CIVILIZATIONS: INDUS VALLEY Araling Panlipunan 8

NOTES ON USAGE Last updated: November 24, 2016 This teacher-made slideshow presentation was intended for high school students in a public school setting and should be utilized in a manner consistent with Fair Use.

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

SUBCONTINENT Definition

a large landmassthat is part of a continent

Human Legacy

1. Himalaya and Hindu Kush Mountain Systems

2. Northern Plains3. Deccan Plateau

INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES• Yearly floods spread deposits of rich soil over a wide area but were unpredictable.• The rivers sometimes changed course.• The cycle of wet and dry

seasons brought by the monsoon winds was

unpredictable.

INDUS CIVILIZATION

WHAT WE KNOW FROM ARCHAEOLOGY

7000B.C. - agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats in the highlands 3200 B.C. - people were farming in villages along the Indus River

Indus River in Pakistan after a flood

Indus River from the Karakouram Highway

INDUS VALLEY TODAY

WHAT WE KNOW FROM ARCHAEOLOGY

2500B.C. – people began laying the bricks for India’s first cities More than 100 settlements have been found along the Indus in modern-day Pakistan. The largest cities are Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

Map of a portion of Mohenjo-Daro shows sophisticated city planning

• fortified area• major buildings

citadel

bricks

plumbing

sewage

grid system

WHO WANTS SOME MUD BRICKS?

OVEN-BAKED AND SUN-DRIED

Harappa Euphrates Region

WHO WANTS SOME MUD BRICKS?

OVEN-BAKED AND SUN-DRIED

brick foundation of a warehouse in Gujarat Euphrates Region

INTERESTINGLY, THESE WERE THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS IN CONTACT

THINK LIKE A HISTORIAN…

How can we prove that the two civilizations came into contact?

What can we use as proof?

SEALS

Seal used by Akkadian kingSar-kali-sari. The water buffaloin the seal were brought toMesopotamia by the Harappans.

SEALSAbout the size of a large postage stampUsed to make an impression on wet clayAnimals were carved on seals; unicorn was the most commonSigns on top are believed to be Indus writing

INDUS MOHENJO-DARO Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uasE8pum8g8

INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION MOHENJO-DARO AND HARAPPA Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV_5fI_9b3M

ARTIFACTS: WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE?langua

ge

elephant

rhinoceros

zebu (bull)

cultureuniformity in religion and cultureFigures could be early representations of ShivaFigures of a mother goddess, fertility imagesWorship of the bull

tradegold & silver

semiprecious stones

colored cotton cloth

AfghanistanDeccan PlateauPersia

traded with others

MOHENJO-DAROplumbi

ng

sewageIndus peoples built extensive and modern-looking plumbing systems.In Mohenjo-Daro almost every house had a private bathroom and toilet.No other civilization achieved this level of convenience until the 19th and 20th centuries.

“Mound of the Dead”

The Great Bath

Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdGbamPgf8o

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (MOHENJO-DARO)

made small figures of people and animals using metal and clay

few small statues surviveart

Priest King, Mohenjo-Daro

Dancing Girl

Nude Male Torso

TERRACOTTA FIGURINESart

bullock

TERRACOTTA FIGURINESart

OTHER EVERYDAY TOOLSweights used by traders

dice used for games

beauty kit

WHAT ABOUT WARFARE?

weapons?

It is true that Harappan art does not portray warfare. It is also true that no good weapons like spears or swords have been found. There is also no evidence of sacking or burning of Indus cities. The inescapable conclusion is that the Harappan were a peace loving people not given to war or aggression. ~Iravatham Mahadevan

copper and bronze spearheadswere found believed mainly toserve as protection from animals

The Indus Civilization probably had no natural enemies. [The] people of these regions had more to gain by peaceful cooperation than by attacking the Harappans. Similarly the nearest people by sea, the inhabitants of Oman, had much to gain by peaceful interaction and were too few to pose a threat, while the Mesopotamians, experienced in warfare, were too far away to make conquest feasible. ~Jane McIntosh

HOW DID THE INDUS CIVILIZATION END?

REFERENCES Beck, Roger B. (2009). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell.

McIntosh, Jane. (2011). “The First Civilizations in Contact: Mesopotamia and the Indus”. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.cic.ames.cam.ac.uk/pages/ mcintosh.html

RECOMMENDED READINGS A comparison between Mesopotamian Civilization and Indus Valley Civilization made by students like you can be found here:

https://prezi.com/okprx92a44bz/mesopotamian-civilization-vs-indus-valley-civilization/