Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Earthquake

- shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity

San Francisco Earthquake 1906

Alaska Earthquake 1964

This image shows what can happen outside buildings during an earthquake. It shows a debris-strewn street in California, after the

1906 San Francisco Earthquake.

IF THE GROUND SEEMS TO GLIDE, STAY INSIDE!

Following an earthquake,

these railroad

tracks show the bending and folding

power of plate

movement.

Volcano

- an opening in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

Formation of a Volcano

Paracutin Volcano, Mexico

Mount St. Helens

Cinder Cone Volcano

Mount Vesuvius

Images of victims in eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. Most died as a result of suffocation.

Mount Vesuvius

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINNAMIBIA IN AFRICA

What is the relationship between the Earth’s plates, volcanoes, and earthquakes?

http://www.extremescience.com/PlateTectonicsmap.htm

Plates

Earthquakes

http://hsv.com/scitech/earthsci/quake.htm

Volcanoes

Let’s look at those maps again.

Plates

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Earthquakes and Volcanoes are found where plates meet.

Seismic Waves

– waves of force that travel through the earth as a result of plate movement (i.e. earthquakes and volcanoes)

Seismic Risk Map of the U.S.

Seismometer

- gives an early warning that a tsunami is coming

Seismograph records energy waves of the earth

Ring of Fire

– an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic activity occurs in the Pacific Ocean

Focus

- is the point underground where the rocks begin to move during an earthquake

Tsunami

– a series of large water waves caused by plate tectonic movement

Earthquakes in the ocean cause

Destruction

30’ Wall of Water

Epicenter

- is the point above ground where the earthquake begins

Richter Scale

– assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake

Stress

– is released by earthquakes when it has been built up enough