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Early Childhood Needs Assessment Update on … Childhood Needs Assessment Update on analysis and...
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Early Childhood Needs Assessment Update on analysis and findings Early Childhood Iowa Stakeholder Alliance Anne Discher May 14, 2013
Transcript of Early Childhood Needs Assessment Update on … Childhood Needs Assessment Update on analysis and...
Early Childhood Needs Assessment
Update on analysis and findings
Early Childhood Iowa Stakeholder Alliance
Anne Discher
May 14, 2013
About the project
Conduct a comprehensive needs assessment of Iowa’s children from birth to kindergarten entry, their families and access to quality services.
• Deliverable 1 – Document overall population trends in Iowa
– Identify and define populations of young children with high needs
– Identify and define “at-risk” communities in the state
• Deliverable 2 – Document the current supply, capacity and quality of early-childhood
services in Iowa
• Deliverable 3 – “Gap analysis” based on Deliverables 1 and 2
• Deliverable 4 – Final comprehensive report
Today
• Quick review
• Gap analysis
• Further analysis of Central City Metropolitan and Regional Centers
• Preschool and 3rd grade reading proficiency
• Discussion
• Relative to U.S., Iowa has seen modest growth – Iowa is older than U.S. as a whole, but now has the same proportion of
young children
• Iowa is less diverse than the U.S., but growing more diverse at a faster rate
– Young children are the state’s most diverse group
– Population growth among young children is driven by growth in communities of color and Hispanic/Latino descent
• Iowa has high rate of workforce participation among parents of young children and a growing proportion of single parents.
• There is a cluster of characteristics that constitute “need” among children and families:
– Less-educated parents
– Poverty/low-income status
– Language/culture barriers
– Identifiable child needs (physical, developmental, behavioral, environmental)
• Young children with high needs are not evenly distributed within Iowa, but there is no place where there’s no opportunity to improve outcomes.
Findings from Deliverable 1
Gap analysis
• Examines services in relation to needs in two ways
– Define the population eligible for a service and calculate percentage actually being reached
– Identify the counties with great needs for services
• Needed more robust definition of “risk”
• Based on degree of stress on specified variables
Technique from Deliverable 1
• Analysis based on 8 variables:
• Identified most stressed counties on each variable as “high risk”
• Added up “high risk” variables for each county • More than one standard deviation “worse” than state average
• Income • Single parenting • Parent education • Child abuse and neglect
• High-school graduation • Low birthweight • Preschool participation • Unemployment
New technique
• Analysis based on 12 variables:
• Assigns each value a Z-score
• Calculates an average Z-score for each county and assigns each to one of five risk categories based on Z-score
• Poverty (young children under 100%)
• Poverty (young children 100% to 200%)
• Single parenting • Maternal education • Children who speak English
not well or not at all • Child abuse and neglect
• High-school graduation* • 4th grade reading
proficiency* • Low birthweight • Unemployment • Young children with all
parents in the labor force • Teen births
Standard deviation measures
variation from the average in a
data set. The more spread
apart the data, the higher the
deviation.
A Z-score indicates by how many standard
deviations a value is above or below the mean (Z-score of 1 = 1 std dev. higher than average).
* Reversed Z-score used for analysis
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
100 pct poverty 100-199 pct poverty
Single parenting H.S. graduation
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Child abuse and neglect
Females 25-44 w less than H.S.
English not well or at all
All parents in labor force
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Webster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
Franklin
Johnson
Union Henry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allamakee
Mahaska
Ringgold
Worth
Madison
Hamilton
Adams
Palo Alto
Delaware
Cherokee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
WinneshiekMitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Pocahontas
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Audubon
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des Moines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Teen births 4th grade reading
Low birthweight Unemployment
Iowa counties by risk group, revised Moderate: within .2 std devs. Medium-low and -high: .2 to .6 std devs. away Low and high: .6 or more away
Percent of Iowa population under age 6 by county risk groups
Under 100% of poverty
100% to 199% of poverty
Women 25-44 with less than H.S.
Teen births
Share of families with young children served by family-support program, by county-risk group and program type, 2012
OB beds per 1,000 women 18-44 Pediatricians per
1,000 young children
Family practice physicians per 1,000 young children
Dentists per 1,000 young children
Health and Nutrition
WIC Participation
Percent of children 0-4 below 185 percent of FPL participating in WIC by county risk group
Percent of all children 0-4 participating in WIC by county risk group
Central City Metropolitan and Regional Centers • Central City Metropolitan (9)
– Contain urban core of at least 50,000
– Most ethnically, educationally and socially diverse
– Areas of greatest affluence and greatest need (central city versus outlying areas)
• Regional Centers (17)
– Contain a core urban of at least 10,000 people or are adjacent to the urban core with a high degree of social and economic integration
– Slow growing, less educated and less affluent
– Do these counties exhibit same patterns of disparities as Central City Metropolitan counties?
Sac
Linn
Lee
Sioux
Polk
Ida
Clay
Tama
Cass
Kossuth
Lyon
IowaJasper
Page
Story
Clayton
Adair
Jones
Fayette
Clinton
Benton
Cedar
Dallas
Butler
Davis
Floyd
Scott
Mills
Plymouth
Boone
Taylor
Wright
Shelby
Web
ster
Carroll
Hardin
Jackson
Woodbury
Monona
Keokuk
Harrison
Greene
Lucas
Marion
Crawford
Wayne
Warren
Guthrie
O'Brien
FranklinJohnson
Union
He
nry
Calhoun
Clarke
Dubuque
Decatur
Hancock
Grundy
Louisa
Marshall
Pottawattamie
Allam
akee
Mah
aska
Ringgold
Worth
Mad
iso
n
Hamilton
Adams
Palo A
lto
Delaw
are
Ch
ero
kee
Bremer
Howard
Fremont
Buchanan
Win
ne
shie
k
MitchellEmmet
Poweshiek
Monroe Wapello
Black Hawk
Buena Vista
Osceola
Poca
ho
nta
s
Jefferson
Van Buren
Chickasaw
Washington
Au
du
bo
n
Cerro Gordo
Appanoose
Humboldt
Muscatine
Dickinson
Des
Mo
ines
Winnebago
Montgomery
Legend
Central City Metropolitan
Outlying Metropolitan
Regional Center
Small Urban
Rural
Iowa Counties Grouped by Size and Relationship to Major Cities
Percentage change in population under 6, 2000-2010
Percentage of the population under 6, 2010
Selected characteristics by county type
Central places in each county
CC Metropolitan counties Regional Centers
Ames Story County Boone Boone County
Cedar Rapids Linn County Burlington Des Moines County
Council Bluffs Pottawattamie County Clinton Clinton County
Davenport Scott County Fort Madison Lee County
Des Moines Polk County Keokuk Lee County
Dubuque Dubuque County Knoxville Marion County
Iowa City Johnson County Pella Marion County
Sioux City Woodbury County Marshalltown Marshall County
Waterloo Black Hawk County Mason City Cerro Gordo County
Muscatine Muscatine County
Newton Jasper County
Oskaloosa Mahaska County
Ottumwa Wapello County
Spencer Clay County
Spirit Lake Dickinson County
Storm Lake Buena Vista County
CC Metropolitan Central cities
CC Metropolitan Rest of county
Regional Centers Central cities
Regional Centers Rest of county
CC Metropolitan Central cities
CC Metropolitan Rest of county
Regional Centers Central cities
Regional Centers Rest of county
Preschool & 3rd grade reading
• Children with reported preschool participation were more likely to be proficient than those without.
– The difference—5 percentage points—existed four years after the preschool experience itself.
• But there is a roughly 15-point gap between FRL and non-FRL students, whether or not they participated in preschool.
– Suggests that preschool narrows, but does not close, the gap in educational performance of low-income and higher-income children.
Percent of third-grade students proficient in reading by free and reduced-price lunch status and preschool participation
Great variation in preschool participation
• Participation rates among non-FRL children were roughly 15 percentage points higher than for FRL children.
• Rates were as much as 20 points higher for white students than those in other racial and ethnic groups
• Among groups analyzed, ELL students had lowest preschool participation rates
Percent of third graders with parent-reported preschool experience, by free and reduced-price lunch and English Language Learner status and race/ethnicity
Implications
• Parents reports include private as well as public preschool experiences.
– More affluent parents more likely to enroll their children in preschool. Publicly supported preschool is designed, at least in part, to narrow that gap.
• Differences in participation suggest that greater attention needed to recruiting and enrolling low-income, minority and English-language learning students if preschool is to help “close the gap.”
Preschool data to come
Preschool experience of incoming kindergartners, fall 2012
Total students SVPP Shared Visions Part B Title 1 Unduplicated
(SVPP, SV, Part B, Title 1)
Parent reported preschool
County Total students
County type FRPL
State Special ed
ELL
Race/ethnicity
Early childhood through a policy lens
• The first five years of life have the most important effects on health and well-being (but are not where largest investments are currently being made).
• For the first time, young children face the prospect of growing up less healthy and less equipped to compete and lead in a world economy.
• Critical to changing this trajectory is to better identify and respond early to young children’s developmental, behavioral and social concerns – in the context of family and community.
• There is a growing and powerful research base on how to do this, but these ideas have not yet been incorporated into mainstream practice.
• Young children are not current drivers of health care and social welfare costs, but addressing their needs while they are young is key to containing future costs in these areas and producing the greatest overall returns on investment – both for the children themselves and Iowa as a whole.
Discussion • What stood out or surprised you?
• What questions did the presentation raise? Concerns?
• How will you use the data from the needs assessment? How will your organization use it?
• Would you present this information in your community? What pieces would be most interesting and what format would you use?
• How might the ECI Stakeholders Alliance use the needs assessment?
• Who else should see and use it?
505 5th Avenue, Suite 404
Des Moines, IA 50309
www.cfpciowa.org
515-280-9027
