Early Urbanization
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Transcript of Early Urbanization
Early UrbanizationThe Agricultural Revolution and
the Growth of Cities
Remember Push / Pull Factors
• Push Factors– Bad things that make people migrate away
from an area
• Pull Factors– Good things that make people want to migrate
to an area
Agricultural Revolution• Over 10,000 years ago everybody
lived as a hunter-gatherer– All humans were nomads– 1 – 5 million people in the world
(8,000 BC)
• About 10,000 years ago people discovered agriculture (farming)– Population boomed– 25 – 50 million in world (3,000 –
1,000 BC)
Better Farming Techniques
Better Farming Techniques
The Plow
Irrigation
More Vocabulary Words
• Innovation – a new idea or invention– Ex. – the plow
• Diffusion – the spreading of innovations around the world– Ex. – agricultural revolution (and the plow)
spreading from Egypt to Mesopotamia
• Acculturation – change in a culture result of contact with a different culture
• Ex. – how does civilizations change after the agricultural revolution?
River Valley Civilizations
• People needed more land to farm
• Good farmland in river valleys– Access to water for irrigation– People moved to river valleys
• Pull Factor – Grow more food in river valleys
• Food grows easily in river valleys
– Not everybody needs to be a farmer anymore
Indus River Valley
SpecializationAcculturating to the Agricultural Revolution
• People begin to specialize• Craft workers
• Pottery, leather workers, metal workers
– Traders• Merchants
– Education• Priests, scribes,
• Specialized in Non-farming jobs
The First CitiesCause & Effect
Agricultural Revolution
Migration to River Valleys
Better Farming TechniquesMore People
More People
More People
Specialization
Some people don’t need to farm
First Cities
Bunch of non-farmers
Functions of a CityWhy live in a city?
• Water Source– Near rivers– Labor needed for irrigation projects
• Defense– City walls to protect from enemies
• Trade– Cities built along trade routes– Good places for marketplaces
• Religious Centers– Large temples located in cities
Defense - City Walls
Walls of Ancient Rome
Sumerian Trade
Routes
Structure of Early Cities• Religious Core in the center
– Temples or Cathedrals– Government Buildings at core too
• Government associated with religion
• Surrounding the Religious Core were:– High status business
• Associated with religion or government– Secular (non-religious) business
• Tailors, jewelers, – Food products and low status business
• Leather workers, potters, basket makers
• People lived near where they worked– No long commutes
Roman Trade Routes
Ancient Cities Layouts
Religious and Government
Center
High Status Business
Secular Business
Food and Low Status Business
The further away from the middle – the less power or status you had
Köln/Cologne, Germany
Tenochtitlan Aztec Capital City
Roman Suburbs
Urbs – inside the city walls
Latin for city
Suburbs – outside the city walls