The Earth Summit was a UN event

Earth SummitFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The United Nations Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, RioConference, and Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92 [ˈɛku no̞ˈvẽtɐ j ˈdojʃ]), was a major United Nations conference held inRio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.

In 2012, the United Nations Conference on SustainableDevelopment was also held in Rio, and is also commonly calledRio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012. It was held from 20 to 22June.

Contents

1 Overview1.1 Results

2 See also3 References4 External links

Overview

172 governments participated, with 116 sending their heads of state or government.[1] Some 2,400representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with 17,000 people at the parallelNGO "Global Forum" (also called Forum Global), who had Consultative Status.

The issues addressed included:

systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components,such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicalsalternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which are linked to global climatechangenew reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion incities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smokethe growing scarcity of water

An important achievement was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to theKyoto Protocol. Another agreement was to "not carry out any activities on the lands of indigenouspeoples that would cause environmental degradation or that would be culturally inappropriate".

The Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature at the Earth Summit, and made a starttowards redefinition of measures that did not inherently encourage destruction of natural ecoregions andso-called uneconomic growth.

Twelve cities were also honoured by the Local Government Honours Award for innovative localenvironmental programs. These included Sudbury in Canada for its ambitious program to rehabilitateenvironmental damage from the local mining industry, Austin in the United States for its green buildingstrategy, and Kitakyūshū in Japan for incorporating an international education and training componentinto its municipal pollution control program.

Results

The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development[2]

Agenda 21[3][4]

Forest Principles

Moreover, important legally binding agreements were opened for signature:

Convention on Biological Diversity[5]

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Critics, however, point out that many of the agreements made in Rio have not been realized regardingsuch fundamental issues as fighting poverty and cleaning up the environment.

Green Cross International was founded to build upon the work of the Summit.

See also

Earth Summit 2002 "Rio+10" held in JohannesburgEcology summitGlobal MapNational Strategy for a Sustainable AmericaPrecautionary principleRegional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian countriesThe Environmental InstituteUnited Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development also known as "Rio 2012" or "Rio+20",hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, as a 20-year follow-up to the historic 1992 United NationsConference on Environment and Development (UNCED).United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

References

1. ^ Taib, Fauziah (1997). Malaysia and UNCED. London: Kluwer Law International. p. 1. ISBN 90 411 06839.

2. ^ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. "Rio Declaration on Environment andDevelopment" (http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/rio-dec.htm). Habitat.igc.org. Retrieved 2014-08-04.

3. ^ United Nations Agenda 21 (http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm)4. ^ United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. "Agenda 21: Table of Contents. Earth

Summit, 1992" (http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/). Habitat.igc.org. Retrieved 2014-08-04.5. ^ "CBD Home" (http://www.cbd.int). Cbd.int. Retrieved 2014-08-04.

External links

Documents from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (also knownas UNCED or the Earth Summit)(http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/resources/res_docukeyconf_eartsumm.shtml) held in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, 1992video: George Hunt reviews UNCED 1992 (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6642758020554799808)video: Severn Suzuki, 13 years old, speaks for Environmental Children Organization UNCED1992 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g8cmWZOX8Q)Address at Rio Earth Summit (http://dalailama.com/messages/environment/address-at-rio), TenzinGyatso Dalai LamaAgenda 21 at the Center for a World in Balance (http://rio2012.org/intagreements/1992-rio-agenda21.php)A critical New Internationalist (http://www.newint.org) keynote about the 1992 Rio Earth Summit(http://www.newint.org/features/1992/04/05/keynote/)Rio Summit- news, reports, documents, opinions...(http://www.environmentportal.in/category/thesaurus/rio-summit.)Rio+20 on India Environment Portal (http://www.environmentportal.in/thesaurus/rio20)

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Categories: 1992 in Brazil United Nations conferences Diplomatic conferences in Brazil20th-century diplomatic conferences 1992 conferences 1992 in international relations1992 in the environment Environmental conferences

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