Early Warning Dosimeters (EWOs) for organic objects

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The MASTER EWO dosimeters– how they work

Prague 1st June 2006

Terje Grøntoft, NILU

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The EU project MASTER :Research partners:

1) Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Norway.2). Centre for Sustainable Heritage (CSH-UCL) University College of London. UK.3) Albert Ludwigs Universitet - Freiburg

Materialforshungs - sentrum (ALU-FMF) Germany4) Technical University of Crete (TUC) Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Polytechneioupolis. Greece.

Museum partners - Test sites:5) National Museum in Krakow. Poland.6) Trøndelag Folk Museum, Trondheim, Norway7) Historic Royal Palaces, London. UK8) The National Trust, Bury St. Edmunds. UK9) Württembergisches Landesmuseum, Landesstelle für Museumsbetreuung Baden Württemberg. Germany10) Institute for Masonry and Construction Research, University of Malta.

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The Early Warning Organic dosimeters:

Pollution and climate dosimeters for organic objects collections

Contents

1. The EWO dosimeter. The initial idea.2. What are the ”specific” and ”generic” EWO

dosimeters.3. The principle of the EWO-G(Generic) dosimeter. 4. The calibration of the generic EWO-G dosimeter5. How to interpret the measurement result

from the generic EWO-G dosimeter 6. The user requirements to the EWO dosimeter.

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1. An EWO dosimeter - The initial idea.

- To develop an early warning system for organic objects.

- Should be an effect dosimeter

- Should be based on end-user identified needs

- To assess degradation of organic objects indoors.

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A transparent organic polymer (EWO-G) with a dye indicator (EWO-S).

2. Mounting

Memorycircuit

EWO-G Sensor film

Grip

1. Production

Spin coating

Glass substrate

EWO polymer film(ALU-FMF)

1 cm

4. Analysis

Light absorption

3. Exposure

Environment- 3 months

2. The EWO dosimeters

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The spesific EWO-S dosimeter

Sample holder:

Portable measurement instrument

ALU - FMF

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The generic EWO-G dosimeter

Exposure at location

1. Photospectrometer in laboratory 2. Measurement at location

Memory

circuitEWO-G

dosimeter

Grip

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EWO-sensorExposed in museum

environment

Effect on sensor

Organicacids

SO2

RH + TNOx

O3

Light/UV

Effect of the environmenton the EWO-G

(nm)

Light-abs.

340 nm

Photo-spectrometricmeasurement

Exposure effect

3. The principle of the EWO-G dosimeter

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10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

Regression Adjusted (Press) Predicted Value

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

PP

O 3

U B

(C

)

Dependent Variable: PPO 3U B (C)

Scatterplot

EWO 3U B(C)

EW

O 3

U B

(C)

Predicted from calibration

M

ea

s ure

d r

es p

on

se

4. The calibration of the EWO-G dosimeter

Statistical treatment of field test data using multiple regression:

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Calibration equation:

Centre for Sustainable Heritage. University College of London

Trigger values for environmental parameters and for the EWO-G.

(ppb) (ppb) (oC) (mWm-2)

EWO-G effect = 0.75 NO2 + 1.34 O3 + 0.51 T + 0.35 UV

Trigger values T (oC)

Calibration point - location NO2

(ppb) O3

(ppb) UV

(mW/m2)

RH = 45 %

RH = 55 %

RH = 65 %

1 - Archive store 1 1.15 1 20.8 19.3 18.2 2 – Purpose built museum 2.5 3 3.75 22.9 21.4 20.2 3 – House museum 5 6.5 15 24.5 23 21.8 4 - Open structure 10 12.5 37.5 26.8 25.3 24.1 5 - External store with no

control 15 25 37.5 29.0 27.6 26.2

Increasing deterioration

1 1.15 1 19.3

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EWO-G Trigger response

Trigger response (ads-units). Sign = 97.5 % (One sided) Calibration point - location RH = 45 % RH = 55 % RH = 65 %

1 - Archive store 0.0114 0.0107 0.0103 2 - Purpose built museum

0.0165 0.0159 0.0153

3 - House museum 0.0258 0.0251 0.0246 4 - Open structure 0.0418 0.0411 0.0405 5 - External store

with no control 0.0612 0.0605 0.0598




0.0165 0.0159 0.0153


with no control 0.0612 0.0605 0.0598


0.0107

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Example: Musems from MASTER field test

5. Interpretation of the EWO-G dosimeter

Station EWO response

Response level

(MASTER field test) Indoor. Yearly mean. (4*3 months)

1. Blickling Hall 0.0089 1 2. National Museum of Krakow. The Jan Matejko House. 0.0143 2 3. The Karol Szymanowski Museum, “Atma”, Zakopane 0.0177 3 4. Schwarzwälder Trachtenmuseum, Haslach 0.0186 3 5. The Museum of Decorative Arts & Design, Oslo. 0.0196 3 6. Trøndelag Folk Museum, Trondheim. 0.0212 3 7. Wignacourt Collegiate Museum, Malta. 0.0214 3 8. The Historical Museum of Crete. Iraklion 0.0217 3 9. Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 0.0284 4

10. Tower of London, Bloody Tower. 0.0312 4

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13(#) = calibration values – level 3

The measurement result

Calibration points RH = 65%


Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405



Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405

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Calibrated levels of EWO affected after exposure (lit LEDs on unit) Kind of building 1 2 3 4 5 Archive store

Expected environment (acceptable)

Environment could be better

Environment is poor

Something is wrong with

control

Serious problem with building or

control Purpose built museum gallery

Environment is very good



Environment is poor

Something is wrong with

control

Historic building

Excellent environment




Environment is poor

Open display in open structure

Dosimeter is not responding





Outside store with no control

Dosimeter is not responding

Dosimeter isn’t responding




Interpretation by the Acceptability – location table

Centre for Sustainable Heritage. University College of London

Showcases: One calibration point lower than location

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6. The end-user requirements to the EWO dosimeter.

- Easy to use

- Easy to interpret

- Visible change

- Cheap

- Inert

- Small

- Yes (?)

- Yes (?)

- Yes (indirectly)

- (?)

- Yes

- Yes

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- Short-term and long term options

- Range of sensor sensitivities

- Able to relate to other kinds of monitoring

- A diagnostic element to the sensor.

- All environmental risks to be monitored

- Yes

- Yes (partly)

- Yes (High to medium)

-Generic: Depends on data available-Specific: Yes

- Generic dosimeter: Yes - dependent on knowledge about environment Specific dosimeter: Yes

- No ( visible light(LUX) and organic acids)

- Durable

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Preventive Conservation

Strategy

based on the:

EWO-G

dosimeter measurement

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MASTER-logo

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EWO-G effect =

0.75(0.17)NO2 + 1.34(0.30)O3 + 0.51(0.088)T + 0.35(0.21)UV

Calibration intervals for environmental parameters

Symbol Calibration interval NO2 1 – 20 ppb O3 0.5 – 30 ppb T 10 - 30 oC UV 0 - 15 mW m-3 Additional variables SO2 0 – 3.5 ppb RH 10 –80 %

-2

(#) = Uncertainty, 95 % significance level.

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Trigger values for the EWO-G dosimeter

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5

NO2 (ppb)

EW

O r

esp

on

se (

ab

s-u

nits

)

Protection = 97.5 %

Point 1:0.0107

O3 = 1 ppb, UV = 1 mW m-2 T = 19.3 oC RH = 55 %

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1 - Archive store 0.0114 0.0107 0.0103 2 – Purpose built

museum gallery 0.0165 0.0159 0.0153

3 - Historic building

0.0258 0.0251 0.0246

4 - Open display in open structure

0.0418 0.0411 0.0405

5 - Outside store with no control

0.0612 0.0605 0.0598

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RH - monthly avarage (%)RH-A RH-B RH-C

1-Oslo 69.1 34.1 37.52-Trondheim 76.1 47.2 50.63-Blickling Hall 76.4 62.5 62.54-Tower of London74.0 62.3 62.35-Stuttgart 71.6 48.5 47.56-Haslach 72.8 52.4 53.27-Krakow 71.9 38.8 37.98-Zakopane 72.1 32.3 40.09-Wignacourt 76.9 66.1 67.010-Crete 58.8 59.7 59.8

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0.0165 0.0159 0.0153


with no control 0.0612 0.0605 0.0598




0.0165 0.0159 0.0153


with no control 0.0612 0.0605 0.0598


0.0107

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Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405

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Concentrat-ions

T and UV

2. 0.0157 Tower of

London (RH = 62%)

0.0223 NO2 (ppb): 16.9 (5) O3 (ppb): 0.4 (6.5)

T (oC): 15.0 (20.2) UV (mW m-2): 15 (15)

3. 0.0246

0.0312

(5)

O3 (ppb):3.6(6.5) (15)

(21.8)

3. 0.0246

4. 0.0405

Early Warning Dosimeters (EWOs) for organic objects

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