Earth’s Structure & The Rock Cycle Chapters 8 & 9 Jeopardy Review 2014.
Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.
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Transcript of Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.
![Page 1: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth’s History The Rock Cycle
Complete on page 135
![Page 2: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
•The study of the structure of planet Earth and the forces that make and shape Earth.
~James Hutton studied rocks and landscape around him and developed the principle of uniformitarianism.
~The principle of Uniformitarianism states that the geologic processes that operate today also operated in the past.
![Page 3: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Fossils are preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.
•After a time, the sediments are compressed together to make sedimentary rock
•Index fossil: a fossil that is widely distributed and represents a type of organism that existed only briefly
•Index fossils help geologists match rock layers because they tell the relative ages of the rock layers in which they occur.
A Plant Fossil!
![Page 4: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Geologists classify rocks into three main groups:
1. Sedimentary rock: made of sediments that have been deposited and then pressed together to form solid rock.
2. Metamorphic rock: forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions.
3. Igneous rock: forms when molten material from beneath Earth’s surface cools and hardens.
![Page 5: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• The Rock Cycle is a series of processes on and beneath Earth’s surface that slowly change rocks from one kind of rock to another.
• Forces inside Earth and at the surface produce a rock cycle that builds, changes, and destroys rocks.
![Page 6: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 7: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 8: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 9: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 10: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 11: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 12: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 13: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How does the rock cycle work?
![Page 14: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Relative age:– The age compared
to the ages of other rocks.
– This does not give an exact age
• Absolute age:– The number of
years since the rock formed
![Page 15: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Law of superposition– When Geologist
determine the relative ages of sedimentary rock layers
– The oldest layer is at the bottom and each higher level is younger than the layers below it.
![Page 16: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Radioactive dating:– The atoms of one element
break down to form atoms of another
– Used to determine the absolute age of rocks
– Radioactive dating indicates that Earth is roughly 4.6 billion years old.
– Half-life- the time it takes for half of the unstable atoms in a fossil sample to decay.
• Ranges from fractions of a second to billions of years.
![Page 17: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
You do not need to write this down!
• Atoms are tiny particles that make up matter. Some of them are unstable which means their insides cannot hold a the atom together. When atoms are unstable, they release some of their particles. This is called radioactive decay.
• All atoms decay at different speeds. When a atom is half decayed, the time it took to decay that far is its half-life. The ratio of unstable atoms to stable atoms helps scientists figure out an approximate age for the fossil and rock. This method of dating is called absolute dating.
![Page 18: Earth’s History The Rock Cycle Complete on page 135.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f295503460f94c4297d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Complete this drawing on p. 134 in your notebook
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