Earth from space ( © NASA) The earth is dynamic. The processes that have shaped the earth as we...
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Transcript of Earth from space ( © NASA) The earth is dynamic. The processes that have shaped the earth as we...
Earth from space (©NASA)
The earth is dynamic.
The processes that have shaped the earth as we know it today are perpetual on a geologic time scale.
Earth cross-section
Geologic history• Continental drift
Geologic history• Plate tectonics
Divergent boundaries
Convergent boundaries
Transform boundary
Hotspots
Lithospheric (tectonic) plates
Earthquakes
• Defined as the shaking of ground caused by a sudden release of energy from rocks underneath
• A fault is a break between two rock masses
Earthquakes• Average length of time: 10-30 seconds• Measured using the Richter Scale
• May cause tsunami waves– Submarine earthquakes– Explosive volcanic eruptions– Submarine landslides– Terrestrial landslides that enter water bodies– Impacts of large extraterrestrial objects (e.g. asteroids or comets) in the ocean
Tectonic Setting of Earthquake of 26 December 2004 from United States Geological Survey(http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/)
Earthquake caused by subduction of Indian plate beneath the Burma microplate
Relative motion of Indian plate to Burma microplate = 0.06 m per year (2.4 inches per year)
Areas potentially affected by tsunami inundation and run-up in yellow(i.e. shore zones < 20 m above sea-level)
Areas Potentially Affected by Tsunami of 26 December 2004 from UNOSAT(www.unosat.org)
Volcanoes
Ring of Fire