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Earth’s Unique Atmosphere 1. Magnetic Field: a layer of electrical charges that protects Earth...
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Transcript of Earth’s Unique Atmosphere 1. Magnetic Field: a layer of electrical charges that protects Earth...
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Earth’s Unique Atmosphere1. Magnetic Field: a layer of electrical charges
that protects Earth from solar winds and cosmic rays
Caused by: the liquid metal in Earth’s outer core
Earth’s Unique Atmosphere2. Ozone Layer: A layer of O3 molecules
that reflects UV radiation
Ozone Good Ozone:
Found in the stratosphere Keeps out harmful UV
radiation Bad Ozone:
Found in the troposphereCauses pollution and harms
lung tissue
Ozone Depletion Humans are releasing CFC gases into the
atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules
CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons: gases that
break up ozone molecules New Regulations: Montreal Protocol (1987): Now
products are made with little or no CFC gases to protect our ozone layer
Earth’s Unique Atmosphere3. Greenhouse Effect: Certain gases trap
heat inside Earth’s atmosphere and reflect heat back to Earth’s surface
Greenhouse Gases
Any gas that traps heat inside Earth’s atmosphere
Carbon dioxide: CO₂ Methane: CH ₄ Water Vapor: H₂O Nitrous oxide: N₂O Sulfur Dioxide: SO₂
Exosphere 300-6000 miles above
Earth’s surface Extremely hot
200-2000 ºF Mostly Hydrogen and Helium moleculesBeginning of outer Space
Thermosphere
50-300 miles above Earth’s surface Temperature increases with altitude
-80 to 200° F Space shuttle, space station and
satellites orbit here Aurora: A natural light display caused by
energetic particles interacting with Earth’s magnetic field
Mesosphere
30-50 miles above Earth’s surface Temperature decreases with
altitudeColdest layer: -130 to 0 °F
Meteors burn up in this layer Noctilucent clouds: high clouds
made of ice crystals
Stratosphere
6-30 miles above Earth’s surface Temperature increases with altitude
-100 to 30 °F Good ozone layer
Reflects harmful UV radiation Military air space Jet stream: A current of rapidly moving air Radiosonde: Weather balloon
Troposphere 0-6 miles above Earth’s surface Temperature decreases with
altitude: -100 to 60 ºF Highest air pressure = Contains
most air molecules Bad ozone: causes air pollution Weather and cloud formation Commercial airplanes fly here Highest mountain: Mt. Everest
5.5 miles
Atmospheric Temperature Graph
90 miles
Thermosphere
50 miles
Mesosphere
30 miles
Stratosphere
6 miles
Troposphere
-120⁰F -60 ⁰F 0 ⁰F 60 ⁰F 120 ⁰F