Earthing and lightning protection - energosfera.lt

Earthing and lightningprotection

Contents

About us 2

Building industry – system solutions 4

Power industry – system solutions 6

Telecommunications – system solutions 8

Petroleum plants – system solutions 10

Galmar lightning protection based on copper conductors 12

Galmar lightning protection is based on copper-bonded steel conductors and galvanized, enamel coated steel clamps 13

New standard in the earthing system 14

Galmar earthing system 15

Galmar Resistivity 29

Conductors 30

Galmar lightning protection 34

Galconnect system 45

Galmarweld system 48

Lightning protection – theory 65

Galmar products quality 69

Index 74

Rev. 2013.07.31

www.galmar.pl2

Galmar head office and laboratories

About us

Copper tape automatic production line

Galmar is the manufacturer of the highest quality Earthing and Lightning protection systems, with long standing experience of the Polish and international markets. The company was established in 1969 and remains in the family hands. As a result of technology founded by Galmar enabling copper bonding of rods, tapes and wires with 30 years guaranteed durability against corrosion; Galmar is pioneer of new quality in earthing system.

As a result of intensive company deve-lopment Galmar serve countries all around the world, for example: Algeria, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, Ne-therlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and United States.

Galmar owns big production plant with the latest technology for production of cop-per-bonded steel rods, copper-bonded steel tapes and wires, copper tapes and acces-sories for earthing and lightning protection. In June 2007 the automatic line for copper-bonding of rods and tapes for the installation of earthing and lightning protection has been installed.

Galmar concentrates on the highest quality of the products and owns not only the production plant but the research

Production plant of total area 30 000 m2

Automatic line for copper-plating steel rods to get a copper layer thickness of 0.250 mm

Line for copper-plating steel conductorsto get a copper layer thickness of 0.070 mm

www.galmar.pl 3

Simulation of lightning strike into GSM tower at Galmar high voltage laboratory

About us

Consultants of Galmar company: prof. Zdobyslaw Flisowski – in the center, dr Marek Loboda – right, Managing Director of Galmar Poland Mr. Robert Marciniak – left

and development lab as well. The Earthing and Lightning Protection Centre is helpful du-ring the training and conducting researches for draftsmen, engineers, contractors related to Earthing and Lightning protection. The Centre consists of high voltage laboratory, earthing system laboratory and corrosion resistance of materials.

As a part of its activity Centre carries out lightning discharge simulation using high-voltage generator, participates in re- gistration program of atmospheric discharge in the area of Poland, examines soil resistivity and the resistance of the rods in different soil types, carries out the chemical composition test for the materials, having ap-plication in earthing and lightning protection, in their own chemical laboratory as well as in the independent research centers. This is possible thanks to continuous cooperation with Prof. Zdobyslaw Flisowski – patron of our research Centre, Dr. Marek Loboda, who supervises research projects, seminars, trainings and the team of con-sultants. The main task of the consultants is to help our Customers with the products selection and designing of Earthing and Lightning Protection.

Since the establishment of the company our main target is constant improvement of the quality of our products, and providing our clients full technical support by connec-ting our experience with the creativity of our young engineers.

Polish designing team providing support to the customers

Simulation of lightning strike into pole at Galmar high voltage laboratory

www.galmar.pl4

Building industry – system solutions

www.galmar.pl 5

Building industry – system solutions

Galmar conductors

Galmar lightning protection

Galmar earth rods

Galmar earthing system

www.galmar.pl6

Power industry – system solutions

www.galmar.pl 7

Power industry – system solutions

Galmar Resistivity

Galmarweld system

Galconnect system

Galmar earth rods


Galmar conductors

www.galmar.pl8

Telecommunications – system solutions

www.galmar.pl 9

Telecommunications – system solutions

Galmar Resistivity

Galmarweld system

Galconnect system

Galmar earth rods


Galmar conductors

www.galmar.pl10

Petroleum plants – system solutions

www.galmar.pl 11

Petroleum plants – system solutions

Galmarweld system

Galmar conductors

Galmar Resistivity

Galmar earth rods


www.galmar.pl12

Galmar lightning protection based on copper conductors

1fastening holder on ridge tileG115 64M

2 roof holder for universal useG115 68M

3 roof conductor holderG117 11

4 gutter clampG115 45M

5multipurpose connection clamp for universal useG115 51M

6antenna mast clampingG116 14

7pipe bondG115 13

8 wall clampG117 03M

9wall clamp for tapeG117 51M

10 test joint clamp wire to tapeG115 62M

11 copper wire G111 03

12 copper tape G110 03

13 Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rods with sealing-strengthening bushG000 85

Galmar vertical earthing rodG100 12

15 skew clamp conductor to conductor G103 30N

14

or

Galmar inspection pitG114 04

www.galmar.pl 13

1fastening holder on ridge tileG115 64A

2roof holder for universal useG115 68A

3 roof conductor holderG117 11

4 gutter clampG115 45A

5multipurpose connection clamp for universal useG115 51A

6 antenna mast clampingG116 14

7pipe bondG115 13

8 wall clampG117 03A

9 wall clamp for tapeG117 51A

10 test joint clamp wire to tapeG115 62A

11 copper-bonded steel wireG111 49

12 copper-bonded steel tapeG110 74

13Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rods with sealing-strengthening bushG000 85

Galmar vertical earthing rodG100 12

15 skew clamp conductor to conductor G103 30N

14

or

Galmar inspection pitG114 02

Galmar lightning protection is based on copper-bonded steel conductors and galvanized, enamel coated steel clamps

www.galmar.pl14

New standard in the earthing system

We encourage you to get familiar with our new Galmar product – innovative and unique, the-reby providing an effective and efficient solution. Copper-bonded steel tape, with a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm, in combination with copper-bonded steel earth rods of copper thickness 0.250 mm – a reliable, complete solution for earthing system and an economical substitution for copper conductors, thereby meeting the same requirements for corrosion resistance and that too at the a better price.

Standard productCopper-bonded steel earth rodwith 0.250 mm (min.) copper thickness

New productCopper-bonded steel tape and wirewith a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm (min.)

Importance of copper coating:Why copper thickness of 0.250 mm for copper-bonded steel earth rod?

In case of copper-bonded steel earth rods, copper coating of minimum 0.250 mm is very essential because the rods are driven vertically inside the ground and thereby experiencing high mechanical stress from its surrounding materials like stones and pebbles, which can result into loss of copper coating of about 0.150 mm. Thus, even after installation, the copper-bonded rods will have a copper coating of 0.100 mm, which is technically sufficient for protection against corrosion. That’s the reason why is very much essential for copper-bonded earth rods to have minimum copper thickness of 0.250 mm.

Why copper thickness of 0.070 mm for copper-bonded steel tape and wire?In case of copper-bonded steel tape or wire, copper coating of 0.070 mm is technically well-justified and efficient because generally, from

earthing point of view, the conductor is installed horizontally in the trenches and thereby experiencing less mechanical stress (as compared to vertically driven copper-bonded rods) from its surrounding materials like stones, pebbles, etc. Thus, owing to the same reason, copper thickness of 0.070 mm is sufficient enough for copper-bonded tape and wire to resist corrosion effectively and thereby providing longer performance period.

www.galmar.pl 15

Threaded coupling dimensions (hexagonal shape)

Diameter of rodinch

Material

bronze1/2

5/8

3/4

G104 11

G104 12

G104 13

Cat. no.

0.09

0.08

0.13

Weightkg

Galmar vertical rods

Typeof threadinch

Diameterof rodmm

Lengthof threadmm

Rod length* Cat. no.Material

steel

copper bonded

to thickness

of 0.250 mm

1/2

5/8

3/4

12.8

14.2

17.2

30

30

34

4

5

6

8

10

4

5

6

8

10

4

5

6

8

10

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

G100 01

G100 02

G100 03

G100 04

G100 05

G100 11

G100 12

G100 13

G100 14

G100 15

G100 21

G100 22

G100 23

G100 24

G100 25

1.20

1.50

1.80

2.40

3.00

1.50

1.80

2.30

3.12

3.80

2.20

2.75

3.40

4.35

5.44

feet m

Weightkg

* for special orders we supply different rod lengths up to 3 m

Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rods, threadedThey are made of molecularly bonded 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon steel

core. The steel core is a bar drawn to the required diameter. Galmar rods are highly resistant to corrosion, and because the steel used has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures a life expectancy of greater than 30 years.

The threads at the tips of a rod are rolled after copper bonding process, and both steel and copper are rolled into the thread, making it exceptionally strong.

Connection of the rods using threaded coupling comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”.

Threaded earth rod dimensions


Tip

Driving head

Coupling

Rod

Coupling

Rod

Diameter of rodinch

Cat. no.Material

brass1/2

5/8

3/4

G104 01

G104 02

G104 03

Weightkg

0.13

0.12

0.17

Threaded coupling dimensions

www.galmar.pl16


Pointed hardened steel tip dimensions

steel1/2

5/8

3/4

G106 01

G106 02

G106 03

0.04

0.04

0.05

Diameter of rodinch

Material Cat. no.Weightkg

Driving head dimensions

steel1/2

5/8

3/4

G108 01

G108 02

G108 03

0.05

0.08

0.12

Diameter of rodinch

Material Weightkg

Cat. no.

Tup for Galmar threaded copper-bonded earth rodTup is to carry percussive hammer oscillations on driving head for Galmar threaded copper- -bonded earth rod (for hammers with SDS-Max fitting only)

1/2

1/2

5/8; 3/4

G109 07

G109 08

G109 01

Cat. no.Kind of driving head

1.70

1.35

1.35

without a hole

with a hole

with a hole

Weightkg

Tup for driving headinch

www.galmar.pl 17


Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rod with sealing-strengthening bushThe 99.9% pure electrolytic copper bonded onto a drawn steel to a thickness of min 0.250 mm

forms molecular and inseparable connection with the steel. The steel core has a high tensile strength of 600 N/mm2.

One end of the rod has decreased diameter by hot forging what guarantees the same thickness of the copper layer on the whole length of the rod. The other end has a hole which enables the connection between the rods to increase the length.

The connection of the rods is protected by sealing bush made of stainless steel which provides an additional mechanical strength to the connection. The bush levels potential deformations of the feather key that form during the grounding. The rod pin is made by hot forging what hardened the bolt. Therefore there is no need to use the tip. Connection of the rods comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”.

To drive the wrought rod into the ground, the driving stud and tup for mechanical driving or tup for hand driving must be used.

The bush advantage:– sealing the pin-feather key connection,– strengthening the mechanical connection,– eliminating the potential feather key deformations.

Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rod with sealing-strengthening bush

Diameter of rodmm

Cat. no.

G000 72

G000 75

G000 86

G000 85

Material

steel copper bonded

to thickness of 0.250 mm,

sealing strengthening steel bush

14.2

17.2

Lengthm

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.5

Weightkg

1.50

1.90

2.14

2.68

Cat. no.Application

for mechanical driving using hammers with

SDS Max fastening

for hand driving

for mechanical driving with Hilti TE 905 and TE 1000

for mechanical driving using hammers with

SDS Max fastening

for hand driving

for mechanical driving with Hilti TE 905 and TE 1000

14.2

17.2

G109 75

G109 76

G109 77

G109 85

G109 86

G109 87

Diameter of rodmm

Weightkg

0.37

0.24

1.31

0.39

0.21

1.28

Tup for Galmar wrought rodTup for Galmar wrought rod transfers vibrations from the percussive hammer or hand hammer onto earth rod core through the driving stud placed in the feather key of the rod

cat. no. G109 75cat. no. G109 85cat. no. G109 76cat. no. G109 86

cat. no. G109 77cat. no. G109 87

Driving stud for Galmar wrought rodDriving stud is to transfer the vibrations from the tup to earth rod. It should be placed in the feather key of the rod and should be beaten using the hammer

steel14.2

17.2

G108 75

G108 85

0.04

0.07

Diameter of rodmm

Material Weightkg

Cat. no.

Rod

Sealing--strengtheningbush

Rod

www.galmar.pl18

Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rods, unthreadedThey are made by molecularly bonding 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon

steel core. The steel core is a bar drawn to the required diameter. Galmar rods are highly resistant to corrosion, and because the used steel has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures a life expectancy of greater than 30 years.

Connection of the rods using unthreaded coupling comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”. This type of rods is intended to be driven at the depth of 4 metres maximum.

Unthreaded earth rods dimensions

Diameter of rodmm

Rod length* Cat. no.Material

steel copper bonded

to thickness of 0.250 mm

steel copper bonded


12.8

14.2

17.2

9.6

4

5

6

8

10

4

5

6

8

10

4

5

6

8

10

4

5

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.4

3

1.2

1.5

G000 01

G000 03

G000 06

G000 07

G000 08

G000 44

G000 11

G000 48

G000 13

G000 35

G000 16

G000 19

G000 20

G000 21

G000 23

G000 27

G000 37

1.20

1.50

1.80

2.40

3.00

1.50

1.90

2.30

3.12

3.80

2.20

2.75

3.40

4.35

5.44

0.65

0.83

feet m

Weightkg

* for special orders we supply different rod lengths up to 3 m and different rod diameter up to 18 mm

Unthreaded coupling dimensions

Diameter of rodmm

Cat. no.Material

brass12.8

14.2

17.2

G104 04

G104 07

G104 10

Weightkg

0.16

0.14

0.27

Tip

Driving head

Rod

Coupling

Rod


Cat. no.Material

copper bonded steel,

stainless steel bush

wire ∅ 8

wire ∅ 10

tape 25 x 4

tape 30 x 4

G103 43

G103 44

G103 45

G103 46

Conductor sizemm

0.12

0.11

0.11

0.12

Weightkg

Application

wrought rod

∅ 17.2 mm

Tightened clamp for wrought rod diameter 17.2 mm to wire or tapeClamp equipped with stainless steel sealing-strengthening bush and tape protecting the connec-tion from the soil corrosion

cat. no. G103 43cat. no. G103 44

cat. no. G103 45cat. no. G103 46

www.galmar.pl 19

Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rod unthreaded with tipThey are made by molecularly bonding 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon

steel core. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points. Steel has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2. One end of the rod is pointed to facilitate driving manually.

Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rod unthreaded with tipDiameter of rodmm

Rod length Cat. no.Material

steel copper bonded

to thickness

of 0.250 mm

14.2

17.2

3.28

5

6.56

10

3.28

5

6.56

10

1

1.5

2

3

1

1.5

2

3

G000 38M

G000 11M

G000 14M

G000 35M

G000 64M

G000 19M

G000 22M

G000 23M

1.20

1.80

2.40

3.80

1.83

2.75

3.66

5.44

feet m

Weightkg

Diameter of rodmm

Cat. no.Material

bronze12.8

14.2

17.2

G104 16BG

G104 14BG

G104 15BG

Weightkg

0.14

0.12

0.19

Diameter of rodmm

Cat. no.Material

steel12.8

14.2

17.2

G109 04

G109 05

G109 06

Weightkg

0.25

0.22

0.27

Unthreaded coupling dimensions

Tups for unthreaded earth rod dimensions

Diameter of rodmm

Cat. no.Material

steel12.8

14.2

17.2

G106 07

G106 08

G106 09

Weightkg

0.10

0.16

0.24

Unthreaded tip for hard soils dimensions


www.galmar.pl20

Vertical stainless steel and solid copper earth rodsDue to high resistance to corrosion, both stainless steel and solid copper earth rods

are used in applications where soil is aggressive, pH value is below 3 or above 8. In such conditions, applications of these types of rods guarantee constant resistance for many years.

Connection of the rods using coupling dowel comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”. This type of rods is intended to be driven at the depth of 4.5 metres maximum.

Accessories for vertical stainless steel earth rods

driving stud

coupling dowel

spike

G108 51

G104 51

G106 51

Accessories Cat. no.Material

0.02stainless steel

Weightkg

Solid copper earth rod dimensions

Material

copper14

15

16

20

G100 98

G101 02

G101 28

G101 03

Cat. no.

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.15

1.88

2.24

3.35

Weightkg

Lengthm

Diametermm

Stainless steel earth rod dimensions

Material

stainless steel14 G100 51

Cat. no.

1.5 1.70

Weightkg

Lengthm

Diametermm

Accessories for vertical solid copper earth rods

driving stud for rod dia. 14 16 mm

driving stud for rod dia. 20 mm

coupling dowel for rod dia. 14 16 mm

coupling dowel for rod dia. 20 mm

spike for rod dia. 14 16 mm

spike for rod dia. 20 mm

G108 98

G108 97

G104 98

G104 97

G106 98

G106 97

Accessories Cat. no.Material

0.02

0.05

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.04

stainless steel

Weightkg

Driving stud

Spike

Rod

Couplingdowel

Rod


www.galmar.pl 21


Earth plates

Earth plate

1000 x 1000 x 3

600 x 600 x 1.5

900 x 900 x 1.5

600 x 600 x 3

900 x 900 x 3

1000 x 1000 x 3

G110 43

G110 44

G110 45

G110 46

G110 47

G110 43S

Cat. no.Material

26.70

5.00

11.20

10.00

22.00

24.00

copper

steel copper bonded


Weightkg

Sizemm

Earth plate – lattice copper

600 x 600 x 3

900 x 900 x 3

G110 48

G110 49

Cat. no.Material

4.00

7.20

copper

Weightkg

Sizemm

Clamps

Rod to conductor clampsRod to cable clamp – suitable for use with circular copper conductor

Dimensions Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu3/8

1/2

5/8; 3/4

G103 13

G103 17

G103 18

Cat. no.

9.6

12.8

14.2; 17.2

0.03

0.05

0.06

rod St/Cu

inch

6 35

16 50

16 95

wire/cablemm2

Weightkg

mm

Material

bronze,

copper bolt

Rod to tape clamp – suitable for use with copper or copper-bonded steel tape


St/Cu or Cu1/2

5/8

3/4

1/2

1/2

5/8

5/8

5/8

5/8

3/4

3/4

G103 14

G103 06

G103 07

G103 15

G103 08

G103 09

G103 10

G103 19

G103 16

G103 21

G103 22

Cat. no.

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

0.15

0.15

0.23

0.15

0.15

0.23

0.24

0.30

0.15

0.15

0.23

rod St/Cu

26 x 8

26 x 12

26 x 20

26 x 8

26 x 12

26 x 18

40 x 12

51 x 8

26 x 10

26 x 12

26 x 18

tapemm

Weightkg

mminch

Material

bronze,

copper bolt

Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).

www.galmar.pl22


Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).

„U” bolt rod clamps„U” bolt rod clamp enables to connect earth rod to copper or copper-bonded steel tape. „U” bolt threaded M10

Dimensions Material

bronze,

copper bolt

1/2

3/4

5/8

G103 81

G103 82

G103 83

Cat. no.

12.8

17.2

14.2

0.20

0.20

0.26

rod St/Cu

≤ 25

tape widthparallel to rodmm

tape width squarely to rodmm

25 40

25 40

25 40

Weightkg

inch mm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu

or Cu

„U” bolt rod to cable clamp enables to connect earth rod to cable


St/Cu

or Cu

5/8

3/4

5/8

3/4

G103 84

G103 85

G103 86

G103 87

Cat. no.

14.2

17.2

14.2

17.2

0.39

rod St/Cu

16 95

16 70

70 185

70 150

cablemm2

Weightkg

inch mm

Material

bronze,

copper bolt

Cruciform clampsCruciform clamp – profile, bolted M10 with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to galva-nized tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)

Cruciform clamp – profile, bolted M8 with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to galvani-zed tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)

Dimensions

rod St/Cumm

12.8; 14.2

17.2

40

40

28 78

28 78

G103 32N

G103 33N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M10

tapemm

wire/cablemm2

Cat. no.Material

0.31

Weightkg

St/Cu

or Cu

Conductormaterial

Dimensions

rod St/Cumm

12.8; 14.2

17.2

36

36

28 78

28 78

G103 95N

G103 96N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M8

tapemm

wire/cablemm2

Cat. no.Material

0.23

Weightkg

St/Cu

or Cu

Conductormaterial

cat. no. G103 81cat. no. G103 82

cat. no. G103 83

www.galmar.pl 23


Skew clampsSkew clamp universal, with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)

Skew clamp, with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to tape parallel or squarely. Clamp ensures good contact of rod and tape

Skew clamp rod-rod to connect copper or copper-plated rod to copper or copper-plated rod

Terminal clampTerminal clamp – flat, bolted 2 x M10, with stainless steel separator inside, enables to connect rod to tape. Stainless steel separator inside protects from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected

tape parallelor squarelyto rodmm

wire/cable parallel or squarely to rodmm2

12.8; 14.2

17.2

30

30

28 78

28 78

G103 28N

G103 29N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M8

rod St/Cumm

Dimensions Cat. no.Material

0.15

Weightkg

tape parallel or squarely to rodmm

12.8; 14.2

17.2

40

40

G103 78N

G103 79N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M8

rod St/Cu mm


0.14

Weightkg

12.8; 14.2

17.2

12.8; 14.2

17.2

G103 69N

G103 70N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M8

rod St/Cumm

rod St/Cumm


0.15

Weightkg

tapemm

12.8; 14.2

17.2

40

40

G103 72N

G103 73N

stainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M10

rod St/Cumm


0.14

Weightkg

Screwed clamp for threaded earth rodsMade of brass, enables to connect threaded rod to circular copper conductor of size up to 63 sqmm (diameter up to 9 mm). Recommended mostly for cables. It is recommended to protect screwed brass clamps from humidity with thermoshrinkable shield (see page 27)

cablemm2

wiremm

5/8

3/4

63

63

∅ 9

∅ 9

G103 52

G103 53

brass


14.2

17.2

rod St/Cu

inch mm

0.12

0.17

Weightkg

St/Cu or Cu

Conductormaterial

www.galmar.pl24


Cruciform clampsCruciform clamp to connect conductor to conductor, bolted M10. Clamp enabling connection of two conductors

Cruciform clamp to connect conductor to conductor, bolted M8. Clamp enabling connection of two conductors

Skew clamp, flat, to connect tape with tape, bolted 2 x M8

Skew clampsSkew clamp universal to connect rod to tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)

Earth clamp of the suspension strandFor galvanic connection of insulated suspension strand of cable with earthing conductor and to connect suspension strands together

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

Dimensions

A

Cat. no.Material

B

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm

G103 42Nstainless steel,

stainless steel

bolts M10

Weightkg

0.31

Dimensions

A

Cat. no.Material

B

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 36 mm

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 36 mm


stainless steel

bolts M8

Weightkg

0.23

Dimensions

A

Cat. no.Material

B

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm

wire Cu or St/Zn

28 78 mm2

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm


stainless steel

bolts M8

Weightkg

0.15

Dimensions

A

Cat. no.Material

B

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm

tape Cu or St/Zn

to 40 mm


stainless steel

bolts M8

Weightkg

0.14

Dimensions

range of diameters of suspension strandmm

Cat. no.Material

3 10 G103 27plastic, hot dip

galvanized

steel bolt

Weightkg

0.13

www.galmar.pl 25


Additional accessories

cat. no. G113 01

Lubricating medium for couplings of threaded earthing rodsIt is used for additional protection of contacts inside coupling. When connecting rods with

coupling, we recommend to pour little paste into coupling. It can also be used as lubricating medium for driving stud making it easy to screw it out.

cat. no. G114 07

cat. no. G114 08

cat. no. G107 04

Report of earth resistance measurementsAllows to record all essential information on earthing resistance measurements and its

configuration. This information can be useful during next inspection of earthing system.

Waterproof markerSuitable for filling out the earthing resistance measurements report.

Isolating coilIsolating coil is positioned between two different earth electrodes to eliminate influence of fault

and high frequency currents.

Galmar inspection pits Enable to control rod – earthing conductor connections with no problems as well as to make time earth resistance measurements.Pit G114 04 can be mounted in different kind of hardened surfaces (recommended for areas with setts because of specially designed reinforced flange). Pit G114 02 can be mounted only in surfaces hardened with concrete or asphalt

330 x 330 x 150 x 75

258 x 258 x 215 x 160

258 x 258 x 215 x 160

260 x 215 x 210 x 110

G114 01

G114 02

G114 02A

G114 04

Cat. no.Material

25.00

2.10

11.50

2.60

concrete

plastic pit with hardened cover

Weightkg

Dimensionslength x width x height x depthmm

cat. no. G114 01

cat. no. G114 02

cat. no. G114 04

cat. no. G114 02A

Inspection pit earth bar for plastic pits G114 02 and G114 04Pits number: G114 02 and G114 04 can be equipped with equipotential earth bar enables

connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. Earth bar fit into the slots provided in the inspection pit. cat. no. G114 06

www.galmar.pl26


Insulating tape for wrapping underground joints – Denso typeDenso tape protects underground connections from soil and electrochemical corrosion

30

50

G103 55

G103 56

Cat. no.Lengthm

0.58

0.93

10

10

Weightkg

Widthmm

Protective shieldThermoshrinkable shield protects from access of damp to connection.

Protective sleeveWhen galvanized tape is connected to copper or to copper plated element buried underground,

this sleeve is to protect galvanized tape from electrochemical corrosion.

cat. no. G112 01

Hammer for earth rod drivingElectric percussive hammer – GSH 11 E BOSCH with SDS-Max fastening for driving rods

into ground. It is lightweight and enables driving down to great depths. Longer earth rods (more than 1.8 m) can be driven from ladder, and shorter just from ground.

cat. no. G103 58

cat. no. G103 54

Spray zincConnections of galvanized steel (e.g. tape) to copper-bonded steel (e.g. earth rod) made

by exothermic welding should be protected extra with spray zinc. To remove electrolytic cell, weld and 10 cm of earth rod should be covered.cat. no. G103 57

Oil hammer for earth rod driving Oil hammer let to drive Galmar earth rods even up to 30 m – mk1/TT ATLAS COPCO type.cat. no. G112 02

www.galmar.pl 27


cat. no. GA00 10

Earthing resistance and soil resistivity testersMegger earthing resistance testers produced by AVO are excellent. Characterized by top

technical parameters, Megger is very well adjusted to difficult real field conditions. Fully au-tomation causes that incorrect reading is not possible. The instrument checks the conditions that may cause an improper reading during a test.

cat. no. GA00 03

Megger DET3TD– 2 and 3 point testing,– selectable 25 V or 50 V output,– complete with lead and stake kit,– simple one button operation,– hardwearing carry case,– delivered with calibration certificate,– IP54 rated.

Megger DET4TCR2– 2, 3 and 4 point testing at the turn of a switch,– attached Rod Technique (ART) enabled,– stakeless measurements enabled,– user selectable test frequency,– simple one button operation,– automatic circuit checking,– rechargeable,– user selectable output voltage,– backlit display,– weather and dust proof to IP54.

Megger DET4TD2– 2, 3 and 4 point testing at the turn of a switch,– attached Rod Technique (ART) enabled,– stakeless measurements enabled,– user selectable test frequency,– simple one button operation,– automatic circuit checking,– rechargeable,– user selectable output voltage, – backlit display,– weather and dust proof to IP54. cat. no. GA00 11

cat. no. GA00 12

Megger DET2/2– high resolution – 1 m – ideal for large earthing systems,– high accuracy for earth electrode and soil resistivity testing,– test voltage 50 V max. for safety,– rechargeable battery power with long battery life and rapid re-charge,– a robust, versatile instrument with IP54 protection,– filter and high current features to enable valid earth testing in difficult situations.

www.galmar.pl28

cat. no. GN00 02

cat. no. G107 03

cat. no. G106 11

Plate – earthingSignal plate, determinate plate installed earth electrode. Plate made of sheet aluminum,

powder painting. Dimensions 150 x 150 mm.

Acid-base indicator/soil pHA set for measuring soil pH allows to check the soil reaction which helps to choose the

proper material for particular (given) conditions.

Copper thickness gaugeGauge to measure thickness of the metal coating without destroying the coat. Thickness

range: 0-1999 µm.


Earth electrodesEarth electrodes for earthing resistance and soil resistivity measuring devices. Electrodes

are made of galvanized steel. Dimensions: length 600 mm, diameter 16 mm.cat. no. G106 12

GMRU-200GMRU-200 is the only meter in the market which uses all measurement methods. Possible

measurements:– earth resistance measurment with 2-pole, 3-pole, 4-pole method,– impulse earth resistance measurement, two kinds of measuring impulse 4/10 µs,

10/350 µs,– earth resistance measurement without disconnecting measured earths (using clamp),– two clamps earth resistance measurement without auxiliary test probs,– earth resistirity measurement,– continuity measurement,– leakage current measurement.cat. no. GA000 15

www.galmar.pl 29

Galmar Resistivity

a) cat. no. G107 01b) cat. no. G107 02

Galmar Resistivity Galmar Resistivity is fine powder which increases surface area of earth electrode thus

reducing resistance to earth.Galmar Resistivity is available in two versions:

a) mixed with cement,b) without cement – needs to be mixed with Portland cement before using in following proportion: Galmar Resistivity : cement 3 : 1

www.galmar.pl30

Conductors

Green & yellow PVC insulated copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. UV stabilized PVC

25 x 3 G110 23

Cat. no.

0.79

Weight*kg/m

X x Ymm

PVC insulated copper

Material

Copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. Sale unit is kilogram

20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 6

30 x 2

40 x 4

50 x 3

50 x 6

G110 02(100M)

G110 03(25M)

G110 03(50M)

G110 11(20M)

G110 11(50M)

G110 12(40M)

G110 65(40M)

G110 18(40M)

G110 20(40M)

G110 22(20M)

Cat. no.

100

25

50

20

50

40

40

40

40

20

Standard coil sizem

X x Ymm

0.53

0.67

0.67

0.90

0.90

1.33

0.53

1.42

1.33

2.68

Weight*kg/m

copper

Material

Copper-bonded steel tapeSteel tape is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm. Copper coating protects against corrosion throughout the tens of years. Sale unit is kilogram

X x Ymm

Cat. no.

20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 3.5

30 x 4

40 x 4

60

40

30

30

30

20

0.50

0.62

0.82

0.90

0.98

1.32

G110 72(60M)

G110 73(40M)

G110 74(30M)

G110 78(30M)

G110 75(30M)

G110 81(20M)

Material Weight*kg/m

Standard coil sizem

steel copper bonded


* the tolerance of weight ±5%



Tinned copper-bonded steel tapeSteel tape is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm and tin. Tin protective coating increases the corrosion resistance in every kind of agresive soil and also protects against theft. Sale unit is kilogram

X x Ymm

Cat. no.

20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 3.5

30 x 4

40 x 4

60

40

30

30

30

20

0.50

0.62

0.82

0.90

0.98

1.32

G110 91(60M)

G110 92(40M)

G110 93(30M)

G110 94(30M)

G110 95(30M)

G110 96(20M)


Standard coil sizem

tinned copper bonded steel,

copper thickness

min. 0.070 mm


www.galmar.pl 31

12.5 x 1.5

25 x 3

25 x 6

30 x 2

G110 24

G110 25

G110 26

G110 57

Cat. no.

0.17

0.67

1.33

0.53

Weight*kg/m

X x Ymm

Material

tinned copper

Tinned copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601, electrolytically tinned

15 x 1.4

25 x 3.5

G110 27

G110 28

Cat. no.

0.09

0.34

Weight*kg/m

X x Ymm

Material

copper

Flexible copper braidHigh conductivity copper wire. Suitable for earth bonding

Copper-bonded steel wireSteel wire is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm. Copper coating protects against corrosion throughout the tens of years. Sale unit is kilogram

acc. to order

20

60

80

20

50

0.41

0.63

Cat. no.

G111 49

G111 49(20M)

G111 49(60M)

G111 49(80M)

G111 50(20M)

G111 50(50M)


Standard coil sizem

steel copper bonded


Diametermm

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 10

∅ 10


Conductors



Tinned copper-bonded steel wireSteel wire is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm and tin. Tin protective coating increases the corrosion resistance in every kind of agresive soil and also protects against theft. Sale unit is kilogram

acc. to order

20

60

80

20

50

0.41

0.63

Cat. no.

G111 80

G111 80(20M)

G111 80(60M)

G111 80(80M)

G111 81(20M)

G111 81(50M)


Standard coil sizem

tinned copper bonded steel,

copper thickness

min. 0.070 mm

Diametermm

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 10

∅ 10


www.galmar.pl32

Stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor

6

16

25

35

50

70

95

120

150

185

G111 06

G111 07

G111 08

G111 09

G111 10

G111 11

G111 12

G111 13

G111 14

G111 15

Cat. no.Strandingquantity/mm

0.05

0.15

0.23

0.32

0.43

0.62

0.86

1.09

1.33

1.67

7/1.04

7/1.70

7/2.14

7/2.52

19/1.78

19/2.14

19/2.52

37/2.03

37/2.25

37/2.52

Weight*kg/m

Sizemm2

Material

copper

Copper wireHigh conductivity copper wire. Sale unit is kilogram

∅ 6

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

G111 02

G111 03

G111 03(20M)

G111 03(60M)

Cat. no.

0.25

0.45

Weight*kg/m

Diametermm

Material

copper

Standard coil sizem

acc. to order

acc. to order

20

60

Conductors

Green & yellow PVC covered stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC

16

25

35

50

70

95

120

150

185

240

300

400

G111 16

G111 17

G111 18

G111 19

G111 20

G111 21

G111 22

G111 23

G111 24

G111 25

G111 26

G111 27

Cat. no.Strandingquantity/mm

0.19

0.29

0.41

0.53

0.73

1.00

1.16

1.54

2.01

2.49

3.05

3.90

7/1.70

7/2.14

7/2.52

19/1.78

19/2.14

19/2.52

37/2.03

37/2.25

37/2.52

61/2.25

61/2.52

61/2.85

Weightkg/m

Sizemm2

Material




www.galmar.pl 33

Conductors

Hard drawn copper bar Hard drawn high conductivity copper bar supply in 3 meters length

25 x 3

25 x 6

38 x 6

50 x 6

50 x 10

75 x 6

50 x 6

G110 50

G110 51

G110 52

G110 53

G110 54

G110 55

G110 56

Cat. no.Type

2.10

4.10

6.40

8.10

13.40

12.40

8.20

bare hard drawn bar

tinned hard drawn bar

Weightkg

X x Ymm

Material

copper

Anti-vandal down conductor guardHot-dip galvanized steel guard to protect down conductor against destruction

2

3

G200 33A

G119 08

Cat. no.

1.22

2.90

Weightkg

Lengthm

Material

hot dip galvanized steel

PVC covered solid circular conductorHigh conductivity copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC

Conductor Colour range

copper

aluminium

G111 35

G111 36

G111 37

G111 38

G111 39

G111 40

G111 41

G111 42

G111 43

G111 44

Cat. no.

8

8

0.49

0.18

Weightkg/m

Diametermm

Material


PVC insulated aluminium

black

grey

stone

white

brown

black

grey

stone

white

brown

www.galmar.pl34

Air terminal mastsMast made of stainless steel with tip

Mast heightm

Material

stainless steel2

3

4

4.7

5.7

G211 01G

G211 02G

G211 03G

G211 04G

G211 05G

Cat. no.

wall/chimney

wall

3.4

4.8

10.0

13.8

14.8

Weightkg

Assembly

Clamp to fasten air terminal mast Set of two clamps fixed to the wall or chimney let to fasten the mast with tip. Made of stainless steel

Assembly Material

stainless steelwall

chimney

G212 01

G212 02

Cat. no.

14.7

7.4

Weightkg

Clamp to fasten down conductors to the mastOne clamp let to fasten 2 down conductors to the mast

cat. no. G200 22

cat. no. G200 23

Application Cat. no.

G200 22

G200 23

Material

stainless steel

small for masts 2, 3 & 4 m long

big for masts 4.7 & 5.7 m long

Weightkg

0.20

0.43

High air terminal mastsHigh air terminal masts, octagonal profile, free-standing on the foundation. It is made of hot galva-nized steel sections. Masts designed for I wind load zone (max. 20 m/s)

Mast height m

Cat. no.

G211 07

G211 08

G211 09

G211 10

G211 11

G211 12

G211 13

6

8

9

10

12

14

17

Wall thicknessmm

3

Diameter at the basemm

156

191

191

191

191

191

191

Weightkg

38

50

65

69

93

110

150

Foundation for high air terminal mastsFoundation equipped with bolts to fix the mast to the foundation

Name Cat. no.

G212 06

G212 07

G212 08

B 80

B 120

B 160

Mast heightm

6

8 14

17

Weightkg

110

250

450


Air terminals

www.galmar.pl 35

Multiple pointMultiple point – can be used at top of taper pointed air rod of dia. 16 mm

16 G115 22

Cat. no.Material

0.27copper

Weightkg

Rod diametermm

Taper pointed air rodTaper pointed air rods – made of solid copper. Rods of dia. 16 mm can be installed with multiple point

Rod lengthm

Material

copper0.5

1

0.5

1

2

G115 28

G115 29

G115 19

G115 20

G115 21

Cat. no.

10

10

16

16

16

0.37

0.72

0.73

1.51

3.00

Weightkg

Rod diametermm

Flat saddleBase for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on flat horizontal surfaces

Conductor sizemm

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10; tape 3 x 25

tape 3 x 25

G115 23M

G115 23

Cat. no.

1.03

0.35

Weightkg

Material

bronze

Ridge saddle for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on ridges

Conductor sizemm

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cutape 3 x 25 G115 25

Cat. no.

1.07

Weightkg

Material

bronze

Rod brackets for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on vertical surfaces

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu G115 73

Cat. no.

0.90

Weightkg

Material

bronze

Rod to tape coupling for air terminal of dia. 16 mm

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu G115 74

Cat. no.

0.25

Weightkg

Material

bronze

cat. no. G115 23cat. no. G115 23M


www.galmar.pl36

Base for air terminal of dia. 10 mm – enables to install air terminal on horizontal or vertical surfaces

Conductor diametermm

Base assembly

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu G115 26

G115 27

Cat. no.

0.30

Weightkg

Material

bronze∅ 6 10

∅ 6 10

vertical

horizontal

Roof holders

Roof holders for tiled roofsFastening holder on ridge tile. Depending on necessity holder on distance 15 mm or 30 mm can be screwed at any point of clamping ring


Cat. no.

St/Cu or Cu 180 280

180 280

180 280

180 280

G115 64A

G115 64M

G115 65A

G115 65M

Material/colour

steel galvanized and

enamel coated/brown

copper


enamel coated/brown

copper

Conductor material

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

Ring spacingmm

Weightkg

0.11

0.15

0.11

0.15

Distanceheightmm

15

15

30

30

Roof conductor holder with weatherproof rubber bushingSuitable for tiled, slated and corrugated sheet roofs. To fasten holder one have to screw sealing bushing in previously made hole. Required hole to fasten the holder – 12 mm


Cat. no.

St/Cu or Cu G117 37A

G117 37M

Material/colour

steel galvanized and enamel

coated/brown + rubber bushing

copper + rubber bushing

Conductor material

∅ 8

∅ 8

Weightkg

0.05

0.06

Clamp with rubber sealing for roofs covered with metal sheetAssembling to the roof construction with woodscrews 6 mm and minimal length 70 mm. Clamp is not completed with woodscrew


Cat. no.


G117 47M

Material/colour


coated/brown + rubber seal

copper + rubber seal

Conductor material

∅ 8

∅ 8

Weightkg

0.04

cat. no. G115 64A

cat. no. G115 65A


www.galmar.pl 37


Roof conductor holder for flat roofsRoof conductor holder – fastened by gluing to the roof

∅ 6

∅ 8

tape to 31 x 3

G117 10

G117 11

G117 13

Cat. no.Material

1.15plastic, concrete

Weightkg

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu

Clamping rings

Antenna mast clampingEnables connecting antenna mast to air terminals


Weightkg

St/Cu or Cu 1 3 0.05

Material

tinned copper/tinned brass

Conductor material

∅ 8

Mast diameterinch

Cat. no.

G116 14

Pipe bondsFor bonding to drainpipe, enables its connection to conductor. Bond made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel pipe


Cat. no.

St/Cu or Cu 50 200

50 200

G115 13

G115 14

Material

copper/brass

tinned copper/tinned brass

Conductor material

∅ 8

∅ 8

Pipe diametermm

Weightkg

0.07

Roof holder for universal useTo be fitted to roof surface, with preformed bending points for adapting to roof material. Usually fixed to the roof construction


Cat. no.

St/Cu or Cu 475

475

475

475

G115 68A

G115 68M

G115 71A

G115 71M

Distanceheightmm

15

15

30

30

Conductor material

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

Strip lengthmm

Weightkg

0.14

0.15

0.14

0.15

Material/colour

steel galvanized

and enamel

coated/brown

copper

steel galvanized

and enamel

coated/brown

copper

cat. no. G115 68A

cat. no. G115 71A

www.galmar.pl38

Tee clamp enables triangular connection of conductors


Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 02

Cat. no.

0.17

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Square tape clamp

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu25 x 3

25 x 6

50 x 6

G115 32

G115 34

G115 33

Cat. no.

0.23

0.42

0.98

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Plate type test clamp

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu 26 x 12 G115 86

Cat. no.

0.62

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Clamps

Multipurpose connecting clamp for universal useEnables cross, T and parallel connections of the conductors


Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

G115 51

G115 51A

G115 51M

Cat. no.

0.10

0.09

0.10

Weightkg

copper, copper bolt


enamel coated/brown

copper, stainless steel bolt

Material/colour

Square clamp (wire to wire)Clamp suitable for cross connection of down conductor with horizontal air terminal installed on roof


Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 10

Cat. no.

0.17

Weightkg

bronze

Material

cat. no. G115 51

cat. no. G115 51Mcat. no. G115 51A


www.galmar.pl 39


Heavy duty cast cable saddle for down conductor placed on the wall. Hole of dia. 6 mm enables to fix clamp to wall

Conductor sizemm

Conductor material

8

8

8

G115 07

G115 08

G115 06

Cat. no.

0.10

0.07

0.16

Weightkg

bronze∅ 6 10

25 x 3

50 x 6

St/Cu or Cu wire

St/Cu or Cu tape

MaterialDistancemm

Wall clamp for tapeAssembling to the wall with screws 6 mm. Clamp is not completed with screw

Conductor sizemm

Cat. no.


G117 51M

Material/colour


coated/brown

copper

Conductor material

30 x 4

30 x 4

Weightkg

0.04

Tape clip

20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

G115 76

G115 77

G115 78

Cat. no.

0.02

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu

PVC covered tape

Weightkg

Conductor sizemm

copper

Material

Screwdown test clamp

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu 26 x 8 G115 87

Cat. no.

0.84

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Square conductor clamp

Conductor sizemm2

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu50

70

95

G115 91

G115 92

G115 93

Cat. no.

0.32

0.29

0.25

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Holders, distance and fastening clampsBack plate holdfast stem increasing distance from wall clamps. For use with saddle (cat. no. G115 06, G115 07 and G115 08)

St/Cu or Cu G115 57

Cat. no.Material

0.30bronze

Weightkg

Conductor material

www.galmar.pl40

Wall clampAssembling to the wall with screws 6 mm and minimal length 70 mm. Clamp is not com-pleted with screw


Cat. no.

G117 03A

G117 03M

Material/colour


enamel coated/brown

copper

∅ 8

∅ 8

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu

Weightkg

0.03

0.04

Distanceheightmm

15

15

Test and disconnection clampsTest clamp for straight through joints. Enables to connect wire or tape to wire, both made of copper or copper-bonded steel. Not fastened to elevation

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cuwire ∅ 6 10,

tape 3 x 25

wire ∅ 6 10,

wire ∅ 6 10

G115 01

G115 09

Cat. no.

0.20

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Test joints

Test joint clamp wire to tapeClamp enables to connect wire to tape in straight line. Not fastened to elevation

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu wire ∅ 6 10,

tape up to 35

wire ∅ 8,

tape up to 35

wire ∅ 8,

tape up to 35

G115 62

G115 62A

G115 62M

Cat. no.

0.21

0.13

0.14

Weightkg

copper, copper bolts


coated, stainless steel bolts/brown

copper, stainless steel bolts

Material/colour

cat. no. G115 62A

cat. no. G115 62

Wall clamp to install down-conductor directly on elevation Assembling to the wall with screws 6 mm and minimal length 50 mm. Wall clamp let to install conductor in direct contact with wall. Clamp is not completed with screw


Cat. no.

G117 04A

G117 04M

Material/colour


coated/brown

copper

∅ 8

∅ 8

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu

Weightkg

0.03

0.04


www.galmar.pl 41


Oblong test or junction clamp

Conductor sizemm

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu 26 x 8 G115 36

Cat. no.

0.26

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Test clamp

Conductor sizemm2

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu50

70

95

G115 88

G115 89

G115 90

Cat. no.

0.39

0.40

0.40

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Test joint clamp tape to tapeClamp enables to connect tape to tape in straight line. Not fastened to elevation

Conductor sizemm

Cat. no.

G118 08A

G118 08

Material/colour




tape 35,

tape 35

tape 35,

tape 35

Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu

Weightkg

0.09

Test joint clamp wire to wireClamp enables to connect wire to wire in straight line. Not fastened to elevation


Cat. no.

G115 63A

G115 63M

Material/colour




wire ∅ 8,

wire ∅ 8

wire ∅ 8,

wire ∅ 8

Conductormaterial

St/Cu or Cu

Weightkg

0.13

0.14

www.galmar.pl42

Equipotential installation fittings

Flexible braid bondFlexible copper braid for bonding gates, doors, fences etc, in order to equalise potential. Holes diameter 11 mm

Width x thickness x lengthmm

25 x 3.5 x 400 G115 61

Cat. no.

0.15

Weightkg

Material

copper

Gutter clampEnables to connect conductor to gutter rim, connecting conductor through gutter clamp. Fastened by screwing down to gutter rim. Steel electrostatic painted clamp is dedicated to be fixed to plastic gutter. Clamp made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel gutter


Conductor material

For rims ofmm

16 22

16 22

16 22

16 22

G115 45

G115 45A

G115 45M

G116 06M

Cat. no.

0.14

0.11

0.13

0.13

Weightkg

copper, copper bolt


coated, stainless steel bolt/brown


tinned copper, stainless steel bolt

∅ 6 10

∅ 8

∅ 8

∅ 8

St/Cu or Cu

Material/colour

Saddle clamp to connect conductor to sheetSaddle clamp to connect conductor to sheet by lengthwise and crosswise conductor mounting. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness from 0.7 to 8 mm. Clamp made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel sheet


Conductor material

Clamping rangemm

0.7 8

0.7 8

0.7 8

G115 49

G115 49M

G116 09M

Cat. no.

0.11

Weightkg

copper, copper bolt


tinned copper, stainless steel bolt

∅ 6 10

∅ 8

∅ 8

St/Cu or Cu

Material

Clamps for connecting conductors to all types of metal structures and sheetsMetalwork bonding to connect conductors to all types of metal structures up to 13 mm thick. To fix clamp to metal structure should screw down bolts inside gripping jaw of clamp


St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 48

Cat. no.

0.37

Weightkg

bronze

MaterialConductor material

Saddle clamp to connect conductor to steelwork or sheet. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness or steelwork – from 1 to 12 mm


Conductor material

Clamping rangemm

0.7 8 G115 50

Cat. no.

0.23

Weightkg

bronze∅ 6 10 St/Cu or Cu

Material


www.galmar.pl 43


Equipotential earth barsEnables connection: two conductors dia. 7-10 mm (50 mm2) or one conductor of dia.

7-10 mm and one tape 30 x 3.5 mm, and seven copper conductors of 2.5-25 mm2.

cat. no. G119 03

cat. no. G119 01

Enables connection: seven conductors dia. 7-10 mm, and two of dia. 7-12 mm or tape 30 x 3.5 mm.

Enables connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. cat. no. G119 02

Bar with 16 holes 10.5 mm diameter, dimensions: 200 x 90 x 4 mm; on two insulators. cat. no. G119 02B

Earth points pre welded tails

Conductor size

as cat. no. G115 79 with 0.5 m long tail

of 70 PVC covered cablemm


of 70 mm PVC covered cable


of 70 mm PVC covered cable

2

2

2

G115 80

G115 82

G115 84

Cat. no.

0.56

0.84

0.84

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Tower earth clamp to bond conductor to steelwork with bolt of size M10. To fasten clamp to steelwork one should make hole for bolt


Conductor material

St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 16

Cat. no.

0.13

Weightkg

bronze

Material

Earth pointsIt is used to pass the down-conductor across the concrete construction

No. of M8 holes Conductor size

no front plate

25 x 3 mm or 70

25 x 3 mm or 8 mm dia.

no front plate

mm2

4

2

2

2

G115 79

G115 81

G115 83

G115 85

Cat. no.

0.41

0.44

0.44

0.28

Weightkg

bronze

Material

www.galmar.pl44

Additional elements

Aerial mast diverterAerial mast diverter to connect down conductor to aerial mast, protecting from atmospheric

discharges.

Lightning strikes countersCounter records the number of lightning strikes – lightning current impulses flowing through

the down conductor.cat. no. G200 24

Electronic counter records the number of lightning strikes – lightning current impulses flowing through the down-conductor.cat. no. G200 24A

cat. no. G200 19

Earth fastenerFastener of main equipotential cable of the building with earth lead-in rod. It is equipped with two porcelaine insulators. It is fixed directly to the wall

Cablemm2

35 70 G119 09

Cat. no.

0.31

Weightkg

150 x 45 x 70

Dimensionsmm


www.galmar.pl 45

Cable’s and rod’s terminalsTerminals for copper conductors and copper-bonded earth rods which shall be pressed on using the hydraulic press

Dimensions

cable size rod size inch

mm / 2

6

10

16

25

35

50

70

95

120/

150/

185/

240

12

58

34

/

/

/

G120 61

G120 62

G120 63

G120 64

G120 65

G120 66

G120 67

G120 68

G120 69

G120 70

G120 71

G120 72

diameter of thebolt hole mm

5.3

6.5

6.5

8.5

8.5

11

11

11

13

13

17

17

Terminalcat. no.

Material

copper

Galconnect system

„C” ClampClamp „C” should be pressed on the conductor using the hydraulic press

Dimensions

conductor Imm2

50

70

70

95

70

95

120

70

95

120

120

120

150

185

150

185

185

240

185

185

240

G120 41

G120 41

G120 41

G120 42

G120 42

G120 42

G120 43

G120 43

G120 43

G120 43

G120 43

G120 43

G120 44

G120 44

G120 44

G120 45

G120 45

G120 45

G120 45

G120 46

G120 46

conductor IImm2

50 35

70 25

50 16

35 10

70 25

95 25

50 10

70 35

95 25

70 16

70 10

120 35

95 25

70 16

150 70

185 50

150 35

120 16

185 95

185 70

240 35

Clampcat. no.

Material

copper

www.galmar.pl46

Cable’s jointsCable’s joints which shall be pressed on conductor using the hydraulic press

Dimensions

size mm2

6

10

16

25

35

50

70

95

120

150

185

240

G120 73

G120 74

G120 75

G120 76

G120 77

G120 78

G120 79

G120 80

G120 81

G120 82

G120 83

G120 84

internal diametermm

3.8

4.5

5.5

7

8.2

10

11.5

13.5

15.5

17

19

21.5

Jointcat. no.

Material

copper

High-speed press PHRN-46There was applied the accelerated lost motion of the working frame piston. Thanks to this

one can work quickly and efficiently. Several swinging motions provide quick movement of the frame’s piston what is necessary to do the work.

Application: – pressing ends of conductors of 16-300 mm2 and ends of earthing rods of dia. 1/2”, 5/8”,

3/4”,– pressing clamps „C” type,– joining conductors in cable’s joints,– cutting of tapes, angle bars, rods using the head GP-6,– making holes in bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the head GD-6,– bending bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the bender.

Technical data:– weight: 14.4 kg,– pressure force: 200 kN (20 T),– cables range: 16-300 mm2.cat. no. G120 00

Head GP-6 for conductor cuttingHead GP-6 is used to cut bus bars and flat bars up to 8 mm thick, bus bars Cu and Al

up to 12 mm thick and steel rods up to 12 mm dia. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46.cat. no. G120 01

Galconnect system

www.galmar.pl 47

Galconnect system

Bender for bus bars Al, Cu and steel flat bars Bender is used to bend Al and Cu bus bars up to 100 mm width and up to 10 mm thick

and steel flat bars up to 60 mm width and up to 8 mm thick. Bending range: 180O, 90O. Bender is helpful when the power substation is modernized or out of order. The bender is the accessory for press PHRN-46.

Head GD-6 to make holesHead GD-6 is used to make holes in aluminium main bus bars of the power substations

and steel flat bars (tapes). The head is opened what helps to make holes easily up to 13 mm dia., in steel bus bars and flat bars up to 6 mm thick. For special order we supply punches and die blocks to make holes of dia.: 6.5; 9; 11; 13; 17 mm. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46.

cat. no. G120 02

cat. no. G120 03

www.galmar.pl48

Galmarweld system

Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to connect metals of different electroche-mical potentials (Zn, Cu, Fe).Installation guide and additional information on the page 70.

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 250

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 250

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.250

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.250

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.200

0.300

0.300

GBR2 142203

GBR2 142223

GBR2 142253

GBR2 142254

GBR2 142304

GBR2 142404

GBR2 142506

GBR2 172203

GBR2 172223

GBR2 172253

GBR2 172404

GBR2 172505

GBR2 172506

GBR2 142203S

GBR2 142223S

GBR2 142253S

GBR2 142254S

GBR2 142304S

GBR2 142404S

GBR2 142506S

GBR2 172203S

GBR2 172223S

GBR2 172253S

GBR2 172404S

GBR2 172505S

GBR2 172506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60

connection with copper or zinc coated tape

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

connection with copper bonded tape

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Rod to bus bar connectionsCross connection where bus bar is positioned on the threaded rod

Note: When connecting galvanized tape to copper-bonded earth rod both the welding and 10 cm of rod should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).

www.galmar.pl 49

Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread parallel to earth rod

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

GBR3 142203

GBR3 142223

GBR3 142253

GBR3 142254

GBR3 142304

GBR3 142404

GBR3 142505

GBR3 142506

GBR3 172223

GBR3 172253

GBR3 172254

GBR3 172304

GBR3 172404

GBR3 172505

GBR3 172506

GBR3 142203S

GBR3 142223S

GBR3 142253S

GBR3 142254S

GBR3 142304S

GBR3 142404S

GBR3 142505S

GBR3 142506S

GBR3 172223S

GBR3 172253S

GBR3 172254S

GBR3 172304S

GBR3 172404S

GBR3 172505S

GBR3 172506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60


14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl50

Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar perpendicularly (welding on thread)

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.200

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.200

GBR7 128203

GBR7 128254

GBR7 128304

GBR7 128404

GBR7 142203

GBR7 142254

GBR7 142304

GBR7 142404

GBR7 172203

GBR7 172254

GBR7 172304

GBR7 172404

GBR7 128203S

GBR7 128254S

GBR7 128304S

GBR7 128404S

GBR7 142203S

GBR7 142254S

GBR7 142304S

GBR7 142404S

GBR7 172203S

GBR7 172254S

GBR7 172304S

GBR7 172404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 51

Galmarweld system

Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar parallel (welding on thread)

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

GBR9 128203

GBR9 128254

GBR9 128304

GBR9 128404

GBR9 142203

GBR9 142254

GBR9 142304

GBR9 142404

GBR9 172203

GBR9 172254

GBR9 172304

GBR9 172404

GBR9 128203S

GBR9 128254S

GBR9 128304S

GBR9 128404S

GBR9 142203S

GBR9 142254S

GBR9 142304S

GBR9 142404S

GBR9 172203S

GBR9 172254S

GBR9 172304S

GBR9 172404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

www.galmar.pl52

Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread perpendicular to earth rod

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

GBR17 128203

GBR17 128254

GBR17 128304

GBR17 128404

GBR17 142203

GBR17 142254

GBR17 142304

GBR17 142404

GBR17 172203

GBR17 172254

GBR17 172304

GBR17 172404

GBR17 128203S

GBR17 128254S

GBR17 128304S

GBR17 128404S

GBR17 142203S

GBR17 142254S

GBR17 142304S

GBR17 142404S

GBR17 172203S

GBR17 172254S

GBR17 172304S

GBR17 172404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 53

Galmarweld system

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.300

GBR18 142203

GBR18 142223

GBR18 142253

GBR18 142254

GBR18 142304

GBR18 142404

GBR18 142505

GBR18 142506

GBR18 172223

GBR18 172253

GBR18 172254

GBR18 172304

GBR18 172404

GBR18 172505

GBR18 172506

GBR18 142203S

GBR18 142223S

GBR18 142253S

GBR18 142254S

GBR18 142304S

GBR18 142404S

GBR18 142505S

GBR18 142506S

GBR18 172223S

GBR18 172253S

GBR18 172254S

GBR18 172304S

GBR18 172404S

GBR18 172505S

GBR18 172506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60


14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread perpendicular to earth rod, two ends of bus bars welded to rod

www.galmar.pl54

Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread parallel to earth rod

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.200

GBR19 128203

GBR19 128254

GBR19 128304

GBR19 128404

GBR19 142203

GBR19 142254

GBR19 142304

GBR19 142404

GBR19 172203

GBR19 172254

GBR19 172304

GBR19 172404

GBR19 128203S

GBR19 128254S

GBR19 128304S

GBR19 128404S

GBR19 142203S

GBR19 142254S

GBR19 142304S

GBR19 142404S

GBR19 172203S

GBR19 172254S

GBR19 172304S

GBR19 172404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2


12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

Rod to conductor connectionsWeld on the top of the rod

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

∅ 8 mm

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 90

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

0.090

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

GCR1 142∅8

GCR1 142S25

GCR1 142S50

GCR1 142S70

GCR1 142S95

GCR1 142S120

GCR1 172∅8

GCR1 172S25

GCR1 172S50

GCR1 172S70

GCR1 172S95

GCR1 172S120

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm

Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 55

Galmarweld system

Cross connection (conductor positioned horizontally)

12.8

12.8

12.8

12.8

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 50 mm2

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 50 mm2

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 50 mm2

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

GCR3 128∅6

GCR3 128∅8

GCR3 128S16

GCR3 128S50

GCR3 142∅6

GCR3 142∅8

GCR3 142S16

GCR3 142S50

GCR3 172∅6

GCR3 172∅8

GCR3 172S16

GCR3 172S50

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

17.2

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

GCR2 142∅6

GCR2 142∅8

GCR2 142S16

GCR2 142S25

GCR2 142S50

GCR2 142S70

GCR2 142S95

GCR2 142S120

GCR2 172∅6

GCR2 172∅8

GCR2 172S16

GCR2 172S25

GCR2 172S50

GCR2 172S70

GCR2 172S95

GCR2 172S120

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Rod diametermm


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

„T” connection rod to conductor (connection on the thread)

www.galmar.pl56

Bus bar to bus bar connectionsBus bars frontal connection

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 250

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 250

0.045

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.045

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.250

GBB1 203

GBB1 223

GBB1 253

GBB1 254

GBB1 304

GBB1 404

GBB1 505

GBB1 506

GBB1 203S

GBB1 223S

GBB1 253S

GBB1 254S

GBB1 304S

GBB1 404S

GBB1 505S

GBB1 506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Bus bar Isizemm

Bus bar IIsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

connection of copper or zinc coated tapes

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

connection of copper bonded tapes

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

Bus bars „T” connection

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 250

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 250

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.250

GBB3 203203

GBB3 223223

GBB3 253253

GBB3 254254

GBB3 304304

GBB3 404404

GBB3 505505

GBB3 506506

GBB3 203203S

GBB3 223223S

GBB3 253253S

GBB3 254254S

GBB3 304304S

GBB3 404404S

GBB3 505505S

GBB3 506506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

Bus bar Isizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

Bus bar IIsizemm


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 57

Galmarweld system

Cross connection (connection with partial cover of the connection of two uncut tapes)

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 150

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.150

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.150

GBB41 203203

GBB41 254254

GBB41 304304

GBB41 404404

GBB41 203203S

GBB41 254254S

GBB41 304304S

GBB41 404404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Bus bar Isizemm

Bus bar IIsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4


20 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

Frontal connection

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 200

GFF 250

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 200

GFF 250

0.045

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.200

0.250

0.045

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.200

0.250

GBB7 203

GBB7 223

GBB7 253

GBB7 254

GBB7 304

GBB7 404

GBB7 505

GBB7 506

GBB7 203S

GBB7 223S

GBB7 253S

GBB7 254S

GBB7 304S

GBB7 404S

GBB7 505S

GBB7 506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

Bus bar Isizemm

Bus bar IIsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.80

1.80

1.40

1.40

1.40

3.60

3.60

1.40

1.80

1.80

1.40

1.40

1.40

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

2.60

2.60


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 GFF 150

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.150

0.200

0.300

GBB40 253253

GBB40 254254

GBB40 304304

GBB40 253253S

GBB40 254254S

GBB40 304304S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

Bus bar Isizemm

Bus bar IIsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.86

1.86

3.60

1.86

1.86

3.60

1.30

1.30

2.60

1.30

1.30

2.60


25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4


25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

Cross connection (connection with complete cover of two tapes where one is cut)

www.galmar.pl58

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GCC1∅8∅8

GCC1∅10∅10

GCC1∅12∅12

GCC1 S16S16

GCC1 S25S25

GCC1 S50S50

GCC1 S70S70

GCC1 S95S95

GCC1 S120S120

weightkg

Powder

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 32

GFF 32

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

Conductor Isize

Conductor IIsize cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.032

0.032

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.115

Conductor to conductor connectionsFrontal conductors connection

Horizontal conductors “T” connection

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

S 120 mm2

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GCC2∅8∅8

GCC2∅10∅10

GCC2 S120∅12

GCC2 S16S16

GCC2 S25S25

GCC2 S50S25

GCC2 S50S50

GCC2 S70S25

GCC2 S70S50

GCC2 S70S70

GCC2 S95S25

GCC2 S95S50

GCC2 S95S70

GCC2 S95S95

GCC2 S120S50

GCC2 S120S70

GCC2 S120S95

GCC2 S120S120

weightkg

Powder

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 150

Conductor Isize


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

0.065

0.090

0.150

0.045

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.090

0.150

0.150

Cross connection (connection with complete cover of two uncut tapes)

30 x 4

30 x 4

GFF 200

GFF 200

GBB41CH 304304

GBB41CH 304304S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

Bus bar Isizemm

Bus bar IIsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30


30 x 4


30 x 4

0.200

0.200

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 59

Galmarweld system

Horizontal to horizontal circular conductor cross

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 120 mm2

GCC11∅6∅6

GCC11∅8∅8

GCC11 S16S16

GCC11 S50S50

GCC11 S120S120

weightkg

Conductor IIsize

Powder

GFF 65

GFF 150

GFF 45

GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

Conductor Isize cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.80

1.40

1.50

1.80

0.065

0.150

0.045

0.150

0.300

∅ 6 mm

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 120 mm2

Horizontal conductors cross connection (cut conductors)

∅ 8 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GCC4∅8∅8

GCC4∅12∅10

GCC4 S16S16

GCC4 S25S25

GCC4 S50S25

GCC4 S50S50

GCC4 S70S25

GCC4 S70S50

GCC4 S70S70

GCC4 S95S25

GCC4 S95S70

GCC4 S95S95

GCC4 S120S50

GCC4 S120S70

GCC4 S120S95

GCC4 S120S120

weightkg

Powder

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 65

GFF 45

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

Conductor Isize


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

0.090

0.115

0.065

0.045

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.200

0.200

Conductor to steel surface connectionConductor to steel plate connection (horizontal plate)

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.115

GCS1∅8

GCS1 S50

GCS1 S70

GCS1 S95

GCS1 S120

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

www.galmar.pl60

Conductor to steel plate connection (vertical plate)

∅ 8 mm

S 16 mm2

S 25 mm2

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 90

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 115

0.090

0.045

0.045

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.115

GCS3∅8

GCS3 S16

GCS3 S25

GCS3 S50

GCS3 S70

GCS3 S95

GCS3 S120

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

Conductor to tape connections „T” connection (vertical connection)

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

GFF 150

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.115

0.150

0.150

0.150

0.150

GCB2 223∅8

GCB2 223S50

GCB2 253∅8

GCB2 253S50

GCB2 254∅8

GCB2 254S50

GCB2 254S70

GCB2 304∅8

GCB2 304S50

GCB2 304S70

GCB2 404∅8

GCB2 404S70

GCB2 404S95

GCB2 505S95

GCB2 505S120

GCB2 506S95

GCB2 506S120

GCB2 223∅8S

GCB2 223S50S

GCB2 253∅8S

GCB2 253S50S

GCB2 254∅8S

GCB2 254S50S

GCB2 254S70S

GCB2 304∅8S

GCB2 304S50S

GCB2 304S70S

GCB2 404∅8S

GCB2 404S70S

GCB2 404S95S

GCB2 505S95S

GCB2 505S120S

GCB2 506S95S

GCB2 506S120S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Tape sizemm


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 61

Galmarweld system

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 12 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 45

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.090

0.090

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.090

0.090

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.150

GCB4 223∅8

GCB4 223S50

GCB4 253∅8

GCB4 253S50

GCB4 254∅8

GCB4 254S50

GCB4 254S70

GCB4 304∅8

GCB4 304S50

GCB4 304S70

GCB4 404∅8

GCB4 404∅12

GCB4 404S70

GCB4 404S95

GCB4 505S95

GCB4 505S120

GCB4 506S95

GCB4 506S120

GCB4 223∅8S

GCB4 223S50S

GCB4 253∅8S

GCB4 253S50S

GCB4 254∅8S

GCB4 254S50S

GCB4 254S70S

GCB4 304∅8S

GCB4 304S50S

GCB4 304S70S

GCB4 404∅8S

GCB4 404∅12S

GCB4 404S70S

GCB4 404S95S

GCB4 505S95S

GCB4 505S120S

GCB4 506S95S

GCB4 506S120S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Tape sizemm


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6

„T” connection (horizontal connection)

www.galmar.pl62

Tape to conductor „T” connection

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

∅ 10 mm

S 50 mm2

S 70 mm2

∅ 8 mm

S 70 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

S 95 mm2

S 120 mm2

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 200

GFF 200

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.150

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.200

0.200

0.200

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.150

0.090

0.115

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.200

0.200

0.200

GCB5 223∅8

GCB5 223S50

GCB5 253∅8

GCB5 253S50

GCB5 254∅8

GCB5 254S50

GCB5 254S70

GCB5 304∅8

GCB5 304∅10

GCB5 304S50

GCB5 304S70

GCB5 404∅8

GCB5 404S70

GCB5 404S95

GCB5 505S95

GCB5 505S120

GCB5 506S95

GCB5 506S120

GCB5 223∅8S

GCB5 223S50S

GCB5 253∅8S

GCB5 253S50S

GCB5 254∅8S

GCB5 254S50S

GCB5 254S70S

GCB5 304∅8S

GCB5 304∅10S

GCB5 304S50S

GCB5 304S70S

GCB5 404∅8S

GCB5 404S70S

GCB5 404S95S

GCB5 505S95S

GCB5 505S120S

GCB5 506S95S

GCB5 506S120S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Tape sizemm


Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6


22 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

25 x 4

25 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 5

50 x 6

50 x 6

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 63

Galmarweld system

Note: Above connection types are exemplifications. In case of different types required, please contact our sales office.

Bus bur to horizontal steel plate connection

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 150

GFF 200

2 x GFF 150

2 x GFF 150

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.090

0.150

0.200

0.300

0.300

GBS2 203

GBS2 223

GBS2 253

GBS2 254

GBS2 304

GBS2 404

GBS2 505

GBS2 506

GBS2 203S

GBS2 223S

GBS2 253S

GBS2 254S

GBS2 304S

GBS2 404S

GBS2 505S

GBS2 506S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 107

GFF 107

Bus bursizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

3.60

3.60

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6


20 x 3

22 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

50 x 5

50 x 6

Bus bur to steel surface connectionBus bur to vartical steel plate connection

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 200

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 200

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.200

0.065

0.090

0.090

0.115

0.200

GBS1 203

GBS1 253

GBS1 254

GBS1 304

GBS1 404

GBS1 203S

GBS1 253S

GBS1 254S

GBS1 304S

GBS1 404S

weightkg

weightkg

Powder Clamp

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

GFF 106

Bus barsizemm

cat. no. cat. no.

Mold

weightkg

cat. no.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30


20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4


20 x 3

25 x 3

25 x 4

30 x 4

40 x 4

www.galmar.pl64

Handle clampHadle clamps used to close the mold for welding process.

cat. no. GFF 106cat. no. GFF 107

Flint gunFlint gun is used to ignite the starting powder. cat. no. GFF 108

Cleaning accesories for weldingSoft brush – clean mold after welding process.Steel brush – clean metal parts to be connected before welding process.Crucible cleaner – cleaning tool for mold after welding process.cat. no. GFF 109

Note: The producer reserves the right to introduce modifications to products due to technological progress without prior notice.

Weld metal powderPacked in plastic box, damp-proof, with steel plates

0.015

0.025

0.032

0.045

0.065

0.090

0.115

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.500

DescriptionWeightkg

Cat. no.

GFF 15

GFF 25

GFF 32

GFF 45

GFF 65

GFF 90

GFF 115

GFF 150

GFF 200

GFF 250

GFF 500

weld metal powder

Galmarweld system

www.galmar.pl 65

Lightning protection – theory

Directions for designing an effective lightning protection

The design of lightning protection instal-lation must be started with defining the risk level. As soon as the protection level is de-termined, we can proceed to specifying zones of protection for protected facilities which must be done according to the following stan-dards: BS 6651, IEC 62305. The standards provide three methods of determining zones of protection that we can use by keeping to dimensions shown on Tab. 1 and Fig. 2. They include: mesh size method, protective angle method, rolling sphere method.

Protectionlevel

hm

Efficiencyof the protection%

I

II

III

IV

20

30

45

60

25

35

45

55

*

25

35

45

*

*

25

35

*

*

*

25

98

95

90

80

20αO

Meshsizem

5 x 5

10 x 10

10 x 10

20 x 20

Rm

30αO

45αO

60αO

* in this case apply rolling sphere and mesh method only

Tab. 1 Positioning of air termination according to protection level

In order to reduce the possibility of dangerous sparking, the down conductors are to be arranged to assure conductive connections from point of strike to earth, in such a way that: several parallel paths of lightning current exists (Tab. 2 and Fig. 3) and the length of the current paths is kept to minimum. The distance between conductors depends on the protection level and there-fore these values should not be exceeded. The down conductors shall assure direct continuation of the air termination conduc-tors distributed around perimeter of space to be protected. The average value of the distance between them is not higher than values indicated Tab. 2 and Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Minimal distance between down con-ductors for individual protection levels

d d

d

Fig. 2 Protection zones determined by prote-ctive angle and rolling sphere methods

h

R

protected space

α

Building industry

Atmospheric discharge – riskAll over the world for hundreds of years

people have been trying to protect them-selves and their property from dangerous atmospheric phenomena. Although not everywhere are these atmospheric pheno-mena equally intense, but the potential danger is always real. One of the biggest perils is posed by atmospheric discharge. In the world one atmospheric discharge takes place on the average every three seconds. Atmospheric discharge is a consequence of accumulation of electric charges in a storm cloud. The moment the threshold voltage is exceeded, discharges start to develop inside the storm cloud, between storm clouds of opposite potentials or between such a clo-ud and the earth surface. In the last case we talk about a strike to earth in a form of a branched spark with the length of a few to a few dozens of kilometers. Possible cloud to ground flashes are shown in Fig. 1. There are: direct strike to a structure or to air termination system (a), direct strike to the incoming overhead line or services (b), nearby strike to the incoming line or into earth (b), nearby strike to the adjacent object or into earth (c).

Fig. 1 Possible lightning strikes: a) direct strike, b) nearby strike to the power line, c) nearby strike to the adjacent object or earth

Tab. 2 Minimal distance between down conductors for individual protection levels, according to IEC

Protectionlevel

Distance (d)m

I

II

III

IV

10

15

20

25

www.galmar.pl66

At least two down conductors are nece-ssary in all cases. In tall structures down conductors shall be interconnected by means of horizontal ring conductors near ground level and by further rings at 20 m intervals vertically (Fig. 4).

In order to ensure safety, suitable distan-ces must be kept between down conductors and places attended by people. Intervals: from a building entrance, passages for people and metal enclosures must be more than 2 meters. If this provision cannot be fulfilled, a protecting pipe must be applied (Fig. 6).

Earth termination system shall disperse lightning current into earth without causing dangerous voltages. The more important is shape and dimensions of the earth termi-nation system than specific values of earth electrode resistance. However in general, a low earth resistance is recommended and required according to national regulations.

According to IEC standard earth electro-des are classified in two basic types:type A – minimum two radial horizontal

earth electrodes, each of length l1 5 m

or two vertical (inclined) electrodes of minimum length 0.5 l

1,

type B – interconnected reinforcing steel of concrete (foundation earth electrode should be always used) or external ring earth electrode for which mean radius r of area enclosed shall be not less than the value l

1, (r l

1). If r < l

1, additional

horizontal electrodes of length lr = l

1 – r

or vertical electrodes of length lv = 0.5

(l1 – r) are required.

The minimum required lengths of earth electrodes are shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 6 Required distances from places attended by people, according to IEC

In compliance with international standard IEC the down conductor installation must assure required intervals both between holders and between a given conductor and a building’s façade. Intervals between hol-ders should be not bigger than 1 m. And the necessary interval from the façade depends on the material it is made of. If the façade’s material is non-flammable or slow burning, the conductor can be placed directly on or only a small distance from the façade. For easy burning materials the interval of 10 cm must be kept (Fig. 5).

1.0 m

non-

nfam

mab

eor

non

-fam

mab

e ba

ss

fam

mab

e ba

ss

1.0 m

0.1 m

Fig. 5 Minimal distance from façade, accor-ding to IEC

Fig. 7 Minimum length l1 of earth electrodes

according to protection levels

Fig. 4 Design of high apartment building with horizontal ring conductors

Power industry

Earthing systems for substationRequirements for earthing:

– working earth – keeping the required resi-stance value not exceeding acceptable by suitable regulation,

– lightning earth – earthing resistance should not exceed 10 ,

– protective earth – protection of human health on the substation area and sur-roundings; limits voltage of earthing what guarantees correct work of surge arres-ters and isolation of devices connected with areas not covered by earthing system,

– provides right heat, mechanical and corro-sion resistance of earthing elements,

– ensures equipotentialization, limiting overvoltages and their damaging influ-ence on secondary circuit and electronic devices.


www.galmar.pl 67


For designing lightning protection for electromagnetic installations the soil resi-stivity must be measured first. Wenner 4-electrodes is one of the soil resistivity measuring method (Fig. 8). The resistivity is calculated on the ground of the distance between electrodes and the resistance read from the meter from formula 1.

Fig. 8 Wenner 4-electrodes method of measuring of soil resistivity

The earthing installation is based on a grid made of copper tape (Fig. 9) where the size of a mesh depends on short-circuit currents. The resistance of a mesh is cal-culated from formula 2. In order to clear from any influence of climatic conditions (differences in humidity and temperature in different seasons of the year) vertical earth rods must be applied (like in Figure 10 indicated by „g”) on the circumference of the grid and additionally at the junction of earthing conductors of overhead lines with the earthing grid and at overvoltage arresters.

= 2aR (1) – soil resistivitya – distance between electrodesR – resistance showed by measuring device

Fig. 9 View of artificial earthing system for substation

Fig. 10 15 kV substation earthing grid

Earthing systems for overhead power linesEarthing systems construction:

– lightning earth – earth ring made of tape with vertical earth rods marked by „g” or with additional radial earth conductors,

– protective earth – consists of earth rings, where every next ring is dug deeper. Earth ring should be completed with vertical rods (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11 Earthing protection for high voltage transmission lines

Similarly to the case of substation, the vertical rods should be at least 3 m long (Fig. 12).

Fig. 12 View of artificial earthing system for high voltage transmission lines

Telecommunications

In recent years we have been witnessing an intense expansion of facilities which operation bases on electronic circuits cha-racterized by high sensitivity to any type of overvoltage. Just a perfect example for this is the entire telecommunications industry that so strongly requires a very high level of protection from interferences related to atmospheric discharge. All designing principles referring to lightning protection should be also applied to telecommunications facilities. When starting to design a protection installa-tion, we must first determine the lightning strike risk coefficient for a given facility.

(2)

– soil resistivityS – substation area

www.galmar.pl68

The limitations related to the level of protection are a consequence of the need to ensure appropriate safety of sensitive appliances as well as human health and life. For determining the protection zones any of the three methods can be used: mesh size method, protective angle method and rolling sphere method. Suitable ground wires and earthing conductors should be just enough to ensure safe drainage of charges origina-ting from a lightning strike in the shortest path down to the ground. It is possible to use a given facility’s metal construction in the assembly of the lightning protection installation provided the condition of electri-cal continuity of the entire construction is fulfilled. The lightning protection installation must be taken into consideration already at the stage of designing, and at the stage of building, when constructing the founda-tions, it must be remembered to use the foundation and hori-zontal earthing ring in compliance with the applicable standards. An example of such an installation has been presented in Fig. 13. Due to the very rich range of Galmar’s pro-ducts it is possible to build any, even the most complicated, lightning protection installation.

Fig. 13 Lightning protection for GSM base station with the metal tower


www.galmar.pl 69

Galmar products quality

Galmar earth rods

The Galmar earth rods are made of mole-cularly bonded 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon steel core. The steel core is a bar drawn up to the required diameter. Galmar rods have high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibroham-mers to great depths (even up to 35 meters). The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures the preservation of the earth rod in the soil for at least 30 years.

To ensure 30 years corrosion resistance, the steel earthing rods must be covered with copper of minimum thickness 0.250 mm and the steel conductors of minimum copper thickness 0.070 mm. Below tests show the need to maintain the parameters of earthing systems which are in accordance with European standards.

Copper thickness is different for vertical earthing rods and different for horizontal earthing ring conductors. It is measured by an electronic thickness gauge.

Main reason why the standards give the requirement for copper thickness 0.250 mm is the strength of copper layer during driving process. Vertical earthing rod is exposed for friction which can cause reduction of the copper thickness. Below test of hitting the rod fixed between vise jaws simula-te the conditions during driving the rod in the ground.

Copper-bonded steel conductors: earthing rod,tape, wire

Test of the copper adhesion in the vise

On the photos we can see the tests of two rods with different copper layer. After the test the rod with initial copper thickness 0.250 mm have the copper layer reduced to 0.163 mm. Second rod with initial copper thickness 0.118 mm after the test has the layer damaged and the steel core is expo-sed.Thats why only the rods with minimum copper layer exceeding 0.250 mm fulfill the requirements of the standards.

Based on the corrosion resistance test made in natural conditions one can find that the most important is to assure continuity of the copper jacket of thickness

0.250 mm for earthing rods and 0.070 mm for wires and tapes. Wires and tapes are not exposed for damages during driving in the ground. Thats why protective copper layer of thickness 0.070 mm is sufficient. Below we present the photos and the results of corrosion tests of copper-bon-ded and hot dip galvanized earthing rods and conductors. Tests performed according to standard EN 62561-2 have proved 6 times better corrosion resistance of copper-bonded tapes and wires than hot dip galvanized. The rate of the corrosion of hot dip galvanized earthing rods was 0.0481 mm/year and of copper-bonded only 0.009 mm/year.

a

b

c

Samples of the copper-bonded steel conductorsafter corrosion: a) earthing rod, b) tape, c) wire

Initial copper thickness d = 250 µm

Initial copper thickness d = 118 µm

www.galmar.pl70

Adherence of coating – is tested in order to check whether the coating has not a tendency to separation when the rod is driven into the ground. It is tested as follows. Pointed rod is being shoved between the vice jaws. Distance between jaws equals the rod diameter decreased by 1.2 mm. When the rod has been shoved, the vice jaws tear off the coating at points where they contact the rod, while the rest of its surface should not exfoliate. Such an adherence enables performing of thread with rolling technique, after copper bonding.

Plasticity of coating – is tested by bending the rod at 180 degre-es. Lack of cracks and exfoliation goes to show high quality of our product.

Our products have been examined and rece-ived positive opinions and certificates allowing their application in many parts of the world:– certificate of UL (Underwriters Laborato-

ries Inc. – USA) allowing the application of our earth rods on the vast majority of world markets,

– certificate of Warsaw Power Industry Institute,

– opinion of the Cable Network Develop-ment Institute that confirms that our earth rods meet the Standard of Polish Telecom no. ZN-95/TP S.A.-037/T and PN-T-45000-2,

– statement of PIMot concerning the co-rrosion resistance of the copper-bonded earth rods,

– expertise of Galmarweld connection strength – Warsaw University of Technology,

– report of Warsaw University of Tech-nology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering „Tests of corrosion resistance of copper-bonded steel tape and copper-bonded steel earthing rod”,

– report of Warsaw University of Technolo-gy, Faculty of Material Science and En-gineering Tests of corrosion resistance of steel earthing rods, covered with zinc and copper coatings,

– KEMA Quality B.V. tests report of copper- -bonded earthing rods.

Dependence of earth resistance upon drivingdepth

Our system of copper-bonded earth rods provides: a) low investment expenses, b) low exploitation costs.

It could seem that the advanced technology related to copper bonding of the earth rods would result in very high price of the installed earthing. But the practice indicates that the most expensive element of earthing is the cost of installation, not the material which the earthing is made of. Consequently, the cost of installed Galmar earthing is similar to, and in many cases lower than cost of systems used so far. Due to ability to join rods into as long sections as desired, we can drive the rod down to 30 meters to make it independent of any atmospheric conditions which cause increment of soil resistivity (frosts and dro-ughts), and at the same time an increase in the earth resistance.

Deep driving allows to achieve the requ-ired earth resistance with minimal number of earthing points. To obtain the same va-lue of resistance using short vertical rods, 6 meters or less, the earthing must be si-gnificantly extended and cover large area, what increases expenses many times. In urban areas, application of our vertical ear-thing rods eliminates problems connected with the need to remove asphalt or boulder pavements. The diagrams present the situation that has taken place in Zamość city, where 2 Ω of earth resistance have been achieved. As it shows, this value has been obtained by using Galmar rods, only

at one point, at the depth of 12 meters. When using the 3 meters deep rods, the required value has been obtained with 15 points.

Diagram presents application of Galmar rod,12 meters long (material: 1 piece x 12 metersof Galmar earthing)

Diagram presents application of steel earthrods and tape buried at depth 0.8 m (material:42 m of tape, 15 piece x 3 meters steel rods)

hot galvanized rod

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

time [years]

42

copper-bonded rod with coating 0.250 mm

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

% c

orro

sion rate of corrosion affecting

copper bonded rod equals 1/6of corrosion affecting steel.We reach that level by applyingvery tight copper coating

Corrosion of two kinds of rods in given periodsof time


www.galmar.pl 71


Galmarweld system – exothermic welding

The new way to connect two metals is an exothermic welding – Galmarweld. This me-thod allows welding copper to copper, copper to steel, copper to galvanized steel, metals with the same as well as different structures and is one of the best and permanent solu-tions. The Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to form electrical molecular bonds, highly resistant to corrosion which can be used for earthing, lightning, cathodic protection, railway traction’s, signalling, etc. This is a simple and fast method to obtain a permanent connection.

To make a connection you need a per-fectly made graphite mold and a cartridge with a special powder. You place the end of cleaned earth rod (Galmar rod), earthing conductor and special powder in the mold. After closing a lid, ignite starting powder with a flint gun from side sparking and the fusion reaction takes place which causes powder is molten first forming a liquid and then after cooling down a permanent connection.

As a result of the exothermic fusion reaction, the part of powder components is burnt so the cartridge mass left which forms a connection has over 95% of copper. The temperature for the spark ignition of pro-cess starter (phosphorus) is about 450OC.

The temperature for the ignition of copper/basic materials reaction is about 950OC. And finally, the temperature for exothermic process exceeds 2000OC.

Some tests were made for the series of welding connections at Warsaw University of Technology. The principle was to co nduct to each welded element: three current surges of the shape 8/20 µs and of the amplitude increased from 26 to 52 kA and two oscil-latory current surges of the maximum value

Result of Galmarweld: Galmar earth rod-tape

Exothermic welding reaction

Elements of Galmarweld system

Galmar Resistivity – lowering resistance to earth

Difficulties connected with making ear-thing installations in the ground where its resistivity is very high induced Galmar to introduce a new product. This product – in many cases – allows to solve such a pro-blem. Galmar Resistivity is a fine powder that increases the surface area of the ear-thing electrode thus reducing resistance to ground. Additionally, usage of this product lowers surge impedance significantly.

Due to the fact that application of Galmar Resistivity will cause the increase in the total cost of earthing installation, therefore it is recommended mainly in rocky soils where other methods are not effective. The graphs show the Galmar Resistivity influence on a change in resistance to earth. When a powder is used as a backfill for earth elec-trode it lowers both these parameters, and in case of earth resistance a drop comes even to 70%.

Galmar Resistivity is applicable to both vertical and horizontal earth electrodes. It can be installed as a dry powder surroun-ding the earthing electrode. Galmar Resisti-vity absorbs moisture from the soil and har-dens to become a solid conductive electrode. It may also be mixed with water and applied as a mortal if desired.

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 5 10 15 20

Galmar Resistivity electrodeof dia. 150 mm

Galmar Resistivity electrodeof dia. 75 mm

depth of earth electrode [m]

decr

ease

in e

arth

res

ista

nce

[%]

Average influence of Galmar Resistivity on changing vertical electrode resistance

Galmar Resistivity benefits:– provides ideal contact with the surrounding

soil on the whole electrode surface, – reduces resistance to earth even to

scores of percent, – lowers surge impedance, – reduces corrosion of earth electrode

significantly, – easy to install anywhere, – environmentally safe, – prevents earth electrode theft.

www.galmar.pl72

How to recognize original Galmar rods?

1. trade mark on the rod

2. thread rolled after copper-plating = thread diameter bigger than rod diameter

3. conical ends of the rod not covered with copper

ranging from 100 to 105 kA. The resistance for each welded connection was measured before and after the surge tests on the distan-ce along which a surge current was passed. The measured resistance value ranged from 0.26 m to 0.43 m, and was not changed under the surge current tests.

Considering the above, one can ascer-tain that:– the currents use for testing of the welding

connections were comparable (in 95% of cases) to real values of atmospheric discharge currents in respect of their shape and amplitude,

– in any of tested cases (three current surges 8/20 µs and of the amplitude 26-52 kA and two oscillatory current surges of the amplitudes 100-105 kA), no sparking occurred on the welds as well as no damages to the connections and no change in their resistance value,

– the connections made with a Galmarweld technology can be used to connect a light-ning protection to earth rods without any fear that could be destroyed by lightning discharge currents which in real condi-tions are usually dissipated on different parts of a lightning conductor (device).

Galmarweld welds advantages:– high current-carrying capacity,– high current surge resistance,– sparkless connections,– stable transition resistance,– high corrosion resistance,– good mechanical parameters,– short time to make a connection (up to

8 minutes),– lightweight necessary equipment (no

more than 3 kg),– no special skills to perform and no quali-

fications required.

3 ways of Galmar rods identifications:


www.galmar.pl 73

Index

GA00 03 27GA00 10 27GA00 11 27GA00 12 27GA00 15 28GBB1-203 56GBB1-203S 56GBB1-223 56GBB1-223S 56GBB1-253 56GBB1-253S 56GBB1-254 56GBB1-254S 56GBB1-304 56GBB1-304S 56GBB1-404 56GBB1-404S 56GBB1-505 56GBB1-505S 56GBB1-506 56GBB1-506S 56GBB3-203203 56GBB3-203203S 56GBB3-223223 56GBB3-223223S 56GBB3-253253 56GBB3-253253S 56GBB3-254254 56GBB3-254254S 56GBB3-304304 56GBB3-304304S 56GBB3-404404 56GBB3-404404S 56GBB3-505505 56GBB3-505505S 56GBB3-506506 56GBB3-506506S 56GBB7-203 57GBB7-203S 57GBB7-223 57GBB7-223S 57GBB7-253 57GBB7-253S 57GBB7-254 57GBB7-254S 57GBB7-304 57GBB7-304S 57GBB7-404 57GBB7-404S 57GBB7-505 57GBB7-505S 57GBB7-506 57GBB7-506S 57GBB40-253253 57GBB40-253253S 57GBB40-254254 57GBB40-254254S 57GBB40-304304 57GBB40-304304S 57GBB41-203203 57GBB41-203203S 57GBB41-254254 57GBB41-254254S 57GBB41-304304 57GBB41-304304S 57GBB41-404404 57GBB41-404404S 57GBB41CH-304304 58GBB41CH-304304S 58GBR2-142203 48GBR2-142203S 48GBR2-142223 48GBR2-142223S 48

GBR2-142253 48GBR2-142253S 48GBR2-142254 48GBR2-142254S 48GBR2-142304 48GBR2-142304S 48GBR2-142404 48GBR2-142404S 48GBR2-142506 48GBR2-142506S 48GBR2-172203 48GBR2-172203S 48GBR2-172223 48GBR2-172223S 48GBR2-172253 48GBR2-172253S 48GBR2-172404 48GBR2-172404S 48GBR2-172505 48GBR2-172505S 48GBR2-172506 48GBR2-172506S 48GBR3-142203 49GBR3-142203S 49GBR3-142223 49GBR3-142223S 49GBR3-142253 49GBR3-142253S 49GBR3-142254 49GBR3-142254S 49GBR3-142304 49GBR3-142304S 49GBR3-142404 49GBR3-142404S 49GBR3-142505 49GBR3-142505S 49GBR3-142506 49GBR3-142506S 49GBR3-172223 49GBR3-172223S 49GBR3-172253 49GBR3-172253S 49GBR3-172254 49GBR3-172254S 49GBR3-172304 49GBR3-172304S 49GBR3-172404 49GBR3-172404S 49GBR3-172505 49GBR3-172505S 49GBR3-172506 49GBR3-172506S 49GBR7-128203 50GBR7-128203S 50GBR7-128254 50GBR7-128254S 50GBR7-128304 50GBR7-128304S 50GBR7-128404 50GBR7-128404S 50GBR7-142203 50GBR7-142203S 50GBR7-142254 50GBR7-142254S 50GBR7-142304 50GBR7-142304S 50GBR7-142404 50GBR7-142404S 50GBR7-172203 50GBR7-172203S 50GBR7-172254 50GBR7-172254S 50GBR7-172304 50

GBR7-172304S 50GBR7-172404 50GBR7-172404S 50GBR9-128203 51GBR9-128203S 51GBR9-128254 51GBR9-128254S 51GBR9-128304 51GBR9-128304S 51GBR9-128404 51GBR9-128404S 51GBR9-142203 51GBR9-142203S 51GBR9-142254 51GBR9-142254S 51GBR9-142304 51GBR9-142304S 51GBR9-142404 51GBR9-142404S 51GBR9-172203 51GBR9-172203S 51GBR9-172254 51GBR9-172254S 51GBR9-172304 51GBR9-172304S 51GBR9-172404 51GBR9-172404S 51GBR17-128203 52GBR17-128203S 52GBR17-128254 52GBR17-128254S 52GBR17-128304 52GBR17-128304S 52GBR17-128404 52GBR17-128404S 52GBR17-142203 52GBR17-142203S 52GBR17-142254 52GBR17-142254S 52GBR17-142304 52GBR17-142304S 52GBR17-142404 52GBR17-142404S 52GBR17-172203 52GBR17-172203S 52GBR17-172254 52GBR17-172254S 52GBR17-172304 52GBR17-172304S 52GBR17-172404 52GBR17-172404S 52GBR18-142203 53GBR18-142203S 53GBR18-142223 53GBR18-142223S 53GBR18-142253 53GBR18-142253S 53GBR18-142254 53GBR18-142254S 53GBR18-142304 53GBR18-142304S 53GBR18-142404 53GBR18-142404S 53GBR18-142505 53GBR18-142505S 53GBR18-142506 53GBR18-142506S 53GBR18-172223 53GBR18-172223S 53GBR18-172253 53GBR18-172253S 53GBR18-172254 53GBR18-172254S 53

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GBR18-172304 53GBR18-172304S 53GBR18-172404 53GBR18-172404S 53GBR18-172505 53GBR18-172505S 53GBR18-172506 53GBR18-172506S 53GBR19-128203 54GBR19-128203S 54GBR19-128254 54GBR19-128254S 54GBR19-128304 54GBR19-128304S 54GBR19-128404 54GBR19-128404S 54GBR19-142203 54GBR19-142203S 54GBR19-142254 54GBR19-142254S 54GBR19-142304 54GBR19-142304S 54GBR19-142404 54GBR19-142404S 54GBR19-172203 54GBR19-172203S 54GBR19-172254 54GBR19-172254S 54GBR19-172304 54GBR19-172304S 54GBR19-172404 54GBR19-172404S 54GBS1-203 63GBS1-203S 63GBS1-253 63GBS1-253S 63GBS1-254 63GBS1-254S 63GBS1-304 63GBS1-304S 63GBS1-404 63GBS1-404S 63GBS2-203 63GBS2-203S 63GBS2-223 63GBS2-223S 63GBS2-253 63GBS2-253S 63GBS2-254 63GBS2-254S 63GBS2-304 63GBS2-304S 63GBS2-404 63GBS2-404S 63GBS2-505 63GBS2-505S 63GBS2-506 63GBS2-506S 63GCB2-223∅8 60GCB2-223∅8S 60GCB2-223S50 60GCB2-223S50S 60GCB2-253∅8 60GCB2-253∅8S 60GCB2-253S50 60GCB2-253S50S 60GCB2-254∅8 60GCB2-254∅8S 60GCB2-254S50 60GCB2-254S50S 60GCB2-254S70 60GCB2-254S70S 60GCB2-304∅8 60

GCB2-304∅8S 60GCB2-304S50 60GCB2-304S50S 60GCB2-304S70 60GCB2-304S70S 60GCB2-404∅8 60GCB2-404∅8S 60GCB2-404S70 60GCB2-404S70S 60GCB2-404S95 60GCB2-404S95S 60GCB2-505S95 60GCB2-505S95S 60GCB2-505S120 60GCB2-505S120S 60GCB2-506S95 60GCB2-506S95S 60GCB2-506S120 60GCB2-506S120S 60GCB4-223∅8 61GCB4-223∅8S 61GCB4-223S50 61GCB4-223S50S 61GCB4-253∅8 61GCB4-253∅8S 61GCB4-253S50 61GCB4-253S50S 61GCB4-254∅8 61GCB4-254∅8S 61GCB4-254S50 61GCB4-254S50S 61GCB4-254S70 61GCB4-254S70S 61GCB4-304∅8 61GCB4-304∅8S 61GCB4-304S50 61GCB4-304S50S 61GCB4-304S70 61GCB4-304S70S 61GCB4-404∅8 61GCB4-404∅8S 61GCB4-404∅12 61GCB4-404∅12S 61GCB4-404S70 61GCB4-404S70S 61GCB4-404S95 61GCB4-404S95S 61GCB4-505S95 61GCB4-505S95S 61GCB4-505S120 61GCB4-505S120S 61GCB4-506S95 61GCB4-506S95S 61GCB4-506S120 61GCB4-506S120S 61GCB5-223∅8 62GCB5-223∅8S 62GCB5-223S50 62GCB5-223S50S 62GCB5-253∅8 62GCB5-253∅8S 62GCB5-253S50 62GCB5-253S50S 62GCB5-254∅8 62GCB5-254∅8S 62GCB5-254S50 62GCB5-254S50S 62GCB5-254S70 62GCB5-254S70S 62GCB5-304∅8 62GCB5-304∅8S 62GCB5-304∅10 62GCB5-304∅10S 62

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GCB5-304S50 62GCB5-304S50S 62GCB5-304S70 62GCB5-304S70S 62GCB5-404∅8 62GCB5-404∅8S 62GCB5-404S70 62GCB5-404S70S 62GCB5-404S95 62GCB5-404S95S 62GCB5-505S95 62GCB5-505S95S 62GCB5-505S120 62GCB5-505S120S 62GCB5-506S95 62GCB5-506S95S 62GCB5-506S120 62GCB5-506S120S 62GCC1-∅8∅8 58GCC1-∅10∅10 58GCC1-∅12∅12 58GCC1-S16S16 58GCC1-S25S25 58GCC1-S50S50 58GCC1-S70S70 58GCC1-S95S95 58GCC1-S120S120 58GCC2-∅8∅8 58GCC2-∅10∅10 58GCC2-S16S16 58GCC2-S25S25 58GCC2-S50S25 58GCC2-S50S50 58GCC2-S70S25 58GCC2-S70S50 58GCC2-S70S70 58GCC2-S95S25 58GCC2-S95S50 58GCC2-S95S70 58GCC2-S95S95 58GCC2-S120∅12 58GCC2-S120S50 58GCC2-S120S70 58GCC2-S120S95 58GCC2-S120S120 58GCC4-∅8∅8 59GCC4-∅12∅10 59GCC4-S16S16 59GCC4-S25S25 59GCC4-S50S25 59GCC4-S50S50 59GCC4-S70S25 59GCC4-S70S50 59GCC4-S70S70 59GCC4-S95S25 59GCC4-S95S70 59GCC4-S95S95 59GCC4-S120S50 59GCC4-S120S70 59GCC4-S120S95 59GCC4-S120S120 59GCC11-∅6∅6 59GCC11-∅8∅8 59GCC11-S16S16 59GCC11-S50S50 59GCC11-S120S120 59GCR1-142∅8 54GCR1-142S25 54GCR1-142S50 54GCR1-142S70 54GCR1-142S95 54GCR1-142S120 54GCR1-172∅8 54

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GCR1-172S25 54GCR1-172S50 54GCR1-172S70 54GCR1-172S95 54GCR1-172S120 54GCR2-142∅6 55GCR2-142∅8 55GCR2-142S16 55GCR2-142S25 55GCR2-142S50 55GCR2-142S70 55GCR2-142S95 55GCR2-142S120 55GCR2-172∅6 55GCR2-172∅8 55GCR2-172S16 55GCR2-172S25 55GCR2-172S50 55GCR2-172S70 55GCR2-172S95 55GCR2-172S120 55GCR3-128∅6 55GCR3-128∅8 55GCR3-128S16 55GCR3-128S50 55GCR3-142∅6 55GCR3-142∅8 55GCR3-142S16 55GCR3-142S50 55GCR3-172∅6 55GCR3-172∅8 55GCR3-172S16 55GCR3-172S50 55GCS1-∅8 59GCS1-S50 59GCS1-S70 59GCS1-S95 59GCS1-S120 59GCS3-∅8 60GCS3-S16 60GCS3-S25 60GCS3-S50 60GCS3-S70 60GCS3-S95 60GCS3-S120 60GFF 15 64GFF 25 64GFF 32 58, 64GFF 45 56-62, 64GFF 65 54, 56-59, 61-64GFF 90 48, 50-52, 54-64GFF 106 48-64GFF 107 48-49, 53, 56-57, 63-64GFF 108 64GFF 109 64 GFF 115 48-64GFF 150 48-64GFF 200 48-51, 53-54, 56-59, 62-64GFF 250 48, 56-57, 64GFF 500 64GN00 02 28G000 01 18G000 03 18G000 06 18G000 07 18G000 08 18G000 11 18G000 11M 19G000 13 18G000 14M 19G000 16 18

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G000 19 18G000 19M 19G000 20 18G000 21 18G000 22M 19G000 23 18G000 23M 19G000 27 18G000 35 18G000 35M 19G000 37 18G000 38M 19G000 44 18G000 48 18G000 64M 19G000 72 17G000 75 17G000 85 17G000 86 17G100 01 15G100 02 15G100 03 15G100 04 15G100 05 15G100 11 15G100 12 15G100 13 15G100 14 15G100 15 15G100 21 15G100 22 15G100 23 15G100 24 15G100 25 15G100 51 20G100 98 20G101 02 20G101 03 20G101 28 20G103 05N 24G103 06 21G103 07 21G103 08 21G103 09 21G103 10 21G103 13 21G103 14 21G103 15 21G103 16 21G103 17 21G103 18 21G103 19 21G103 21 21G103 22 21G103 27 24G103 28N 23G103 29N 23G103 30N 24G103 31N 24G103 32N 22G103 33N 22G103 42N 24G103 43 18G103 44 18G103 45 18G103 46 18G103 52 23G103 53 23G103 54 26G103 55 26G103 56 26G103 57 26G103 58 26

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G103 69N 23G103 70N 23G103 72N 23G103 73N 23G103 78N 23G103 79N 23G103 81 22G103 82 22G103 83 22G103 84 22G103 85 22G103 86 22G103 87 22G103 95N 22G103 96N 22G104 01 15G104 02 15G104 03 15G104 04 18G104 07 18G104 10 18G104 11 15G104 12 15G104 13 15G104 14BG 19G104 15BG 19G104 16BG 19G104 51 20G104 97 20G104 98 20G106 01 16G106 02 16G106 03 16G106 07 19G106 08 19G106 09 19G106 11 28G106 12 28G106 51 20G106 97 20G106 98 20G107 01 29G107 02 29G107 03 28G107 04 25G108 01 16G108 02 16G108 03 16G108 51 20G108 75 17G108 85 17G108 97 20G108 98 20G109 01 16G109 04 19G109 05 19G109 06 19G109 07 16G109 08 16G109 75 17G109 76 17G109 77 17G109 85 17G109 86 17G109 87 17G110 02(100M) 30G110 03(25M) 30G110 03(50M) 30 G110 11(20M) 30G110 11(50M) 30G110 12(40M) 30G110 18(40M) 30G110 20(40M) 30

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G110 22(20M) 30G110 23 30G110 24 31G110 25 31G110 26 31G110 27 31G110 28 31G110 43 21G110 43S 21G110 44 21G110 45 21G110 46 21G110 47 21G110 48 21G110 49 21G110 50 33G110 51 33G110 52 33G110 53 33G110 54 33G110 55 33G110 56 33G110 57 31G110 65(40M) 30G110 72(60M) 30G110 73(40M) 30G110 74(30M) 30G110 75(30M) 30G110 77(20M) 30G110 78(30M) 30G110 91(60M) 30G110 92(40M) 30G110 93(30M) 30G110 94(30M) 30G110 95(30M) 30G110 96(20M) 30G111 02 32G111 03 32G111 03(20M) 32G111 03(60M) 32G111 06 32G111 07 32G111 08 32G111 09 32G111 10 32G111 11 32G111 12 32G111 13 32G111 14 32G111 15 32G111 16 32G111 17 32G111 18 32G111 19 32G111 20 32G111 21 32G111 22 32G111 23 32G111 24 32G111 25 32G111 26 32G111 27 32G111 35 33G111 36 33G111 37 33G111 38 33G111 39 33G111 40 33G111 41 33G111 42 33G111 43 33G111 44 33G111 49 31

Index

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Cat. no. Page

G111 49(20M) 31G111 49(60M) 31G111 49(80M) 31G111 50(20M) 31G111 50(50M) 31G111 80 31G111 80(20M) 31G111 80(60M) 31G111 80(80M) 31G111 81(20M) 31G111 81(50M) 31G112 01 26G112 02 26G113 01 25G114 01 25G114 02 25G114 02A 25G114 04 25G114 06 25G114 07 25G114 08 25G115 01 40G115 02 38G115 06 39G115 07 39G115 08 39G115 09 40G115 10 38G115 13 37G115 14 37G115 16 43G115 19 35G115 20 35G115 21 35G115 22 35G115 23 35G115 23M 35G115 25 35G115 26 36G115 27 36G115 28 35G115 29 35G115 32 38G115 33 38G115 34 38G115 36 41G115 45 42G115 45A 42G115 45M 42G115 48 42G115 49 42G115 49M 42G115 50 42G115 51 38G115 51A 38G115 51M 39G115 57 39G115 61 42G115 62 40G115 62A 40G115 62M 40G115 63A 41G115 63M 41G115 64A 36G115 64M 36G115 65A 36G115 65M 36G115 68A 37G115 68M 37G115 71A 37G115 71M 37G115 73 35G115 74 35

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G115 76 39G115 77 39G115 78 39G115 79 43G115 80 43G115 81 43G115 82 43G115 83 43G115 84 43G115 85 43G115 86 38G115 87 39G115 88 41G115 89 41G115 90 41G115 91 39G115 92 39G115 93 39G116 06M 42G116 09M 42G116 14 37G117 03A 40G117 03M 40G117 04A 40G117 04M 40G117 10 37G117 11 37G117 13 37G117 37A 36G117 37M 36G117 47A 36G117 47M 36G117 51A 39G117 51M 39G118 08 41G118 08A 41G119 01 43G119 02 43G119 02B 43G119 03 43G119 08 34G119 09 44G120 00 46G120 01 46G120 02 47G120 03 47G120 05 45G120 06 45G120 07 45G120 08 45G120 09 45G120 10 45G120 17 45G120 18 45G120 19 45G120 20 45G120 21 45G120 22 45G120 23 45G120 24 45G120 25 45G120 26 45G120 27 45G120 28 46G120 29 46G120 30 46G120 31 46G120 32 46G120 33 46G120 34 46G120 35 46G120 36 46G120 37 46

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G120 38 46G120 39 46G120 40 46G120 41 45G120 42 45G120 43 45G120 44 45G120 45 45G120 46 45G120 61 45G120 62 45G120 63 45G120 64 45G120 65 45G120 66 45G120 67 45G120 68 45G120 69 45G120 70 45G120 71 45G120 72 45G120 73 46G120 74 46G120 75 46G120 76 46G120 77 46G120 78 46G120 79 46G120 80 46G120 81 46G120 82 46G120 83 46G120 84 46G200 19 44G200 22 34G200 23 34G200 24 44G200 24A 44G200 33A 34G211 01G 34G211 02G 34G211 03G 34G211 04G 34G211 05G 34G211 07 34G211 08 34G211 09 34G211 10 34G211 11 34G211 12 34G211 13 34G212 01 34G212 02 34G212 06 34G212 07 34G212 08 34

Index

Earthing and lightning protection - energosfera.lt

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