eBook - (Cisco) Wireless Network Solutions

7/31/2019 eBook - (Cisco) Wireless Network Solutions

1/66

1Cisco Wireless Training 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Wireless NetworkWireless Network

SolutionsSolutions

Paul WilliamsPaul Williams

Systems Engineer SPLOB Southern AfricaSystems Engineer SPLOB Southern Africa

pawilliapawillia@@ciscocisco.com.com


2/66

2

Wireless LAN TopologiesWireless LAN Topologies

Cisco Wireless Training 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.


3/66


Wireless Bridging

LAN-to-LANconnectivity

Two Different ImplementationsTwo Different Implementations

of Wireless LAN Technologyof Wireless LAN Technology

Wireless Networking

Mobile user connectivity


4/66


What Are Wireless LANs?What Are Wireless LANs?

They ARE:

Local, not wide area

In-building or campus areacoverage for mobile users

Up to several miles forpoint-to-point (LAN to LAN)

Radio or infrared

FCC licenses not requiredCustomer owns theequipment (no usage charges)

They ARE NOT:

Cellular phones/DECT

Pagers

Packet Data

Ardis

CDPD

RAM Mobile Data

PCS


5/66


Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)

Cisco Hub

Server Cisco Switch

Internet

Cisco Access PointCisco Hub

Wireless LAN (WLAN) as anextension to wired LAN

Cisco Ethernet Client


6/66


Typical LAN TopologiesTypical LAN Topologies

Access Point

Wireless Cell

Channel 6

Wireless Clients

LAN Backbone

Channel 1

Access Point

Wireless Cell

Wireless Clients


7/66


Wireless Repeater TopologyWireless Repeater Topology

Channel 1

Access Point

Wireless Clients

Channel 1

Access Point

Wireless Repeater Cell

LAN Backbone


8/66


System Redundancy TopologySystem Redundancy Topology

Wireless Clients

LAN Backbone

Channel 1 Channel 6


9/66


Peer-to-Peer Configuration

(ad hoc mode)

Wireless Clients

Wireless Cell

Modem

Alternative Peer-to-Peer TopologyAlternative Peer-to-Peer Topology


10/66


Channel SetupChannel Setup

Site Survey Channel Example

Channel 1

Channel 6

Channel 11

Channel 1

Channel 6

Channel 11

Channel 11

Channel 1

Channel 6

Channel 11


11/66


Access Point Coverage &Access Point Coverage &

Data Rate Shifting ReviewData Rate Shifting Review

1 Mbps DSSS

5.5 Mbps DSSS

11 Mbps DSSS

2 Mbps DSSS


12/66


Site Survey Bandwidth Example

Multi-rate ImplementationMulti-rate Implementation

2 Mbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps 2 Mbps


5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps

5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 5.5 Mbps




13/66


Microcellular ArchitectureMicrocellular Architecture

Internet

Roaming

Mobility Support Software

l Roaming

l Load Balancing

l Power Management

l Wireless Repeater


14/66


Common QuestionsCommon Questions

2048

Same as Ethernet seg.

3

How many?

Maximum clients per AP

Typical clients per AP

Co-located APs

500 feet

100 feet

How far (at maximum data rate)?

Outdoors

Indoors

11 MB

5.5 MB

How fast?

Maximum data rate

Typical throughput

340 SeriesQuestions


15/66

15

Wireless BridgesWireless Bridges



16/66


Bridging DefinedBridging Defined


17/66


0 to 25 miles(line of sight)

Ethernet

Bridge

OptionalAntenna

Building A Building B

OptionalAntenna

Point-to-Point ConfigurationPoint-to-Point Configuration


18/66


Ethernet

Bridge

Building B Building C

Building A

DirectionalAntenna

Omni-directional Antenna

Point-to-Point-to-MultipointMultipoint ConfigurationConfiguration


19/66


Bridge

Bridge

PCI Card

MC Hub

New Addition to the System!New Addition to the System!


20/66


Bridge Data Max. Optional Standard CableModel Rate Distance Antenna (6.7dB/100FT)

340 11Mb 11.5 Miles 21dBi Dish 50ft/side

11Mb 18 Miles 21dBi Dish 20Ft/side

5.5Mb 16 Miles 21dBi Dish 50ft/side

2Mb 25+ Miles 21dBi Dish 50ft/side

1Mb 25+ Miles 21dBi Dish 50ft/side

Products: Wireless BridgesProducts: Wireless Bridges


21/66


What Makes CiscosWhat Makes Ciscos

Bridges Best?Bridges Best?

Flexibility: point-to-pointand multipoint

Management capabilities

SNMP, telnet, FTP,

HTML802.1d spanning tree

Breadth of product line

1,2,5.5, and 11mbpsAntenna/range options

Price/performance


22/66


Optional AntennasOptional Antennas

for Long Rangefor Long Range

13.5dBi YagiDistances over

6.5miles @ 2Mbps and2miles @11Mbps

21dBi Solid DishFor distances up to

25+ miles @ 2Mbps11.5miles @ 11Mbps

Note: Distances include 50 feet of low loss cable and 10dB fade margin


23/66


340 Wireless Bridge

How Fast?

Max data rate 11Mbps 2 Mbps

Typical throughput 5.5Mbps 1.4 Mbps

How Far? (at MAX rate)

Yagi antenna 2miles 6.5 miles

Dish antenna 11.5 miles 25+ miles

Common QuestionsCommon Questions


24/66


Fixed BroadbandFixed Broadband

WirelessWireless


25/66


GPRS

AccessNetw or k

Serv iceProv ide r Cor e

Voice/ Dat aNetw or k

PSTN

I n t e rn e t

Ciscos Wireless InitiativesCiscos Wireless Initiatives

End-t o-End QOS Encrypt ion Secured VPN Real - t im e b i l l ing

End- to -end p rov is ion ing I P Unif ied com m un icat i ons

Features :Branch Of f ice

IP-VPN

IP

Ente rp r i seEn te rp r i seWi re lessWi re less

IP

Wire lessWi re lessDa taData

Wi re lessWi re lessVoiceVoice

Res ident ia lRes ident ia l

Mob i leWi re less

RF Link

IP

RF Link

Fixed Wi r e lessFix ed Wir e lessMMD S/ U- NI IMMD S/ U-N I I

AccessAccess

Netw or kNetw or k


26/66


Cisco Value PropositionCisco Value Proposition

More Coverage + More Capacity = Higher Penetration

Fewer Service Requests + Truck Rolls = Lower Churn

Cellular network deployments

Robust RF technology

Internet Access Voice VPNs

Multi-service offerings Multi-Service Platform = More Revenue per Channel


27/66


Standard I.F.

WirelessServiceModules

uBR 72xx

Cisco

2600, 3600

950

PBX

CPENetworks

End-to-End Network Management,Provisioning AND Billing

BackhaulNetwork

IPATMWDM

FR

ConsumerCPE

Unified Wireless ReferenceUnified Wireless Reference

ArchitectureArchitectureIndustry

Suppliers

IntegratedWireless MAC/PHY

Standard

FCC Compliant R.F.

Any RF band

38 GHZ38 GHZRadioRadio

LMDSLMDSRadioRadio



LMDSLMDSRadioRadio



OtherOther

SATSAT

UNIIUNIIRadioRadio

MMDSMMDSRadioRadio

UNIIUNII

RadioRadio

MMDSMMDSRadioRadio


28/66


Delivering Fixed WirelessDelivering Fixed Wireless

RF Sub-system

Cisco Built

Partner Built

3rd Party Built

End-End Services

Integrated Solution

IntegrationIntegration

RF ComponentsRF Components

PTM SystemPTM System

CPECPE


29/66


30/66


Why is BWIF important?Why is BWIF important?

Revolutionary technologyavailable for the mass market

Lowered product costs andsimplified deployment

Increased product availability Rapid time to market

Compelling end-user services and applications

BWIF members make Wireless EcosystemStronger


31/66


Activities to DateActivities to Date

First Meeting August 30, 2000

Over 60 companies Attended

Presentations from Service Provider Customers,Industry Analysts, BWIF Members, IEEE-ISTO

Public Relations Program Beginning

Technical Councils and Marketing Committeesformed

BWIF Version 1.0 VOFDM Specifications approved byboard and released to members


32/66


MultiPointMultiPoint SpectrumSpectrum

Licensed spectrum

North America: 2.5GHz, 24GHz, 28/31GHz, 38GHz

Europe: 3.5GHz, 10GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz, 41GHz

Latin America : 3.5GHz, 10GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz, 38GHz

Asia: 3.5GHz, 28GHz, local allocations, others TBD

Unlicensed spectrum

North America: 2.4 GHz (ISM), 5.7GHz (U-NII)

Europe: 2.4 GHz (ISM)

Latin America: 2.4 GHz (ISM)

Asia: 2.4 GHz (ISM)


33/66


1 GHz 2.5 3.5 5.8 10 24 26 28 38 40 60

LOSLOS

500020001350100040030020020 30

Voice,Data, Fax,

ISDN

256256 KbpsKbps

1 to 501 to 50

MbpsMbps

+ TDM

Leased Lines

Bandwidth(MHz)

1400200

100

Access Spectrum AvailabilityAccess Spectrum Availability

+ High SpeedInternet andMultimedia

+ UltraHigh-SpeedLAN/WAN

No LOSNo LOS

10 to 10010 to 100

MbpsMbps

>100>100 MbpsMbps


34/66


The Old Way:The Old Way:

MacrocellsMacrocells and LOSand LOS

Towers, zoning, installation

Spectrum is consumed for only one Macrocell Less bandwidth per subscriber

Coverage holes exist due to obstructions

Large capital outlay; requires many subscribers forROI

340272_09F9_c1 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc.


35/66


Line-of-SightLine-of-Sight

Height =D2/8 + 43.3D/4F43.3D/4F 60% first Fresnel Zone

D = Distance Between Antennas

H=

H1+H2

Earth BulgeH2=D2/8

H1 = 43.3 D/4F

M l i hM lti th Wi lWi l


36/66


MultipathMultipath WirelessWireless

CommunicationCommunication Wireless communication involves

multipath transmission

Each path has an associated delay which

causes intersymbol interference (ISI) Conventional wireless approaches

exhibit degraded performance

Other approaches designed to mitigatethe effects of multipath:

Equalization

Direct sequence spreadingComplex adaptive space-timeCoding solutions

SubscriberBaseStation

Paths


37/66


The SolutionThe Solution

Thus far, the wireless communication field hasconcentrated on mitigating multipath

Multipath actually presents a fundamentaladvantage to communication capacity

Ciscos breakthrough technology exploitsmultipath - VOFDM

High bandwidth N-LOS communication is now

possible

SubscriberBaseStation

Paths


38/66


OFDM ConceptOFDM Concept

Narrow, slower channels are free of ISI

OFDM splits data into parallel independent

narrowband channels (tones)

Exploit frequency diversity instead ofequalization

Bit error rate (BER) performance is greatlyimproved!

a

frequency

amplitude


39/66



The carriers for each channel are made

orthogonal to one another, allowing themto be spaced very close together, withoutindividual carrier guard band overhead asin FDM

AmplitudeAmplitude

FrequencyFrequency

f1f1 f2f2 f3f3 f4f4

Available BandwidthAvailable Bandwidth

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

f5f5 f6f6

AmplitudeAmplitude

FrequencyFrequencyf1f1 f2f2 f3f3 f4f4

Available BandwidthAvailable Bandwidth

Frequency Division Multiplexing


40/66



FrequencyFrequency

All other signals are zeroAll other signals are zero

The spectrum of each carrier has a null at the centerfrequency of each of the other carriers in the system


41/66


Transmit Spectrum

Receive Spectrum

Channel Training Tone

Data Tone

Frequency DiversityFrequency Diversity

Each OFDM burst carriesdata and training

Corrects for amplitude andphase shifts caused by thechannel

Reduces effect offrequency offset

OFDM, interleavingand coding

Create a robust processing

technique for multipathfading and narrow bandinterference


42/66


VOFDMVOFDM

Conventional OFDM utilizes single

transmit and receive antenna. Cisco solution combines OFDM with

spatial processing: VOFDM

(Vector Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing)

Great benefit comes from exploiting bothfrequency and spatial diversity


43/66


Receiver 1

Receiver 2

Output

Receiver AntennasSpatially Separated

Transmitter

InputCombin

er

Combin

er

Spatial DiversitySpatial Diversity

In the presence of multipath fading, two received signals will haveuncorrelated fading effects due to different path lengths

Thus, a combined received signal will have a higher SNR than anyof the individual signals

The greatest processing benefits come fromThe greatest processing benefits come from exploitingexploitingboth frequency and spatial diversityboth frequency and spatial diversity

VOFDM Wireless Technology:VOFDM Wireless Technology:


44/66


VOFDM Wireless Technology:VOFDM Wireless Technology:Open Standards Based Market EnablerOpen Standards Based Market Enabler

LargerFootprint

Spectra

lEfficie

ncy

Ease

-of-P

rovisio

ning

RobustLinks

VOFDM

SLAs

Space/Frequency

diversity increases SNRand allows operation inchannels that disablesingle carrier QAM

Improves penetrationthrough enhancedspectral efficiency andcoverage

Lowers install costs Improves robustness,BER and availability

WT 2750 WirelessWT 2750 Wireless


45/66


WT 2750 WirelessWT 2750 Wireless

Technology SuiteTechnology Suite

Point-to-point

T3/E3 wirelesssolution

uBR UniversalBroadband RouterFamily

Wireless ModemLine Card

Power Feed Panel

RF Head (ODU)


46/66

WT2700 ComponentsWT2700 Components


47/66


WT2722Wireless Transverter

UBR-WPFDPower Feed Panel

Coax/Control Cable

Lightening Protectors

-48V DC Power Supply

UBR-7246Universal Broadband Router

UBR-MCW-PDAWireless Line Card

Antenna

Cisco Product3rd Party Product

WT2700 ComponentsWT2700 Components

for P2Pfor P2P

WT-2700 Key FeaturesWT-2700 Key Features


48/66


WT 2700 Key FeaturesWT 2700 Key Features

for P2Pfor P2P IP Packet Based Solution

Up to 44.4 Mbps full-duplex throughput (12 Mhz )

Fiber quality link

> 10-11 BER for Data

Integrated to uBR 7246 and uBR 7223 Supports UNNI (5.7 GHz) ~ 20-25 miles LOS

Encryption support: 56 bit DES with RSA key

management Managed via IOS CLI and CiscoWorks

MTU SolutionMTU Solution


49/66


MTU SolutionMTU Solution

Public Internet

PSTN

Enterprise HQPoint of Presence (POP)Point of Presence (POP)

5E/4ESwitch

Network ServicesNetwork Services

Ethernet

Key PBX

Twisted Pair

Doctors Office

Export Office

uBR

Compelling Business CaseCompelling Business Case Target Office Parks, Hotels, Hospitals, Campus Amortize the capital expense across tenants

Flexible in-building distribution (wire & wireless) Provide value-added services: Internet Access,VPNs, Voice (Local & Long Distance)

Synergy Between Wireless LANSynergy Between Wireless LAN

and Wireless WAN. If Wired useand Wireless WAN. If Wired use

a Catalyst Switcha Catalyst Switch

P2P ApplicationP2P Application


50/66


P2P ApplicationP2P Application

Enterprise campusnetworks

Metropolitan areanetworks (MANs)

FiberRing

Main

Office

RemoteBuilding

BranchOffice

RemoteBuilding

P d t R dP d t R d


51/66


Product RoadmapProduct Roadmap

Functionality&Throughp

ut

Shared SMB2600/3600

MMDS,UNII

Time

SOHO/TelecommuteCisco 950

Dedicated BandwidthuBR 72xx

UNII

Residential CPEPartners

CYQ4/99CYQ4/00 MMDSCYQ1/01 U-NII CYQ2/01 CYH2/01

Point-to-point

Point-to-multi-point

RF R dRF Roadmap


52/66


RF RoadmapRF Roadmap

Functionality&Throughput

TimeCYQ4/99 CYQ4/00 CYQ2/01

Point-to-point

Point-to-multi-point

5.7GHzP2P

2.5GHzP2MP

5.7GHzP2MP

3.5/26 GHz ETSIP2MP

CYQ1/01

P2MP P d t O iP2MP Prod ct O er ie


53/66


P2MP Product OverviewP2MP Product Overview

Wireless Hub

PSTNWireless

Last MileAccess

Intranet

SMBEnterpriseMTU

H b ComponentsHub Components


54/66


Wireless Transverter

Quad Power Feed Panel


-48V DC Power Supply

UBR-7246Universal Broadband Router

Wireless Line Card

Antenna

Cisco Product

3rd Party Product

Hub ComponentsHub Components

SU ComponentsSU Components


55/66


Polyphaser Power Injecter


-48V/+24V DC Power Supply

Cisco 2600/3600 router

Wireless Line Card

Integrated Antenna/ODU

Cisco Product

3rd Party Product

SU ComponentsSU Components

P i T M l i i


56/66


Point To Multi-pointPoint To Multi-point

R/F

22/18 Mbps throughput overobstructed links

DOCSIS 1.1 QoS

VOFDM Advanced Phy applicable

MMDSUNIIOther Bands

R/F

R/F

R/F

R/F

ODU

Protocol ArchitectureProtocol Architecture


57/66


Protocol ArchitectureProtocol Architecture

uBRuBR

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

MACMAC

NETWORKNETWORK

IP Architecture

(2600/3600)(950/2600/3600)(950/2600/3600)

VOFDMVOFDM

DOCSISDOCSIS

IPIP

2.5, 3.5, 5.7 GHz2.5, 3.5, 5.7 GHz

Key FeaturesKey Features


58/66


Key FeaturesKey Features

IP Packet Based Solution with DOCSIS 1.1 support

Up to 22.2 Mbps DS throughput/18 Mbps US shared

~ 25-30 Miles in connection distance ( MMDS) LOS

~6 miles in connection distance (U-NII) LOS

Fiber quality link> 10-11 BER for Data

Integrated Cisco routing solutions

Encryption support: 56 bit DES with RSA keymanagement

Managed via IOS CLI and CiscoWorks

Cellular Network Deployment =Cellular Network Deployment =


59/66


Bandwidth & ScalabilityBandwidth & Scalability

Frequency re-use

Sector

Demand dictated cells and cell sizeDemand dictated cells and cell size

Head-End - 1

Cell

Service Target Area

Head-End - N

How Many Subscribers Can IHow Many Subscribers Can I


60/66


eg 5 mile cell radius

3 sectors

Support?Support?

Target Market Density

Penetration Rate

Data Rate RequirementsBusy Hour Traffic

Active Online User Rate

Frequency Re-Use Plan

Number of sectors

Bandwidth/sector Over-subscription Rate

It Depends!It Depends!

Currently Each LineCard can support 1,000 SUsBut the above questions need to be answered

Typical Network ArchitectureTypical Network Architecture


61/66


Public Internet

PSTN

Enterprise HQ

Cisco uBR 7223/7246

PBX

Cisco 2600/3600

Cisco 950W

PBX

Cisco 950W

Cell Site 1Cell Site 1

Cell Site 2Cell Site 2

Point of Presence (POP)Point of Presence (POP)

Network ServicesNetwork Services

5E/4ESwitch

Cisco GSR

Cisco 6400

IP, ATM, FR (DS-3, OC-3) MPLS

ATM Core IP Core

MPLS Core

FR CoreCisco uBR 7223/7246

Cisco 2600/3600

Head-EndHead-End

VPN ServicesVPN Services


62/66


VPN ServicesVPN Services

Cisco

2600/3600

Cisco2600/3600

Mobil RO

Remote Plant

Supply-ChainPartner

Enterprise A HQ

Firewall NAT

Frame Relay MPLS

Telecommuter

GRE, IPSec

Frame Relay GRE, IPSec

Enterprise A VPNEnterprise A VPN

CiscouBR 7223/7246

Cisco 950

Seamless Extension of VPNs over BBFWSeamless Extension of VPNs over BBFW

CPE and Network Based VPNsCPE and Network Based VPNs

End-to-End Security and EncryptionEnd-to-End Security and Encryption

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for PerformanceService Level Agreements (SLAs) for PerformanceGuaranteesGuarantees

Broadband Fixed WirelessBroadband Fixed Wireless


63/66


Point-to-Multipoint

Wireless Links

Hub

Today and TomorrowToday and Tomorrow

Fiber Node

Service Provider

Fiber Backend

ILEC/CAP

PTP or PTMPPrivate Campusor Metro WAN

Point-to-pointWireless Linksup to 44Mbps

PBX

MediumBusiness

KTS

SmallBusiness

MDU/MTU

Residential

SOHO

Cisco Fixed Wireless SystemsCisco Fixed Wireless Systems


64/66


Cisco Fixed Wireless SystemsCisco Fixed Wireless Systems

Industrys First Service Provider Class Solution for Fixed Wireless

Leverages Industry Leading UBR72XX and 26XX/36XX Modular Access Routers

Leverages Cisco IOS for an Integrated End-End IP Solution with QOS & Security

Leverages Industry proven DOCSIS Protocol with MultiPoint Product

Revolutionary VOFDM technology for Fiber Quality BER with or w/o LOS

Commited to BBWIF Standards Initiatives

Make Sure You are Comparing Apples to ApplesRemember: Its an IP based Cisco end-end solution

The Cisco Wireless AdvantageThe Cisco Wireless Advantage


65/66


g

Integrated Cisco End-to-End network

one box, one CLI, one management and provisioning system

Fixed wireless is just another wire to deliverdifferentiated services with wireline availability andperformance

Multi-path centric technology

No requirement for large towers and LOS

Enables a microcellular approach for efficient use of spectrum

Ease of deployment - Lower cost of deployment

Robust technologyantenna and repeater diversityRobust technologyantenna and repeater diversity

Lower equipment cost per megabit

Technology scales with high bandwidth


66/66


eBook - (Cisco) Wireless Network Solutions

Documents

Transcript of eBook - (Cisco) Wireless Network Solutions