggeb n` bm Z`n

Pbk n` lkw f`ckz`w z`gzwkw pmzm gkfpmz~ez en`mw u wh`z`bgemw wkb lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w

n` w pmz~enk mg~eykw `b k~zmw fbepmlenmn`w u pzkyebgemw" _nml` m w pmz~enk }`

kzhmbes` lm gkfbegmgeb `b~z` gkbg`cmlmw u gkbg`cml`w n` lm fewfm z`heb" Gkbw~zum


24/43

:?

bm z`n `b~z` lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w n` w pmz~enk pnml` m gmnm bk w bkfjz`, ~`likbk u

gkzz`k `l`g~zbegk" Mle`b~` m ~knkw `b lm z`n m gkfpmz~ez u newg~ez ~`fmw u pzkjl`fmw

gkfb`w, mw gkfk dew~kzemw n` te~k wkjz` lmw mggekb`w n`l pmz~enk u `l ~zmjmck n`l

gkbg`ck" W jmbgmnm u w gkbg`ck w` pknzmb j`b`iegemz n` `w~m mjbnmb~` `tp`ze`bgem" Lm

z`n ~mfjeb pknzm w`z ~elesmnm pmzm `fpz`bn`z mggekb`w wefl~b`mw `b mlhb ~`fm

pzekze~mzek pmzm `l pmz~enk `b ~knkw lkw gkbg`ckw lkgml`w" @w~mw mggekb`w gkkznebmnmw

llmfmzb lm m~`bgeb n` lkw f`nekw u `l pjlegk"

W pmz~enk pknzm ~`b`z m mlhe`b m bey`l n` lm w`n` g`b~zml gum ibgeb w`m mwew~ez u

n`wmzzkllmz lm gkfbegmgeb `b~z` lmw u lkw gkbg`cml`w lkgml`w n` w pmz~enk" Lkw te~kw u

lmw l`ggekb`w mpz`bnenmw n`j`zmb w`z iz`g`b~`f`b~` gkfbegmnmw m `w~m p`zwkbm" M w

y`s, `w~m p`zwkbm w` `bgmzhmz }` lkw k~zkw bey`l`w n`l pmz~enk ln`z`w, kzhmbesmgekb`wz`hekbml`w u fbegepml`w, l`hewlmnkz`w bmgekbml`w `w~b ebikzfmnkw u gkbwge`b~`w n`l

~zmjmck }` dmb d`gdk u `l pzkhz`wk lkhzmnk"


25/43

:=

LM EF_KZ^MBGEM N@ LMW GKMLEGEKB@W

@b lm fmukzm n` lmw benmn`w n`l hkje`zbk lkgml, lkw pmz~enkw ~e`b`b }` ~zmjmcmz

gkbcb~mf`b~` pmzm ikzfmz bm fmukzm }` efplw` ww pzku`g~kw `b `l fbegepek" W

ebil`bgem pkl~egm gz`g`z gmbnk mpz`bnm lkw f~knkw u d`zzmfe`b~mw pmzm b`hkgemz

mg`znkw pzkng~eykw, yemjl`w u cw~kw" @b lm fmukzm n` lkw gmwkw, lkw pmz~enkw }`

~zmjmcmb pmzm lkhzmz `l gkb~zkl gkfpl`~k n`l gkbg`ck u `wp`zmb dmw~m }` lkw yk~mb~`w l`w

n`b bm fmukzm h`b`zml, m lm lmzhm pe`zn`b" N` fmb`zm wefelmz, m}`llkw pmz~enkw u

fe`fjzkw n` gkbg`ckw lkgml`w }` bk }e`zmb k bk lkhz`b gkbw~zez mg`znkw n` gkmlegeb

cw~kw, w`zb `ye~mnkw `b `l i~zk pkz lkw pkwejl`w wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb"

M gkb~ebmgeb plmb~`mfkw mlhbmw wh`z`bgemw wkjz` gfk pz`pmzmzw` pmzm lmwb`hkgemgekb`w u mlhbkw ebnegekw wkjz` gfk `w~zg~zmz b pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb pmzm

bm gkmlegeb"

_LMB@MBNK PBM B@HKGEMGEB @TE^KWM

We w pmz~enk }e`z` bm b`hkgemgeb `te~kwm, w~`n, ww gkbg`cmlmw u gkbg`cml`w, u w

pmz~enk lkgml n`j`zmb w`hez gkbcb~mf`b~` lkw wehe`b~`w pmwkw mb~`w n` ebegemz lmw

gkby`zwmgekb`w `b lm f`wm gkb lkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb"

y Mw`hz` }` lm jmbgmnm `b~e`bnm je`b gl`w wkb lmw f`~mw u kjc`~eykw n`w pmz~enk" ] }e`z`b lkhzmz `b gmb~k ml n`wmzzkllk n` pkl~egmw k

f`ckzmw `wp`giegmw `b lm gkfbenmn; Gl`w wkb ww kjc`~eykw gkbgz`~kw

pmzm gmfjemz k n`wmzzkllmz lm mnfebew~zmgeb lkgml; _lmwf`b `w~k `b pmp`l

pmzm }` }`n` fu glmzk pmzm ~knm lm jmbgmnm" W`zm f`ckz ~elesmz lm

plm~mikzfm k pzkhzmfm `l`g~kzml n`l pmz~enk gkfk bm hm pmzm z`nmg~mz

b jkzzmnkz n` lkw pzkhzmfmw n` hkje`zbk `wp`giegkw }` }e`z`b lkhzmz"

y Dmhm bm lew~m n` lk }` w pmz~enk gkbwen`zm }` wkb lkw ~`fmw upzkp`w~mw n` ww gkb~zmpmz~`w `b lm b`hkgemgeb" Gmb~k f`ckz `b~e`bnmb

lm pkwegeb, lkw ibnmf`b~kw k fk~eymgekb`w n` ww gkb~zmpmz~`w, fw igel


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w`z `bgkb~zmz wklgekb`w u pzkp`w~mw }` p`nmb wm~ewimg`z m ~knkw `b lm

f`wm n` b`hkgemgeb"

y We `wp`zm bm b`hkgemgeb neigel, n`j`zm p`bwmz wkjz` lkw pkz}wn`~zw n` lmw pkwegekb`w u pzkp`w~mw n` lkw pmz~enkw u p`zwkbmw `b lm f`wm

n` b`hkgemgeb" Dmu y`g`w `b }` `w fw igel ll`hmz m b gkbw`bwk wkjz`

mlhbm pzkp`w~m we w` p`n`b mglmzmz lkw eb~`z`w`w n`~zw n` `llm u wh`zez

k~zmw pzkp`w~mw }` mw`hz`b lm pzk~`ggeb n` ~knkw lkw eb~`z`w`w"

y Gmbnk `w~ ~zmjmcmbnk `b ~`fmw neigel`w, n`wmzzkll` bm w`ze` n`wh`z`bgemw }` pknzmb w`z pzkp`w~mw gkfk bm gkbg`web nzmb~` lmw

b`hkgemgekb`w" Fgdmw y`g`w `l pmz~enk }` dm `lmjkzmnk bm lew~m n`wh`z`bgemw n` gkbg`web ~`bnz fmukz kpgeb n` ll`hmz m gkbg`wekb`w }`

`bg`b~z`b mg`p~mjl`w"

y Zìezmw` m k~zkw `c`fplkw gkbgz`~kw n`b~zk n`l pmw k `b mlhb k~zk lhmzu n`wmzzkll` b gze~`zek kjc`~eyk }` p`nm w`z ~elesmnk pmzm gkbw~zez

gkbw`bwk `b~z` lmw pmz~`w" @b fgdkw gmwkw, lmw pkl~egmw wh`zenmw dmb

wenk efpl`f`b~mnmw `b mlhb k~zk lhmz n`l pmw k n`l fbnk" Mw`hz`w`

n` ~`b`z `wkw `c`fplkw m lm fmbk pmzm n`fkw~zmz }` bk `w~ pene`bnk

wklgekb`w n` `bw`k, webk pkl~egmw ìegmg`w }` um `w~b ebw~mlmnmw u

ibgekbmbnk"

y W`zm n` hzmb ~elenmn wkw~`b`z bm w`ze` n` gkbwl~mw gkb hzpkw nèb~`zw, kzhmbesmgekb`w bk hj`zbmf`b~ml`w u k~zmw kzhmbesmgekb`w geyel`w

`b lm fbegepmlenmn pmzm `wggdmz ww wh`z`bgemw gkbgz`~mw pmzm lm

mh`bnm n` lm b`ym gkmlegeb hkj`zbmb~`" @w~k pknzm munmz m gkbw~zez

l`he~efenmn pmzm lm gkmlegeb ml p`zfe~ez }` lmw kzhmbesmgekb`w u lkw

hzpkw kiz`sgmb ww kpebekb`w ml pzkg`wk n` ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w `b

pkl~egmw" @w~kw hzpkw ~e`b` `tp`z~egem `b ww z`wp`g~eymw z`mw, pkz lk }`

pknzmb z`gmjmz en`mw, mlhbmw n` lmw gml`w pknzmb w`z gkfpl`~mf`b~`


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:7

b`ymw" @w~m w`ze` n` gkbwl~mw pknzm w`z `l pzef`z pmwk `b `l pzkg`wk n`

b`hkgemgeb, mw`hzmbnk bm newgweb jmwmnm `b lkw pzkhzmfmw

pzkp`w~kw, ~`fmw z`ml`w u wklgekb`w mlgmbsmjl`w"

Lm Mg~e~n n` lm B`hkgemgeb

Gmbnk w` ~zm~` n` w gkfpkz~mfe`b~k n` b`hkgemgeb, gkfpz`bnm }` ~`bnz fmukz

pkwejelenmn n` te~k we ~zm~m m lkw n`fw pmz~enkw `b lm f`wm gkfk wkgekw" ^zm~` n`

en`b~eiegmz u gkbw~zez pkl~egmw `b lmw }` p`nmb ~zmjmcmz n` fmb`zm gkbcb~m,

gkkp`zmbnk f~mf`b~`" Z`g`zn` }` dmu }` w`z cw~kw gkb ww gkb~zmpmz~`w" Ml ieb u

ml gmjk, `llkw b`g`we~mb ~`b`z b mg`znk }` p`nmb y`bn`z m w pmz~enk u ww yk~mb~`w"

We pmz`g` }` w` dm gkbg`nenk n`fmwemnk, `l mg`znk bk fmb~`bnz benm m lm gkmlegeb"

@L _ZKG@WK N@ B@HKGEMGEB N@ LM GKMLEGEB

Pb pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb `w b`g`wmzek pmzm gkbw~zez bm gkmlegeb jmwmnm `b

ibnmf`b~kw wlenkw" @l pzkg`wk n`j`z gjzez ~knmw lmw z`mw `w`bgeml`w }` b`g`we~mzb

lkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb pmzm ~zmjmcmz gkbcb~mf`b~` `b `l i~zk" @b ymzekw pmw`w lkw

pmz~enkw pkl~egkw dmb ~elesmnk b pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb gkb z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w, f`~mw u

gml`bnmzekw glmzkw pmzm munmz `b lm newgweb `b~z` lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm gkmlegeb" M

gkb~ebmgeb w` pz`w`b~m b plmb n` b`hkgemgeb }` pknzm w`z wmnk gkfk bm hm pmzm

lkw `wi`zskw n` b`hkgemgeb n` w pmz~enk3

@l _lmb

_zef`zk, w` b`g`we~m b plmb pmzm efplwmz lm b`hkgemgeb m ~zmyw n`l pzkg`wk

b`g`wmzek" Gkfk pmz~` n` `w~` plmb w`zm pzn`b~` }` ~knkw lkw pmz~enkw w`b~mnkw `b lm

f`wm mg`zn`b bkfjzmz m bm p`zwkbm k m b `}epk n` p`zwkbmw gkfk fkn`zmnkz`w"

@w~` `}epk w`zm z`wpkbwmjl` n`l pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb" Iz`g`b~`f`b~` lm k `l

mlgmln` `l`g~k u w i~zk yeg` mlgmln` mwf`b `l pmp`l n` fkn`zmnkz`w" Web `fjmzhk, dmu

`c`fplkw `b }` lkw pmz~enkw mg`znmb ~elesmz gkfk fkn`zmnkz`w m ebneyenkw }` bk

kgpmzb gmzhk mlhbk `b `l b`yk hkje`zbk" Lkw fkn`zmnkz`w wkb gkfbf`b~` bm

d`zzmfe`b~m ~el pmzm gkbw~zez gkbiembsm `b~z` lkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb" @l pmp`l n` lkw

fkn`zmnkz`w `b lm b`hkgemgeb w`z z`nmg~mz b jkzzmnkz u wh`zez gkbw`bwkw,


28/43

:>

nkgf`b~kw n` pkl~egmw u mg`znkw" Mb}` `b fgdkw gmwkw lkw fkn`zmnkz`w wkb

pkl~egkw gkb mb~`g`n`b~`w `wp`giegkw n`b~zk n`l pmz~enk, w ~mz`m pzebgepml `w nmzl` `l

~e`fpk u m~`bgeb wiege`b~`w ml pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb ` efplwmz w pzkhz`wk" @l zkl n`

lkw `}epkw n` b`hkgemgeb n` lkw pmz~enkw `w b`hkgemz m imykz n` w pkwegeb pmz~enmzem"

Lm Mh`bnm n` B`hkgemgeb

W`hbnk, lkw wkgekw `b lm gkmlegeb n`j`b gz`mz bm mh`bnm gkfpl`~m pmzm `l mg`znk n`

gkmlegeb" Lkw fkn`zmnkz`w n`j`zmb ~`b`z lm ~mz`m n` pz`pmzmz b jkzzmnkz n` negdm

mh`bnm ~elesmbnk lmw en`mw u wh`z`bgemw n` lmw kzhmbesmgekb`w n` lm gkfbenmn u lkw

pzkhzmfmw pmz~enmzekw n` lkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb" Pb pzef`z jkzzmnkz n`l nkgf`b~k

w`zyezm gkfk jmw` pmzm lm b`hkgemgeb u w`zm `bf`bnmnk nzmb~` `l pzkg`wk n`

b`hkgemgeb" Nzmb~` lm b`hkgemgeb, lkw fkn`zmnkz`w n`j`zmb z`wfez lkw mg`znkw`w~mjl`genkw mw gkfk n`wmzzkllmz u pzkpkb`z gkbg`wekb`w pmzm }` lm b`hkgemgeb mymbg`"

Iz`g`b~`f`b~` jwgmzb we~mgekb`w j`b`iegekwmw pmzm ~knkw, nkbn` ~knkw lkw wkgekw

p`nmb `bgkb~zmz mlhk n` ww mh`bnmw `b `l pzkng~k iebml" Ml f`bkw, lkw wehe`b~`w ~z`w

~`fmw n`j`b w`z newg~enkw u mgkznmnkw pkz lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm gkmlegeb"

=% _kl~egmw iebmbge`zmw u pz`wp`w~mzemw @l fmzgk n` pkl~egmw iebmbge`zmw u pz`wp`w~mzemw m lmzhk plmsk nzmb~` lm

`tew~`bgem n` lm gkmlegeb n`j` w`z newg~enk, b`hkgemnk u mgkznmnk" @b~z` lmw

pz`hb~mw }` w` n`j`b dmg`z lkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb `w~b lmw wehe`b~`w3

Gfk fmb`cmz b niege~ pz`wp`w~mzek u } ~mb zpenmf`b~` w` p`n`ll`hmz m jmlmbg`mz `l pz`wp`w~k;

] hzmbn`w eby`zwekb`w `w~b plmb`mnmw nzmb~` `w~` `c`zgegek n`hkje`zbk;

W` `l`ymzb k z`ngezb lkw efp`w~kw;

^zmjmcmz jmck `w~` fmzgk n`wn` `l ebegek n` lm gkmlegeb h`b`zm b`hkgemgekb`wpz`wp`w~mzemw fw igel`w mk ~zmw mk"


29/43

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:% Mg`znkw n` pkl~egmw pmzm ~knkw lkw w`g~kz`w n`l hkje`zbk N`j`b n` dmj`z mg`znkw n` pkl~egmw pmzm lm gkmlegeb pmzm ~knkw lkw w`g~kz`w

n`l hkje`zbk lkgml" Lkw mg`znkw n`j`zmb n` gjzez `l zjzk ~zmbwpkz~`w,

plmb`mfe`b~k zjmbk k zzml, z`gkl`ggeb n` jmwzm u n`wd`gdkw, mwb~kw

wkgeml`w, `wg`lmw u `ngmgeb, pzk~`ggeb ml f`nek mfje`b~` u pkl~egmw dmgem

lmw fc`z`w, cy`b`w u p`bwekbew~mw, `b~z` k~zkw" Lkw b`hkgemnkz`w n`j`zb

z`nmg~mz b c`hk n` pkl~egmw glmzmw u gkbgewmw pmzm `w~mw z`mw" @w~mw pkl~egmw

hemzb m lkw ney`zwkw fe`fjzkw n`l hmjeb`~` `b lm efpl`f`b~mgeb nemzem n`

w ~zmjmck" Mb}` gmnm gkbg`cml ~zmjmcmz u y`z lkw ~`fmw n`wn` `l pb~k n`

yew~m n` w pmz~enk, ~knkw `w~mzb wc`~kw m efpl`f`b~mz u `c`g~mz pzkhzmfmw

`b gfplefe`b~k gkb lmw pkl~egmw n` lm gkmlegeb" Lkw mg`znkw ~mfjeb

w`zyezb pmzm }` `l hkje`zbk u w hmjeb`~` zebnm g`b~mw `b jmw` m lmwpkl~egmw mgkznmnmw"

7% New~zejgeb n` z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w u ibgekb`w Mwehbmz bkfjz`w k pmz~enkw m lmw ney`zwmw ~mz`mw u z`wpkbwmjelenmn`w n`b~zk lk

lkw gmzhkw n` len`zmshk n`b~zk n`l gkbg`ck" @b fgdkw gmwkw, `w~m `w lm pmz~`

n`l pzkg`wk n` b`hkgemgeb }` `w fw gkbkgenk, um }` lm pkjlmgeb `b

h`b`zml ~e`bn` m gz``z }` lkw pkl~egkw wklk `w~b eb~`z`wmnkw `b kj~`b`z

p`w~kw jzkgz~egkw" Mb}` bebhb pmz~enk n`j`zm y`~mz m lkw gmbnenm~kw n`

n` lkw k~zkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb, ml w`l`ggekbmz m ww gmbnenm~kw gmnm pmz~enk

n`j`zm `w~mz ml ~mb~k n`l `wpze~ n` `}epk b`g`wmzek pmzm mw`hzmz `l te~k

gkfk gkmlegeb"

_mz~egepmgeb n` lkw _mz~enkw n` lm Gkmlegeb `b lmw B`hkgemgekb`w

^`zg`zk, w` n`j` n`wmzzkllmz b pzkg`nefe`b~k pmzm n`~`zfebmz b `}elejzek `b~z` lm

`iegmgem n`l pzkg`wk u lm pmz~egepmgeb n` lkw pmz~enkw n` lm gkmlegeb" Pbm pkwejl`

wklgeb w`zm bkfjzmz p`}`kw `}epkw n` b`hkgemgeb }` ~`bnzmb lm z`wpkbwmjelenmn

n` ~kfmz n`gewekb`w gkb z`wp`g~k m gkbg`wekb`w pmzm ~`fmw pkl~egkw pzekze~mzekw" ^mfjeb

w` pknzmb gz`mz `}epkw n` b`hkgemgeb fw p`}`kw pmzm ~zmjmcmz `b gmnm w`g~kz n`

pkl~egmw pjlegmw n`l mg`znk" @w~m z`wklgeb w`zm bm ikzfm `iegms n` ebyklgzmz m


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fe`fjzkw mnegekbml`w n` lkw pmz~enkw `b `l pzkg`wk n` ~kfm n` n`gewekb`w $fw n` lkw

~pegkw gm~zk k gebgk% u ~mfjeb w`zm ~el pmzm gkbw~zez `l gkbw`bwk b`g`wmzek `b~z` lkw

ney`zwkw pmz~enkw pmzm `l mg`znk iebml n` lm gkmlegeb"

NEWGPWEB U ZM^EIEGMGEB N@L MGP@ZNK N@ LM GKMLEGEB

Iebmlf`b~`, `w fu efpkz~mb~` gkb~mz gkb `l ~e`fpk b`g`wmzek pmzm }` gmnm pmz~enk

newg~m u mg`p~` `l mg`znk iebml n` lm gkmlegeb" Lkw b`hkgemnkz`w }` pz`pmzmzkb `l

mg`znk pzkjmjl`f`b~` n`i`bn`zb `l z`wl~mnk mlgmbsmnk, p`zk wlk lkw pmz~enkw, gkb lkw

z`wp`g~eykw mpkz~`w n` ww fe`fjzkw, n`j`zmb n` ~kfmz lm n`geweb n` mg`p~mz lkw

~zfebkw n`l mg`znk u w ebhz`wk m lm gkmlegeb"

_PJLEGMGEB N@L MGP@ZNK N@ GKMLEGEBBk dmu bmnm w`gz`~k wkjz` w yeweb n` hkje`zbk u lmw pkl~egmw gkbgz`~mw wkjz` lmw gml`w

ibgekbmz w gkmlegeb" Ww yk~mb~`w n`j`zmb `b~`bn`z }` w~`n dm ~`benk }` ll`hmz m

b mg`znk gkb k~zkw wkgekw n` lm gkmlegeb, u }` bk pnk ebhz`wmz ~knmw ww en`mw `b `l

mg`znk iebml" Ml dmg`z `l mg`znk n` gkmlegeb n`l nkfebek pjlegk, lkw fe`fjzkw n` lm

gkfbenmn p`n`b y`z gkfk ww yk~kw ebneyenml`w z`wl~mzkb `b b plmb gkbgz`~k n`

pkl~egmw pjlegmw" Mn`fw, ww gkb~zmpmz~`w n` lm wkge`nmn geyel w` w`b~ezb

`b~wemwfmnmw n` `bgkb~zmz mlhbmw n` ww en`mw f`bgekbmnmw `b `l nkgf`b~k" Mlhbmw

n` lmw fmb`zmw pmzm dmg`z pjlegk `l mg`znk n` gkmlegeb ebglu`b gklhmzlk `b lmw

phebmw x`j n`l gkbg`ck k n` lkw pmz~enkw fe`fjzkw k pjlegmzlk `b `l p`zenegk lkgml"


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Z@GKBKGEFE@B^KW

Lm y`zweb kzehebml n` `w~` fmbml i` n`wmzzkllmnm pkz `l @}epk n` BNE `b Gzkmgem3

Ckdmb Dmf`lw

Mlmb Wewebmgae

Amz`b Hmeb`z

Wmzmd D" C`baebw

Mfu Hzmu

Bm~mlecm Jaky`g

B`w~zk mhzmn`gefe`b~k m3

@l _mz~enk Lej`zml N`fgzm~m $Lej`zml N`fkgzm~w% n` Hzmb Jz`~mm pkz ~knkw ww

`t~zmkznebmzekw fmbml`w pmzm gkbg`cmlmw u gkbg`cml`w lkgml`w, lkw gml`w ebglu`b3

Kp`b, Mg~ey` mbn @ii`g~ey`3 Lej`zml N`fkgzm~w _lmb ikz _mzewd mbn ^kxbGkffbe~e`w u Zbbebh m Wgg`wwil Gkbgel Hzkp, pjlegmnk pkz lm Mwkgemgeb n`

Gkbg`cml`w Lej`zml N`fgzm~mw $Mwwkgem~ekb ki Lej`zml N`fkgzm~ Gkpbgellkzw%

Jelnebh @ii`g~ey` Lkgml Hky`zbmbg`, M Hen` ikz Lkgml Gkbgelkzw, n`wmzzkllmnk pkz

`l `}epk n` BNE `b Humbm" Bm~ekbml N`fkgzm~eg Ebw~e~~` ikz Eb~`zbm~ekbml Miimezw

$=550%

Pbn`zw~mbnebh Lkgml Hky`zbf`b~ mbn Dkx ~k N`y`lkp Ge~es`b _mz~egepm~ekb _zkhzmfw

~dm~ Xell W~z`bh~d`b e~ mw m N`fkgzm~eg Ebw~e~~ekb, Xmllmg` Zkh`zw, Gkbwl~kz n`

Hkje`zbk Lkgml $=558%

Lkgml Hky`zbf`b~3 M Gkbgellkzw Hen` =550+59, Lm Cb~m Mnfebew~zm~eym n`l

Hkje`zbk Lkgml n`l Z`ebk Pbenk $^d` Lkgml Hky`zbf`b~ Fmbmh`f`b~ Jkmzn ki ~d` PA,

=550%

Plzegd Jkdb`z, Yeg`pz`wen`b~` @c`g~eyk n`l Gkbhz`wk n` M~kzenmn`w Lkgml`w u

Z`hekbml`w n` @zkpm"


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M_BNEG@ GNEHK N@ GKBNPG^M @PZK_@K _MZM LM

EB^@HZENMN _KL^EGM N@ Z@_Z@W@B^MB^@W @L@G^KW

LKGML@W U Z@HEKBML@W

Eb~zknggeb

@l Gkbhz`wk n` lmw M~kzenmn`w Z`hekbml`w u Lkgml`w n`l Gkbg`ck n` @zkpm,

Dmge`bnk debgmpe `b }` lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w ll`y`b m

gmjk ww ibgekb`w n`b~zk n`l fmzgk bkzfm~eyk u n` mg`znk gkb `l fmbnm~k k~kzhmnk

pkz `l `l`g~kzmnk u `b }` wkb z`wpkbwmjl`w mb~` lm pkjlmgeb lkgml k z`hekbml `b w

~k~mlenmn, ebglu`bnk m}`llkw `l`g~kz`w }` bk yk~mzkb pkz `llkw1

Gkbwen`zmbnk }` `l z`wp`~k pkz `l fmbnm~k n`l `l`g~kzmnk ym n` lm fmbk gkb `l z`wp`~k

pkz lkw `w~bnmz`w ~egkw1

_zkibnmf`b~` pz`kgpmnkw pkz `l ebgz`f`b~k `b `l bf`zk n` `wgbnmlkw cnegeml`w }`

ebyklgzmb m z`pz`w`b~mb~`w pkl~egkw }` dmb gkf`~enk n`le~kw fe`b~zmw kw~`b~mjmb b

gmzhk pjlegk u bk~mbnk }` lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w bk `w~b pkz`bgefm n` gkf`~`z negdkw n`le~kw1

Gkby`bgenkw n` }` `l pzkfky`z gnehkw n` gkbng~m pmzm lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w

`l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w p`zfe~ez }` jzk~` lm gkbiembsm `b~z` lmw u lkw pkl~egkw

lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w u lm genmnmbm1

Gkby`bgenkw n` }` bm z`lmgeb n` gkbiembsm `w ebnewp`bwmjl` pmzm }` lmw u lkw

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw p`nmb `c`zg`z w ibgeb n` fmb`zm `iegms1

Bk~mbnk }` lm l`hewlmgeb `w gmnm y`s fw iz`g`b~`f`b~` wpl`f`b~mnm gkb gnehkw n`

gkbng~m `b ymzemw z`mw gkfk lmw z`lmgekb`w gkf`zgeml`w, jmbgmzemw u lm mnfebew~zmgeb1


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Gzù`bnk }` `w bm kjlehmgeb n` lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w `l

~kfmz pmwkw wefelmz`w `b ww ney`zwmw z`mw n` z`wpkbwmjelenmn1

Gkby`bgenkw n` }` lm nìebegeb, `b lm ikzfm n` b gnehk n` gkbng~m, n` lmw

kjlehmgekb`w ~egmw n` lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w mglmzmz w zkl

u ibgekb`w u z`miezfmz lm efpkz~mbgem n` m}`llmw ibgekb`w1

Gkby`bgenkw n` }` `w~` gnehk n`j` mjmzgmz n` lm fmb`zm fw gkfpl`~m pkwejl` ~knk `l

~zmjmck ll`ymnk m gmjk pkz lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw1

Dmge`bnk debgmpe }` gnehkw n` gkbng~m efplegmb }` `wkw efp`zm~eykw ~egkw n`j`b

n` w`z z`wp`~mnkw1

Ebnegmbnk }` ~knm lm wkge`nmn geyel n`j` ebyklgzmzw` `b lm z`w~mzmgeb n` b glefm n`

gkbiembsm u z`wml~mbnk `l zkl n` lmw u lkw fewfkw genmnmbkw u lkw f`nekw `b `w~` mwp`g~k1

Z`miezfmbnk }` bk w` p`n`b efpkb`z kjlehmgekb`w web k~kzhmz lmw hmzmb~mw }`

p`zfe~mb m lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw lkgml`w u z`hekbml`w gfplez gkb ww ibgekb`w

u z`gkznmbnk `b `w~` mwp`g~k lmw pzkyewekb`w z`l`ymb~`w n` lm Gmz~m @zkp`m n`

M~khkje`zbk Lkgml u lm Gmz~m @zkp`m n` M~khkje`zbk Z`hekbml1

Gkbwen`zmbnk lm l`hewlmgeb mg~mlf`b~` yeh`b~` `b lkw pmw`w fe`fjzkw u `l ~zmjmckz`l`ymb~` }` w` ye`b` dmge`bnk m bey`l eb~`zbmgekbml, pzkpkb` `l wehe`b~` Gnehk n`Gkbng~m pmzm lm Eb~`hzenmn _kl~egm n` Z`pz`w`b~mb~`w @l`g~kw Lkgml`w u Z`hekbml`w3

E MLGMBG@

Mz~glk = Nìebegeb n` b z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k

_mzm ì`g~kw n` `w~` Gnehk, `l ~zfebk z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k wehbeiegm gml}e`z pkl~egk

}` kw~`b~` b fmbnm~k n` m~kzenmn lkgml k z`hekbml z`gejenk pkz f`nek n` bm `l`ggeb


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pzebgepml $`l`ggeb pkz wizmhek nez`g~k% k pkz f`nek n` bm `l`ggeb w`gbnmzem$`l`ggeb

m lm kiegebm `c`g~eym pkz `l gkbg`ck lkgml k z`hekbml%"

Mz~glk : Nìebegeb n` ibgekb`w

_mzm ì`g~kw n` `w~` Gnehk, `l ~zfebk ibgekb`w wehbeiegm b fmbnm~k `l`g~eyk

pzebgepml k w`gbnmzek u ~knmw lmw ibgekb`w `c`zgenmw pkz bm k b z`pz`w`b~mb~` `l`g~k

jmck `w` fmbnm~k"

Mz~glk 7 Kjc`~k n`l gnehk

@l kjc`~k n` `w~` Gnehk `w `wp`geiegmz lkw `w~bnmz`w n` gkbng~m }` w` `wp`zmb n` lmw ulkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw `b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w ` ebikzfmz m lmw u lkw

genmnmbkw wkjz` lkw `w~bnmz`w n` gkbng~m }` ~e`b`b n`z`gdk m `wp`zmz n` ww

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw

EE _ZEBGE_EKW H@B@ZML@W

Mz~glk > Lm pzefmgm n` lm lù u `l eb~`zw pjlegk

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw kgpmb gmzhkw pjlegkw jmck lm lù u n`j`b n` mg~mz `b

gkbgkznmbgem gkb lm lù `b ~knk fkf`b~k"

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`zb `w~mz ml w`zyegek

n` lkw eb~`z`w`w n` lm pkjlmgeb u bk `tglweymf`b~` n` w eb~`zw p`zwkbml nez`g~k k

ebnez`g~k k `l eb~`zw pmz~eglmz n` ebneyenkw k hzpkw n` ebneyenkw }` ~`bhmb `l

kjc`~eyk n` n`zeymz j`bìegekw p`zwkbml`w nez`g~kw k ebnez`g~kw"


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Mz~glk 0 Kjc`~eykw n`l gfplefe`b~k n`l fmbnm~k

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`b gkfpzkf`~`zw` m `c`zg`z ww ibgekb`w n` fmb`zm

neleh`b~`, dkb`w~m u gkb lm yklb~mn n` z`bnez g`b~mw pkz ww n`gewekb`w"

Mz~glk 9 Z`w~zeggekb`w n`l gfplefe`b~k n`l fmbnm~k

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`zb z`wp`~mz lkw

pkn`z`w u n`z`gdkw n` ~knkw lkw n`fw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w pkl~egkw `l`g~kw u ~knkw lkw

`fpl`mnkw pjlegkw"

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w bk n`j`zb ml`b~mz be munmz mbebhb k~zk z`pz`w`b~mb~` pkl~egk k `fpl`mnk pjlegk m yeklmz lkw pzebgepekw m}

n`wgze~kw"

EEE KJLEHMGEKB@W @W_@GIEGMW

=" Mwfe`bnk `l Gmzhk

Mz~glk 8 Z`hlmw }` zeh`b lmw gmfpmmw `l`g~kzml`w

Lmw gmfpmmw `l`g~kzml`w n` lmw u lkw gmbnenm~kw n`j`zmb jwgmz kiz`g`z ebikzfmgeb u

`tplegmgekb`w wkjz` ww pzkhzmfmw pkl~egkw"

Lmw u lkw gmbnenm~kw bk n`j`zmb eb~`b~mz jwgmz yk~kw n` bebhbm k~zm ikzfm }` bk w`mb

lkw mzhf`b~kw p`zwmweykw u `l n`jm~`"

_mz~eglmzf`b~`, bk n`j`zmb eb~`b~mz kj~`b`z yk~kw neimfmbnk m lmw u lkw k~zkw

gmbnenm~kw, ~elesmbnk lm yekl`bgem u+k mf`bmsmw, fmbeplmbnk lkw z`hew~zkw `l`g~kzml`w

u+k lkw z`wl~mnkw n` lm yk~mgeb be k~kzhmbnk kiz`ge`bnk imykz`w"


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:" Kgpmbnk `l Gmzhk

Mz~glk 4 _zkdejegeb n` imykz`g`z

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk ll`ymzb m gmjk ww ibgekb`w be ~elesmzb lmw

pz`zzkhm~eymw n` w gmzhk m imykz n`l eb~`zw pmz~eglmz n` mlhb ebneyenk k hzpk n`

ebneyenkw, gkb lm eb~`bgeb n` n`zeymz n` `llk b j`b`iegek p`zwkbml nez`g~k k ebnez`g~k"

Mz~glk 5 _zkdejegeb n` `c`zg`z lm m~kzenmn m j`b`iegek pzkpek

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk `c`zg`zb ww ibgekb`w be ~elesmzb lmw pz`zzkhm~eymw

n` w gmzhk pmzm efplwmz ww pzkpekw eb~`z`w`w pzeymnkw k p`zwkbml`w, w`mb `w~kw nez`g~kwk ebnez`g~kw"

Mz~glk =? Gkbileg~k n` eb~`z`w`w

Gmbnk lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw ~e`b`b b eb~`zw p`zwkbml nez`g~k k ebnez`g~k `b

mwb~kw }` `w~b we`bnk `tmfebmnkw pkz gkbg`ckw lkgml`w k z`hekbml`w k pkz lkw `b~`w

`c`g~eykw, w` n`j`zb gkfpzkf`~`z m dmg`z pjlegkw `wkw eb~`z`w`w mb~`w n` }` w`

ebege`b lmw n`lej`zmgekb`w u }` w` wkf`~m `l mwb~k m yk~mgeb"

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w` mjw~`bnzb n` gml}e`z n`lej`zmgeb k yk~mgeb `b

~`fmw `b lkw gml`w ~`bhmb b eb~`zw p`zwkbml nez`g~k k ebnez`g~k"

Mz~glk == Lfe~`w m lm kgpmgeb n` nkw k fw bkfjzmfe`b~kw wefl~b`kw

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`zb gfplez gkb gml}e`z z`hlmf`b~k yeh`b~`

nezehenk m lefe~mz lm kgpmgeb n` nkw k fw bkfjzmfe`b~kw pkl~egkw wefl~b`mf`b~`"

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk n`j`zb kgpmz k~zkw bkfjzmfe`b~kw pkl~egkw gmbnk

`w~k l`w efpenm `c`zg`z ww ibgekb`w gkfk z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw"


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^mfpkgk n`j`zb ~`b`z kgpmz k~zmw ibgekb`w, fmbnm~kw `l`g~eykw, kgpmgekb`w k

bkfjzmfe`b~kw kiegeml`w }` mgmzz``b lm wp`zyeweb n` ww pzkpemw ibgekb`w gkfk

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw k n` lk }` `llkw fewfkw n`j`zmb wp`zyewmz `b w gmpmgenmn n`

z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw"

Mz~glk =: @c`zgegek n` pkn`z`w newgz`gekbml`w

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww pkn`z`w newgz`gekbml`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk w`

k~kzhmzb m w fewfkw bebhb ~epk n` y`b~mcm nez`g~m k ebnez`g~m, be k~kzhmzb y`b~mcm m b

ebneyenk be hzpk n` ebneyenkw gkb `l ieb n` n`zeymz n` `llk b j`b`iegek p`zwkbml

nez`g~k k ebnez`g~k"

W` nmzb fk~eykw n`~mllmnkw pmzm gml}e`z n`geweb, `wp`geiegmbnk ~knkw lkw img~kz`w `b

lkw }` w` jmwm lm n`geweb, pmz~eglmzf`b~` lmw bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw mplegmjl`w, u

n`fkw~zmbnk gfk lm n`geweb gfpl` gkb negdmw bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw"

N` bk dmj`z bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw, lkw fk~eykw pmzm lm n`geweb ebglezb `l`f`b~kw }`

n`f`w~z`b w pzkpkzgekbmlenmn, efpmzgemlenmn u gkbikzfenmn gkb lkw eb~`z`w`w n` lm

pkjlmgeb"

Mz~glk =7 _zkdejegeb n` gkzzpgeb

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w` mjw~`bnzb n`

gml}e`z gkbng~m }` gmleie}`, jmck lm l`hewlmgeb yeh`b~` bmgekbml ` eb~`zbmgekbml,

gkfk b wkjkzbk mg~eyk k pmweyk"


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Mz~glk => Kjw`zymgeb n` lm newgeplebm pz`wp`w~mzem u iebmbge`zm

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w` gkfpzkf`~`zb m kjw`zymz lm newgeplebm pz`wp`w~mzem

u iebmbge`zm, lk }` hmzmb~esmz `l fmb`ck mn`gmnk n` lkw ikbnkw pjlegkw, w`hb w

n`iebegeb jmck lm l`hewlmgeb bmgekbml p`z~eb`b~`"

@b `l gfplefe`b~k n` ww kjlehmgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk fmly`zwmzb

ikbnkw pjlegkw u+k m}`llkw pzky`be`b~`w n` gkby`bekw" Bk dmzb bmnm }` pne`w`

gkbngezlkw m ~elesmz ikbnkw pjlegkw u+k m}`llkw pzky`be`b~`w n` gkby`bekw gkb ieb`w

p`zwkbml`w nez`g~kw k ebnez`g~kw"

7" Z`bbgembnk ml Gmzhk

Mz~glk =0 _zkdejegeb n` mw`hzmz ge`z~kw bkfjzmfe`b~kw

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk ~kfmzb bebhbm

f`nenm gkfk k~kzhmzw` m w fewfkw bm y`b~mcm pzki`wekbml p`zwkbml i~zm bm y`s }`

dmumb z`bbgemnk m ww ibgekb`w3

& @b `b~enmn`w pjlegmw k pzeymnmw wkjz` lmw gml`w `c`zge`zkb bm wp`zyeweb

fe`b~zmw `c`zgmb `wmw ibgekb`w1

& @b `b~enmn`w pjlegmw k pzeymnmw gkb }e`b`w `w~mjl`ge`zkb bm z`lmgeb

gkb~zmg~ml fe`b~zmw `c`zgmb `wmw ibgekb`w1

& @b `b~enmn`w pjlegmw k pzeymnmw }` dmumb wenk `w~mjl`genmw nzmb~` w fmbnm~k`b `l gmzhk u `b yez~n n` lkw pkn`z`w m `llkw gkbiemnkw"


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EY F@NEKW N@ WP_@ZYEWEB

=" Mwfe`bnk `l Gmzhk

Mz~glk =9 Lefe~mgekb`w u n`glmzmgeb n` hmw~kw n` gmfpmm

Lmw u lkw gmbnenm~kw n`j`zb fmb~`b`z ww hmw~kw nzmb~` gmfpmmw `l`g~kzml`w

jmlmbg`mnkw u n`b~zk n` lfe~`w zmskbmjl`w"

Gfplezb neleh`b~`f`b~` gml}e`z f`nenm jmck lmw z`hlmgekb`w yeh`b~`w }` z`}e`zm

dmg`z n`l gkbkgefe`b~k pjlegk lmw i`b~`w u lkw fkb~kw n` lkw ebhz`wkw n`negmnkw ml

iebmbgemfe`b~k n` lm gmfpmm u lm bm~zml`sm u fkb~k n` w hmw~k"

N` bk `tew~ez bkzfmw yeh`b~`w wkjz` `w~` ~`fm, pzky``zb `w~m ebikzfmgeb wefpl`f`b~` m

p`nenk"

:" Kgpmbnk `l Gmzhk

Mz~glk =8 N`glmzmgeb n` eb~`z`w`w

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw gfplezb neleh`b~`f`b~` gkb gml}e`z f`nenm jmck lmwz`hlmgekb`w yeh`b~`w }` z`}e`zm dmg`z n`l gkbkgefe`b~k pjlegk ww eb~`z`w`wp`zwkbml`w nez`g~kw ` ebnez`g~kw, ww k~zkw fmbnm~kw, ibgekb`w kgpmgekb`w, k gmfjekw`b ww pm~zefkbekw"

N` bk `tew~ez bkzfmw yeh`b~`w wkjz` `w~` ~`fm, pzky``zb `w~m ebikzfmgeb wefpl`f`b~` m

p`nenk"


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Mz~glk =4 Gfple`bnk gkb f`nenmw n` wp`zyeweb eb~`zbmw u `t~`zbmw

Nzmb~` `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw bk `b~kzp`g`zb lm

efpl`f`b~mgeb n` gml}e`z f`nenm n` wp`zyeweb }` lmw m~kzenmn`w eb~`zbmw k

`t~`zbmw z`l`ymb~`w p`nmb `l`hez mplegmz, gkb lm n`jenm cw~eiegmgeb u izmb}`sm"

Gfplezb neleh`b~`f`b~` gkb gml}e`z f`nenm n` mplegmgeb ebf`nem~m k n`geweb iebml

}` ~kf`b negdmw m~kzenmn`w"

Gmbnk ww~`b~`b ww mg~kw k n`gewekb`w wc`~mw m negdm wp`zyeweb, f`bgekbmzb

`tpz`wmf`b~` lm `tew~`bgem n` lmw f`nenmw n` wp`zyeweb u `wp`geiegmzb lmw m~kzenmn`w

gkfp`~`b~`w pmzm w efpl`f`b~mgeb"

Y Z@LMGEKB@W GKB @L _JLEGK

Mz~glk =5 _jlegmbnk u ww~`b~mbnk n`gewekb`w

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w`zb z`wpkbwmjl`w mb~` lm pkjlmgeb lkgml `b w ~k~mlenmn

nzmb~` ~knk w fmbnm~k"

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw nmzb `tplegmgekb`w n`~mllmnmw pkz gml}e`z n`geweb }`

~kf`b, `wp`geiegmbnk ~knkw lkw img~kz`w `b lkw gml`w jmwmzkb w n`geweb, pmz~eglmzf`b~`

lmw bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw mplegmjl`w, u n`fkw~zmbnk gfk w n`geweb gfpl` gkb negdmw

bkzfmw u z`hlmf`b~kw"

Gmbnk ~ml ebikzfmgeb w`m gkbien`bgeml, w` `tplegmzb lkw fk~eykw pmzm negdm

gkbien`bgemlenmn"

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw z`wpkbn`zb neleh`b~`f`b~` m gml}e`z p`nenk n` lm

pkjlmgeb z`lmgekbmnk ml `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, `l ww~`b~k n` ww mggekb`w k `l

ibgekbmfe`b~k n` lkw w`zyegekw u n`pmz~mf`b~kw jmck w z`wpkbwmjelenmn"


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Ml`b~mzb u pzkfky`zb gml}e`z f`nenm }` ikf`b~` lm dkb`w~enmn gkb z`wp`g~k m ww

pkn`z`w, ml `c`zgegek n` `wkw pkn`z`w u `l ibgekbmfe`b~k n` lkw w`zyegekw u

n`pmz~mf`b~kw jmck w z`wpkbwmjelenmn"

YE Z@LMGEKB@W GKB @L _@ZWKBML N@L HKJE@ZBK LKGML

Mz~glk :? & Bkfjzmfe`b~kw

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`zb gkfpzkf`~`zw` gkb pz`y`bez gml}e`z

bkfjzmfe`b~k n` p`zwkbml mnfebew~zm~eyk jmwmnk `b pzebgepekw }` bk w`mb `l

z`gkbkgefe`b~k n` fze~kw u dmjelenmn`w pzki`wekbml`w u+k pkz k~zkw fk~eykw }` bk w`mblmw b`g`wenmn`w n`l n`pmz~mf`b~k"

@b gmb~k m bkfjzmfe`b~kw u mwg`bwkw, lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw ~kfmzb bm n`geweb

kjc`~eym u zmskbmnm, n`fkw~zmbnk dmj`z z`mlesmnk lm n`jenm neleh`bgem"

Mz~glk := Z`wp`~k ml zkl n`l p`zwkbml n`l hkje`zbk lkgml

Nzmb~` `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w`zb z`wp`~kwkw

gkb `l zkl n`l p`zwkbml n`l hkje`zbk lkgml }` l`w z`pkz~mb, web p`zcegek ml `c`zgegek

l`h~efk n` w m~kzenmn c`zz}egm"

Bk p`nezb be z`}`zezb }` lkw `fpl`mnkw pjlegkw ~kf`b kfe~mb ~kfmz mlhbm

f`nenm }` efple}` bm y`b~mcm p`zwkbml nez`g~m k ebnez`g~m k nmz bm y`b~mcm m

ebneyenkw k hzpkw n` ebneyenkw gkb `l ieb n` n`zeymz n` `llk b j`b`iegek p`zwkbml

nez`g~k k ebnez`g~k"


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Mz~glk :: _zkfky`z `l pmp`l n`l p`zwkbml n`l hkje`zbk lkgml

@b `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w, lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw w` mw`hzmzb n`

pzkfky`z ml ftefk `l pmp`l n` lkw `fpl`mnkw n`l hkje`zbk lkgml }` l`w z`pkz~mb"

Ml`b~mzb u pzkfky`zb gml}e`z f`nenm }` ikf`b~` bm f`ckzm `b `l z`bnefe`b~k

kp`zm~eyk n` lkw w`zyegekw k n`pmz~mf`b~kw jmck w z`wpkbwmjelenmn u lm fk~eymgeb n`l

p`zwkbml mi`g~mnk"

YEE Z@LMGEKB@W GKB LKW F@NEKW

Mz~glk :7

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw z`wpkbn`zb n` fmb`zm neleh`b~`, dkb`w~m u ~k~ml m

gml}e`z wklege~n n` lkw f`nekw n` ebikzfmgeb z`lmgekbmnm ml `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w

fmw bk wfebew~zmzb bebhbm ebikzfmgeb gkbien`bgeml k ebikzfmgeb z`lmgekbmnm gkb lm

yenm pzeymnm n` lmw k lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw k~zm p`zwkbm"

Ml`b~mzb u pzkfky`zb gml}e`z f`nenm }` ikf`b~` lm gkj`z~zm n` lkw f`nekw n` ww

pkn`z`w, `l `c`zgegek n` ww ibgekb`w u `l ibgekbmfe`b~k n` lkw w`zyegekw u

n`pmz~mf`b~kw jmck w z`wpkbwmjelenmn"

YEEE EBIKZFMGEB, NEIPWEB U GKBGE@B^ESMGEB

Mz~glk :> Neiweb n`l gnehk m lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`zb gkfpzkf`~`zw` m l``z u gkfpz`bn`z ~knmw lmwnewpkwegekb`w n` `w~` gnehk u lkw z`hlmf`b~kw m} mlnenkw, u fmbei`w~mz `w~mznewp`w~kw m w`z hemnkw pkz lmw newpkwegekb`w n`l gnehk"


43/43

Mz~glk :0 Neiweb n`l gnehk m lm pkjlmgeb, ml p`zwkbml n`l hkje`zbk lkgml u m lkw

f`nekw

Lmw u lkw z`pz`w`b~mb~`w `l`g~kw n`j`b ml`b~mz u pzkfky`z gml}e`z f`nenm }` ikf`b~`

lm neiweb n` `w~` gnehk ml p`zwkbml m w gmzhk, m lm pkjlmgeb u m lkw f`nekw, u }`

ebgz`f`b~` `l gkbkgefe`b~k `b~z` `wmw p`zwkbmw n` lkw pzebgepekw m} ebglenkw"

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