Chapter 5 Earthquakes Earth's Crust in Motion Measuring Earthquakes Earthquake Hazards.
Earthquake Waves Learning Target: How does the energy from plate movement make earthquakes?
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Transcript of Earthquake Waves Learning Target: How does the energy from plate movement make earthquakes?
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Earthquake WavesLearning Target: How does the energy from plate movement make earthquakes?
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• Caused by sudden movement of rocks or a fracture in the crust (fault)
• Potential energy is stored as stress between plates or fault lines in the crust
• The released Kinetic energy creates vibrations throughout the earth- called seismic waves
• Energy travels outward in 3 directions
1) What is an earthquake?
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2) Primary Waves (P waves)• can travel through solids, liquids and gases• Fastest seismic waves, first detected• Particles rock back and forth; squeezing and
stretching matter
Three Types of Seismic Waves
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P Wave motion
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3) Secondary Waves, S waves•Cannot travel through liquid layers of Earth• Slower than P waves, arrive later•Move side to side as they travel
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S Wave motion
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3) Surface Waves
A. The first is called a Love wave. it moves the ground from side to side in a horizontal plane but at right angles to the direction of motion. The horizontal shaking of Love waves is particularly damaging to the foundations of structures.
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B) The second type of surface wave is known as a Rayleigh wave. Like rolling ocean waves, Rayleigh waves wave move both vertically and horizontally in a vertical plane pointed in the direction in which the waves are travelling.
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5) How are waves measured?
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6) How are earthquakes measured?• The size of an earthquake is determined by the
amount of energy measured by amplitude of wave OR duration of earthquake
• Magnitude is measured by Richter Scale• As numbers go up on the Richter Scale, the
energy is 10 times stronger than the lower number!
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Earthquake Wave Energy:7) Energy of a wave is measured by the amplitude, the height the ground moves as the wave passes
8) What is happening to the amplitude of this wave?
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9) Which magnitude would you first notice if an earthquake happened?
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The path of P and S waves through Earth’s interior
10) Why don’t S waves travel through the core?
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Plate boundary for Northwest
11) What type of plate boundary is between the North America Plate (land) and the Juan De Fuca Plate (ocean)?What is happening to the ocean plate?