The major political development in East Timor in2015 was a change in leadership. The former EastTimorese independence fighter Xanana Gusmão,

who had been prime minister of the country since 2007,stepped down from that post in February and was suc-ceeded by Rui Maria de Araújo. Gusmão remained in thegovernment as minister for planning and strategic invest-ment. East Timor’s economy was projected to grow by6.2% in 2015, down from about 7.1% the previous year.The country continued to wait for word that it had beenaccepted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN); it had applied for membership in the organi-zation in 2011.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2013): 34.9 (world avg. 19.5).Death rate per 1,000 population (2013): 6.3 (world avg. 8.1).Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (2013): 28.6 (world avg. 11.4).Life expectancy at birth (2013): male 65.6 years; female 68.7 years.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 1,245,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi215.6, persons per sq km 83.3.

Sex distribution (2013): male 50.25%;female 49.75%.

Population projection: (2020)1,399,000; (2030) 1,708,000.

Major urban areas (2010): Dili192,652; Baucau 20,852; Maliana16,688; Los Palos (Lospalos) 12,946;Same 11,504.

Urban-rural (2014):

East Timor (Timor-Leste1)

Official name: República Democráticade Timor-Leste (Portuguese);Repúblika Demokrátika Timor-Leste(Tetum) (Democratic Republic ofTimor-Leste [East Timor]).

Form of government: republic with onelegislative house (National Parliament[65]).

Head of state: President Taur MatanRuak.

Head of government: Prime Minister RuiMaria de Araújo.

Capital: Dili.Official languages: Portuguese; Tetum.2Official religion: none.Monetary unit: dollar (U.S.$); valuation

(Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = £0.65.

Ethnic composition (1999):

Age breakdown (2013):Religious affiliation (2010):

Area and population area population

2010Districts Capitals sq mi sq km census

Aileu Aileu 261 676 44,325Ainaro Ainaro 336 870 59,175Ambeno (Oecussi) exclave Pante Macassar 315 817 64,025

Baucau (Baukau) Baucau 582 1,508 111,694Bobonaro Maliana 533 1,381 92,049Covalima Suai 466 1,207 59,455Dili Dili 142 368 234,026Ermera Ermera 298 771 117,064Lautem Los Palos 701 1,813 59,787Liquiça Liquiça 212 551 63,403Manatuto Manatuto 690 1,786 42,742Manufahi Same 512 1,327 48,628Viqueque Viqueque 725 1,880 70,036TOTAL 5,773 14,9544 1,066,409

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National economyBudget (2010). Revenue: U.S.$907,305,000 (nontax revenue including

transfers from petroleum fund 94.4%, tax revenue5.6%). Expenditures: U.S.$330,330,000 (economic affairs31.9%, general public services 24.6%, social protection19.0%, education 9.2%, public safety 5.6%, health 4.6%,defense 3.9%).

Public debt (external, outstanding): n.a.Population economically active (2010): total 347,385; par-ticipation rates: age 10 and over, male 72.8%; female36.3%; unemployed 9.8%, of which youth (ages 15–29)19.3%.

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2013): corn (maize) 101,000, rice 87,000,cassava 26,500, sweet potatoes 12,000, dry beans

10,500, coconuts 10,000, coffee 9,0009, mangoes, mangosteens, andguavas 8,0009, peanuts (groundnuts) 4,350, avocados 4,2509, papayas2,6009, garlic 7009, cinnamon 1089; livestock (number of live animals)360,000 pigs, 160,000 cattle, 153,000 goats, 112,000 buffalo, 20,000 bee-hives; roundwood 110,395 cu m, of which fuelwood 100%; sandal-wood exports were formerly more significant; fisheries production(2012) 3,256 (from aquaculture 2%); aquatic plants production (2012)1,500 (from aquaculture 100%). Mining and quarrying (2006): com-mercial quantities of marble are exported. Manufacturing (2010):principally the production of textiles, garments, handicrafts, bottledwater, and processed coffee. Energy production (consumption): elec-tricity (kW-hr; 2013) 322,000,000 (98,000,000), by source, n.a.; coal,none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 2011) 35,000,000 (none);petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) n.a. (60,000); natural gas, n.a.

Average household size (2010): 5.8.Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$3,783,000,000 (U.S.$3,120 percapita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$5,680).

Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops or left fal-low 7.1%, in permanent crops 4.0%, in pasture 10.1%, forest area50.7%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):

1,330 (army 94.0%, coastal patrol 6.0%).Military expenditure as percentage of GDP(2014): 1.6%; per capita expenditureU.S.$58.

Foreign trade10

Imports (2014): U.S.$1,287,000,000 (mineral fuels,oils, and waxes 12.4%, road vehicles and partsthereof 5.8%, machinery and parts thereof 2.5%,cereals 2.5%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013)11: U.S.$53,278,000 (coffee 29.6%,other domestic exports 0.5%, reexports 69.9%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads: none. Roads (2005):total length 3,107 mi, 5,000 km (paved50%). Vehicles (2008)12: pas-senger cars 1,159; trucks andbuses 457.

Education and healthLiteracy (2010): percentage of population age15 and over literate 58.3%; males literate63.6%; females literate 53.0%.

Health: physicians (2012) 343 (1 per 3,334 per-sons); hospital beds (2010) 6,417 (1 per 169persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 livebirths (2013) 40.1; undernourished population(2006–08) 300,000 (31% of total populationbased on the consumption of a minimum dailyrequirement of 1,700 calories).

1Timor-Leste is the preferred short-form name per the United Nations. 2Indonesian and English are“working” languages. 3Nearly all Indonesian and particularly West Timorese. 4Detail does not add tototal given because of rounding. 5Most Protestants and Muslims left East Timor after 1999. 6Some ves-tiges of traditional beliefs are also practiced in conjunction with Roman Catholicism. 7Includes extrac-tion of crude petroleum and natural gas. 8Taxes less subsidies on products. 92012. 10Imports c.i.f.;exports f.o.b. 11Excludes oil and gas and reexports. 12Registered vehicles only. 13Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Central Bank of Timor-Leste https://www.bancocentral.tl/en• General Directorate of Statistics www.statistics.gov.tl

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2010 2003

in value % of total labour % of labourU.S.$’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 187.5 4.5 340,000 81.3Mining and quarrying 3,265.17 79.17

Manufacturing 27.0 0.7Public utilities … …Construction 64.1 1.6Transp. and commun. 255.6 6.2 78,000 18.7Trade, hotelsFinance, real estate 116.2 2.8Services 30.9 0.7Pub. admin., defense 187.8 4.5Other –3.88 –0.18

TOTAL 4,130.54 100.0 418,000 100.0

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Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 67713 58713

Landline 2014 3.0 2.6

Internet users 2014 … …Broadband 2014 0.813 0.813

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