EBB113 METALS ALLOYS. Metal Alloys Ferrous SteelCast Iron Low AlloyHigh Alloy Non Ferrous Fe 3 C...
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Transcript of EBB113 METALS ALLOYS. Metal Alloys Ferrous SteelCast Iron Low AlloyHigh Alloy Non Ferrous Fe 3 C...
EBB113EBB113METALS ALLOYS
Metal AlloysMetal Alloys
Ferrous
Steel Cast Iron
Low Alloy High Alloy
Non Ferrous
Fe3C
cementite
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
4000 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.7
L
austenite
+L
+Fe3Cferrite
+Fe3C
+
L+Fe3C
(Fe) Co , wt% C
Eutectic:
Eutectoid:0.76
4.30
727°C
1148°C
T(°C)
Cu
Mg
Al
Ti
SteelsSteelsLow Alloy High Alloy
low carbon <0.25 wt% C
Med carbon0.25-0.6 wt% C
high carbon 0.6-1.4 wt% C
Uses auto struc. sheet
bridges towers press. vessels
crank shafts bolts hammers blades
pistons gears wear applic.
wear applic.
drills saws dies
high T applic. turbines furnaces V. corros. resistant
Example 1010 4310 1040 4340 1095 4190 304
Additions noneCr,V Ni, Mo
noneCr, Ni Mo
noneCr, V, Mo, W
Cr, Ni, Mo
plain HSLA plainheat
treatableplain tool
austenitic stainless
Name
Hardenability 0 + + ++ ++ +++ 0TS - 0 + ++ + ++ 0EL + + 0 - - -- ++
increasing strength, cost, decreasing ductility
•Steels are iron-carbon alloys•Mechanical properties are a function of carbon content and other alloying elements
+ satisfactory, ++good, +++ very good
Low Carbon SteelLow Carbon Steel
Alloys of low carbon steel being produced in the Alloys of low carbon steel being produced in the greatest quantitygreatest quantity
< 0.25wt %C< 0.25wt %C Consists of ferrites and pearlites hence soft and weak Consists of ferrites and pearlites hence soft and weak
but can be treated to achieve high strength but can be treated to achieve high strength Machinable, weldable and cheaper to be producedMachinable, weldable and cheaper to be produced Types: Types:
– i. i. plain low carbon steel -plain low carbon steel - no alloying, variable no alloying, variable tensile strength (TS) (415-550MPa and Yield Strength tensile strength (TS) (415-550MPa and Yield Strength (YS)= 275MPa(YS)= 275MPa
Applications – crankshafts, bolts, hammers, hand Applications – crankshafts, bolts, hammers, hand tools, gears, knivestools, gears, knives
– ii. ii. High strength low alloy (HSLA) –High strength low alloy (HSLA) – with alloying, with alloying, higher TS and YShigher TS and YS
Applications – automobiles opines, nails, wire, pipe Applications – automobiles opines, nails, wire, pipe structural and sheet steel, railway carsstructural and sheet steel, railway cars
Medium Carbon SteelMedium Carbon Steel
0.25 – 0.6 wt %C0.25 – 0.6 wt %C Heat treated to achieve good mechanical Heat treated to achieve good mechanical
propertiesproperties Used in tampered condition (tampered martinsitic)Used in tampered condition (tampered martinsitic) Strength -ductility combination can be tailored by Strength -ductility combination can be tailored by
heat treatment and alloying (with Ni, Cr and Mo)heat treatment and alloying (with Ni, Cr and Mo) Applications: high strength structural components Applications: high strength structural components
– railway wheels, tracks, crankshafts– railway wheels, tracks, crankshafts
High Carbon SteelHigh Carbon Steel
0.6 – 1.4 wt %C0.6 – 1.4 wt %C Hardest, strongest and least ductile carbon Hardest, strongest and least ductile carbon
steelsteel Used in harden and tempered conditionsUsed in harden and tempered conditions Can be alloyed with carbon and other Can be alloyed with carbon and other
metals to form vary hard and wear metals to form vary hard and wear resistance material (e.g. C, Cr, Ni, W, Mo resistance material (e.g. C, Cr, Ni, W, Mo and V)and V)
Applications: cutting tools, drills, saws, Applications: cutting tools, drills, saws, embossing dies, cutlery, paper cutters, embossing dies, cutlery, paper cutters, concrete drill, blacksmith toolsconcrete drill, blacksmith tools
Stainless-SteelsStainless-Steels
Highly resistance alloy to corrosion Highly resistance alloy to corrosion (rusting) in a variety of environment. (rusting) in a variety of environment. Mechanical integrity maintains. Mechanical integrity maintains.
Consisting of iron-carbon and Consisting of iron-carbon and chromium (> 11 wt% Cr needed)chromium (> 11 wt% Cr needed)
Add nickel and molybdenum as wellAdd nickel and molybdenum as well Example 0.08 C, 11.0 Cr, 1.Mn, 0.50 Example 0.08 C, 11.0 Cr, 1.Mn, 0.50
Ni, 0.75 Ti : S40900Ni, 0.75 Ti : S40900 Examples of use of stainless-steel:Examples of use of stainless-steel:
Cast IronsCast Irons
3.0 – 4.5wt % C Liquid at 1150 – 1300oC Easily melted and amenable
to casting
Cast IronsCast Irons
Gray ironGray iron graphite flakesgraphite flakes weak & brittle under tensionweak & brittle under tension stronger under compressionstronger under compression excellent vibrational excellent vibrational
dampeningdampening wear resistantwear resistant
Ductile ironDuctile iron add Mg or Ceadd Mg or Ce graphite in nodules not graphite in nodules not
flakesflakes matrix often pearlite - better matrix often pearlite - better
ductilityductility
True & False (on True & False (on Ferrous Metals)Ferrous Metals)
1.1. Stainless steel consists of iron-carbon and chromiumStainless steel consists of iron-carbon and chromium2.2. Low carbon steel is characterized by high hardness Low carbon steel is characterized by high hardness 3.3. Medium carbon steel is often applied for high Medium carbon steel is often applied for high
strength structural components strength structural components 4.4. Higher carbon steel is weak and ductile Higher carbon steel is weak and ductile 5.5. Due to its high hardness, high carbon steel can be Due to its high hardness, high carbon steel can be
used to make concrete drill, blacksmith tools used to make concrete drill, blacksmith tools 6.6. Cast irons are Cast irons are difficult to be melted
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ACTIVITY (1)
ANSWERSANSWERS
1.1. Stainless steel consists of iron-carbon and chromium Stainless steel consists of iron-carbon and chromium - - TT
2.2. Low carbon steel is characterized by high hardness Low carbon steel is characterized by high hardness - F- F
3.3. Medium carbon Medium carbon steelsteel is often applied for high is often applied for high strength structural components strength structural components
4.4. Higher carbon steel is weak and ductile - FHigher carbon steel is weak and ductile - F5.5. Cast Cast ironirons are s are easier to be melted
Make a mind Make a mind map: ferrous map: ferrous
and non-ferrous and non-ferrous metalmetal
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Discussion (1):
Discussion (2):Discussion (2):Limitations of Ferrous Alloys. Limitations of Ferrous Alloys. Discuss the statements below:Discuss the statements below:
1)Relatively high density2)Relatively low conductivity3)Poor corrosion resistance
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