Quiz

Wildlife

Swallows, Swifts and Martins Pages 4 and 5

Butterflies

East Lothian Council Countryside Rangers May 2020

Heavens above

East Lothian quiz

Swallows, Swifts and Martins

Heaven’s Above – Comets

Butterflies

Confusion corner, periwinkle

Educational and Activity Resources

Keep the vampires at bay! Garlic and leeks

Gardening for wildlifes

East Lothian quiz answers - no peeking

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Welcome to the 45th Edition of‘Mud in Your Eye’

We’d love to hear from you!Email: ranger@eastlothian.gov.ukor follow us...

@ELCrangers

East Lothian CountrysideRanger Service

Published by East Lothian Council’sCountryside Rangers

Mud In Your Eye - May '20

Editorial – Covid 19 lockdownIt’s not often that we resort to newspaper style editorials in thismagazine, but as I write this, we are in the middle of the Covid 19lockdown. The advice is to stay at home, take your one daily exerciselocally and don’t attempt to drive to countryside sites.

As a result, this publication takes on a slightly different feel thanusual, with no events to advertise, no volunteer updates and no ‘outand about’ section. It will also be in electronic form only.

We do hope, however, that the articles we have produced areentertaining as well as informative. We have included a list of on-lineresources and educational material that you can use at home, achance to join in with a garden bioblitz and even a short East Lothiangeography/history quiz for you to have a go at over your morningcoffee break.

3Quiz

East Lothian Geography Quiz

1. Which East Lothian place has the same name as a character from Trainspotting?

2. Which British Prime Minister was born in Whittingehame House

3. A declaration bearing his name was a statement made to the UK Government in1917. What was it in support of?

4. The Rev John Witherspoon was born in which East Lothian village?

5. He is famous in the USA for being one of the 12 signatories to what?

6. What age was John Muir when he left Dunbar with his family to live in the USA?

7. How long did the battle of Prestonpans last? 20minutes; 2 hours or 6 hours?

8. What is the highest point in East Lothian?

9. Which island is said to be the inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson’s TreasureIsland?

10. In what other of his novels is it mentioned?

11. Which prog rock band also mention the island in the lyrics of their song ‘Warm,Wet Circles’?

12. Can you find the following sites in East Lothian?

A) A small hill with the same name as the composer of the hymn ‘Hark The Glad Sound’

B) A farm with the same name as a middle-east city

C) A village that translates as ‘Church at the head of the wood’.

Answers can be found on back page

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Which of the following birds is the odd one out?Blackbird, Swallow, Swift, House Martin, Sand Martin. The answer, perhaps surprisingly, is swift. The others are all related, being part of thePasseriformes, or Perching Birds, whereas the swift is unrelated, and is part of a smallgroup known as the Apodiformes, which roughly translates as ‘legless’, a reference tothe swifts short stubby legs.

Wildlife

Swallows, Swifts and Martins

Despite this, the swift shares one or twocharacteristics with swallows and martins,including wings adapted for acrobatic flightand hunting for small insects on the wing.This is often referred to as convergentevolution, and explains how often unrelatedspecies can become adapted to exploitsimilar environmental niches.All species are migratory, making journeysof thousands of miles from Africa, to spendthe summer here. The insects that theyfeed on are hard to come by in winter,hence the need for the long journey towarmer climates. This may be changing,however, as some individuals of ourmigratory species are remaining furthernorth than expected with warmer wintersbecoming the norm.

A recent record from the British Trust forOrnithology confirms that at least oneswallow survived the winter in Cornwall!The first to return are usually sand martins,often as early as March. These are thesmallest of the five species, and as theirname suggests, they tend to nest in sandybanks, river banks and cliffs. Their plumagematching the dark sandy substrates thatthey prefer.House martins and swallows return in April.The distinct black and white plumage andshort, slightly forked tail of house martinsmake them easy to spot as they fly aroundour towns and villages, often nesting underthe eaves of houses. Swallows, or perhapsmore correctly speaking, barn swallows forthe pedantic among you, are usually morerural in their choice of habitats, oftennesting in barns and other farm buildings.

Perching swallows. The glossy black male blackbird.

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Swallows, Swifts and Martins – Continued

Wildlife

They differ from house martins when seenon the wing by their long tail streamers.Closer inspection will reveal a red foreheadand chin.Swifts arrive last, turning up in May, andleaving by the end of August. A fleetingvisit, which leaves only time for one broodper year. Swifts are fabulous aerial acrobatsand are perfectly adapted to a life in the air.So much so, that they rarely ever comedown to land, except to nest. In fact, theyare so well adapted to the air, that if theybecome grounded, they may not be able totake off again. They mate, eat, drink, andeven sleep on the wing (although theirsleep patterns differ greatly from our own).

One of the best spectacles of the naturalworld is to see and hear a flock of swiftsscreaming around the rooftops as if insome form of race to see who can makethe circuit first.

A swift in flight - the odd one out.

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One such comet will be nearing the earth this May,although you will need a pair of binoculars to spotit. It will be high in the night sky, close to the polestar, with the best view around May 14th. It goesunder the very technical name of C/2017 T2 PanSTARRS! Comets originate from two locations in the solarsystem. Long-period comets come from the Oortcloud, which is a shell of icy dust on the outerreaches of the solar system almost a light year fromthe sun. Short period comets tend to originate fromthe Kuiper Belt, which is just beyond Neptune andconsists largely of frozen bodies made up ofmethane, ammonia and water. It is also home to thedwarf planets Pluto, Haumea, Ceres, Eris andMakemake.If searching for faint comets is not your thing, thenthere are two bright stars worth noting at this timeof year which can easily be seen with the nakedeye. Regulus in the constellation of Leo andArcturus in the constellation of Bootes. Both ofthese can be found by using the Plough as a guide. If you imagine the plough as a saucepan, then if itleaks, it will spill directly on to the head of Leo, thelion. The head and chest of Leo are marked by abackwards question mark of quite bright stars. Thebrightest star at the base of the question mark isRegulus. Regulus is actually a system of four stars,the main star of which, Regulus A, is a blue/whitecoloured star three times as massive as our sun.If you the follow the curve of the handle of theplough, it will point to Arcturus, which is the fourthbrightest star in the night sky. It is a red giant,about 25 times the diameter of the sun. It isrelatively close to us, astronomically speaking,being 37 light years away. There are a number ofstories connected with Bootes.

Heaven’s Above – comets

We often think of comets as rare because we just can’t see them. There are, however,over 6000 known comets, with some scientists estimating that there may be as many asa trillion comet like bodies out there in our solar system.

Heavens above

Venus

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Comets – Continued

Heavens above

In one he is depicted as a herdsman; inanother he is Arcas the son of Zeus andCallisto; in yet another he is a grapegrower called Icarius who became afriend of the Greek god Dionysus (nosurprises there!).

Regulus and Arcturus are linked inliterature. For the Harry Potter aficionadosamong you, you will recall that SiriusBlack’s brother was called RegulusArcturus Black.

8 Wildlife

Butterflies = longer hotter days

As the days get warmer (and longer) there will be more and more butterflies out and aboutin our countryside. One of the earliest fliers is the orange tip, a member of the Pieridaefamily, which includes all of the common, white butterflies. The males of this speciesare very conspicuous, having a bright orange flash on each wing-tip (hence the name).

The females are less showy, having a blacktip to the wings, and are easily mistaken forother similar butterflies. When seen at rest,both males and females have a distinctivegreen mottling on the underside of thewings, which acts as a superb camouflage.Orange tip caterpillars are fussy eaters (likemost caterpillars, in fact). Two foodplantsare preferred, depending on the habitat. Indamp areas the caterpillars will feed mostlyon cuckoo flower, whilst in drier conditionsgarlic mustard is more usually eaten. Someother foodplants are utilised, all of themwithin the cabbage family. This group ofplants, as many an irate vegetable growerwill testify, is the favourite food of all thewhite butterfly caterpillars.Orange tips have been a familiar part of ourcountryside for many years.

The same cannot be said of the speckledwood. This butterfly, as its name suggests,is a species of woodlands and shadyhedgerows, where it can be seen flyingthrough dappled sunlight or perching inopen areas. Historically found throughoutmost of England and in the north and westof Scotland, this species is actuallyincreasing its range. As a result, it iscolonising new areas including EastLothian; which is nice and now means thatthese beautiful insects are a relativelycommon sight.Males and females look very similar, bothbeing dark brown with off-white spots. Theunderside of the wings has a more mottledappearance without the clear markings.

The orange tip, a showy male - typical.

Speckled wood butterfly.

9Wildlife

Butterflies – Continued

The beautiful peacock butterfly.

Small skipper butterflies.

Unlike most butterflies, speckled woods arerarely seen feeding on the nectar foundwithin flowers. Instead they preferhoneydew – a sweet, sticky liquidproduced by aphids and secreted ontoleaves. They do occasionally feed onnectar, but this tends to be early or late inthe summer when aphid numbers are low.The caterpillars of the speckled wood aregreen and, frankly, not much to look at(although well camouflaged as a result).They are found feeding on various commongrasses such as Yorkshire fog and Cock’s-foot – what great names these grasses have.Peacocks are a species to look out forthroughout the spring and summer, withadults emerging from hibernation earlierthan most species and remaining in flightlater than many other species. The greatthing about the peacock is that it’s sodistinctive and, like its avian namesake, iseasy to identify. The (mainly) red wingscarry large “eyespot” patterns, which arethought to frighten and confuse potentialpredators, especially birds. By contrast, theunderside of the wings are dull brownish-black, which provides excellent camouflagewhen the butterfly is at rest or hibernating.

As if these defences weren’t enough, thepeacock can also produce a hissing soundby rasping its wings – this seems to be avery effective deterrent against smallmammal predators.Male peacocks are very territorial and havebeen observed attempting to chase awaysmall birds that get too close. Theseterritories are often based around patchesof nettles. The nettle is the main food plantof peacock caterpillars and thereforeattracts females looking for suitable sites tolay their eggs. All of which is a good reasonfor us to cherish our nettle patches. Weshould all embrace the nettle –metaphorically speaking.The dark green fritillary is one of our largestbutterflies and is very distinctive, with itspowerful flight, large size, and brightorange and black colouring. At first glanceit’s difficult to spot anything green (dark orotherwise) about this butterfly, but seen atrest the underside of the hindwings have anobvious greenish hue, along with largesilvery-white spots. There are severalsimilar species found in Scotland, but thisis by far the most common in East Lothian,so there’s a good chance that any fritillaryyou see will be one of these.

10 Wildlife

Butterflies – Continued

Dark green fritillaries are most often seen incoastal grasslands, especially those whichinclude areas of bracken. There’s nothingabout the bracken per se that thesebutterflies like – it doesn’t produce nectarfor the adults to feed on, and it’s not afavourite foodplant for the caterpillars. Whatit can provide is a mosaic of habitats whichsuit this species perfectly. The adults laytheir eggs within dead bracken and leaflitter, which also provides a warmmicroclimate for the larvae after hatching.In addition, the bracken acts as a shelterbelt for the open grassy areas and, inparticular, for various species of violets onwhich the caterpillars feed. Bracken is oftenconsidered a bit of a weed and is clearedfrom many areas to prevent it overtakinggrasslands, but clearly in the right place atthe right time it can be very valuable forwildlife.Let’s be honest, the dark green fritillary is abit of a brute - in relative terms, at least.So, let’s head to the other extreme andlook at one of our smaller species, thesmall skipper (the clue’s in the name really).This is a butterfly which can be easilyoverlooked, as it spends much of its timesunbathing or resting in vegetation. It’soften only a sudden darting movement anda glimpse of orange-brown which callsattention to it. Even when seen clearly, itsfurry body, almost triangular shape andhabit of resting with wings open could leadto it being misidentified as a moth. (Not thatthere’s anything wrong with moths ofcourse, apart from the ones that eat yourcarpets).

Small skippers can be found in manygrassy habitats, including roadside vergesand woodland clearings. Your best bets inthis part of the world are probably coastalgrasslands such as those at Gullane orYellowcraig - anywhere with tall grasseswith plenty of wildflowers. The wildflowersprovide nectar for the adults, while thegrasses are the food plants for thecaterpillars. A particular favourite of thelatter is the aforementioned Yorkshire fog, agrass common throughout the county.Butterflies can be seen across the county,in all sorts of habitats. This is a positivegodsend, given the strange conditions thatwe find ourselves living in at the moment.You won’t need to travel far to seebutterflies, just find yourself a warm dayand a view of some flowers (they can behumble dandelions) and sooner or laterthere’ll be butterflies.

Dark green fritillary butterfly.

11Wildlife

The rocky European coastline is a principalhabitat for several closely related species.Here they feed on seaweeds and lichenswith their rough tongue (or radula) but tohelp in identifying them you are best tomove from the beach onto the rocky shorewhere their different habitat preferencescan give hints to ID.The sun and wind battered splash zonerocks and upper shore provide a home forthe rough periwinkle group, of which sub-species identification is best left to thespecialist. They are experts at survival,firmly closing their door (or operculum) tokeep their gills functioning by stoppingthem drying out. They also brood theiryoung, releasing them as small shelledversions of the adult. This is a goodadaptation to the extreme environment,where access to the sea ismore limited and prone to theextremes of wave action. Otherspecies tend to release larvaeinto the plankton, where it willeventually develop throughstages into the adult form. Therough periwinkle has a deeplygrooved shell and a moreintricate ID feature where theopening (or aperture) meetsthe body whorl at right angles.Look also for the appropriately named, butfar less common black-lined periwinkle inthis zone also.A slippery stroll into the mid-tide zone (toptip: wait till the tide is out!) will lead youquickly to encounters with the large, darkcoloured edible periwinkle, abundant on all

but the most exposed shores. The whiteaperture, pointed spiral shell, and also theacute angle of where the opening meetsthe shell are important features. As you near the seas edge at low tide, youwill be in the habitat of the flat periwinklewith its pretty, coloured shell, ranging fromyellow to green, brown or even orange. Itskey identifying feature is a distinctlyflattened spiral. They feed on largerseaweeds (eg. wrack species) but despitethe bright colours they can be awkward tospot. This genetic polymorphism helpsthem to blend in to the colourful habitats ofthe lower shore to avoid predation. Two flatperiwinkle species exist but againseparating them requires a blush inducingdescription that is not going to beattempted here!

Confusion corner, periwinkle –an inexpert approach to separating common species

“A sea snail!” is the cry from many children when confronted with one of the edibleperiwinkle shells left on the beach as the tide recedes. In some parts of the UK this isindeed the traditional name but collectively we have grown somewhat distant from thishitherto familiar species, after millennia of winkling the ‘whulks’ meat with toothpicks(and their forerunners). In the mid-19th century as many as 3 million pints of winkleswere consumed on London’s streets!

Rough periwinkle.

Edibleperiwinkle

12 Volunteers – UpdateEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY RESOURCES

An online group for environmentaleducation and nature connection with a 9-week challenge has been established byScottish Badgers in association with theWildlife Trusts. There is a different topiceach week centred on wellbeing andenvironmental education. There are indoor,garden and daily exercise options andparticipants can work towards Bronze,Silver or Gold certificates, or none!

https://www.facebook.com/groups/letsnoticenature/learning_content/

The environmental charity EarthwatchEurope have established Wild Days, asubscription* service with daily/weeklyenvironmental activities. *free access isbeing given to schools to support keyworkers and discounts are available toschools generally. www.wild-days.org

Some fantastic fun online educationalgames can be found at:

https://www.rspb.org.uk/fun-and-learning/for-kids/games-and-activities/

When you are out for a walk, grab thebasic materials you need to make a simplebug hotel that minibeasts will thank you forall summer long: One for window ledge:

https://schoolgardening.rhs.org.uk/resources/activity/make-a-simple-bug-or-ladybird-home

Or a fancier one if you have space:

https://www.rspb.org.uk/get-involved/activities/give-nature-a-home-in-your-garden/garden-activities/build-a-bug-hotel/

Educational and ActivityResourcesIn these times of being cooped up in the house, you may be looking for activities to dowith the children, or even for yourselves. The following are lists of resources to use andactivities to do with a wildlife emphasis.

13Volunteers – UpdateEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY RESOURCES

Or perhaps try making a bird bath:

https://www.rspb.org.uk/get-involved/activities/give-nature-a-home-in-your-garden/garden-activities/maketheperfectbirdbath/

If you are looking for some wildlifemonitoring activities to do, then the BritishTrust for Ornithology are inviting people tosend them records of the birds and otherwildlife visiting their garden.

For more details go to:

https://www.bto.org/

If you have a bird guide, that will help, but ifnot, check out the following online guidefrom the RSPB.

(https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/identify-a-bird/)

Butterfly Conservation are keen for recordsof butterflies that visit your garden. Go to

https://butterfly-conservation.org/butterflies/recording-and-monitoring for how to submitrecords as well as tips on gardening forbutterflies.

Why not challenge yourself to improvingyour Bird ID skills with the online quizzesand formal exams provided free by NordUniversity: https://www.natureid.no/birdwhich also has an excellent and free todownload bird identification app..

…And if nothing else, sit back and enjoythe Osprey action from the SWT onlinecamera at Loch of the Loweshttps://scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/things-to-do/watch-wildlife-online/loch-of-the-lowes-webcam/

Educational and Activity Resources –Continued

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Keep the vampires at bay!

Wildlife

At this time of year you may well walk through your local woodland and get a strong smellof garlic. There are a couple of plants that may be responsible for the smell – Wild Garlicor Few-flowered Leek. However, one is native and the other isn’t.

Wild garlic on the left, with Few-flowered leek to the right. A. Marland.

Wild garlic, also known as Ramsons, isnative and easily recognisable with its largewhite star-like flowers. It is common andwidespread across the UK favouringdeciduous woodland and chalky soils. Youcan also spot it in scrub and hedgerows butit prefers damp areas. It is an ancientwoodland indicator, so if you spot it whilstout and about you may well be standing ina very special place!

It flowers early in the spring so it is a vitalearly food source for many insects. Theleaves and flowers are edible. Young leavesappear from March are delicious added tosoups, sauces and pesto and are bestpicked when young. The flowers emergefrom April to June and can add a potentgarlic punch to salads and sandwiches.Closely related to onions and garlic,ramsons similarly grows from bulbs. Incontinental Europe, the bulbs are thoughtto be a favourite food of brown bears,hence the plant’s scientific name Alliumursinum (bear leek). For us it has many healthbenefits. It was traditionally used as a springtonic due to its blood-purifying properties,similar to bulb garlic, and is also thought tolower cholesterol and blood-pressure,which in turn helps to reduce the risk ofdiseases such as heart attack or stroke.

15Wildlife

Keep the vampires at bay! – Continued

Wild Garlic Pesto recipe(BBC Good Food)

You will need:• 150g wild garlic leaves • 50g parmesan • 1 garlic clove, finely chopped• ½ lemon zested and a few squeezes of juice• 50g pine nuts, toasted• 150ml rapeseed oil

1. Rinse and roughly chop the wild garlic leaves.

2. Blitz the wild garlic leaves, parmesan, garlic,lemon zest and pine nuts to a rough paste ina food processor. Season, and with themotor running slowly, add almost all the oil.Taste, season and add a few squeezes oflemon juice.

3. Transfer the pesto to a clean jar and top withthe remaining oil. Will keep in the fridge fortwo weeks.

How to forage responsibly Always be sure you can positively identify anyplant before you pick it, and never eat anyplant you are unsure of. When foraging, ensureyou leave plenty for wildlife.Here are a couple of key foraging guidelines:– Seek permission before foraging. In certainareas, plant species will be protected so it isimportant to do some research and check withthe landowner before you start gathering.– Only pick from areas that have a plentifulsupply. Look for areas where you can findfood in abundance and then only collect asmall amount for personal use. Nevercompletely strip an area as this coulddamage the species and deny anotherforager the chance to collect.

– Leave enough for wildlife and avoiddamaging habitats. Many animals rely onplants for survival, so never take more thanyou plan to eat as this could also denywildlife from a valuable food source. Bemindful about wildlife habitats and avoiddisturbing or damaging.

– Never pick protected species or causepermanent damage. Britain’s wild plants areall protected under the Wildlife andCountryside Act (1981), which makes itillegal to dig up or remove a plant. Check thelaw before you forage or if in doubt.

If you come across a plant that looks a bitlike wild garlic, but has narrower leaves andless of a garlic smell, you are likely to havefound the non-native Few-flowered leek.These aren’t like the large leeks we tend tobuy, they’re small and much more closelyresemble spring onions. The plant gets itsname from the fact that it has fewer flowersthan you might expect, but it makes up forthis by producing lots of bulbils (tinysecondary bulbs).It started as a popular garden plant butmade its way into deciduous woodlandsand along hedgerows and river banks.

It forms very dense carpets of leaves inspring, smothering and out-competingnative species, particularly early-floweringplants like primrose, which live in similarhabitat types. The bulbils help it to spread,particularly where grazing animals such asdeer carry it to new areas on their feet. Itcan be very invasive in disturbed habitats,and is increasingly abundant throughout itsrange, especially in southern Scotland. Likewild garlic it is also edible and can be usedin similar ways in soups, pesto, hummus,salads, as well as whole in place of springonions.

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Gardening for wildlife

Wildlife

Being as we are all being told to stay at home at the moment, now is the perfect opportunityto encourage wildlife into your garden. Even if you don’t have a garden there are smallthings you can do to make a big difference. Try some of the ideas below this spring.

FOODFeed the birds all-year round to keep theirenergy levels up over the nesting season.Put a bird feeder up in your garden, stick asmall feeder to your window or scattersome seeds or mealworms on a ledge.Make sure you take off fat ball mesh coversto avoid entanglement, chop up nuts toavoid choking and avoid bread products,which are dry to swallow, hard to digest,and dehydrating.

WATERAs the weather warms, fresh waterbecomes harder for wildlife to find. Putwater outside in a birdbath or in a smalllow-sided dish. Raise these up on a slab orbrick to stop other wildlife falling in andplace a small stone in it to help with gettingin and out.

HOMESIf you have a garden, make a compostheap for all your garden waste. The heatreleased breaks down plant nutrients toform free soil to use in your window box,pots or garden. Compost heaps also givewildlife shelter, especially slow worms wholove the warmth.

Common pipistrelle bat.

17Wildlife

Gardening for wildlife – Continued

PLANTS Whether you have a garden, a window boxor a few small pots, try planting somenectar rich flowers to benefit bees andbutterflies. Species such as poppies, cornmarigolds, rock rose, ivy and lavender workwell, as well as honeysuckle and eveningprimrose that release pollen at night,perfect for attracting moths and bats.Alternatively, why not plant herbs likefennel, rosemary and thyme that you canuse in cooking too? Encourage any wildflowering plants growing naturally such asclover, ragged robin and foxgloves as theseare great for insects.Avoid using chemicals in your gardenwhere possible. These can be toxic towildlife as well as pets and people, andavoid unsustainable products such aspeat-based composts. If you canencourage insects such as ladybirds andbirds into your garden, they will take care ofinsect pests for you.

Avoid cutting back trees and hedges at thistime of year to avoid damaging ordisturbing nesting birds. Why not spend some time watching thewildlife that visits your garden, and perhapsrecord those speciesThe British Trust for Ornithology are invitingyou to take part in a citizen science projectby watching the wildlife outside yourwindow, and recording the birds and otherwildlife that visits. Go to www.bto.org formore details.Butterfly Conservation are keen for recordsof butterflies that visit your garden. Go tohttps://butterfly-conservation.org/butterflies/recording-and-monitoring for how to submitrecords as well as tips on gardening forbutterflies.

Quiz – answers

East Lothian Geography Quiz –Answers1.Which East Lothian place has the same name as a character from Trainspotting?

Begbie

2.Which British Prime Minister was born in Whittingehame HouseArthur Balfour (Prime Minister 1902-1905)

3.A declaration bearing his name was a statement made to the UK Government in 1917.What was it in support of?The Balfour Declaration was a proposal for the creation of a Jewish homeland inPalestine

4.The Rev John Witherspoon was born in which East Lothian village?Gifford

5.He is famous in the USA for being one of the 12 signatories to what?The American Declaration of Independence

6.What age was John Muir when he left Dunbar with his family to live in the USA?11

7.How long did the battle of Prestonpans last? 20 minutes; 2 hours or 6 hours?20 minutes (Sir John Cope’s forces were routed in a surprise attack by Prince CharlesHighlander army)

8.What is the highest point in East Lothian?Meikle Says Law in the Lammermuir Hills

9.Which island is said to be the inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island?Fidra

10.In what other of his novels is it mentioned?Catriona

11.Which prog rock band also mention the island in the lyrics of their song ‘Warm, WetCircles’?Marillion

12.Can you find the following sites in East Lothian?

A) A small hill with the same name as the composer of the hymn ‘Hark The Glad Sound’ Dodridge – on the border with Midlothian

B) A farm with the same name as a middle-east citJerusalem – between Pencaitland and Haddington

C) A village that translates as ‘Church at the head of the wood’.

Pencaitland (From the Brythonic ‘Pen Coed Llan’)