EBN Individual Final

8/8/2019 EBN Individual Final

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Gabriel TolentinoBSN135- grp 139

Anger in Early Adolescent Boys and Girls with

Health ManifestationsI. Clinical Question

Which among the five variables of anger(sate anger, trait anger, anger-in, anger out and anger control) is inversely related to current health, clinical health andeudaimonistic health of 148 seventh and eight graders, ages 12 to 14 of early adolescentwith 67 boys and 81 girls.

II. Citation

Title: Anger in Early Adolescent Boys and Girls with Health Manifestations

Author: Adela Yarcheski, Noreen E. Mahon, Thomas J. Yarcheski

APA Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N. E., & Yarcheski, T. J. (2002). An empirical testof alternate theories of anger in early adolescents. Nursing Research , vol. 51, 229-235.

III.Study Characteristics

Population and Sample

The chronological ages 12 to 14 years represented early adolescence in this study participating a 148 seventh and eight graders, ages 12 to 14 years; 81 were girls and 67were boys. About 85% were white; and the remaining 15% were African-American,Latino, or Asian-American.

Comparison

This study compared differences in five anger variables between boys and girls,and examined relationships between the anger variables and health variables for boys andgirls separately. By which this study further discussed the different anger variables andhow it can be related to our current and eudaimonistic health considering both sexes. Andwhich sex is more vulnerable to health problems associated with anger.

Outcomes Monitored:

After approval for the study was granted by the researchers universityInstitutional Review board, access was gained to an urban middle school located in a


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lower to middle class community. Prior to conducting the study, the principal and seventhand eight grade teachers reviewed the instrument packets. All agreed that the content andthe reading levels of the instrument were appropriate for seventh and eight graders.

One week prior to testing, all seventh and eight grade students received an

envelope containing an explanation about the study and consent form to bring home to parents. On the testing date one week later, students who had parental consent and gaveinformed consent as well participated in the study, which took place in classrooms. Thestudents took approximately 20 to 30 minutes to complete the instrument packets whichincluded a demographic data sheet.

IV. Methodology/Design

Methodology used

The chronological ages 12 to 14 years represented early adolescence in this studyas suggested by Elliott Feldman (1990). The final sample of convenience consisted of 148 seventh and eight graders, ages 12 to 14 years; 81 were girls and 67 were boys.About 85% were white; and the remaining 15% were African-American, Latino, or Asian-American. A sample size of 148 subjects was deemed adequate given the number of variables in the structural equation model tested in the present study.

Instruments

The State Anger and Trait Scales of the State-Trait Expression Inventory(STAXI) were used to measure the experience and the expression of anger. The STAXI

consists of 44 items; the experience of anger is measured by the 20 items on the state andtrait anger scales. State anger is measured by 10 items with a 4-point summated ratingscale that assess the intensity of anger, or how angry one is feeling right now. Trait anger is measured by 10 items with a 4-point summated rating scale that assess the frequency of anger, or how angry one generally feels. The expression scale has 24 items with a 4-pointsummated rating scale, which assesses angry feelings.

The general Health rating Index (GHRI) is a 22-item, 5-point, summated ratingscale that measures perceived health status. In this study the current health subscale,which consists of 9 items, was used to measure current health; scores can range from 9 to

45. Higher scores indicate a more positive perception of current health status.

The clinical conception (CHC) and the Eudaimonistic Health conception (EHC)substance are two of four substance on the Laffrey health conception scale (LHCS). Eachsubscale consists of 7 items scored on a Likert-type format ranging from stronglydisagree (1) to strongly agree (6). Scores can range from 7 to 42 with higher scoresindicating a stronger clinical health conception and/or a eudaimonistic health conception.


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Design

Variable- testing study with a complete correlational design.

The hypothesis predicted in the present study were supported in that allindependent variables were statistically, significantly correlated to the different variablesof anger. Descriptive statistics are presented; correlations and variance-covariancematrices obtained among the five anger variables in the sample of boys and girls are

presented. The variance-covariance matrices were used to examine whether differences inthe experience of anger and expression of anger existed between boys and girls.

Setting

The study was conducted in an urban middle school located in a lower to middleclass community.

Data Source

Primary data sources: 148 seventh and eight graders in early adolescent (12 to 14years) who answered questionnaires that were measured by the given instrument packetswhich include a demographic data sheet.

Study Selection

Inclusion criteria: Adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years participated randomlyselected from the seventh and eighth grade that had parental consent and informedconsent and valid answer.

Exclusion criteria: Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and above who do not have parental consent and informed consent and who had invalid answer in the questionnaire.In addition, all developmental stages above or below the aforementioned developmentalstage.

Has the study been replicated?

The researchers said that the extent to which the health of early adolescents iscompromised over time in relation to various types of anger needs to be studied usinglongitudinal designs, whereby health outcomes in relation to anger are studied in boysand girls separately across adolescence and into adulthood. Much has yet to be learnedabout anger in adolescents, especially in terms of the impact of anger in their health andwellbeing.


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What were the risks and benefits of the nursing action/intervention tested in thestudy?

The risks of the nursing action/intervention are not clearly stated in the study. Butthe benefits of the nursing action/intervention tested in the study is the expression of anger is still considered masculine in men and unfeminine in women thus futureassessment regarding anger in early adolescent in both sexes can help the nursingintervention improved.

V. Result of the study

Descriptive statistics are presented in Table no. 1 correlations and variancecovariance matrices obtained among the five anger variables in the samples of boys andgirls are presented in Table no. 2. The variance-covariance matrices (hereafter referred toas covariance matrices) were used to examine whether differences in the experience of anger (state anger and trait anger) and expression of anger existed between boys andgirls.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for the study variables for boys and girls

Variable Mean (SD) Range

State anger

BoysGirls

18.6715.37

(10.53)(8.44)

10-4010-40

Trait angerBoysGirls

22.2022.62

(8.34)(7.19)

10-4011-37

Anger-in

BoysGirls

16.5517.27

(4.82)(5.25)

8-288-32

Anger-out

BoysGirls

18.7318.89

(5.38)(5.39)

2-298-31

Anger control

BoysGirls

19.5719.89

(5.28)(5.17)

10-328-32

Current health

BoysGirls

33.8931.68

(8.17)(7.30)

9-4513-45

Clinical Health


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BoysGirls

28.7427.52

(7.86)(6.88)

9-427-42

Eudaimonistic health

BoysGirls

31.4329.43

(7.12)(8.28)

15-427-42

Table 2. correlations*, Variance+, and covariance** matrices for anger variables for boys(N=67) and girls (N=81) in Descending orderVariable State anger Trait anger Anger-in Anger-out Anger

controlState anger 110.95

71.290.17ll0.59

0.49ll0.46ll

0.47ll0.52ll

-.38ll-.35ll

Trait anger 63.0735.82

69.4851.69

0.64ll0.60ll

0.57ll0.73ll

-.37ll-.46ll

Anger-in 24.7320.16

25.5922.46

23.2527.51

0.49ll0.38ll

-.22ll-.34ll

Anger-out 26.7123.82

25.4028.11

12.7710.72

28.9629.05

-.36ll-.52ll

Angercontrol

-21.39-15.15

-16.16-16.93

-5.55-9.21

-10.33-14.56

27.9226.73

*Correlation are in upper right half of the matrix+Variances are in the diagonal**Co variances are in the lower half of the matrixll


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BoysGirls

.54*

.20.33.11

.42*

.05For boys and girls, state anger was inversely related to their current health and

eudaimonistic health; state anger also was inversely related to clinical health for girls. For girls both trait anger and anger-in were related inversely to their current health and their

eudaimonistic health. For boys anger-out was inversely related to current health, whileanger control was positively related to their current health and eudaimonistic health.

VI. AUTHORS CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS

Much has been written in the literature about the health consequences of anger, but this is the first study to examine relationships between anger and health variables inearly adolescent boys and girls separately. There are different angers involving different

processes and that these different angers have different consequences to our mental and physical health, which was assessed by current health status in this study. For both boysand girls, current health was inversely related to state anger and correlations weremoderately strong.

Several theories have linked anger to psychosomatic disorders and bodilysymptoms. In the present study, the anger variables also were examined in relation toclinical health, defined as the degree of symptoms experienced in adolescent boys andgirls.

The only statistically significant correlation found was the inverse one betweenstate anger and clinical health in girls, meaning the higher their state anger, the moresymptoms they reported. This finding is consistent with the one reported by Mahon et al.(2000) whereby state anger and symptom patterns were positively related in 141 earlyadolescent. Overall, the anger variables did not perform in meaningful ways with theclinical health conception scale, which suggests that the scale may not be sensitive to thewide array of physiological and physical symptomology that might be experienced inrelation to anger.

VII. Applicability

The study directly answered the clinical question about the different anger variables affect the health of the early adolescent. It was supported by the differentstatistics that shows how the intervention or the study related to current health,eudaimonistic health and the clinical health. Findings in this study indicate earlyadolescent boys and girls do differ in health outcomes in relation to different types of anger, and it is clear that anger takes its toll on the health of both.

It is feasible to carry out nursing intervention in the real world for the reason thatanger is an emotion that can directly affect an individuals health. As shown in the studyanger can result in a lot of things and that different angers involves different processesand that these different angers have different consequences to our mental and physicalhealth. Anger is an emotion that is considered to be a manifestation of various emotional,

psychological, and physiological disorders that may lead to disorientation and injury.Early prevention and understanding of this kind of emotion can also prevent further


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complications.

VIII. Reviewers Conclusion/Commentary

This study is very significant to each and everyone because we all feel anger attimes thus it tells us that anger can affect directly our physical, mental and physiologicalhealth. And that it only varies on how we manage our anger whether youre a boy or agirl. This study is able to show that sex of an individual has an effect on how the

particular individual can actually handle an angry feeling and how to react on it. Thisstudy shows that sex has a factor on how an individual can manage or react to an angryfeeling and that the health problems of it are also different. As different health related

problems associated with different variables of anger different intervention should bedone. Adolescent boys and girls as said in the study can learn to modify their expressionand experience of anger as they advanced developmentally. However, only longitudinalresearch can determine changes that might occur in the experience and expression of anger, measured by the STAXI, for boys and girls from early to middle to late adolescent.As this need to have a further study for it to be more accurate and also should be done insome part of the world like Philippines in particular, so we could know if this study alsohas a great impact here in our country.

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