Easy to swallow wireless telemetry ppt

Seminar on Advanced Topics(SE801)

Easy-to-Swallow Wireless Telemetry

Sriraksha B S 4MC10EC082Dept. of ECEMCE, Hassan

Seminar/Project Co-ordinators

1. Dr.B.R.Sujatha2. Mr.D.S.Keerthi

Contents Introduction Wireless Telemetry Methods Used in

Electronic Pills Hardware Design for Electronic Pills Batteryless Electronic Pills High-Speed Wideband Technology for

Electronic Pills Future Developments Conclusion

Easy-to-Swallow Wireless Telemetry

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Introduction

Development of biomedical technologies is an urgent necessity to improve diagnostic services.

Electronic pill technology is a more recent development.

A small miniaturized electronic pill can reach all areas such as small intestine.

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Fig: A wireless endoscope monitoring system

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Fig: (a) An electronic pill inside the human body and (b) an antenna in the dissipative medium.


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Movement Of Capsule Through The Digestive System

DATA RECORDER

COMPUTER

Data Acquisition & Storage Of Data On Computer

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Earlier design was based on narrow-band transmission.

Frequency used was ultra-high-frequency around 400MHz.

Current technology uses the Zarlink’s frequency in MICS band (402-405 MHZ).


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Recent technology have enabled the design of small-size cameras and batteries.

It is important to select the right transmission frequency band for wireless pill.

Unlicensed ISM and MICS bands are often used for wireless pills.


Wireless Telemetry Methods Used InElectronic Pill

Fig: An MICS antenna designed for biological tissues


Fig: Available unlicensed wireless frequencies

UWB can also be used for electronic pills.

UWB and MICS bands will provide the most suitable telemetry design.

Fig: Capsule shape UWB antennas


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Fig: Comparison of implanted/ingested antennas


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Fourier series expansion of UWB signal is given by,

Specific Absorption Rates (SAR


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Fig: A UWB antenna coupling through meat Fig: Measurement results for a capsule-shaped UWB antenna.


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Fig: Physical shapes for electronic pills with possible locations of antenna.


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Hardware designs for Electronic Pills

E-pill uses a transmitter circuit based on RF Colpitts oscillator

The operation frequency of these transmitters is established by the frequency selection filter consisting of L1, C1, and C2 as

Inductors and capacitors will have tolerance variations that will result in potential offsets

One way to overcome this issue is to use a crystal to maintain the oscillator frequency

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Fig: E-pill transmitters based on RF Colpitts oscillator : (a) a common collector Colpitts oscillator. (b) a common base Colpitts oscillator with crystal


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Lack of multiuser capability

A pseudo noise (PN) code for identification so that the receiving device can identify the individual electronic pill.

Requires a receiver and a microcontroller to provide bidirectional communication

Fig: Advanced hardware design for an electronic pill


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An electronic pill is similar to a wireless sensor nodes.

Commonly used wireless sensor platforms are Mica2DOT and T-node.

Fig: 3 Commercial sensor node examples :(a) a Mica2DOT board and (b) a T-node sensor node


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Fig: Various hardware sensor nodes configurations


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Battery less electronic pills

Life time provided by the battery may not satisfy.

Current electronic pills have limited operational time.

Average Current Consumption

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One way to enhance this operational lifetime is to charge the battery wirelessly.

Batteryless pills operate based on passive telemetry

Desired Battery Life


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High Speed wideband Technology for electronic pills

Detailed images with higher-resolution cameras may be required.

A wideband radio link is desired for the high capacity data transfer and, therefore, improved image resolution.

A transmitter with 1.2GHz carrier and 20MHz BW

New unlicensed UWB band 3.1-10.6 GHz

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ADVANTAGES

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High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life time.

Physical size is extremely small.

Simplicity of the transmitter design.

Less transmission length and hence has zero noise interference.

Power consumption is very less.


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DISADVANTAGES

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Pills are expensive and are not available in many countries.

Still its size is not digestible to small babies.

Complex hardware design for Multi access capability.

EM interference limits the use of wireless.


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Future developments Multi-access communication technique

Wireless power

The need of a high frequency link

Small size antennas

The external unit

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Fig: Basic building blocks of a potential electronic pill medical system for the future.


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Conclusion The systems proposed and commercialized for electronic pills are reviewed

Current designs show the technology is still in its infancy, mainly due to the small size requirement

A high-capacity radio system is currently necessary for electronic pill technology

A wideband electronic pill can transmit raw video data without any compression,


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[1] J. O. Sines, “Permanent implants for heart rate and body temperature recording in the rat,” AMA Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, vol. 2 no. 2,pp. 182–183, 1960.

[2] R. S. Mackay, “Radio telemetering from within the human body,”Science, vol. 134, pp. 1196–1202, 1961.

[3] C. McCaffrey, O. Chevalerias, C. O’Mathuna, and K.Twomey,“Swallowable-capsule technology,” Pervas.Comput., vol. 7, pp.23–29, Jan.–Mar., 2008.

[4] R. S. Mackay and B. Jacobson, “Endoradiosonde,” Nature, vol. 179,pp. 1239–1240, June 1957.

[5] J. T. Farrar, V. K. Zworykin, and J. Baum, “Pressure sensitive telemetering capsule for study of gastrointestinal motility,” Science,vol. 126, no. 3280, pp. 975–976, Nov. 1957.

[6] G. Meron, “The development of the swallowable video capsule(M2A),”Gastrointest. Endosc., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 817–8199, 2000.

References

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Easy to swallow wireless telemetry ppt

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