1

THE STATE OF CONNECTICUTBORROWS FIVE HUNDRED

POUNDS FOR THE BENEFIT OF“CALEB SELAH HART WHO IS A

PRISONER IN NEW YORK”

* 3[CONNECTICT - CRIMINAL HISTORY].Hartford, 24th May 1777. “Borrowed andreceived of Mr. Caleb Bull of Hartford FiveHundred Spanish Mill’d dollars Borrowedfor Col. Selah Hart who is a Prisoner inNew York by Order of Assembly May 1777and do promise to pay to said Caleb BullFive Hundred Spanish Mill’d Dollars asaforesaid upon demand with lawful inter-est for the same for value rec. this Day byme John Lawrence Treasurer “ Fine. $125 - up

THE STATE OF CONNECTICUTBORROWS FIFTY POUNDS FOR THEBENEFIT OF “CALEB SELAH HART

WHO IS A PRISONER IN NEWYORK”

* 4[CONNECTICT - CRIMINAL HISTORY].Hartford, 24th May 1777. Rec. ad Borrowedof Capt. William Bull of Hartford Fiftypounds hard money; which sum I borrowedfor Col. Selah Hart who is a prisoner in NewYork, by Order of Assembly May 1777…And do promise to pay said William Bullsaid Sum of Fifty pounds in hard money ,Upon demand with lawful interest for thesame, for Value received this day by me…John Lawrence Treasurer. Fine. $125 - up

EARLY AMERICA AND THE REVOLUTION

AN EXCEPTIONAL RARE EARLY DEED SIGNED BY TWO INDIANSOFTHE AGAWAM TRIBE IN WHICH THEY SELL LAND IN ESSEX COUNTY

* 11700, Massachusetts. 12” x 15” An early land deed in which Samuel English,Joseph English and John Umpee, Agamam Indians sell a tract of land to the townof Wenham in Essex County, New England.

“To all Christian people to whome this present Deed of Sale shall come SamuelInglish, Joseph Inglish & JohUmpee, all Indians and grand Children toMaschanomett late Saggamon of the territory of tract of land called AgawamDeceased which said Tract of Land is situated in the county of Essex in NewEngland, and the only surviving heirs of the said Maschanomett as Saggamon &aforesaid as prinsipall and Mr. Joseph Fostor, son of a Bilrichaj Blacksmithe &Moses Parker of Chelmsford, husbandman…both in the county of Middlesex inNew England…for and in consideration of three pounds & Ten shillings currantand lawful money of New England to them in hand paid before the sealing &delivery of these presents by Capt. Thomas Fiske, Lt. William Fiske, WaldorFayrfield and Thomas Isach and all inhabitants of the towne of Wenaham in theCounty of Essex in New England aforesaid committee chosen and appointed bythe inhabitants of sd. Towne……in agreeing with the said Indians ….. do ac-knowledge to have received in therewithall to be fully satisfied and paid, and inconsideration there of they have given, granted, bargained, souldassigned……and by these presents they do fully, clearly and absolutely.…..settover and conforme unto the inhabitants of said towne of Wenham…. For ever theIndian Title of all that tract……

Signed by Samuel English and John Umpee the grandchildren of Masconomet.,a Sachem of the Agawam tribe. Joseph English died just around the time of thisdocument’s creation and thus did not sign. The Agawam tribe lived in an areafrom the Merrimac River (equivalent to today’s New Hampshire border) to Salem,Massachusetts. They were one of three (3) sub-tribes of the Wampanoag Indianson the North Shore. The Agawam Sagamore, Sachem, or Chief is historically knownas “Masconomo.” Sachem Masconomo signed a treaty with the English in 1644.In return, the Agawams expected and received (for a while) protection from theirfoes—both Indian and European. By 1658 Masconomo sold his Tribe’s lands tothe settlers in Ipswich and Manchester, most likely in part because of the dwin-dling number Agawams. Indian deeds of this period are quite rare and a highlydesirable element of early American history. A great opportunity to acquire atruly wonderful item. A couple of holes at fold intersections. $10,000 - up

A SCARCE NOTE SIGNED BY THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF CONTINENTAL CONGRESS PEYTON RANDOLPH AND

SUPREME COURT JUSTICE JOHN BLAIR* 2PEYTON RANDOLPH (1721-1775). Randolph was a Revolutionary War poli-tician who served for many years in the Virginia House of Burgesses. He stronglyopposed British rule and was elected to the Continental Congress where he waschosen that legislature’s first president. DS. 1pp. 6 1/2” x 4 3/4”. Virginia. 1773.A partly printed, twenty shillings note signed “Peyton Randolph” and “JohnBlair”. The note states: “Shillings Current Money of VIRGINIA, according toAct of Assembly Passed the 4th Day of March Anna Dom. 1773, and by appoint-ment of said Assembly.” John Blair (1732-1800) was one of the Supreme Court’soriginal Associate Justices. There is an ornate border design at left and coat-of-arms at top. There is some age toning and light soiling, and the paper is thin; itis in very good condition. A superb association of these two patriots, especiallysince Randolph’s autograph is quite scarce. $1,500 - up

2

A SCARCE CONTINENTAL ARMYSURGEONS SIGNED PAY ORDER

AND CERTIFICATION* 5[AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Con-necticut. Jany. 29, 1783. A pair of docu-ments being a manuscript certification that“Doctor Timothy Mather servd as Surgeonin the 7th Connecticut Regiment in the con-tinental line of the Army for the year sev-enteen hundred eighty.” Mather signs theaccompanying partly-printed Pay-TableOffice document. A great piece of revolu-tionary war medical history. Both are ex-tremely fine. $275 – up

A FINE QUAKER IMPRINT* 6Quaker History. Philadelphia, 1793. 8” x13”. A fine imprint being “An AffectionateCaution Addressed to the Members of ourReligious Society in this City.” The imprintwarns of the dangers of “unchristian andinjurious Amusements of the Theatre, eitherby personal Attendance or otherwise;” andcontinues on “niether indulge and vitiateyour minds by reading plays, novels, Ro-mances, and such …and Delight in the HolyScriptures…” A lengthy diatribe on Quakerpurity and “Pollutions of the World. Funto read. Signed in print by Prominent Quak-ers JAMES PEMBERTON, DAVID BA-CON, JOHN PARRISH WILLIAMSAVERY, DANIEL DRINKER ANDDANIEL OFFLEY. Some slight age dis-coloration. Uneven toning along the top ofpage one. Otherwise, Fine. $300 – up

AN EARLY DELIVERY OF STORESFOR THE AMERICAN ARMYDURING THE REVOLUTION

* 9[AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Kittery,October 28, 1775. To Capt. Follet; “Deliverthe Barer stores for 48 men now gowing onthe work belonging to Capt. MacintiahCompany. Samuel Mcintier” Endorsed onverso by Simon Grove. Capt. Robert FollettSr. was a doctor as well, and a captain in theRevolutionary War. 22 “November 5, 1775Col. Wingate made a report of the forcesguarding the Piscataqua Harbor. The offic-ers and the stations were as follows: 23.Robert Follett, Captain, 16 rank and file, atKittery Point.” 17 Capt. Robert Follett Sr.was also the brother of Capt. John Follett.An interesting piece of early Revolution-ary War history. $150 - up

A SLAVE RECEIVES PAYMENT FORA WOOD DELIVERY FOR HIS

MASTER* 10[BLACK HISTORY]. Jany. 17, 1784.“Recd. Of Doct. Jospeh Young, six shillingsYork currency for a load of Nut Wood foruse of the Hospital at Albany, for my masterConrad LaGrange.” A slave “DickLagrange” has left his mark indicating hisreceipt of money for delivery of the wood. Afine early black history item. $150 – up

STATE OF CONNECTICUT NOTEISSUED TO DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE SIGNER SAMUELHUNTINGTON

* 11(SAMUEL HUNTINGTON) (1731-1796). Huntington was a Signer of the Dec-laration of Independence from Connecti-cut and served as Connecticut Governorfrom 1786 - 1796. A partly-printed docu-ment measuring 7" x 5 1/4". State of Con-necticut, March 10, 1791. An order to “Payhis Excellency Samuel Huntington, Esq.one pound & six pence two farthings outof the Taxes appropriated for the Paymentof the Civil List and charge the state.” Onthe back, Huntington’s son has acknowl-edge receipt of the money. Punch cancelledat center. In excellent condition. $150 - up

EARLY SECRET SERVICE!ONE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON’S LIFE

GUARDS RECEIVES HIS PAY* 7 George Washington’s Life Guard. A highly interesting group of three docu-ments being two pay orders and one manuscript certifying service and payingHenry Wakelee “a corporal in Collo. Warners Regiment was in actual service inJan.y 1780 and is now in his Excellency General Washington’s Life Guard.”Wakelee has signed the two pay orders. On March 10, Washington, as com-mander-in-chief of the Continental Army issued an order directing the formationof his personal guard. The commanding officers of each regiment was required toput forth four candidates of high character, the final selection to be chosen fromthese. The guard consisted of men from every state and was organized into a sixty-six man company as prescribed by General Von Steuben. It was variously referredto as “His Excellency’s Guard”, “Washington’s Life Guard” and “Washington’sBody Guard”. The unit was discharged in 1783 at the end of the war. A historicitem related to a rarely seen topic in the marketplace. All in excellent condition. $1,000 - up

1781 COLONEL SAMUEL WASHINGTON’S LED-GER BOOK WITH AN ENTRY MENTIONING

COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON

* 8[GEORGE WASHINGTON]. DatedDecember 4th, 1781 being listed as anextract from the ledger of ColonelSamuel Washington the brother ofGeorge Washington. Numerous en-tries from 1754 through 1770’s.George Washington’s entry has himlisted as a Colonel thus his entry,while undated, had to be prior to1776. Other of Washington’s broth-ers listed are Colonel AugustinWashington & Lawrence WashingtonJr. James Nourse is also listed who wasthe Father of Joseph Nourse longtimeRegister of the Treasure. Four pages6" x 16" in excellent manuscript Finecondition. Excellent George Wash-ington Family related item. $1,250 - up

3

OLIVER WOLCOTT JR. SIGNS ANOTE ISSUED TO ELIPHALET DYER* 12OLIVER WOLCOTT, JR. (1760-1833).Wolcott, the Secretary of the Treasury un-der Washington and Adams and a Gover-nor of Connecticut, was the son of a Signerof the Declaration of Independence. OliverJr. served the Treasury Department superblyunder Alexander Hamilton and was instru-mental in developing a plan for the estab-lishment of branches of the Bank of theUnited States. DS. 1pp. 7” x 3 3/4”.Comptroller’s Office. March 11, 1789. Atwo pound Connecticut promissory notesigned “Oliv: Wolcott Jr.” as Comptrol-ler. It states: “I hereby certify that EliphaletDyer Esqr is entitled to receive the Sum ofTWO POUNDS Lawful Money, out of anyFunds appropriated for the Payment of In-terest on the…Debt of the State of Connecti-cut.” ELIPHALET DYER (1721-1807).Dyer was a Connecticut jurist who servedin the French and Indian War and the Con-tinental Congress. There is a quarter-sizedcancellation hole in the middle affectingonly the “O”. Otherwise, it is in fine con-dition. $75 - up

ACTS PASSED AT THE FIRSTSESSION OF THE SECOND

CONGRESS OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA , BEGUN ANDHELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADEL-

PHIA… IN THE YEAR MDCCXCI

* 13Printed Document, 128 bound pages, 7.75”x 4.75”. Originally part of a three-volumeset. “The Laws of the United States ofAmerica,” published in 1796 by RichardFolwell of Philadelphia. Some pencilscribbles on page 5; overall toning, scat-tered foxing and light staining, not affect-ing legibility. Among the acts provides forestablishing a “Uniform Militia through-out the United States.” A total of 44 chap-ters, many of the Acts being signed in printby George Washington as President, JohnAdams as Vice President, and JonathanTrumbull , as Speaker of the House, or byWashington, Trumbull, and Richard HenryLee, as president pro tempore of the Sen-ate.“ Fine $250 - up

SHORTLY AFTER ARRIVING INNEW YORK CITY TO DEFEND IT

FROM THE CONTINENTALS,CLINTON SIGNS A DOCUMENT

REGARDING PAY

* 14HENRY CLINTON. DS. 3pp. 8" x 13". NewYork. November 9, 1777. A documentsigned “H Clinton Lt Genl” a few monthsafter he returned to New York City to de-fend it. He wrote to “Thomas Barron Esq.Deputy Paymaster of His Majesty’sForces”: “You are hereby directed & re-quired, out of such Monies as are in, or shallcome to Your hands for the Subsistence ofHis Majesty’s Forces. to pay, or cause to bepaid to Captain Charles Norman actingPaym[aste]r of His Majesty’s 30th Regimi.whereof Major General Robert Bigot isColonel, or his Assigns, without deduc-tion, the Sum of Seven Hundred & TwentyOne Pounds, Six Shillings & Six Pence Ster.being 61 days Subsistence for Eight Com-panies of said Regt from 25th October to24th Decemr. 1777, Inclusive, as the An-nexed Account...with which last mentionedSum, You are to Surcharge Yourself(in YourAccount with the Paymaster General, Andfor so doing this with the Acquittance [sic]of the aforesaid Captain Charles Norman, orhis Assigns, shall be Your sufficient War-rant and discharge.” The document has lightsoiling but dark writing and is in fine con-dition. There are two other documents at-tached regarding Clinton’s pay order. Oneis entitled “Abstract of Subsistence forSixty one Days for the Eight Battal [sic]Company of the 38th Regiment Commenc-ing the 25th October 1777 and ending the24th December...”. It is in fine conditionand boasts the signatures of two Britishofficers. The second document acknowl-edges “Received of Daniel Wier Esqr Com-missary General & Sundry Vouchers forProvisions issued to the Thirty eighthRegiment under my command in the Prov-ince of New York between the twenty fifthDay of August and the twenty fourth day ofOctober 1777...”. Both auxiliary pieces arevery fine. A fine example of the British fund-ing of the war. $1,250 - up

A NICE FRANKLIN IMPRINTPENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL

SUBSCRIPTION* 16[PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL -FRANKLIN IMPRINT]. A fine unissuedexample of this Pennsylvania HospitalSubscriber’s Promissory note. 61/4" x 3 7/8" Miller #724. Miller had “ascribed theseto the Franklin and Hall press on the evi-dence of two workbook entries indicatingtheir printing on Jan. 13, 1764 and again onDec. 6, 1765. A great example of a Franklinimprint at an affordable level. $100 - up

* 15JOHN JAY (1745-1829). Jay negotiated with John Adams and Benjamin Franklinthe Treaty of Paris to end the Revolutionary War. He served as President ofContinental Congress, helped ratify the Constitution and was appointed the firstChief Justice. He left that position to negotiate the Jay Treaty, in which theBritish agreed to withdraw their garrisons from the northwestern frontier ofAmerica in exchange for the United States agreement not to discriminate againstBritish commerce and to pay old debts. ALS. 1pp. 8 1/4” x 10”. Bedford [NewYork]. Jany. 3, 1821. An fine content autograph letter signed “John Jay” to hisson Peter Augustus concerning business matters and his ownership of CanalShares;

This letter will I expect be delivered to you by your Brother. I shall inclose in itthe certificate of my having five shares in the stoc k of the Western Inland Navi-gation Company – And also two receipts from Mr. Eddy for payment made pursu-ant to Requistions of the Directors- The entry in your book in June 1813, of aDividend on 15 shares, shows what you then thought was the number ot them –but that is not conclusive, as you might have been mistaken – If the amount wouldbe ascertained of the Payments, by which according to your Letter of the 8 Jany.1802, you had “paid up the Canal Shares”, it would probably lend to removeDoubt.”

“On the 26 inst. I wrote you a few lines respecting a cask of Port wine – consid-ering the frequent Impediments to Navigation at this season, I think it best toleave it with you until next spring.”

“A letter from Mr. Otis informs me that he had directed the 2d. vol. Of his Trans-lation of Botta’s History to be delivered to you for me. Remember to pay not onlyfor that, but also fro the first vol. Which I have…”Fine. A couple of minor archivaltape repairs on verso. $2,000 – up

4

A COLONY OF CONNECTICUTDEBENTURE OF THE HOUSE OF

REPRESENTATIVES RECEIVETHEIR PAY FOR SERVING IN THE

LEGISLATURE* 18SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION –WILLIAM WILLIAMS AND ROGERSHERMAN. DS. 4 pages. 7 ½” x 12”. Jany,1769. “In the Lower House, The foregoingDebenture is allowed & approved & theTreasr. Of this Colony is ordered to pay toSec. Gent. Therein named the sums to yr.Names respectively affixed. Attest, Wm.Williams”. Below, Williams has penned astatement correcting a mistake and hassigned again. Signed a total of four times byWilliams and twice by Roger Sherman.Signed by numerous notables includingWILLIAM WILLIAMS, JOHN CHESTER,ROGER SHERMAN, SILAS DEAN,JEDIDIAH MORSE, ERASTUSWOLCOTT, JAS. WADSWORTH, JR.,ABRAHAM DAVENPORT, HERMANSWIFT, JOHN LAWRENCE and many oth-ers.

Folds. A couple of small holes at fold inter-sections. An interesting piece of ColonialConnecticut history. $750 – up

EARLY BLODGET CANALCOMPANY STOCK SIGNED BY

SAMUEL BLODGET* 191799, New Hampshire. Stock certificate for1 share. Issued to Samuel Blodget Jr. sharenumber 19 “in the Blodget Canal Company,at Amoskeig Falls, in New Hampshire...”Signed as president of the company bySAMUEL BLODGET (1724 - 1807), mer-chant, manufacturer and canal builder. Thiscanal was the product of a long persisenteffort by Blodget to see his dream throughto fruition. After losing 5 years of work and$20,000 of his own money following thedisasterous flooding leading to the com-plete destruction of his first attempt at build-ing the canal, Blodget began again in 1798,after obtaining a new Charter from the stateof New Hampshire in which he was autho-rized to raise $9,000 by lottery, Blodgetfound himself short of funds and returned tothe legislature, receiving another lotterygrant of $12,000 which proved to be a legalnightmare. Without additional lottery fund-ing from Massachusetts, the project wouldprobably not have been completed. Finally,in 1807 the canal with its nine forty-fivefoot tall locks was completed at a total costof $50,000. A rare and early Canal stocksigned by this important early canal pio-neer. Slight touch of browning along onefold.Uncancelled and very fine. $750 - up

A FINE ORATION DELIVERED INMEMORY OF GEORGE WASHING-

TON BY DANIEL ADAMS

* 20(GEORGE WASHINGTON). D. 25pp. 53/4” x 9 1/2”. Leominster, Mass. Feb 22,1800. An extraordinary oration on the deathof George Washington delivered on hisbirthday in Leominster, Massachusetts. Thespeech was written by Daniel Adams(1773-1864), a physician and educator.The text states in part: “WHILE every heartfeels sensibly the wound inflicted by ourlate national loss…GONE, forever gone,and never to return! THE FATHER OF OURINDEPENDENCE LIES NUMBEREDWITH THE MIGHTY DEAD!…He wasyour friend – he was a friend to his Country– he loved virtue – he cherished religion –he hated tyrants – he despised flattery – hedetested vice…THE eyes of these then in-stant Colonies were lifted to WASHING-TON. On him his Country called – his voiceresponded to their cry. He quit the scenes ofrural bliss for the horrors and fatigues ofwar…BUT it was not the gallant armies of

Britain alone he had to combat; - no, butinnumerable exigencies perplexities anddiscordant opinions, which convulsed ourCountry, created jealousies, excited suspi-cion, and perpetually spreadalarms…WASHINGTON never drew hissword to hew a road to fame…”. There ismuch more outstanding content through-out. The pamphlet has some roughness atthe extreme right margin and light foxing,but the condition is fine. $500 - up

EULOGY ON THE LIFE OFGENERAL WASHINGTON

* 21 22 PAGES by Thomas Paine, A.M. Writ-ten at the request of the citizens ofNewburyport, and delivered at the firstPresbyterian Meeting House in that town,January 2nd, 1800. The cover has separatedfrom the binding. Some foxing. $200 - up

THE FIRST BRIGADIER GENERAL IN NEW ENGLAND TO BEAR THE TITLEDURING THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

AN EXTENSIVE GROUP OF LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS RELATING TO ANDSIGNED BY TORY ISAAC ROYAL WHO FLED AMERICA ON APRIL 16, 1775,

JUST DAYS BEFORE LEXINGTON AND CONCORD* 17ROYALL, ISAAC. (c. 1720 – 1781). Soldier during the French and Indian war. Royall appointed brigadier general in 1761,being the first resident of New England to bear the title. A wealthy resident of Medford, Massachusetts and sympathiser withGreat Britain, Royall fled the county just 3 days prior to the battles of Lexington and Concord. He was proscribed and his estate(of which these documents are directly a part of) was confiscated in 1778 and it was said “to carry on his farm after his departurewas found to be some times difficult for the honest man’s scythe refused to cut Tory grass, and his oxen would not plough ToryGround.” Royall left 2,000 acres of land in Worchestor county Massachusetts for the endowment of a Harvard law professor-ship. The town of Royalston, Mass. is named for him. A fine group of documents relating to his farm which was being leasedto a Capt. Bennett Munroe. The lot of 34 documents in includes indentures, payments related to his farms with many signed byRoyall dated from 1750 – 1773. One of the obligations between Munroe and Royall is signed as a witness by the youngerWILLIAM PEPPERALL. An interesting lot of material during the French and Indian war leading up shortly before therevolution demonstrating the inner workings of land lease and the difficulties involved running this farm which was laterconfiscated as a Tory estate. $2,000 – up

5

SCARCE DOCUMENT PAYING APRESIDENTIAL ELECTOR FOR THEIMPORTANT JACKSON ELECTION

OF 1832 ANDREW JACKSON* 22[JACKSON, ANDREW] 7 3/4" x 5". Elec-toral College, Senate Chamber, Harrisburg,December 5, 1832. Partly-printed documentdrawn on the Treasurer of the Commonwealthof Pennsylvania in which the ElectoralCollege of Pennsylvania instructs paymentbe made to an Elector for President and VicePresident of the United States of America.”The election of 1832 marked the first time inAmerican politics that national politicalconventions chose presidential candidateswhich had previously been accomplishedvia state legislatures, meetings and congres-sional caucuses. The higly controversialpublic fight between Jackson and NicholasBiddle to recharter the Bank of the UnitedStates was a central issue in the electionand resulted in Biddle later rechartering itas a state bank. An extremely rare example ofthe Electoral College paying an elector andrelated to a highly important election. Cutcancelled, all paper intact. Extremely fine $300 - up

UNCUT SHEET OF EIGHT RHODE-ISLAND NOTES PRINTED BY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN’S PARTNERDAVID HALL

* 23RHODE ISLAND. Issued under an act ofthe Legislature, July 2, 1780. Sheet of eightnotes, all different denominations. Signedby Harris and Comstock. These were printedby Hall and Sellers, David Hall beingFranklin’s partner in the printing business. $800 - up

JOHN NICHOLSON

PAYMENT FOR SERVICE DURINGTHE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

* 241785, Pennsylvania. 8 1/4" x 6 1/4". Partlyprinted Council certificate in which DavidRittenhouse, Treasurer, is directed to pay“Martin Brickell late of Captain SchottsCorps, ... one year’s interest on his depre-ciation certificate.” Signed by JOHNNICHOLSON (d. Dec. 5, 1800), Comptrol-ler general of Pennsylvania; with RobertMorris formed numerous land speculationcompanies. These certificates were issuedto pay the interest on depreciation certifi-cates that had been previously issued tocompensate soldiers on unpaid back payand make up losses suffered by the troopsfrom having been paid in depreciated cur-rency. This, then, is an interesting documentwhich displays some of the financial chaoswhich was prevalent during and after thewar. Boldly signed by Nicholson in theupper left. Fine. $175 – up

REVOLUTIONARY WAR GENERALSAMUEL WEBB CERTIFIES A

SOLDIER’S SERVICE* 25SAMUEL B. WEBB Revolutionary wargeneral. ADS. 1 page. Wethersfield, 13thJany. 1783. “This may certify that SimonGriffin served in my Regiemtne the year1780.”

Accompanied by a partly-printed documentsigned by Simon Griffin being an army payorder dated February 7, 1783.

Webb had a distinguished military careerduring the Revolutionary War. He waswounded leading troops at the battle ofBunker Hill, and was also wounded at thebattles of White Plains and Trenton. Heparticipated at the battles of Long Islandand Princeton, and was captured during theLong Island raid in 1777. He performedseveral valuable administrative duties aswell, serving as aide-de-camp to IsraelPutnam in 1775 and as private secretary toGeorge Washington in 1776.

Both documents are in excellent condition.

$200 - up

SOLDIER’S CERTIFICATIONSIGNED BY ZEBULON BUTLER

* 26ZEBULON BUTLER (1731 - 1795). Na-val and Army officer. DS. Camp VerplanksPoint, November 20, 1792. 8 1/2” x 3 3/4”.Certification of military service of a soldiersigned by Butler in which he “certifies thatJonathan Hall served in the 4th connt. Regi-ment for the year one thousand seven hun-dred and eighty and is now in actual ser-vice in said regiment…”. Accompanied bya partly-printed document signed by Capt.Erastus Wolcott being an army pay orderdated January 1, 1782. Some brown toningover two thirds of the pay order. $250 – up

RHODE ISLAND CONTINENTALSSTATE THEY RECEIVED PAY FOR

DEFENDING THE UNITED STATESOF AMERICA

* 27[AMERICAN REVOLUTION]. Ipswich,Rhode Island, July 8th 1779, 8" x 13" manu-script document signed by 11 Members ofthe Continental Army from Ipswich, RhodeIsland attesting that they have each received15 pounds from the Committee appointedto hire men who were called to “Defend theUnited States of America “ in addition tothe two shillings given by the State ofRhode Island. A very rare early use in docu-ments mentioning the “United States ofAmerica”. Fine, trifle edge chip. A seldomseen usage of the United States this early.Rare. $500 – up

JEREMIAH WADSWORTH PAYS FORTHE NURSING OF SMALLPOX

VICTIMS DURING THE AMERICANREVOLUTION

* 28JEREMIAH WADSWORTH (1743-1804). Army officer; Member of the U.S.House of Representatives; Business execu-tive. A successful merchant, Wadsworth wasappointed to a number of commissary-gen-eral posts beginning in 1775. He served asthe commissary-general of the ContinentalArmy, 1778-79, during which time Wash-ington wrote that, thanks to Wadsworth,“supplies had been good and ample.” Atthe request of Rochambeau, Wadsworthserved as commissary-general for the Frenchtroops until the close of the war. After thewar, Wadsworth helped found, or was a di-rector of, organizations such as the Bank ofNorth America in Philadelphia, the UnitedStates Bank, and the Bank of New York.DS. 1 page. Middletown, (Ct.) June 17,1776. Payment to Catherine Bolton for “26days Nursing the Small Pox…” Wadsworthhas written “Recd. The Contents in full ofJere Wadsworth, Catherine Bolton, HerMark.” Bolton has place her mark X indicat-ing her receipt of payment. Smallpox duringthe revolution was a major cause of death ofsoldiers and a constant plague to the Ameri-can army. The poor quality of life in the formof close quarters, constant travel and sub-standard conditions led to an outbreak ofpox in the North in 1775 and while Wash-ington took steps to inoculate the troops,it continued to be a major problem for thearmy, later in the South, for the entire war. Afine piece of revolutionary war history.Folds, irregularly cut at bottom. Fine. $300 – up

CONNECTICUT PAYS A CON-STABLE FOR “APPREHENDINGDIVERSE STATE CRIMINALS”

* 29[CONNECTICUT - CRIMINAL HIS-TORY]. August 12, 1784. An order “ ToJohn Lawrence Esq. Treasurer . I please topay Timothy Skinner Constable ofLitchfield out of the Two penny Tax grantedBy the General Assembly in May 1783 thesum of Twelve pounds two shillings andsix pence Lawful money it being his feesand Attendance in Apprehending DiverseState Criminals...” Signed as cleck by Geo.Pitkin. A nice criminal history relateddocument. Fine. $125 - up

6

TREASURY SECRETARY OLIVERWOLCOTT , JR. SENDS A CIRCU-

LAR CLARIFYING ISSUESCONCERNING THE “ACT FOR THERELIEF OF AMERICAN SEAMEN”

* 30OLIVER WOLCOTT JR. (1760-1833).Secretary of the Treasury under Washing-ton and Adams; Governor of Connecticut.Son of a Signer of the Declaration of Inde-pendence, Oliver Jr. served the treasuryDepartment faithfully and superbly underAlexander Hamilton, and was instrumentalin developing a plan for the establishmentof branches of the Bank of the United States(founded 1791). DS. 1 page. Treaury De-partment, July 19, 1796. Wolcott forwardsclarification of criteria to be used to pro-vide proof of citizenship and how it shallbe authenticated. Printed on both sides.Some light discoloration at lower right.Otherwise, fine. $250 - up

CONSTITUTION SIGNERRICHARD DOBBS SPAIGHT

SIGNED DOCUMENT* 31RICHARD DOBBS SPAIGHT. DS. 1pp.15 3/4" x 13". New Bern [North Carolina].May 30, 1795. A partly printed land grantsigned “Richd Dobbs Spaight”. The docu-ment states in part: “...in consideration ofthe sum of Thirty Shillings for every hun-dred acres of land...Robert Tate and WilliamTate have given and granted...a tract of landcontaining Six hundred and forty acres...”.The large document has the usual folds anda few minor separations at the folds. Thesignature is dark and the condition is verygood. A small map of the property is attachedby a wax seal. Some fold splits. $150 - up

AN EARLY BOSTON TWO PAGEACCOUNTING WITH REFERENCE

TO PETER FANUEIL* 33Boston, Massachusetts. March 31, 1731. 8x 12 ½”. Both sides of a single sheet.AnWhile many accounts reference the pur-chase of rum and molasses, cordwood forthe Stillhouse, etc., it would appear that thiswas an accounting kept by a distiller. Onesuch entry indicates that “1600 gall. Mo-lasses a 2/8 to be distill’d into rum @ 75…”were received. An early New England ac-counting of distilling in the colony. Finebut for some discoloration at edges. $200 – up

STEPHEN MIX MITCHELL* 34Approximately 8”x5 ¼”. Connecticut CivilList documenting payment to the Honor-able Stephen M. Mitchell in the amount of$100 “out of the taxes appropriated for thepayment of the Civil List and charge theState.”

Stephen Mix Mitchell: (1743-1835) Juristand statesman. Graduated from Yale, andadmitted to the bar in 1770. Mitchell’s ju-dicial career spanned from 1779 until hisretirement from the bench in 1814. As a ju-rist, he was less distinguished for deep learn-ing and brilliance than for impartiality inthe conduct of judicial proceedings; he wasmuch more interested in justice than in theintricacies of the law. Mitchell also heldnumerous legislative positions. Through-out his life he was a stanch Federalist. Hedied in 1835, having outlived his wife andall but four of his children.

In Excellent condition. $100 - up

AN EXTREMELY RARE AND EARLY GEORGEWYTHE LEGAL DOCUMENT WRITTEN AND

SIGNED JUST MONTHS AFTER BEING ADMITTEDTO THE BAR AT THE AGE OF TWENTY

* 32

GEORGE WYTHE (1726-1806). Lawyer, politician and Signer of the Decla-ration of Independence. He was a prime thinker in the Enlightenment and law andtaught many famous lawyers, including Jefferson, John Marshall and Henry Clay.He served in the House of Burgesses, as a Virginia judge and was the first lawprofessor in America at William and Mary. The childless lawyer was poisoned byhis nephew and the prime benificiary of his will. ADS. 1 page. 7 ¾ x 5 ¾ inches.

“Orange County to wit…..William Russell Gent. complains of ChristopherZimmerman Administrator of all and singular the Goods and Chattels Rightsand Credits which were of John Newport deceased at the Time of his Death whodied intestate as it is said of a Plea of Trespass on the Case, for that whereasthe aforesaid John in his Lifetime that is to say on the thirtieth Day of Marchin the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty seven at thecounty aforesaid was indebted to the said William nine Pounds four Shillingsone Penny and an Half penny Current Money of Virginia and four hundred andninety five Pounds of Tobacco as by an Account here in Court produced mayappear and the said John being so indebted in Consideration thereof in hislifetime afterwards that is to say on the Day , and in the Year, and at the Placeaforesaid undertook and faithfully promised the said William that he the saidJohn would well and truly pay and satisfy to the said William the aforesaidnine Pounds four Shillings one Penny and an Half penny and four hundred andninety five Pounds of Tobacco when he should be afterwards thereunto re-quired. Yet the said John in his Lifetime and the said Christopher since hisDeath not regarding the said Promise and Undertaking of the said John madein Manner and Form aforesaid but contriving and fraudulently intendingcraftily and subtilly to deceive and defraud the said William in the Particularhave not, nor either of them hath paid to the said William or satisfied him forthe said nine Pounds four Shillings one Penny and an Half – penny and fourhundred and ninety five Pounds of Tobacco altho’ often required to do so buthave hitherto altogether refused the said Christopher both refuse to pay thesame to him to the Damage of the said William Twenty Pounds and thereforehe brings this Suit. Wythe for the Pl.”

Wythe is a bit scarce and this document done at such an early age represents anearly legal work of the extremely young attorney at the very beginning of hiscareer. A rare item from this period in Wythe’s career. Some light browing and aminor hole. Otherwise, Fine. $2,000 - up

7

REVOLUTIONARY WAR PENNSYL-VANIA BASTARDRY INDICTMENT

* 35 An unusual Colonial Bastardry indictment,Bedford County, N.J., October Session ,1779, a “Grand Inquest” charging that“…Hannah Hendrikson,… Spinster …didcommit fornication with a person unknownto beget a bastard child …against the peaceand dignity of the commonwealth of Penn-sylvania…”. evidently Mrs. Hendricksonwas a little too enthusiastic in her supportof the war effort. Very good. $200 - up

FUTURE SUPREME COURTJUSTICE OLIVER ELLSWORTHAUTHORIZES PAYMENT FOR ANARMY PAYMASTER DURING THE

AMERICAN REVOLUTION* 36OLIVER ELLSWORTH (1745-1807).Revolutionary patriot; Chief Justice of theU.S. Supreme Court. Ellsworth was a com-mitted patriot, a member of the ConnecticutPay Table and member of the ContinentalCongress during the Revolutionary War.He was instrumental in forging the compro-mise which provided for equality of repre-sentation in the Senate, and is believed tohave introduced the term, “United States.”Served as Senator from Connecticut (1789-1796) during which time he played a majorrole in drafting the legislation which es-tablished the federal court system. He is bestremembered for his service as the secondChief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.Document Signed. 1 page. December 11,1775. 7 ½” x 4". Along with two other Com-mittee members, Ellsworth instructs JohnLawrence, Esq., Treasurer of the Colony ofConnecticut to “Pay Capt. Waterman Cleftas Paymaster of the 6th Company in 6th Reg.- Sum of Nine Hundred Seventy FivePounds Eighteen Shillings in Bills - &charge the Colony - Decr. 11, 1775” Signedat the conclusion by Ellsworth and twoother members of the Connecticut Pay Tablecommittee. A nice, early Revolutionary Wardocument signed by this important Con-necticut patriot and future Supreme CourtJustice. Excellent condition. $225 - up

COLONIAL GOVERNORHENRY VANE

* 37SIR HENRY VANE (1613-1662). EnglishPuritan, one of the most capable adminis-trators in Parliament during the Civil Warsbetween the Parliamentarians and Royal-ists. Friend of religious liberty; governorof Massachusetts 1636-37; returned toEngland; active Parliamentarian; impris-oned at Restoration and beheaded for trea-son. DS. 1 page. 7 ¼ x 11 ¼”, December 31,1647. Pay order boldly signed at right. VeryFine. $900 – up

* 38JAMES WILSON (1742 - 1798) Signer ofthe Declaration of Independence and theConstitution, which he helped to frame, alsoa member of the Continental Congress.Lengthy A.E.S. :”Wilson” completely inhis hand, written on the verso of a 4"x 7 1/2" sheet of paper removed from a larger docu-ment, Hamilton Township, April Term 1775,listing expences:”levied on Defendantsland & Mills on Back Creek, HamiltonTownship adjoining John Robenson & oth-ers…”. Fine condition. $200 - up

SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OFINDEPENDENCE OLIVER

WOLCOTT ORDERS A PAYMENTWHILE SERVING AS

CONNECTICUT’S LIEUTENANTGOVERNOR

* 39OLIVER WOLCOTT (1726-1797).Wolcott was a Signer of the Declaration ofIndependence from Connecticut. AutographDocument signed. 8" x 5 ½”. Litchfield, Jan.23, 1787. Wolcott writes to John Lawrence,treasurer of Connecticut ordering him “topay Col. Nathaniel Buel of Salisbury sixpounds lawful money on account of my sal-ary as Lt. Governor. A nice example. Boldlypenned throughout and in excellent condi-tion. $350 - up

A FINE GROUP OF THREE LETTERSWRITTEN DURING THE WAR OFI812 - ONE WITH NICE BATTLE

CONTENT

* 40Saketts Harbour 28th July 1814

Dear DaughterThe last letter received from

you was at Fort Niagara in the latter part ofthe month of August last which I answeredshortly after in a Letter to my Sister whichI knew my Dear Child, you would have theperusal of, but my troubles and anxiety sincethat periode [sic] has been very great, in themonth of October we were ordered to em-bark on an expedition to Canada forMontreal, we all met by particular disvie ata place called Grinedier Island which placewe reached on the 20th of Oct. 1813, andremained there ‘till the 2nd of Nov. when wewere ordered to embark, and proceed downthe river Saint Laurence to effect a Landing

at Montreal, but —— obstructions havinghappened to us in this expedition occa-sioned by circumstances in the course ofWar fare businefs [sic] which I omit to detailto my Dear female Child but I suppose be-fore this time, the News papers will furnishyou with an Account of – How wver with-out mentioning all those particulars and theBattle of Williamsburgh in Canada, we ar-rived at the French Mills on the 11th Nov.,where we remained ‘till the 13th Febry whenwe proceeded to Sacketts Harbour, remainedthere ‘till the 13th March following whenwe marched to Bataued within 40 miles ofBuffalo where we arrived on the 31st, ofMarch, and on the 22d April was ordered toMarch for Oswego, where by Forced marcheswe reached on the same day – on 6th of May1814, a Battle was fought Between our Regi-ment and the British at Fort Oswego, but bytheir Fleet Covering the Landing of theirTroops, which was Superior by much toours —— was taken of that Fort and ourArmy, returned to Oswego Falls 12 milesfrom that Past, where we remained ‘till 25th

May, when ordered to March for this placewhere we arrived on the 27th of the samemonth, where we still remain thank GODmy Life is still spared through all the perilsand dangers I have underwent I am underthe Command of Captain Benjamin K. Pierceof the New Hampshire Son to Colonel Pierceof Hillsborough who uses me well a youngGentleman who stands well in the Army. Ihad 50 dollars in readings to enclose youfrom French Mills, but being hurried awayfrom that place prevented me from sending itand from my being induced to lent the betterpart to a man in the 11th regiment, who left usat Balavid, and has not see him, and the re-mainder was esepeyded (?) in Private ex-penses an long marches-Isnt my Son Lov-ing a Letter by one Holmes a wounded man,who left here the 20th, who faithfully prom-ised to deliver it to him—As soon as we arepaid I will forward you whatever Money Imay receive and if you made the purchase ofthe Grave Storms for your Mother, which Iwill forward you besides whatever money Imay otherwise send you-your Aunt Lucywrote me she was going to change her name,I should be glad she would write me of thisin the case—and what this name is, andwhere she is going—reside. Send me ——where Mr. Washman lives, and how he andmy Sister Catherine and, I have written aLetter to my Mother, but having written ina hurry, and when on Guard was not done asCorrect as it might be. I enclosed you a Letterto one Alexander, whose Brother was un-fortunately drown’d at Oswego Falls,which you will send—on to him, and if theywant any further information let them pe-ruse this Letter of yours. I would be gladyou to aquaint me in your most if you hadpostage to –pay on this, as I have paid for itas this Last office. And also paid one Dollaron the Other three Letters, although youwere obliged to pay it over again, whichthe post master there has a right to refund toyou—Remember my Love to all the Chil-dren, relations and enquiring friends, andremain in good health at present your affec-tionate FatherNathan PufferSoldier in Captn Pierce’s Co. Corps

8

A GEORGIA-ALABAMAINVESTMENT AND

DEVELOPMENT COMPANYSTOCK SIGNED BY CIVIL WAR

GENERAL BENJAMIN “BEAST”BUTLER

* 421891, Alabama. 1891, Alabama. Certificatefor 3shares signed “Benj. F. Butler” as presi-dent. Brown and black on white paper. Topcenter vignette of a small temple with thewords “Constitution”, “Justice”, “Wis-dom” and “Moderation” at the top. Litho.BENJAMIN F. BUTLER (1818-1893).Butler was a Union general in the Civil War,a Presidential candidate, a MassachusettsGovernor and a Congressman. Uncancelledand in extremely fine condition. Butler’ssignature is very dark. $275 - up

JAMES C. FARGO* 43JAMES C. FARGO. Approximately 8 ½” x14”. The brother of William Fargo and Presi-dent of the American Express Company. Finecontent New York surface transportationD.S. “W.G.Fargo” as President of AmericanExpress, May 7, 1895, a document autho-rizing “…the construction, maintenance,and operation, by the Metropolitan StreetRailway Company, of a double track streetsurface railroad through…Lexington Av-enue from 42nd St. to the Harlem River…”.This document, of course, refers to the cre-ation of the railroad, the pre-cursor of NewYork City’s subway system. Folds, other-wise signed and very good. $250 - up

AN EXCEPTIONALLY FINE ANDSCARCE LARGE CABINET PHOTO

OF SUGAR MAGNATE CLAUSSPRECKELS

* 445 ¼” x 8 ½”. A choice, crips ¾ bust image ofthe famed “Sugar King”. Done by Taber, 8Montgomery Street, San Francisco. A smallspot in the dark portion of his coat has beenlightly touched up though not terriblynoticeable. Wonderful image. $250 - up

THE SUGAR KING CLAUS SPRECKELS

* 451895, California. Stock certificate for 50shares in the San Francisco & San JoaquinValley Railway Co. Green/Black with or-ange overprint. Large vignette of steam lo-comotive at top center. Litho. Signed aspresident by CLAUS SPRECKELS (1828- 1908); Sugar magnate. FollowingSpreckels’ immigration to the United Statesfrom Germany to California, he became in-volved in the sugar business, soon thereaf-ter realizing the possibilities of raisingsugar in Hawaii. At his peak, Spreckelscontrolled upwards of 40,000 acres of caneproducing land on the Island. The San Fran-cisco and San Joaquin Railway was con-structed by Spreckels in order to circum-vent the transportation monopoly of theSouthern Pacific RR, thereby ensuring a lowrate for the transportation of his sugar cane.Stamp cancellation not affecting Spreckels’signature. Very fine. $250 - up

BUSINESS HISTORY

RARE BUFFALO & STATE LINE RAILROAD STOCK ISSUED TO ANDSIGNED ON THE ACCOMPANYING TRANSFER DOCUMENT BY

DANIEL DREW

* 411860, New York. Stock certificate for 100 shares of the Buffalo & State Line RailRoad Company. Issued to Daniel Drew and signed on the accompanying transferdocument in which Drew later sells his shares. The transfer document is alsowitnessed by Winston Churchill’s grandfather and financier Leonard W. Jeromeand Addison G. Jerome.

DANIEL DREW (1797-1879). Capitalist; Speculator. Drew began as a droverrunning herds of cattle across the Allegheny Mountains in New York and, whiledoing so, developed the practice “watering stock,” of feeding salt to his steersto make them drink and swell in size thereby increasing their selling price. Dur-ing the 1830s, he entered the steamboat business where he engaged in fierce“anti-monopoly” competition against Commodore Vanderbilt. Drew entered WallStreet in 1844, organizing Drew, Robinson & Co. and engaged in banking andstock-brokering. Upon the dissolution of the firm, he became an independentoperator. The most spectacular of Drew’s connivances was his involvement alongwith Jay Gould and Jim Fisk in the classic “Erie War” which pitted the threeagainst “Commodore” Vanderbilt for control of the railroad. The struggle endedleaving the company in ruins, and Gould, Fisk and Drew in control. The panic of1873 left Drew virtually penniless and dependent upon his son William. Drewis quite rare in any form.

JEROME, ADDISON G. Stock speculator. Jerome was a major speculativeoperator who displayed a great ability to create and conduct speculative cam-paigns. His fortune was wiped out in his attempt to corner the Michigan South-ern Railroad.

JEROME, LEONARD W. Grandfather of British Prime Minister Sir WinstonChurchill.

This is one of only a very small number that surfaced many years ago. A fineopportunity to acquire this difficult to obtain autograph on a stock certificate.Couple of light punch cancellations on stock. The transfer document remainsuncancelled. Both Excellent. $3,000 - up

9

POWER BANKER J. PIERPONTMORGAN TAKES AN OATH TOPERFORM ON THE BOARD OF

DIRECTORS OF THE LAKE SHOREAND MICHIGAN SOUTHERN

RAILROAD* 46J. PIERPONT MORGAN (1837 - 1913).Probably the most prolific and powerfulbanker in American Financial history, J.Pierpont Morgan epitomized the financialgenius, courage and flair that made possiblemany of the most important financings ofthe late 1800’s and early 1900’s. DS. 1 page.Typewritten document in which Morgan“being duly sworn, says that, having beenelected a Director in The Lake Shore andMichigan Southern Railway Company atthe Annual Meeting of thestockholders…will faithfully perform theduties of his office for the said term…”Boldly signed by Morgan and notarizedbelow at lower left. A nice Morgan docu-ment in excellent condition. $750 – up

PIERRE S. DU PONT TLS* 47 PIERRE S. DU PONT. TLS. 1pp. 8 1/2" x11". Wilmington, Del. July 8, 1919. A typedletter signed “P S DuPont” on his personalletterhead to “The Globe”: “I acknowledgethe letter of Mr. Jason Rogers; also copy of‘Building Newspaper Advertising’. I amhanding this to our Advertising Director,Mr. George Frank Lord, and take this occa-sion of thanking you for including me inyour list.” The letter is in very fine condi-tion. $200 - up

ROCKEFELLER SENDS CON-GRATULATIONS AND A CHECK TO

A NEWLYWED COUPLE* 48TLS. 1 page. 6” x 8”. On personal imprintedstationary from “Golf House, Lakewood,New Jersey”. October 19, 1925. Rockefellersends a warm congratulatory note to MissMary Rose Eaton; “I am sending you a littlecheck as a wedding gift, believing youwould prefer this to somthing that mightbe a duplication, and that it would be moresatisfactory to you to select those thingswhich you most desire. Please accept my hearty congratula-tions, with every best wish for you and thefortunate Mr. His, and the hope that youmay have long and happy lives together.”A nice large signature of the elderlyRockefeller. Fine. $1,000-up

ADOLPH SUTRO* 49ADOLPH SUTRO (1830-1898). Miningengineer. Sutro formed the Sutro TunnelCompany which constructed a tunnel toprovide ventilation, drainage and an easymeans of transporting men and materials toand from the mines in the region of theComstock Lode. Retiring to San Franciscoin 1879, he became active in civic and busi-ness affairs, and was elected mayor in 1894.Always interested in the history and sci-ence of printing, he amassed a collection ofover 200,000 volumes on this subject, muchof which now forms a part of the San Fran-cisco Public Library.

1878, London. ALS to his daughter, Sutronotifies his daughter of his upcoming jour-ney to Europe, “I shall probably sail on toRussia on Sept. 11 from New York with agood chance of going through ( ) storms.Tomorrow I leave here and if good luck willhave it I shall see you during September forI expect to be in London on Sept. 21...” Onembossed Sutro Tunnel letterhead. Sutro israther rare in letters. A nice, clean example.

$200-up

SUTRO TUNNEL CO.* 501880, California. Stock certificate for 100shares. Green/Black. Engraved vignette ofa seated indian warrior overlooking a val-ley at top center, miners at work at bottom.Uncancelled and extremely fine. $175 - up

WOODRUFF SLEEPING & PARLOR COACH CO.

* 511888, Pennsylvania. $1000 Bond bearing6% interest. Brown/Black with attachedembossed royal blue company paper seal atlower left. Vignette of steam locomotiveexiting a tunnel at top center. Coupons atright. Uncancelled and excellent. $100 – up

MERCHANT BERNARD GIMBEL* 52BERNARD GIMBEL. TLS. 1pp. 8 1/2" x10 1/2". New York. June 12, 1919. A typedletter signed “Bernard F. Gimbel” on hispersonal letterhead. The businessman wroteto “Jason Rogers Esq., c/o The Globe”:“Beg to acknowledge with thanks yourletter of recent date advising me that you aremailing under separate cover a copy of yournew book ‘Building Newspaper Advertis-ing.’ I am looking forward to reading thisbook because I know your vast experiencemakes you an authority on this subject. Thenext time you expect to be in the neighbor-hood, telephone and we will take luncheontogether.” The letter is in very fine condi-tion. $400 - up

A SCARCE WOOLWORTH LETTERON EARLY IMPRINTED

WOOLWORTH STATIONARY

* 53FRANK W. WOOLWORTH (1852 - 1919).Merchant; Founder of F. W. Woolworth &Co. Woolworth began his career in thegrocery business as a clerk and later, whileworking for the firm of Moore and Smithsuggested putting slow-moving merchan-dise on the counter priced at five cents. Thesuccess of this tactic launched the firm’sgrowth which, at the time of Woolworth’sdeath had more than 1000 stores and $100million in annual sales. TLS. 1 page. NewYork, Sept. 5, 1896. To Stephen H. Will-iams, “I succeede yesterday in buying partof the fixtures belonging to store #490Washington St; and #16 Bedford St.; and Ialso succeeded in convincing Mr. Fowlerthat thw sashes back of the front windowsof Washington St. belonged to the store. Idid not have to pay anything extra for them,so I presume he will leave them in withoutsaying anything more about them.” Boldlysigned at the conclusion “F. W.Woolworth” An interesting letter which in-terestingly shows the headed of a rapidlygrowing chain still involved in the minu-tia of a single store. Woolworth’s autographis quite rare in any form. $2,000 – up

COMMODORE VANDERBILT CDV* 54A Ffine CDV of Commodore Vanderbilt fromand artwork. $200 - up

10

THE CORRUPT BOSTON MAYORJAMES CURLEY SIGNS A STOCK

* 55James Curley. DS. 2pp. 10 3/4" x 7". NewYork. 1933. A Irving Trust Company stockissed to and signed by Boston Mayor JamesCurley on a separate receipt. The stock hasbeen punch cancelled, though the separatereceipt has not. Both pieces are in fine con-dition. $150 - up

RUSSIAN BOND SIGNED BYNATHAN ROTHSCHILD

• 561822. Russia. Sterling bond bearing 5%interest. Black with red imprinted revenueand embossed seal of N. M. Rothschild asthe Russian Loan Contractor. Signed as con-tractor by NATHAN ROTHSCHILD(1777 - 1836); Banker, and head of the Lon-don branch of the Rothschild banking fam-ily. This bond was issued for the reconstruc-tion of Russia following its destructionduring the War against Napoleon.Rothschild worked constantly for the de-feat of the French emperor in the interests ofEngland as well as his own financial gain.Working inconspicuously, Rothschild en-gineered the financial machinery needed tosupply the Allies with the much neededfunding to defeat the French. Talon attachedThese bonds are often found in rather raggedcondition; this particular example has foldsstrengthened with tape on the back, a coupleof tape repairs on the front very lightly af-fecting a couple of words, and minor paperloss. Fine. Rothschild’s signature remainsuncancelled along the upper left margin, butaffected by a fold split. A wonderful piece offinancial history signed by one of theworld’s most famous and important finan-ciers. Light staple rust stain at upper right.Otherwise, an above average example for thisbond which is often encountered in poorcondition. $400 - up

SENATOR JOE MCCARTHY,SHORTLY BEFORE STARTING HIS

WITCHHUNT, SIGNS A STOCKCERTIFICATE

* 571951, Wisconsin. Stock certificate for 100shares of the Four Wheel Drive Auto Com-pany. Blue/Black. Engraved vignette ofcompany logo flanked by seated male fig-ures. Issued to and signed on verso by JO-SEPH R. MC CARTHY (1908 - 1957). Re-publican United States senator who gainedworldwide attention in the early 1950’sfor his public accusations of Communism.His investigations and widely scatteredcharges brought about the wordMcCarthyism. Punch cancellation not af-fecting McCarthy’s signature. First timewe’ve seen this infamous political legendon a stock. Extremely fine. $225 - up

OTTO KAHN* 58OTTO KAHN (1867-1934). Banker; Pa-tron of the arts.8 ½”x11” letter dated October 31, 2002,signed by Otto Kahn. Addressed “Dear Mr.Pond:

I beg to acknowledge receiptof your letter of the 30th instant, from whichI was pleased to learn of the settlement whichyou have been able to effect with Sir ArthurW. Brown, but I regret that I do not see myway to procure for you the funds which yourequire.

I am obliged for your offer to arrange for meto meet Senor Blasco Ibanez and shouldhave been happy to meet that distinguishedwriter, but I am leaving New York to-day tobe gone about a week. If Senor Ibanez isstill in New York on my return, it will giveme great pleasure to arrange an appointment.Believe me, Very truly yours, Otto Kahn.Fine. $125 - up

JAMES FISK CARTE DE VISTE* 59JAMES FISK. (1834-72) American finan-cial speculator, b. Pownal, Vt. In his youthhe worked for a circus and as a wagon ped-dler of merchandise. During the Civil Warhe became wealthy purchasing cotton in

occupied areas of the South for Northernfirms and selling Confederate bonds in En-gland. CDV. 2 ½” x 4 ¼”. Attractive CarteDe Viste of James Fisk. Ideal for framing. $200 – up

* 60STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER (1764 –1839). Fifth in direct descent from KiliaenVan Rensselaer, the first Patroon, StephenVan Rensselaer inherited a vast landed es-tate in Rensselaer and Albany counties atage 5. Businessman, Politician. DS. 1 page.16 ½” x 13 ¼”. Partly-printed Indenture. $400 – up

A FRENCH STOCK SIGNED BY PIERRE SAMUEL DU PONT DE NEMOURS

* 61PIERRE SAMUEL DU PONT DE NEMOURS (1739-1817). De Nemours wasa French statesman and economist who co-authored the 1783 Treaty of Paris andhelped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.DS. 1 page. n.d. [circa 1812]. n.p.[likely Paris]. A stock certificate for one share in the Banque Territoriale signedby du Pont as Administrative Director. It is black on white paper. There are twosmall embossed seals at upper right. A small handwritten notation at upper leftlightly affects a word in the text; there is also minor bleeding of ink within thisnotation. A minor cut and pinhole at lower left lightly affect one letter. DuPont’s signature is bold and clean and it is in excellent condition. $2,000 - up

11

TOWN OF MENARD STOCKCERTIFICATE

* 621835, Texas. Stock for 1 share. Black/white.This stock was issued for one share of land“consisting of 1,408 lots composing saidtown, situated on the West bank of theNeches River, in the county of Liberty…” Arare early Texas ton stock. Uncancelled andfine. $400 – up

DARIUS O. MILLS SIGNED STOCKCERTIFICATE OF THE

MERGENTHALER LINOTYPECOMPANY

* 631896, New York. Stock certificate for 100shares in the Mergenthaler Linotype Co.Green/Black. Issued to and signed on versoby DARIUS OGDEN MILLS (1825-1910). Merchant; Banker; Philanthropist.Following the discovery of gold in Califor-nia in 1848, Mills set out with the neces-sary money to begin a merchandising orbanking business. Upon arriving in SanFrancisco in 1849, Mills at once estab-lished a trading business buying gold dust,selling goods and dealing in New Yorkexchange. His success led to the formationof the Bank of D. O. Mills & Co. in 1850which thereafter led to the accumulation ofa large fortune. The Linotype invented byOttmar Mergenthaler (1854 - 1899), a Ger-man immigrant, was the first commerciallysuccessful typesetting system developed.Stamp and punch cancellations not affect-ing Mills’s signautre. Fine. $200 - up

REO MOTOR CAR STOCK SIGNEDBY RANSOM E. OLDS

* 641916, New York. Stock for 10 shares. Ol-ive/Black. Top center vignette of the com-pany logo flanked by allegorical figures.Signed by Ransom E. Olds as President.Ransom E. Olds (1864-1950). Olds was thefounder and head of the Olds Motor Works.

In 1904 Olds left Olds Motor Works be-cause of a disagreement . He founded theREO, (his initials) Motor Car Company inLansing and served as its president from1904 to 1924, later becoming chairman ofthe company. He is considered by many tobe the founder of the automobile industry.He built the first factory to use an assemblyline manufacturing process. Some minorfolding. The signature is slightly affectedby the punch cancellation otherwise fine. $400 – up

GRONLANDET SODRA SIGNED BYIVAR KRUEGER - “THE MATCH

KING”* 651910, Sweden. Stock certificate for 100Kronor. Brown/Black. One page of cou-pons. Litho. Signed by IVAR KRUEGER(1880-1932). Also signed by Paul Toll(who later was combined with Kreuger asKreuger and Toll). The match industry wascentered in Sweden for many years. In theearly 1900’s, Kreuger, a Swedish promoter,formed the Swedish Match Company, a gi-ant international match empire that ownedfactories, forests, and mines. The companyoperated match factories in about 40 coun-tries and manufactured most of the world’smatches. The stock market crash of 1929weaken Kreuger’s influence, and he com-mitted suicide in 1932. However, the Swed-ish Match Company survived and operatedunder a new management. The Gronlandet Sodra was an early com-pany of Krueger’s which, among otherthings, constructed the stadium used in the1924 Olympic games. A superb certificateassociating “The Match King” and PaulToll. Rare. Uncancelled and Choice condi-tion. $400 - up

ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE ANDMACHINE WORKS

* 67Two pages, approximately 8”x10”, bluelined stationary; one sheet with RogersLocomotive and Machine Works printedletterhead, with Thomas Rogers as Treasurercrossed out. This letter reads “Please findherewith $4819.50 Mobile Ohio RR. Pro-visional Certificates, received from the Com-mittee of Reorganization a exchange for the$3825. 2nd ….deposited with theBankholders Committee under agreementdated N.Y. August 10, 1875. Please sign &return the enclosed receipt. Respectfully,….of Committee”. The second piece reads“Gent, Enclosed is receipt for the $3,835.—in Mtg. Bonds Mobile Ohio R Rd youhanded me today an don which you paid mein cash the Five dollars per thousandsay….yours truly, J.S. Rogers” The Rogers Locomotive and MachineWorks was formerly known as the Rogers,Ketchum & Grosvenor, and started in1832. Thomas Rogers, as president of thecompany originated many improvementsin engine construction such as outsidecylinders and boilers of the wagontoptype. After he died in 1856, the companyreorganized, the name was changed toRogers Locomotive & Machine Works,and was headed by his son Jacob. Rogers’smost famous engine, eventually named theGeneral, was built for the Western & At-lantic Railroad and was seized by Unionraiders in a dramatic Civil War episode.This 4-4-0 is preserved today in Chatta-nooga, Tenneessee. Rogers also built thefirst true Mogul, or 2-6-0. Because of itsrelatively great size and superiority overother wheel arrangements of its day, thetype was called Mogul. In 1893, the com-pany became the Rogers Locomotive Co.Eleven years later, after building 6231engines, it was sold to American Locomo-tive Co. (Alco), which closed the plant in1914, and sold most of its machinery to theCooke works, a Paterson enterprise. $300 - up

PETER COOPER* 68PETER COOPER (1791-1883). Manu-facturer; Inventor; Philanthropist. DS. 1page. Partly-printed Cooper Union gift ac-knowledgment. 8 ½” x 10 ½”. Vignette ofthe Union Building. A remainder certifi-cate boldly signed by Cooper. These weregiven as a token of appreciation to donorswho supported this institution which wasfounded to offer free courses in science,chemistry, electricity, engineering and art.Center fold. Fine. $150 – up

J. PAUL GETTY’S 7TH GRADE GRAMMAR BOOK* 66J. PAUL GETTY. (1892-1976). Oil magnate; Art collector. A fabled oil execu-tive, J. Paul Getty brought the Getty Oil Company to the status of an “eighthsister” among the giants in the petroleum business. Hard cover student’s gram-mar book. 7 ½” x 9 ½”. Only a total of six pages have been written on, these beingvariety of grammer rules on pages 1 – 4. Getty also wrote the poem “My Staple”by Robert Browning about two-thirds into the book and on another page hebegan creating a list of spelling words. All of the writing in the book is in thehand of the young Getty though it is not signed. This is truly a very unusual itemdating to the student days of a future business icon. The binding is intact. Over-all, Fine. $1,500 – up

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WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER* 70WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER (1841-1922). Oil company executive; Brother ofJohn D. Rockefeller and an original partnerand founder of the Standard Oil Company.TLS. Approximately 8” x 10 ½”. “ WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER, being duly sworn,says that, having been elected a Director inTHE LAKE SHORE AND MICHIGANSOUTHERN RAILROAD COMPANY atthe Annual Meeting of the Stockholdersheld at Cleveland, Ohio, on the FIRST

WEDNESDAY OF MAY, 1906, being thesecond day of that month, is to serve for threeyears, he will faithfully perform the dutiesof his office for the said term, to expire on thefirst Wednesday of May, 1909, and thereaf-ter until his successor shall be duly electedand qualified.” $300 - up

VANDERBILT CONTRACT* 71WILLIAM H. VANDERBILT. Land In-denture of the New York Central andHudson River Railroad. Boldly signed byVanderbilt. Excellent condition. $300 - up

FLAGLER, WRITES ON THEDEVASTATING LOSS OF A

STEAMER AND A RESULTANTLAWSUIT FOLLOWING THE 1906

HURRICANE

* 72HENRY M. FLAGLER. TLS. 1pp. 8" x10". 26 Broadway N.Y. June 11 . A typedletter signed “H M Flagler” on “FloridaEast Coast Railway” letterhead. Flaglerwrote to his vice president “J.R. Parrott”of St. Augustine: “I enclose clipping fromthe Miami Metropolis. From the fact thatso much time has elapsed since the storm,and that the Plaintiff’s Attorney is Mr.Worley, I assume that it is a case of black-

mail. In the event the Plaintiff can prove hisallegations, I am wondering whether re-sponsibility can attach because of the fact,as he asserts, that no fire drills were had onthe boat - that no life preservers were aboard,etc., etc. What he means by ‘no ritualisticpractices aboard’ is beyond me.” The letterand article refer to the devastating hurri-cane of October 1906 that hit Florida. Atthis time, Flagler employed thousands ofmen to work on his railroad. Often, the menwere housed in houseboats and floatingcamps and when the storm struck unexpect-edly, many of these floating devices weresunk or blown out to sea. In one example,seventy men were pushed to sea and neverheard from again, and in another case, Brit-ish and Italian steamers picked up men farfrom the coast and left the workers off at theirdestinations, such as London or BuenosAires. The original Miami Metropolis ar-ticle is included here, which states in part:“An echo of the hurricane of October 17th,when the steamer St. Lucie...went down offElliott’s Key, and about twenty personsout of ninety or more on board, weredrowned, is heard in the filing of a suit byone C.B. Pennock, an employee aboard thesteamer on the eventful trip and date, againstthe F.E.C. Railway Company for damages inthe sum of ten thousand dollars. Thesuit...[claims] That on the above date stormsignals were flying; that a short time beforethe leaving hour in the evening the signals

were taken down, he believes, by the influ-ence or orders of said railroad company,owners of the steamer; and that after thesteamer had passed the signal tower on thetrip out the signals were put up again...thatthere were insufficient life preservers aboard;that there were [sic] no fresh water in thetwo life boats and one life raft on board; thatfor seventeen days previous to the disasterthere had been no fire drills and no ritualis-tic practices aboard, and that the steamerwas totally unequipped and not preparedfor a voyage of this kind. Plaintiff furtheralleges that had sufficient anchorage beenplaced when the steamer anchored off ElliottKey to ride out the storm, the catastrophemight have not occurred. Affiant alleges alsothat when the St. Lucie was wrecked and allthe passengers thrown into the water, thathours afterwards he was washed ashore,bruised and injured, that he was incapaci-tated for a considerable time and incurredlarge bills, losing his position and severalmonths of time...the plaintiff charges that thedisaster was due to wanton and willful ne-glect by the defendant company in not prop-erly equipping the said steamer, and forsending her out on such a voyage and atsuch a time.” The letter’s recipient, Parrott,was a Yale graduate who was Flagler’s clos-est confidante. After leaving Yale as a law-yer, Parrott wanted to move to Atlanta, buteventually settled in Jacksonville. Bychance, Parrott, who was already the attor-ney for the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key WestRailroad, met Flagler. Flagler needed a com-petent man to oversee construction of hisown Florida railroad and quickly decidedParrott was his man. Parrott was made vicepresident of Flagler’s short line in 1892and promoted to vice president and generalmanager of the Florida East Coast Railroadin 1899, as well as president of the EastCoast Hotel Company. When Flagler re-signed from his own organization in 1909,Parrott became President. The letter is invery good condition with a larger signa-ture. There is some overall soiling to theletter and a large patch where the originalnewspaper article, which is included, wasonce attached for many years. A fine Flaglerletter mentioning a possible suit againsthis railroad company. $1,000 - up

A PAN AMERICAN STOCK ISSUEDTO AND SIGNED BY CBS FOUNDER

WILLIAM PALEY* 73WILLIAM S. PALEY. 1933, Delaware.Certificate for 100 shares issued to andsigned “William S Paley” on the verso.Purple and black on white paper with a fac-simile signature of Juan Trippe on the front.Punch cancelled and in very fine conditionwith a dark autograph. $250 – up

CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION STOCK

* 691876, Pennsylvania. Stock certificate for25 shares issued to the Executive Com-mittee of the New York State Dairymen’s Commission. 26" x 18 3/4" Engravedmult-vignetted stock depicting numerous numerous historical scenes of peoplefrom various walks of life. A fine vignette of Trumbull’s painting of the signingof the Declaration of Independence. The Centennial Exhibition was held to com-memorate the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration. This is one ofthe classic American certificates bearing the largest and most elaborate engravedartwork of any to come to market. As such, it is one of the finest American stockcertificates available for framing. Professional cleaned, this certificate is stun-ning. Dry mounted to another board and accompanyed by a custom cut frame - noglass. Uncancelled and very fine. $1,200 - up

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A RARE GEORGEWESTINGHOUSE, JR. SIGNED

CHECK* 75GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE. DS. 1pp.8" x 3". Aug 12 1884. Pittsburgh. A “Bankof Pittsburgh” check signed by “Geo.Westinghouse Jr” as president. He paid“Wm Stanley Forty seven Dollars”. Thereis gold underprinting and a stamp cancella-tion. The piece has some light soiling butis in very fine condition overall. $1,200 – up

PHOTOGRAPHY PIONEERGEORGE EASTMAN SIGNS ALENGTHY CONSTRUCTION

CONTRACT* 76GEORGE EASTMAN. DS. 7pp. 8 1/2" x13 1/2". n.p. May 11, 1909. A lengthy legalcontract signed “Geo Eastman” and co-signed by a representative of “THE FERROCONCRETE CONSTRUCTION CO.” Thedocument is an “agreement...between theEastman Kodak Company of the State of

New York...and The Ferro Concrete Con-struction Company of the City of Cincin-nati, State of Ohio...The Contractor agreesthat it will furnish all the materials and per-form all the work necessary for the erectionand completion in the most substantial,workman-like manner of the buildingknown as Building Number 36 on the prop-erty of the Purchaser known as Kodak Parkin the Town the Greece, County of Monroe,State of New York...”. The remainder of thecontract is in detailed legalese. The piece isin extremely fine condition with a bold sig-nature. $900 - up

AN EXTRAORDINARY EARLY J.PAUL GETTY LETTER IN WHICHTHE FUTURE MAGNATE CERTI-

FIES HIS RECEIPT OF HISALLOWANCE FROM HIS FATHER

AT THE AGE OF 16* 77J. PAUL GETTY (1892-1976). Oil mag-nate; Art collector. ALS. 1 page. “Receivedof G. G. Getty $2.60 in part payment of Feb.allowance. J. P. Getty., Jan. 25, 1909”. Writ-ten in pencil on the back of a sheet of hisfather’s imprinted letterhead. $2,000 – up

*78GEORGE PULLMAN (1831-1897).Pullman, and industrialist and inventor.

SB. 30pp. 7 1/2 “ x 10 1/4”. Albion, NewYork. January 31, 1895. A booklet entitled“Pullman Universalist Church DedicatedServices” signed “zzcompliments of GeoM. Pullman” in an extremely large hand.Pullman dedicated the church in the nameof his parents. The pages are free of defectsand the condition is very fine. $350-up

EDISON SIGNS MINUTES OF THEEDISON STORAGE BATTERY

COMPANY DIRECTORS MEETING

* 79DS. 4pp. (2 sheets). West Orange, New Jer-sey. S 1/2" x 11". November 11, 1925. Typedminutes of the meeting of the board of direc-tors of the Edison Storage Battery Company,signed on page 4 by THOMAS A. EDISONand his son, CHARLES. The minutes con-cern routine topics such as the upcomingannual meetings for several of the Edisoncompanies, and authorization for one of theStorage Battery Company officers to executecontracts with a number of firms, includingwell-known firms such as Standard Oil andInternational Nickel. CHARLES EDISON(1890 - 1969), Industrialist, New JerseyGovernor, and Public Servant, was the sonof Thomas A. Edison. While overshadowedby his father, Charles Edison was distin-guished in his own right. During WorldWar I he directed the manufacture of warmaterials, and later went on to become Sec-retary of the Navy (1939-1940) and Gover-nor of New Jersey (1941-1944). Edison’sfather founded numerous companies and,during his active years, Charles Edison washeavily involved in many of these compa-nies. Always active in public affairs, Edisongave generously of his time, and was trusteeof numerous public foundations and insti-tutions. At left, mounting strip where pageswere attached in minutes book only very

lightly affects edge text. Thomas Edison’sdark signature is pristine, although theumbrella crosses his son’s last name. Ex-tremely Fine. $600 - up

LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT COMPANYSTOCK SIGNED BY ALLAN

LOUGHEAD* 801929. 1 shares of the Lockheed AircraftCompany. Green. Founded in 1926 by AllanLoughead and his brother Malcolm, thecompany was bought by Detroit AircraftCorporation in 1929, only to have the par-ent corporation file for bankruptcy in 1932.During that same year, banks Robert andCourtland Gross bought Lockheed’s as-sets and revived the company’s businesswith the Electra, a twin-engined all metalairliner. The advent of World War II beganthe company’s business as a defense con-tractor by beginning with the P-38 Light-ning bomber and continues as a primarycontractor for U.S. defense aircraft asLockheed Martin Corporation. AllanLoughead (1889 - 1969) legally changedhis last name to Lockheed in order that itsspelling would match its pronunciation.He worked throughout World War II in air-craft design and development. Once whenasked what he did during the early days ofaviation, an elderly Lockheed responded“I survived”. This piece offers a rare oppor-tunity to acquire this legendary aviationpioneer on an important stock. Uncancelledand EF. $1,750 - up

JOHN JACOB ASTOR ENDORSES A CHECK

* 81 JOHN JACOB ASTOR. 1pp, 3 1/4" x 61/2". New York. 1825. A check endorses byJohn Jacob Astor on the verso. The checkstates on the front: “Cashier of the NorthRiver Bank PayJohn Jacob Astor or to hisorder Two hundred and ten dollars New York19th January 1828 Ja. Fairler”. The checkhas a cut cancellation that runs through partof Astor’s signature, but affects little. Thereare chips to the upper and lower marginsand some light ink-burn through, but theoverall condition is fine. $1,000 - up

A WONDERFUL FRAMED ENGRAVING OF ARTIST TIMOTHYCOLE’S PORTRAIT OF A SEATED JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER SIGNED

BY THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY FOUNDER* 74JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER (1839-1937). Founder and one of the original part-ners of Standard Oil; Oil industry pioneer; Capitalist. A lovely framed view ofRockefeller seated facing right. 14 3/4” x 18 1/2”. Signed at the lower right by theartist, Timothy Cole (1883 - 1931). . A large pencil signature of Rockefeller mea-suring 5 1/2” long and 3/4” high. Double matted and framed in a gild and blackframe which shows some wear. Great for display. $2,000 - up

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LIEUTENANT F.W. MEEK CO. G., 2ND

REGIMENT LOUISIANA MILITIA* 82A studio portrait of 3rd Lieutenant Meekby an unknown photographer, presumablyfrom New Orleans prior to its occupationby Butler. Meek is uniformed in a regula-tion cut frock coat with two rows of but-tons and appropriate Confederate bar in-signia on the collar. A rectangular beltplate bears the familiar Louisiana motif ofa pelican feeding her young. The sleevebraiding seems excessive for a junior com-pany grade officer and may be ‘militia’ pref-erence. The officer holds a slough had andwars expensive high boots. The 2nd Regi-ment Louisiana Militia was attached to the2nd Brigade of the 1st Division from the late1850’s. The 1st Division was uniquely NewOrleans and reflected the multinational fla-vor of this large cosmopolitan city. Some ofthe component units represented presti-gious ante-bellum companies of long stand-ing while others were transitory quicklyabsorbed into state service. A muster of the1st Division taken on November 23, 1961recorded an impressive force of nearly25,000 men officially on the rolls with over6,000 of theses reported as “absent.” The2nd Brigade of the 1st Division of which norecords remain is listed in a single source aslargely “non-uniformed and unorganized,”having already given up significant draftsof men to regiments organizing for state ser-vice. The entire 1st Division was able tomust only 2,000 effective, indifferentlyarmed, and called into emergency service inFebruary 1862 when Farragut threatened.With sthe fall of the city the organizedLouisiana militia evaporated and all butceased to exist by mid-1862. As such, theMeek photograph records a very small win-dow in time when the organized city Mili-tia was at its zenith. The paucity of recordsmakes it impossible to know if Meek sawsubsequent service or his fate $500 - up

GENERAL JOHN AARON RAWLINS* 84General Grants AAG. Mounted cabinetphoto, some cracking. $250 - up

MAJOR WALTER V. CROUCH C.S.,GIBSON’S BRIGADE, ARMY OF

TENNESSE* 85Immediate post-war portrait of a uniformedMajor Walter V. Crouch by “Moses & Piffer,New Orleans” signed in the Major’s handand dated by him at “New Orleans 21

THE CIVIL WAR

CONFEDERATE NAVAL OFFICERS* 83Extremely rare ambrotype of eight Confederate Naval Officers. One is wearing aSecession Badge on his right breast. This ambro came from a group of ConfederateNaval items from the Norfolk Naval Yard. . A wonderful and scarce naval image.Excellent condition. $1,500 - up

March 1866' with cancelled two-cent or-ange revenue stamp on verso. A native ofNew Orleans, most of Crouch’s career wasin regimental and brigade staff positions inAdam’s and later Gibson’s brigades of theArmy of Tennessee. Given the chaotic stateof affairs and the hobbled nature of commu-nications in the western theater the studentof the Army of Tennessee will have graspedthat Commissary of Subsistence was not anenviable assignment. If soldiers in the Armyof Northern Virginia were perpetually shortof critical rations, then the men in the Armyof Tennessee soldiered on with fewer neces-sities and less likelihood of reliable sup-plies from their government-and a corre-sponding greater reliance on “field expedi-ency.” It is known that entire regiments weredetailed to supply manpower to harvest thefall crops just so the men might eat. Crouchentered Confederate service at Camp Moore,Louisiana on September 11, 1861 as a 2nd

Lieutenant in Company H., 13th LouisianaInfantry. Perhaps realizing that his age andtalents were better suited to staff work hewas promoted to Captain and A.C.S. onNovember 22, 1861 and remained with the13th at least until June 1863. An unknownobserver writing from Corinth, Mississippiin March 1862 spoke of the 13th as a “hard-looking set composed of Irish, Dutch, Ne-groes, Spaniards, Mexicans and Italianswith few or no Americans.” Finding a com-mon plate of food for this heterogeneous mixmust have taxed Crouch to his utmost lim-its. The regiment fought valiantly at Shilohand made three separate charges into the hellthat became known as the “Hornet’s Nest”costing them 157 of their number. CaptainCrouch was among the fortunate woundedwith a slight injury in the forehead. AfterShiloh Crouch returned to his staff dutiesas Acting Brigade commissary in Adam’sbrigade and was promoted to major (Con-federate Sates Army) in September 1863 inrecognition his efforts. When General Bi-son took command of the brigade prior tothe Atlanta campaign Crouch was retainedon staff in the same position. Major Crouchsurrendered at the end of the war with theremnants of Gibson’s brigade and took hisparole on May 12, 1865. Nearly ten monthslater the ex-major posed for the photographstill in uniform with the visage of a defiantsoldier. The CDV is crisp ad clean withstrong tones. The bottom corners have beentrimmed for insertions into an album.Crouch’s bold ink salutation covers theentirety of the back as if to underscore thestrength of the personality. $500 - up

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JACKSONVILLE ALBUMEN* 86An outdoor Albumen View of Jacksonville,Florida Camp Scene by an anonymous pho-tographer. A nearly six by six inch mountedalbumen showing a row of sturdily con-structed milled wooden barracks with sol-diers lounging on the front porches. Theman closest to the camera can be seen read-ing a newspaper while a next-door neigh-bor appears to be holding a banjo or guitar.Several other soldiers are armed with bayo-neted muskets and appear further down therow. Beneath the view written in periodink is the name “William H. Lyons Jack-sonville, Florida May 8, 1863.” There isanother line beneath this that is nearly il-legible. Portions of northern coastal Floridawere fairly early taken under Federal con-trol and later served as staging area fortroops bound for the interior of he Depart-ment of the Gulf. This William H. Lyonsprobably served in company H. of the 173rd

New York with the photograph capturingsome moment of brief transit before a de-tached element of the regiment returned toduty with the 19th Corps for operationsagainst Port Hudson. The 173rd New Yorksoldier is the only William Lyons foundwhose regiment served anywhere close toJacksonville, Florida, itself a relativelyobscure post not well documented in con-temporary photographs. A candid outdoorview of a camp scene on the barren beachesof Florida taken long before it sunny popu-larity outweighed its reputation for uncom-fortable humid heat, pestilence and malaria. $500 - up

WILLIAM M. MCMURRAY CO. E.,32nd TENNESSEE WIA

* 87A pristine ninth-plate portrait view of Pri-vate McMurray wearing a gray waist lengthjacket with distinctive black collar and cuffsknown to have been worn by several of thehigher numbered Tennessee regiments (32nd,45th, 51st). The 32nd fought at Chickamaugaas part of Brig. General John C. Brown’s

brigade, Alexander P. Stewart’s divisionand advanced form breastworks into the PoeField before being repulsed by a murderousFederal crossfire that “hailed” grape andcanister. Private McMurray was among thewounded that returned safety of thebrigade’s prepared positions. A crystalclear ninth-plate ambrotype held in fullleather case. $650 - up

CONFEDERATE POW* 88A rare Confederate Prisoner of War CDV byChicago Photographer “D.F. Brandon,Camp Douglas.” An unidentified enlistedman poses for Brandon with a mixture ofresignation and defiance in his demeanor.The unadorned uniform jacket is clearenough to see the rough texture of the clothand the concave design of the buttons,though it is impossible to deduce a State.The black felt hat with a slight band aroundthe edges of the brim is typical of early Con-federate headgear. The private soldier isprobably one of the early Tennessee cap-tures from Fort Henry and Fort Donaldsonwhere eight thousand were surrendered andsent North to unprepared camps in Spring-field, Illinois, Chicago, and Indianapolisduring the late winter/early spring of 1862.Their officers were segregated and shippedto Columbus, Ohio. About three thousandmen were initially sent to Chicago and heldat Camp Douglas then already in use as atraining ground for Illinois regimentsbound for the front. The camp initially lackedstockade walls to enclose the prisoners, butthe necessary refinements were quickly putinto place and Camp Douglas ultimatelybecame the final destination for over 18,000Confederate prisoners of war, mostly fromthe western theater. At its peak in campsgiven the better access to supplies, sill,nearly 6,000 Confederates unaccustomed tofrigid Northern winters died at Camp Dou-glas and were interned in nearby cemeter-ies. D.F. Brandon became the ‘unofficial’camp photographer and the vast majority ofhis work was in the prisoner of war trade. Itmight be said that he had a captive audi-ence. While other Chicago photographerscompeted in the City, Brandon moved hisstudio adjacent to Camp Douglas and re

lied upon the POW’s, the camp guard, andthe every changing numbers of Union regi-ments in training as his clientele. It is notsurprising that Brandon’s POW shots arefound with more regularity than his view ofFederal soldiers. Letter testify to the factthat a steady stream of packages from homesupplied the captive Confederates withmoney and items for barter and even men-tion a trio “to the salon for a likeness.”Brandon disappeared from the Chicagoscene after the Civil War leaving as a legacyhis highly sought after POW views. OfCamp Douglas nothing remains except abronze statue in memory of Steven A. Dou-glas, the camp’s namesake. In fact, the camp’slocation now bounded by Cottage GroveAvenue and the South Parkway and northform 36th Street to 31st street is a busy inter-section. Some 6,000 Confederate gravesfrom the time the camp was active werebrought together in 1867 in Oak WoodsCemetery and later commemorated under agiant obelisk that is the largest Confeder-ate War Memorial in the North. $400 - up

GENERAL JOHN G. MITCHELL* 89Housed in a patriotic mat is this rare milkglass copy portrait of General John G.Mitchell of Ohio. Never a form of photogra-phy that saw widespread use in the UnitedStates, this image appears to be a copy of apreviously published contemporary viewof the General. It’s reason for being is un-known. Mitchell, a native ‘Buckeye’, sayearly service as a junior officer underRosecrans in West Virginia. In 1862 he or-chestrated the Lt. Colonelcy of the 113th

Ohio and later became the regiment’s Colo-nel. Mitchell commanded a brigade atChicamauga where he fought with distinc-tion. He was curiously absent during thesubsequent campaign at Chattanooga anddid not rejoin his brigade until the eve ofAtlanta campaign. Mitchell’s brigade suf-fered heavily at Kennesaw and his perfor-mance until the end of the war was unas-suming. After resigning his commissionMitchell returned to his law practice andseveral minor political appointments beforepassing away in 1894. The sixth-plate im-age though a probable copy shot, is a rarityand in ver fine condition. Housed in fullgutta percha case. $650 - up

PRIVATE CHARLES STRONG CSA* 90Private Charles Strong CSA 11th Missis-sippi Infantry KIA GettysburgPrivate Charles Strong of Aberdeen, Mis-sissippi graduated from KMI in 1858. Hewwas ranked 21st out of twenty-three in hisJunior class. His oration at commencementwas ironically entitled “Permanency of theRepublic Dependent on the Union of thePeople”. Private Strong was the son ofGeneral Elisha Strong. He enlisted Sep-tember 1, 1861 in Company I., 11th Missis-sippi Infantry. On July 3, 1863, PrivateStrong was Killed in Action duringPickett’s charge at the Battle ofGettysbsurg. Private Strong fought in thefollowing battles: Yorktown Siege (April -May 1862), Seven Days Battles (June 25 -July 1, 1862), Gaines’ Mill (June 27, 1862),Malvern Hill (July 1, 1862), 2nd Bull Run(August 28 - 30, 1862), South Mountain(September 14, 1862), Antietam (Septem-ber 17, 1862), and Gettysburg (July 1 -3,1863) Excellent Autographed Photo. $1,200 - up

35TH INFANTRY* 91A rather intense portrait of a young cherubcheeked Union infantryman wearing theregulation black felt Hardee Hat and nine-button frock coat. This image was takenfairly early in the war—this young fellowprobably had not yet ‘seen the elephant’—as his Hardee still has the correct shape andblack with the side turned-up in the pre-scribed fashion. After a season’s campaign-ing the same Hardee Hat would be reducedto an infinitely less identifiable slough hat.A mint sixth-plate housed in full leather case $200 - up

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CONFEDERATE* 92A very fine waist up view of a Reb Sergeant.Tinted cheeks with steely eyes. Excellentcontrast. $400 - up

36TH GEORGIA INFANTRY 1ST

CONFEDERATE REGIMENTBELIEVED TO BE COLONEL

GEORGE A. SMITH* 93Before much hard service had been under-taken the Confederate War Department re-designated the 36th as the 1st ConfederateRegiment in January 1862. Later in thewinter of 1862 Lt. Colonel Smith togetherwith several companies of the 1st Confeder-ate were ordered by General Bragg to Mo-bile where Smith took command of the smallgarrison of Fort Gaines guarding the ap-proaches to Mobile Bay. For the remainderof the war the 1st Confederate was destinednever to serve as a complete regiment, ratherits companies were formed into separate bat-talions that ultimately saw service at Ft.Gaines and in the field with the Army ofColonel on November 25, 1862 and his re-sponsibilities expanded to command of thelower bay defenses at Ft. Morgan. The com-panies gradually became the handlers of thefort’s heavy guns, in effect trainedartillerymen. Later in the spring this re-quest was granted as Smith took field com-mand of the 1st Confederate at Dalton, Geor-gia assigned to Steven’s later Jackson’s

Brigade in W.H.T. Walker’s Division ofHardee’s Corps. Smith was apparently intemporary command of Steven’s Brigadewhen he was wounded and his horse killedon July 22, 1864 during Hood’s hard driv-ing but unsuccessful flank attack onMcPherson. The wound required hospital-ization and Smith was absent from his com-mand when it was transferred to Bate’s Di-vision in September. The last ‘Hurray’ ofthe Army of Tennessee sounded at Franklinwhere the affected Hood threw his massedinfantry at the entrenched Federals. Forty-year old Colonel George A. Smith must havebeen killed sometime during the late after-noon of November 30th as Bate’s Divisionmoved to assault a section of the main Unionline held by Orlando Moore’s brigade ofMidwesterners. The battle field carnage waswithout precedent according to stunnedsurvivors. Brigade3s were reduced to thesize of regiments and regiments to smallcompanies in short order. The usual eye-witnesses to a fellow’s demise were oftennonexistent and it was Impossible for theConfederate that many casualties fromFranklin went unrecorded in the ge3neraldisorganization the army after Nashville.Still, tow separate sources corroborate thatCo. Smith fell that day. Nothing more isrecorded. $650 - up

STUDIOUS CONFEDERATECAVALRYMAN

* 94A wonderfully posed, early war-date 1/6th

plate ruby-red ambrotype of a young cav-alry trooper who is wearing short five but-ton jacket, private purchase black felt hat,knee-high cavalry boots and most unusu-ally-thin wire rimmed glasses. To add to thelook he is sporting a huge bow tie and thephotographer has nicely tinted the youngman’s cheeks pink and his buttons gold.Seldom are images of Confederate troopersencountered with the sitter having such aclean-cut appearance about them and oursitter appears as if he has just left the class-room at some prestigious Southern univer-sity to fight in the war. The image is pro-tected by brass mat, frame and glass; and ishoused in a full leatherette case, that is splitat the spine. A haunting image leaving usto wonder whether he survived the conflict.Negligible scratches in the emulsion, elseoverall very good to near fine. $1,000 - up

FIVE CONFEDERATES-GEORGIA* 96An exceedingly rare group portrait of fiveConfederate Non-Commissioned Officerswith a “Rasbury & Prohitt, LaGrange, Ga.”Imprint. This view is a wartime copy shotprobably taken form an original ambrotypeand demonstrates strong clarity and superbcondition as a unique example of Southernphotography on paper. The five soldierswear a typical militia pattern gray uniformwith black piping on the collar, epaulettesand cuffs. Trousers are matching with broadblack stripes. This uniform probably repre-sents something unique to one of Georgia’spre-war militia company’s as it does notconform to either the February 15, 1861 orrevised July 17, 1861 clothing regulationsset forth by the State. At least three Corpo-rals and one First Sergeant are identifiableby their chevrons. Oral tradition relates,“This CDV was removed from the Chisholm/Norcross family album from Decatur, GA.Under this photo written on album pagewas the name Ernest Chisholm. The albumwas obtained from the Graham George es-tate, Decatur, Georgia.” A cursory reviewof the Georgia rosters did not locate a singlesoldier with the name of “ErnestChisholm,” nor are there any “Chisholm’s”recorded form Decatur County. There are,

however, two soldiers with the last name of“George” who enlisted from DecaturCounty and served in the same regiment,Company d. of the 7th Georgia. One soldieris Private Berry A. George who enlisted onApril 16, 1862 and was discharged in Au-gust of the same year. The other soldier isCorporal Edward George who enlisted inAugust 1861 and was killed in action at 2nd

Manassas on August 30, 1862. Excepttrimmed corners allowing for insertion intoan album the CDV is in mint condition, asflawless as they come. Any Confederatephotography on paper must be consideredin the rare category, particular a fine earlygroup shot like this one. $400 - up

NATTY HAIRED UNION SOLDIERSMOKING A PIPE

* 97 A 1/6th plate tintype of a fierce lookingUnion private wearing a shell jacket thatappears to be devoid of buttons. We knowthat this is a shell jacket because of the highcollar and clasp that attaches the collarclosed. Obviously relaxed in the image oursitter rolled back the

48TH GEORGIA BELIEVED TO BE COL. WILLIAM GIBSON “POW”

* 95A lawyer and a Judge in Augusta, Georgia. When he joined as a Private on March4, 1862 and one day later was promoted to Colonel. Gibson was wounded fourtimes and captured once. He was wounded at Malvern Hill, Second Manassas,Sharpsburg and at Gettysburg when he was captured. On April 9, 1865 he sur-rendered along with the 48th Georgia at Appomattox.. A magnificent DoubleArmed Confederate Officer taken on the Battlefield at Sharpsburg. Ink I’ded onthe back of photo. $4,500 - up

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coat’s opening and placed a finely carvedhuman-head pipe in his mouth. The image isprotected by a brass mat, frame and glass;and is housed in a half leatherette case. Mi-nor bends with some small pieces of emul-sion faked off, else very good. $125-up

GEORGIA PARDS FROM DALTON* 98A sentimental sixth-plate ruby ambrotypethat captures the fragile bonds of comrade-ship between tow obvious friends againstthe backdrop of pending war. Written in-side the case in period pencil are the simplewords, “This likeness was taken May the15th, 1861. Wm. J. Hoyt & John Mahaffy.”The two are shown wearing identical styl-ized battle shirts (note the pleated sleeves)and military kepis. Mahaffy, on the right,sports a large patriotic succession badgeperhaps worn in recognition of an official“say of fasting and prayer” called for by theConfederate Congress meeting in Montgom-ery on May 14, 1861. While their nativestate of Georgia had left the Union nearlyfour months before (on January 19, 1861),the creation of Davis’ Confederacy was stilla measured affair. Later that week Tennesseewould be admitted on May 16 followed byNorth Carolina 17th and Arkansas on the18th. It is likely that this image depicts Hoytand Mahaffy’s early service together asmembers of the Jackson Artillery (Capt. G.A.Due) that was first organized for the stateservice in May 1861. The Battery was 1862at which point the two friends parted ways.Private Hoyt stayed with the reorganize“for the war” on March 17, 1862 at whichpoint the two friends parted ways. PrivateHoyt stayed with the reorganized Batterythat subsequently became part of CaptainMassenburg’s Battalion, Georgia Lightartillery before transferring asMassenburg’s Battery to Montgomery’sBattalion (then renamed the 14th Battalion,Georgia Artillery). These organizationshad dissolved by October 1862.Massenburg’s Battery finally was assignedto Robertson’s Battalion of Reserve artil-lery in which it remained until the close ofhostilities. The need to garrison coastaland river fortifications coupled with thepersistent lack of draft animals kept much ofthe Confederate artillery in the Deep Southfrom active field service with the mainarmies. Having trained artillerists and guns(but few horsed) the Reserve Battalions ofartillery evolved into static organizationsthat were parceled out to Department com-manders on an “as needed’ basis. PrivateWilliam Hoyt, still with his command, is

recorded as having surrendered at Cit-ronella, Alabama on May 4, 1865, part ofGeneral Richard Taylor’s army in Loui-siana. Private John Mahaffy evidentlyjoined the infantry and is found on the ros-ter of the 66th Georgia organized at Maconduring the fall of 1863. Having sustainedcrippling causalities during the Chatta-nooga-Atlanta fighting the remnants of the66th were consolidated with the 1st Confed-erate (Georgia) Infantry Regiment in Sep-tember 1864. Mahaffy, who displays thepatriotic badge in the ambrotype, had achange of heart after surviving Atlantaand was reported as a “deserter from therebel army” on the rolls of the MilitaryPrison in Louisville, Kentucky dated Sep-tember 1, 1864. He took the Oath of Alle-giance on September 28, 1864 and in accor-dance with policy was sent north acrossthe Ohio River to be released early in Octo-ber 1864. Many ex-Confederates who tookthe Oath under these circumstances soonfound employment with the United StatesRegular Cavalry on the far reaches of thewestern frontier. One is left to contemplatewhether the two pards from Cobb CountyGeorgia ever met again, and if so, did thefriendship remain eternal? A magnifi-cently identified image reflecting the bondsforged of 1861. The ambrotype is in perfectcondition except for a ring of tarnish that ismore patina that distracting. Housed in itsoriginal unrepaired composition cases. $750 - up

UNION OFFICER WITH A LITCIGAR AND READY FOR WAR

* 99: A great CDV size tintype of a young cav-alry 2nd lieutenant who is cradling a cav-alry sword in his lap and wearing a four-button sack coat. The photographer haswhimsically tinted the tip of the cigar goldto show that it is lit, as well as having tintedthe pants blue and the shoulder boards,buttons along with parts of the sword gold.Bordered by a brass mat the image showssigns of not being protected by glass forover a 130 years. Some slight bends withwear affecting the emulsion, overall goodto very good. $125 - up

* 100GRZZLEY UNION CORPORAL: A 1/9th

plate ruby-red ambrotype of a seasonedUnion veteran who is sitting and wearingan opened frock coat and vest with watchchain hanging from a button. The sitter’scheeks have been nicely tinted red by thephotographer. The image is protected by abrass mat (that bears a great patriotic de-sign showing cannons, United States flagsand reads: “Constitution and Union”),frame and glass and is housed in a fullleatherette case that is partially splitting atthe spine. Overall near fine condition. $250 - up

* 101PRIVATE WILLIAM GUYETT 98TH

NEW YORK VOL.: A 1/6th plate ambro-type of Private William Guyette, Co. H, 98th

N.Y.V. who was wounded at the battleDrewry’s Bluff, Va. on May 16, 1864 dur-ing Grant’s drive on Richmond. Guyett issitting next to a table on which rests hiskepi. He is wearing an eight-button NewYork state shell jacket, bow tie and thephotographer has tinted the jacket’s but-tons gold. His identification has beenscratched on the verso of the image and isvisible under the black backing paint. Theimage is protected by a brass mat, frame andglass and is housed in a full leatherette casethat is splitting at the spine. Somewhatsolarized with some very minor scratchesand spotting affecting the emulsion. Over-all good to very good. $250 - up

* 102JOHN H. MORGAN (1825-1864) Con-federate brigadier general best known forhis raids in Kentucky and Ohio who waskilled by a lone Yankee soldier in 1864. Anice war-date CDV of a bust view of theMorgan in his Confederate general’s uni-form. Published by Anthony, New York in1862. Some minor soiling and stains, elsevery good. $250 - up

WINFIELD SCOTT* 103CDV. Backstamp J. Gurney & Son, Broad-way, N.Y. $125 - up

JOHN C. FREMONT CDV* 104CDV. Backstamp “Published by E. An-thony, New York from Photographic Nega-tive in Brady’s National Portrait Gallery” $150 - up

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ULYSESS S. GRANT* 105CDV. “Major-General Ulysses S. Grant”Back Stamped Charles Taber & Co., NewBedford Mass. $150 - up

ULYSESS S. GRANT* 106CDV. Back stamped “Lieutenant-GeneralU.S. Grant. “ No maker indicated. $150 - up

AN OFFICER AND HIS HORSE* 107CDV taken of an artwork image of an officerand his horse. Backstamp T. L. Divers, Pho-tographer, St. Louis. $25 - up

* 108The last Likeness of The President and hisson Thaddeus. No backstamp. $100 - up

* 109CDV. Lincoln Portrait from a photograph.Fine. $150 - up

ARTWORK CDV OF LINCOLN AND HIS FAMILY

* 110The classic scene from an artwork. Nobackstamp. Fine. $25 – up

* 111Lincoln Portrait. Backstamp “Photographat 80 Washington Street, Providence, R.I.”Negatives Preserved. Ornate embossedborder design. Fine. $250 - up

GEORGE B. MCCLELLANBENEFITS SICK AND WOUNDED

SOLDIERS* 112GEORGE B. McCLELLAN (1826-1885)Union major general and twice commanderof the Army of the Potomac. A wonderfulwar-date CDV signed on the bottom of themount: “Geo. B. McClellan, Maj. Gen.U.S.A.” and shows the general in a Napo-leon style pose from the knees up, wearinga major general’s uniform and holding hissword. Published by Anthony from Bradynegative, New York. The image is looselyattached to a thin paper mount that reads, inanother hand, in full: “New York Metro-politan Fair April 1864. For the benefit ofSick & Wounded Soldiers”. Two tiny pinholes are present at the top of the mountwith minor spotting affecting the image,overall very good to fine. $1,250 - up

A CHOICE SHERMAN SIGNEDCABINET PHOTO IN HIS FULL

GENERAL’S UNIFORM* 113WILLIAM T. SHERMAN (1820-1891)Union major general who brought the ideaof “total war” to the South and helped crushthe rebellion by marching to the sea. A great4” x 6” cabinet card signed twice with rankshows the famous general in his fullgeneral’s uniform with arms folded andlooking sternly away from the camera. Pub-lished by Sarony, New York. An inscrip-tion on the verso reads, in full: “To Miss.Connie L. Mickle with compliments of W.T.Sherman General. New York March 11,1889”. Interestingly, Connie was the daugh-ter of one of Sherman’s trusted staff officers,William H. Mickle who served with thegeneral towards the end of the war. Veryminor foxing affects the field aboveSherman’s portrait, and one ¼” crease af-fects mount, otherwise near fine. Includedin the lot is a chest-up cabinet card portraitof Connie Mickle published by Hargrave &Gubelman, New York. $1,500 - up

LINCOLN MOURNING BUTTONS* 114[LINCOLN FUNERAL]. A pair of brassmourning buttons taken from a mourningbanner worn during Lincoln’s funeral. Bothremain on the original black fabric that theywere attached to. A nice Lincoln item. Fine. $250 - up

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JOSEPH D. IMBODEN CUTSIGNATURE WITH RANK

* 116JOSEPH D. IMBODEN (1823 -1895)Confederate General who serve under Stone-wall Jackson, severely wounded in theSeven Days campaign. 2 1/2" x 1" mountedto a larger sheet measuring 3" x 6" overall.Cut signature with rank. “JD Imboden BrigGenl.” In excellent condition. $400 - up

ALEXANDER R. LAWTON CUTSIGNATURE

* 117ALEXANDER R. LAWTON (1818 -1896). Confederate Brigadier General.Fought with distinction at Cedar Moun-tain, 2nd Manassas. Severely wounded atDunkard Church during the Battle ofSharpsburg. Cut signature. 2 7/8" x 1" tippedto a larger card measuring 3 1/8" x 2" over-all. “A. R. Lawton”. Some light glue resi-due. Fine. $250 - up

GIDEON J. PILLOW SIGNED CARD* 118GIDEON PILLOW (1806 - 1878). Con-federate Brigadier General. A former law nerof James K. Polk, Pillow was second comtDonelson. He was relieved of his commandfor his inept handling of the surrender.Signed card. 2 7/8" x 1 5/8". “Gid. J. Pil-low”. Some very light toning at center. Oth-erwise, fine. $100 - up

BEVERLY H. ROBERTSON* 119BEVERLY H. ROBERTSON (1827 -1910). Confederate Brigadier General.Served with Stonewall Jackson in theShenandoah Valley campaign andLongstreet at Knoxville. Surrendered withJohnston on April 25, 1865. Card signedwith rank. 3 3/4" x 2 1/4". “Beverly H.Robertson, Brigadier General, ConfederateStates Army” Boldy signed and Very Fine. $250 - up

DAVID A. WEISIGER CUTSIGNATURE

* 120DAVID A. WEISIGER (1818 - 1899).Confederate Brigadier General. Severelywounded at 2nd Manassas, fought withdistinction at the Battle of the Crater.Weisiger was present at John Brown’shanging. Signature cut from the conclusionof a letter and tipped to another sheet. 3 1/4" x 1 3/4". “Respectfully, D. A. Weisiger”. $100 - up

MANSFIELD LOVELL* 121MANSFIELD LOVELL (1822 - 1884)Confederate Major General. CommandedNew Orleans but was forced to surrenderdue to a lack of troops and supplies. 3 1/2"x 2 3/4". Cut signature from a documentmounted to a card. “M Lovell” Very Fine. $150 - up

CUT SIGNATURE OF COLONELGEORGE A. SMITH

* 122GEORGE A. SMITH. Colonel of the 1stConfederate Infantry, later Commanded FortGaines. 4” x 2”. Cut signature from the con-clusion of a letter. “Your Father, Geo. A.Smith”. Fine. $50 - up

* 123ALEXANDER R. BOTELER (1815 -1892). Confederate Congressman. Served onnumerous committees as well as on the staffof Stonewall Jackson and Jeb Stuart. Enve-lope addressed to Secretary of War JamesSeddon.Some light glassine remaining inone corner from an old mounting. Otherwise,Very Fine. $125 - up

* 124AUGUSTUS H. GARLAND (1832 -1899). Youngest member of the ConfederateCongress. Front panel of an envelope ad-dressed to Secretary of War James Seddon.Small loss of paper in upper right cornerabove signature. Some light glassine remain-ing at two corners from an old mounting.Otherwise, Fine. $125 - up

* 125JONNY L. CLEM (1851-1937) “TheDrummer Boy of Chickamauga” One of theUnion’s youngest foot soldiers who atChickamauga shot and killed a Confederateofficer. Later he obtained the rank of majorgeneral and retired from the army as the lastman active in army service who had foughtduring the Civil War. A nice clipped signa-ture, on blue paper, in full: “with sincereregards, John L. Clem, Maj. General”. Re-moved from a letter, closely cut with the topsof the letters of the complimentary closingbeing affected. Some light soiling, else verygood. $200 - up

* 126ETHELBERT BARKSDALE (1824 -1893). Confederate Congressman. Envelopeaddressed to Secretary of War James Seddon.Some light glassine remaining at two cor-ners from an old mounting. Otherwise, VeryFine. $125 - up

EDMUND RUFFINCUT SIGNATURE

* 127EDMUND RUFFIN (1794 - 1865).Seccessionist. An ardent supporter of theConfederate cause, Ruffin was among one ofthe first, if not the first to fire a shot at FortSumter. Upon the collapse of the Confeder-ate army and with the realization of theSouth’s loss, Ruffin committed suicide inJune of 1865. Signature cut from the conclu-sion of a letter on blue paper. 4 1/2" x 1 5/8".“I am, yours, Edmund Ruffin” Fine. $750 - up

MARCUS J. WRIGHT FORAGEDOCUMENT SIGNED ASBRIGADIER GENERAL

* 128Marcus Joseph Wright, aged 91, who heldthe rank of Brigadier General in the Confed-erate Army, died December 27, 1922 at hishome in Washington, D.C. He was the au-thor of a number of histories and memoirs ofthe South. Since 1878 he had been an agentfor the War Department for the collection ofmilitary papers.“He was born at Purdy, Tennessee, and hadpracticed law in that State. He was one ofthe foremost writers on the Confederate sideof the Civil War, and had contributed fiftysketches of Southern commanders toAppleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biog-raphy. With General A. L. Long, he prepared“Memoirs of Robert E. Lee,” and has writ-ten half a dozen other books dealing withUnited States Military history.” $400 - up

JEREMY FRANCIS GILMOUR* 115JEREMY FRANCIS GILMOUR (1818 - 1883). Confederate Major General. A. S.Johnston’s Chief Engineer. Wounded at Shiloh. Considered the finest military engi-neer of the Confederacy. 4 3/4" x 2 1/4". Closing of a letter signed with rank “andoblige, His Obt. Sevt., J. F. Gilmour, Maj. Genl. & Chf. Eng.” A highly desirableConfederate autograph. On blue paper and in Excellent condition. $1,000 - up

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HOWELL COBB SIGNED TWICEAS MAJOR GENERAL

* 130HOWELL COBB. (nephew of HowellCobb [1772-1818]), a Representative fromGeorgia; born at “Cherry Hill,” JeffersonCounty, Ga., September 7, 1815; movedwith his father to Athens, Ga., in child-hood; was graduated from Franklin Col-lege (then a part of the University of Geor-gia), at Athens in 1834; studied law; wasadmitted to the bar and commenced prac-tice in Athens, Ga., in 1836; solicitor gen-eral of the western judicial circuit of Geor-gia 1837-1841; elected as a Democrat tothe Twenty-eighth and to the three suc-ceeding Congresses (March 4, 1843-March3, 1851); chairman, Committee on Mileage(Twenty-eighth Congress); Speaker of theHouse of Representatives (Thirty-firstCongress); Governor of Georgia 1851-1853; elected to the Thirty-fourth Con-gress (March 4, 1855-March 3, 1857); Sec-retary of the Treasury in the Cabinet ofPresident Buchanan and served fromMarch 6, 1857, to December 10, 1860,when he resigned; chairman of the conven-tion of delegates from the seceded Stateswhich assembled in Montgomery, Ala., onFebruary 24, 1861, to form a ConfederateGovernment; appointed a brigadier gen-eral in the Confederate Army February 13,1862, and promoted to major general Sep-tember 9, 1863; surrendered at Macon, Ga.,April 20, 1864; died in New York CityOctober 9, 1868; interment in OconeeCemetery, Athens, Clarke County, GA $400 - up

* 131HENRY H. BELL (1808-1868) Unionnaval commodore who commanded theWestern Gulf Blockading Squadron andtook formal possession of New Orleansafter its fall by raising the United Statesflag over that city’s Custom House. Helatter drowned in Japan after falling over-board. A great war-date signature “For-warded, H. H. Bell Commodore”, [n.p.][n.d.]. Removed from larger document.Overall very good. $125 - up

CONFEDERATE SOLDIER’SSWEETHEART HAS BROTHER IN

THE UNION ARMY* 132 War-date Confederate soldier’s letter, inpencil, 3pp., 7 ¾”x 4” letter sheet, (likelythe only paper he could get), Leesburg, Jan.25, 1862, in which 1st Sgt. Robert Isbell,Co. B, 2nd Va. Cavalry, writes his sister Anna,in part: “…the weather is so bad that theYankees ant cross the river to amuse us alittle. We expect to have a grand time of it assoon as the weather gets so that the Yan-kees can advance. I am very sorry to hear ofour defeat in Ky. I hope our troops therewill meet with better success the nexttime…My sweet heart has two single sis-ters. Her father is dead. She has two broth-ers in the Southern Army and one in theNorthern. Please send the enclosed lettersto M. J. She wrote for a ring I had of hers …Iforgot to say that my sweetheart is a strictmember of the Episcopal Church…”. Alsoincluded is a copy of Isbell’s serve record.Isbell joined the regiment in May 1861 andserved faithfully throughout the war. Rais-ing to the rank of 2nd lieutenant, he waseventually wounded at Todd’s Tavern dur-ing May 1864. Very good. $250 - up

* 133GIDEON WELLES (1802-1878) TheNorth’s secretary of the navy under Lin-coln. A nice war-date partly-printed D.S.“Gideon Welles” 1p. 4to., Navy Depart-ment, Nov. 16, 1863 concerning the ap-pointment of Acting Master Robert H. Careyto command the Bark W. G. Anderson in theGulf of Mexico, in part: “…you will reportto Commodore H.H. Bell for such duty as hemay assign…”. Incidentally, Carey servedfaithfully throughout the war sailing theSouthern coast from South Carolina to Texasand is mentioned several times in the Offi-cial Records of the Navy. Minor soiling withfolds, otherwise very good. $200 - up

UNION PRISONERS RECRUITED TO BECOME CONFEDERATESOLDIERS E.S.

REQUISITION FOR CLOTHING WAR HOSPITAL AUGUSTAGEORGIA NOVEMBER 2,1864

* 129Clothing Nineteen Union Prisoners Recruited to Become Confederate SoldiersTruly one of the most unique pieces of Civil War History, unknown until now.Knowledge on this subject is fleeting can not well document to say the least.Volumes could be written about this particular document. It’s discovery andimportance to History cannot be overstated. Surgeon Brown state “For federalRecruits sick in this Hospital who are destitute of clothing. They need Jackets,pants, shirts, drawers, shoes, caps and blankets.The plan to recruit federal prisoners form the hellholes of the south seems auda-cious, if not incredible given the widespread knowledge and well publishedreputation of the camps given by eyewitnesses. It also speaks to the level ofdesperation that the Confederacy had fallen in order to meet the manpower needsof the armies in the field, particularly in the west. One is left to contemplate theidea that Confederate authorities actually convinced themselves that the planmight bear fruit. The idea to recruit “malcontents” as well ad “Irish foreigners”from behind the wall of the prisons seems to have germinated with Colonel J.G.O’Neil of the 10th Tennessee sometime after the fall of Atlanta and while the Armysought to reorganize itself under General Hood. The 10th Tennessee of WilliamBates Division had suffered proportionally in 1863- 64 taking sever losses,notably at Chickamauga, and was but a ghost of its former self after Atlanta. WhetherO’Neil first thought to gather fellow Irishmen from the camps and ended up re-cruiting the “more discontented” as an afterthought is unknown. What is certainis that by early September O’Neil had kicked the idea up the chain of commandand had the concurrence of his superiors including General Bates and the ArmyCommander, General Hood. Thus General Hood issued Special Field Order No.130, dated October 11, 1864, that director Colonel O’Neil and Captain HenryRice to proceed to Millen, Georgia and such points as they deem necessary for therecruitment of Federal Prisoners. Andersonville was to be the principle prisonfor Recruitment. Colonel O’Neil then issued General Orders to officers of the 10th

Tennessee Infantry who either had been wounded and declared unfit for fieldservice or who no longer had a command. These officers were detailed for specialduty to recruit Federal Prisoner. At least ten officers from the 10th Tennessee andtwo from the fifteenth would ultimately be detailed. Thus the recruitment began.Undoubtedly many of these men weighted their circumstances and found theprospect of Confederate service more tolerable than life inside the stockade. Theexact number of Federal Prisoners recruited and equipped probably will never beknown. At this point the troops had to join Hood’s Army on their march toFranklin and Nashville, Tennessee. With General Hood’s defeat at Nashville,remnants of his army crossed the Tennessee River on December 25, 1864. OnDecember 28, 1864 at Egypt Station in Mississippi, Lt. Colonel Burke and 253former Federal Prisoners who were recruited at Andersonville Prison were cap-tured by General Benjamin Grierson’s Troops, Thus bringing to a conclusion amost unusual chapter in the history of the Confederacy. Signed by all nineteensoldiers and Wm. H. Doughty as Surgeon in charge one signing with an X mar.$5,000 - up

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AN EXCEEDINGLY RARE AND HIGHLY INTERESTING ACCOUNTING OF DEAD SOLDIERS CLOTHING FOR TWO CONFEDERATE PRIVATES

* 134Pvt. Marion Jackson, 29th GA and Pvt. Samuel Juggs, 49th TN. Two related documents written in long hand conforming the General Orders No. 80. And 49 that account orthe effects to two expired Confederate soldiers from the wards of Blackie General hospital, Augusta, Georgia, dated November 1, 1864 and officially endorsed in the handof John G. Boatwright, “Surgeon in Charge.” The Confederate Adjutant and inspector-General promulgated General Order No. 80 on October 30, 1862 which, in part,required “Surgeons and assistant surgeons in charge of military hospitals” to formally inventory the personal effects of their deceased charges, including money, and forwarda mandatory descriptive list with any “certificate” directly to the “Second Auditor of the Treasury of the Confederate States” for disposition. A concurrent directive under

General Order No. 49 (amended under G.O. No. 93, July 30, 1863) had required that the “appraise-ment of deceased soldiers’ clothing shall be made after it has been washed and put in condition bythe quartermaster.” This unusual pair of documents provides a textbook example of the regulationsin force. Importantly, the clear implication is that government issue clothing turned over to thesurgeon in charge was routinely refurbished and then reissued in the Confederate army. The docu-ments attest to the fact that clothing belonging to Private Juggs was properly turned over tot hequartermaster, Major Henry T. Massengale, by John Boatwright, the “Surgeon in Charge” in accor-dance with standing regulations. As the “$3.00” valuation for Private Juggs includes only “draw-ers and socks” and no other items of military uniform it may e surmised that the scant articles hadbeen issued for hospital use and were simply being brought back into inventory via thequartermaster’s authority No government clothing is listed for Private Jackson suggesting that hisgarments (whatever they were) were items of personal property or commutation, therefore not sub-ject to the standard bureaucratic procedure. However, Private Jackson died leaving $20.00 cashthat Surgeon Boatwright correctly accounted for in the second document (G.O. No. 80) labeled and“invoice of monies.” Ostensibly, the “invoice” and funds would be retained by Richmond pendinga claim by Samuel Jackson’s legal heir. Fortunately the names of the deceased privates, Juggs andJackson, are not completely faceless. Confederate service records provide some fragmentary infor-mation that conveys a sense of their vitality. Both Juggs and Jackson were veteran soldiers whodied at Blackie Hospital at Augusta in late October 1864, part of the large contingent of sick andwounded dispersed to various location during the evacuation of the massive Atlanta hospitalcomplex before the city’s capitulation. Neither man can be confirmed as a battle casualty and, in fact,both men are recorded as having been hospitalized as early as February 1864, Pvt. Jackson with“diarrhea and chronic emaciation with debility” Pvt. Juggs with an undisclosed infirmity that kepthim from returning to duty until May 3, 1864. Both men were early to the colors and had alreadyseen extensive campaigning with the Army of Tennessee. Marion Jackson joined Company D., 29th

Georgia Infantry on August 1, 1861 and survived the fighting around Vicksburg, Chickamauga,and Chattanooga before being declared unfit by a medal board on February 23, 1864 and grantedsixty days home furlough to recover. Jackson was too sick to travel and spent he summer in anAtlanta hospital before transferring to Blackie on October 7, 1864 where he died from the lingeringeffects of disease on October 20, 1864. Private James T. Juggs mustered into Company D., 49th

Tennessee Infantry on December 10, 1861 and was taken prisoner with his regiment when FortDonelson fell on February 16, 1862, Juggs was sent to Camp Douglas in Chicago before beingexchanged returned to Vicksburg on September 5, 1862. The 49th Tennessee participated in theVicksburg campaign at Jackson, Mississippi and the Atlanta fighting. Juggs was confined to thehospital on February 14, 1864 for an unknown ailment but had recovered sufficiently to return toduty in May just as the battle for Atlanta was starting. This suggests that Samuel Juggs could have

been wounded sometime during the summer though he is not listed as such. Quartermaster Massengal took possession of Private Juggs’ effects on November 1, 1864 withthe exact date of his death going unrecorded. Of Henry T. Massengal much has already been written about his lengthy service with the Army of Tennessee QuartermasterDepartment and the voluminous archive that he kept. The esteemed Dr. John G. Boatwright was appointed Assistant Surgeon from Virginia on September 13, 1861 andpromoted to Surgeon on December 12, 1862 while serving in the hospital at Culpepper, Virginia. In January 1863 he was transferred to Farmville Hospital and later toLynchburg, Virginia. Boatwright was then assigned to the burgeoning Atlanta complex and ultimately to Blackie Hospital in Augusta on October 4, 1864 as Surgeon inCharge. We are able to extract from this fine pair of documents a number of interrelated, indeed multi-dimensional, historical details that collectively offer a fresh perspectiveof the Army of Tennessee. The condition of both documents is exceptional, the full sheet exhibiting some minor period ink satins and corrections with numeral deliberatelycrossed out inside the hand drawn box of columns and rows. $5,000 - up

KU KLUX TRIALS IN RECONSTRUCTION SOUTH CAROLINA* 135A highly unusual, important, and by its very nature, incredibly scarce compilation of the transcripts of the court testimony in trials given by the Federal government, entitled:”Proceedings in the Klux trials at Columbia, S.C., in the United States Circuit Court, November Term, 1871". This massive compilation of Court testimony, comprehensivelyindexed by subject, was printed by the State Government printers, and evidently intended to provide a readily accessible record of the proceedings. In over 800 pages oftestimony almost entirely provided by the Klan’s victims and former members now testifying for the Federal Government, the Klan is shown to be far different from theromanticized image portrayed in such works as “Birth of a Nation”. Instead, we are provided with numerous graphic descriptions of a loosely organized gang of sadistic thugswho engaged in almost every conceivable form of crime, including but not limited to larceny, savage whippings and beatings, the burning of houses, barns, and other property,shootings, hangings, and rape. In one example, a black woman testifies that when the Klan broke into her house and found her husband absent, three of them drug her into thestreet and raped her. Though robed and hooded, she recognized all of them and gave their names to the court. These trials were brought about as a result of charges made againstKlan members by the Federal Government, accusing Klan members of participating in a conspiracy to deprive newly freed blacks of their civil rights, in particular the rightto vote. In the testimony given by former Klansmen it becomes clear that this was indeed one of the Klan’s overriding objectives, as blacks thought to be active in politics, particularly those belonging to an organization of Radical Republicans known as the Union League, were singled out for punishment. Another overriding concern of theKlan was that blacks were being given rifles by the government and organized into militia units. In every home that they visited, the Klansmen searched for weapons and warnedthe occupants against voting Republican. It is interesting to not that the legislation the federal Government used in prosecuting these cases would be revived nearly onehundred years later to be used against the Klan during the Civil rights movement of the 1960’s . This book , which is absolutely fascinating to read, was a local governmentpublication with limited production, and it is likely that few copies have survived to the present day. It was hard bound in the nineteenth century, and except for soiling andwear on the title page, which originally served as the books cover, is in very good condition. $500 - up

22

THE CONFEDERATE GOVERN-MENT SETS THE COST OF

CLOTHING FOR ITS SOLDIERS* 136A great Confederate imprint, being a 1p.8vo., circular of General Orders No. 146,Richmond, Va., Nov. 9, 1863, ordering that:“…for the information and guidance of allconcerned…for the year commencing Janu-ary 1st, 1864…soldiers will be charged andcredited on account of clothing…theserates, and not at invoice prices…caps,complete…$2.00…trowsers…12.00…blanket…10.00…”.An itemized list of thirteen essential piecesof clothing for the Confederate soldier arelisted and gives an intriguing look at whatthe government considered fair marketvalue during a time of rapid inflationthroughout the South. Perhaps and moreimportantly, this circular was issued as ameans of countering the high cost of cloth-ing in the civilian market. One exampleshows that the soldier was to be charged$10.00 for shoes and contemporary re-sources indicate that private merchantswere selling these same shoes for doubleand triple the government listed prices.Overall very good to near fine. $125 - up

* 137A SCARCE WAR DATE DOCUMENT

SIGNED BY CONFEDERATEGENERAL B. D. FRY WHO LED ABRIGADE DURING PICKETT’S

CHARGE

BIRKETT DAVENPORT FRY (1822 -1891). Led a brigade a Gettysburg duringPickett’s Charge. DS. 1 page. Oct. 1864. 171/2” x 12”. Signed as Brigadier Generalwhile Commanding Post. Partly-printedacknowledgement signed by six soldiersacknowleding their receipt of pay. It is in-teresting to note that one is listed as a con-script. A choice document signed by Fry.Couple of folds and in Excellent condition. $2,000 - up

CONFEDERATE GOVERNORDECLARES THAT THE SLAVES

THEMSELVES CAUSED THE WAR* 139 A fascinating Union imprint, being a 1p.8vo., circular of General Orders No. 58, New

Orleans, La., Oct. 11, 1864 issued by UnionMajor General Canby concerning a highlycontroversial letter written by ConfederateBrigadier General and Governor of Louisi-ana, Henry W. Allen to Secretary of War,James Seddon on Sept. 26, 1864, in smallpart: “The time has come for us to put intothe army every able-bodied negroman…Congress should…take action onthis highly important question. The negroknows that that he cannot escape conscrip-tion if he goes to the enemy. He must play animportant part in the war. He caused thefight, and will have his portion of the bur-den to bear…negroes can be taught tofight…all who leave us are made to fightagainst us. I would free all able to bear arms,and put them into the field at once…”. Afterbeing elected Confederate governor of Loui-siana, one of Allen’s first tasks was to writethis rather obtuse letter which apparentlyraised the ire of Union General Canby whoissued this circular with this to add, in part:“The subjoined extract [is] from…Henry W.Allen styling himself Governor ofLouisiana…the class of persons to whom itrefers, will not be conscripted into the

Armies of the United States, If they comewithin our lines all will be freed, and theywill received and treated as refugees. Theywill be accepted as volunteers…and theirfamilies will be cared for until they are in acondition to care for them…”. Overall goodto very good with folds and some spot-ting, on blue onion skin paper. $250 - up

* 140CONFEDERATE NCO LOOKS FOR ASUBSTITUTE TWO WEEKS BEFORETHE END OF THE WAR: A great war-date Confederate letter, in pencil, 2pp. 4to.,“Camp 11th Va. Inf., Near Richmond on NineMile Road,” March 23, [1865] to Lieut.Isbell 2nd Virginia Cavalry concerning thedesperate request of Sgt. Charles W. Will-iams who was looking to transfer out ofthe infantry, in part: “…I have been mak-ing an effort strong to W. P. Edwards ofyour Co. to get an exchange (or swap) intoyour Co. or to the 2nd Va. Cavalry. He wroteme some time since that he had partiallyengaged a man for me & as he expected togo home soon he would leave the matter inyour hands for completion. The manengaged…was F. Godfrey-though he saidthere were others…take the case in hand &secure me a good man you will confer a

lasting favor. I authorized [?] to pay as muchas $2200 for a man that could come wellrecommended & bring a Surgeons certifi-cate that he be able to perform infantry duty.For such a man I will pay the same price. I amable and willing to keep myself wellmounted as you well know…I prefer Co. Bbut rather than fail would exchange in anyCo. in the regiment. The money will be paidas soon as the exchange is completed…”.Williams’ anxiety at the thoughts of hav-ing to march in the coming campaign of theSpring show through, but unfortunately hisrequest was never unfilled since Williamswas captured just over a week later at thebattle of Five Forks. Moderate paper lossalong one fold slightly affects content.Overall very good. $250 - up

A FANTASTIC WAR DATE DOCUMENT SIGNED TWICE BY JOHNHUNT MORGAN AS BRIGADIER GENERAL

* 138GENERAL JOHN HUNT MORGAN. John Hunt Morgan was born June 1,1825 in Huntsville, Alabama, and moved to Lexington, Kentucky, as a youngboy. He supported Kentucky neutrality at the start of the war but was compelledto join the Confederate forces after his state declared its support for the Union. Heofficially enlisted in the Confederate Army on October 27, 1861, and was quicklypromoted to the rank of Colonel after leading the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry on asuccessful campaign behind enemy lines.

Morgan’s guerrilla tactics earned him the nickname “Francis Marion of the War”and inspired the Confederacy’s Partisan Ranger Act of April 21, 1862 whichauthorized President Davis to commission units of Partisan Rangers for detachedguerrilla operations. Morgan was infamous for his raids from Tennessee intoKentucky by which he would not only disrupt enemy communications by tap-ping into Union telegraph lines, but also round up fresh troops and supplies forthe Confederate Army. The raids of the romantic Morgan thrilled Southernersthroughout the Confederacy and struck fear in the heart of many a Yankee.Morgan went on to be promoted to Brigadier General and commander of the De-partment of Western Virginia and East Tennessee. On September 4, 1864, Gen.John Hunt Morgan was killed in Tennessee en route to attack federal forces atKnoxville, leaving behind his wife, Martha, pregnant with their daughter. He isburied in the city of Lexington where an equestrian statue, unveiled in 1911,exemplifies his appeal as a symbol of the Confederate cause. $5,000 - up

23

A 20TH MAINE SOLDIER

The following two letters were written byJohn W. Doten, a private in the 20th Maine.Doten served in Company G of the 20th Maine.Author John Pullen’s account in the Regi-mental History, “20th Maine” details theevents Doten describes. There was rumourof surrender, but the two armies, squared offfor battle knew not if there would be surren-der or more fighting. Doten bears witnessto Lee’s surrender and the stacking or arms.Sadly, after surviving the rigors of battle,Doten succumbed to disease and died onJune 8, 1865.

JOHN W. DOTEN, A PRIVATE FROMTHE 20TH MAINE SENDS A LETTER

HOME DETAILING CAMPCONDITIONS, A SOLDIERS

SUICIDE AND INCLUDES A HANDDRAWN MAP OF THE CAMP

* 141Camp, 20th Maine. Va. January 20, 1865. Tohis brother Doten writes in part; “…Myhealth is very good now and I hope thiswill find you all well at home and goingalong nicely. I believe my health is betternow than it has been since I left home…itseems to be the opinion of a great many outhere that there will not be much more fight-ing and I hop it will be so for I don’t hankerto fight…There was a man shot himselfnight before last on the picket line, it seemsthe cause was some trouble at home. He shothimself through the head, the ball went inunder his chin and came out the top of hishead. One of my tentmates was out on picketwhen he done it, he sees him after he wasdead. They buried him out there in hisclothes and blanket: I believe he belongedto a Pennsylvania Regt.” Continuing on,Doten makes reference and details his handdrawn map of the camp which accompaniesthe letter; “I am going to send you a plan ofour Regt. It is not very plain but you cantell somewhere near how it lays, you willsee the streets marked and the tents aremarked, as where the tents are the tent doorsopen out into the street and the chimneysare on the backside of the tents…” A fineletter offering a nicely detailed account ofthe conditions of a soldier’s suicideDoten’s map clearly outlines the locationof all of the companies in his regiment andtheir alignment of tents. His reference to poorhealth may offer a foreshadowing of the dis-ease which would take his life sadly, justshortly after the surrender of Lee’s army atAppomattox. $400 - up

JOHN W. DOTEN OF THE 20TH

MAINE DETAILS THE STACKINGOF CONFEDERATE ARMS

FOLLOWING LEE’S SURRENDERAT APPOMATTOX

* 142Va., Apr. 19, 1865.

“I TELL YOU Thad, I have seen some prettyrough times lately. Since we broke camp wehave been marching and fighting prettyhard, we were formed in line of battle andadvancing on the Johnies when this flag oftruce come into our lines with the word thatGen. Lee would surrender. I tell you thefiring stopped pretty quick and when it wasreported that Lee had surrendered you bet-ter believe there was some cheering andswinging this old stars and stripes…I amin hopes not tho have to serve my time outfor I think this war is almost gone up. I amvery well contented and I mean to keep upgood courage for I have been spared throughsome of the dangers of war and I hope I nevershall have to go into another battle…”Doten continues on detailing the Confed-erate surrender; “Oh I tell you it was a prettysight to see the Johnies come into our linesand stack their guns and flags, we weredrawn up in line and the come up in frontand stacked arms, you better believe we wereglad boys about that time…” After a bit ofdiscussion concerning camp conditionsand food Doten makes reference toLincoln’s funeral; “Abraham Lincoln’sfuneral sermon was preached this morningfrom Matthew 14-8” In an interesting andcurious postscript, Doten promises hisbrother “I will send you a piece of the treethat Gen. Lee surrendered under.” A choiceletter. The letter has been repaired alongfold splits. $1,000 - up

RARE WAR DATE SIGNATURE OFPAUL SEMMES ON A

CONFEDERATE COVER* 143PAUL SEMMES (1815-1863). Confeder-ate brigadier general who commanded a bri-gade at Seven Pines and in the Seven Days,defended Marye’s Height atFredericksburg, and was killed at theWheatfield at Gettysburg. Exceptionallyrare war date signature in the form of a Con-federate cover mailed to: “Mrs. Paul J.Semmes, Washington, Georgia”, bearing aConfederate 5 cent stamp, with the date andlocation positively established by thepostal cancel as being “Richmond, Va. May190, 1862”. The postal cancel, with the ex-ception of the “Y” in “May”, is extremelystrong, and in the context of the cover , es-tablishes the date and the authenticity ofthe signature. It is interesting to note thatSemmes sent the letter to his wife postagedue! Semmes is rare in any form , and wardate material is virtually unheard of, thisbeing the first example known to us. Somesoiling, minor tears on the envelope wellaway from the signature, otherwise verygood. $900 - up

* 144PROBABLE PINKERTON SPY RINGIS COMPOMISED: A great war-date Con-federate A.L.S. “Warner Lewis” as aide decamp to Confederate General John Winder,1p. 4to., Richmond, [Va.], May 6, 1862 tothe Provost Marshall of Richmond, MajorGriswold concerning the cases of a certain

Mr. McMillan of Kings County, Va. andsoldier James S. Lefoe, in part: “I am directedby General Winder to request that you re-port upon the cases of…McMillan fromKing George [County] charged [with] dis-loyalty [and] Jas. S. Lafoe, Disloyalty, De-serted & Spy, arrested by order of L.Lynneman of the Infirmary corps...”. By theearly Spring 1862, Allan Pinkerton hadbeen authorized by Union General GeorgeB. McClellan to recruit Southern civiliansand soldiers in order to aid the general inhis drive to capture the Confederate capi-tol. Pinkerton meet with great success andsoon had a huge spy network in place-thesepeople helped form the nucleus of whatwould become known today as the SecretService. This document strongly suggeststhat these two men were perhaps part of alarge spy ring that had developed. By May1862, the network extended as far south asRichmond and had many operatives work-ing for them throughout the Confederatearmy. As there were no Confederate soldiersnamed “James S. Lefoe” ever recorded ashaving fought for the South we are led tobelieve that this name is an alias. Perhapsthe ostensible soldier and civilian wereworking together hoping to bring someuseful information to the Union army as itdrove its way towards Richmond duringthe Peninsular campaign. Thus, this docu-ment is worthy of further research. Very goodto near fine. $300 - up

* 145BENJAMIN H. GRIERSON (1826-1911) Union brigadier general of cavalrywho led one of the most daring raids of thewar by riding from La Grange, Tenn. to Ba-ton Rouge during Grant’s spring, 1863drive to capture Vicksburg. A good E.S. “B.H. Grierson”, adding rank in another hand,Huntsville, [Ala.], Dec. 1, 1865 on the versoof the attached leaf to a 1p. 4to., “Office ofAsst. Comiy. of Musters”, Huntsville, Ala.,Nov. 30, 1865, transfer request made byCapt. William Barrett, 40th U.S.C.T., whodesires to be returned from detached serviceto his regiment. Fold separations, not af-fecting signature, with some light soiling,else very good. $200 - up

24

JOHN PEMBERTON-INVENTOR OF COCA COLA

* 146It was a prohibition law, enacted in Atlanta in 1886, that persuaded physi-cian and chemist Dr. John Smith Pemberton to rename and rewrite the for-mula for his popular nerve tonic, stimulant and headache remedy,“Pemberton’s French Wine Coca,” sold at that time by most, if not all, of thecity’s druggists.So when the new Coca-Cola debuted later that year—still possessing “thevaluable tonic and nerve stimulant properties of the coca plant and colanuts,” yet sweetened with sugar instead of wine—Pemberton advertised itnot only as a “delicious, exhilarating, refreshing and invigorating” soda-fountain beverage but also as the ideal “temperance drink.”Though Pemberton died just two years later—five months, in fact, after hisMarch 24, 1888, filing for incorporation of the first Coca-Cola Co.—thetrademark he and his partners created more than one hundred years ago canclaim wider recognition today than that of any other brand in the world.And the Coca-Cola beverage, whose unit sales totaled a mere 3,200 serv-ings in 1886 (“nine drinks per day” based on the twenty-five gallons ofsyrup sold to drugstores by Pemberton Chemical Co.), is today called theworld’s most popular soft drink—accounting for billions of servings atrestaurants in 195 countries.Such is the commercial legacy of a onetime Confederate lieutenant colo-nel who earned his medical degree at the age of nineteen, who served onthe first Georgia pharmacy licensing board, who set up a top-rated labo-ratory for chemical analysis and manufacturing, and who, in his dozen-and-a-half years in Atlanta, established eighteen business ventures—including one, the Coca-Cola Co.Notwithstanding Pemberton’s numerous professional and entrepreneurialaccomplishments, however, Coca-Cola historians characterize him as “a

local pharmacist” who concocted the world’s most craved soft-drink syrup in a three-legged brass pot in his backyard. “Coca-Cola was not the creation of an inept, small-time corner druggist,” said archivist Monroe Martin King, who has spent twenty-one years researching the life of John Pemberton—from his childhood in Rome, Ga., to hiscollege days in Macon to his enterprising years in Atlanta. “He’s occasionally portrayed as a wandering medicine man,” King added. “But Dr. Pemberton worked in a fullyoutfitted laboratory and claimed to manufacture every chemical and pharmaceutical preparation used in the arts and sciences.” According to King, Pemberton’s analyticallaboratory became the first state-run facility to conduct tests of soil and crop chemicals. It continues to be operated by the Georgia Department of Agriculture. King furthernoted that Pemberton, who practiced medicine and surgery as a young man and later became a trustee of the former Emory University School of Medicine, earned a solidreputation for his skill in chemistry and his work in medical reform.But King feels the Coca-Cola Co. of today drew an accurate conclusion when it stated: “Dr. Pemberton never fully realized the potential of the beverage he created.”Indeed, while Pemberton gets credit for the formula behind the Coca-Cola taste, he has had capable successors in Asa Candler, Robert Woodruff and Roberto Goizueta—menwho built the product and the company into an icon of pleasure and profit. According to King, Pemberton actually remained more interested in expanding the market for FrenchWine Coca, a product based on the formula for another extremely popular coca-based beverage, Vin Mariani, which had been developed in Paris in 1863. So when Atlanta’sprohibition act was repealed in 1887, only a year after its passage, Pemberton resumed the manufacture and sale of his original patent medicine, leaving his son Charles tooversee the production of Coca-Cola.Although Pemberton may have envisioned a future for his soft-drink creation—enticing six Atlanta businessmen to invest in the start-up Coca-Cola enterprise—for reasons that remain a mystery he soon began selling his interest in the formula. “Dr. Pemberton . . . must have believed that it had little valueand no potential assurance of substantial success,” said Charles Candler in a 1953 biographical sketch about his father, titled “Asa Griggs Candler, Coca-Cola and EmoryCollege.” Asa Candler, who, according to King, had worked for Pemberton as early as 1872, wound up, after a series of transactions, controlling the company within a shorttime of Pemberton’s death. By 1891 he owned all of the Coca-Cola business.Charles Candler relates that one of his father’s first missions was to change the original Pemberton formula in order “to improve the taste of the product, to ensure its uniformityand its stability.” According to Asa Candler’s son, Candler hired Pemberton’s former partner, Frank Robinson. The two of them, “by adding essential ingredients and takingothers out . . . perfected the formula,” Charles Candler said. In fact, it was Robinson who created the Coca-Cola name and script logo, convincing the company to tie the classicslogan “delicious and refreshing” into all future advertising. After the turn of the century, when federal and state authorities began writing regulations to ban the sale of cocaproducts because of their supposed contamination with the drug cocaine, Coca-Cola lawyers argued strenuously that their syrup contained only a minuscule flavor extractof the coca leaf. Coca-Cola attorneys also were called to battle against competitors who called the product name a misrepresentation if, as argued, its principal ingredientswere neither the coca leaf nor the kola nut—a source of caffeine that made the early beverage useful in healing headaches.Despite such obstacles, Candler’s prowess as a merchandiser had driven the widely promoted Coca-Cola beverage into “every state and territory in the United States” by1895. Considered a pioneer in coupon promotions, Candler offered two gallons of Coca-Cola syrup “to any retailer or soda fountain man” who would dispense 128 freeservings (a gallon’s worth) of the beverage to customers who showed up with one of his cards.Not only were syrup manufacturing facilities opening in such cities as Dallas, Chicago and Los Angeles, but a network of bottlers was being created nationwide as well.Under Woodruff’s tenure, from 1923 until 1981, Coca-Cola rose from national to international dominance—a move accompanied by the early, explosive growth of the bottledbeverage. By 1928 bottled sales had eclipsed fountain sales, thanks to the pioneering introduction of a carton now popularly called the six-pack. The following year thecompany introduced metal open-top coolers. Then in 1933 at the Chicago World Fair automatic fountain dispensers made their debut.Having expanded the brand into fourty-four countries by the outbreak of World War II, Woodruff, within fifteen years of the war’s end, had managed to double that number.“Now the saying is you have to be global,” said Goizueta, Coca-Cola’s current chairman and chief executive. “We were global when global wasn’t cool.”Two decades later, when Coca-Cola’s board elected Goizueta to the post of chairman and chief executive, the company was embarked on a financial mission—to become oneof the best-performing corporations in America.

Average annual fountain-sales growth under Goizueta has continued to surge. And despite consumer uproar over the company’s attempted Coca-Cola reformulation in 1985,the introduction of Diet Coke in 1982 was hailed as the most successful product launch of the past decade.Yet none of the company’s strides in marketing, international expansion, product innovation or profit growth could have happened had it not been for Coca-Cola’s inventor,John Pemberton. Atlanta druggists—Asa Candler among them—closed their stores on the day of Pemberton’s funeral “and attended the services in mass as a tribute ofrespect,” according to newspaper records from that era. “On that day,” declared archivist Monroe King, “not one drop of Coca-Cola was dispensed in the entire city.” $1,500 - up

25

UNITED STATE CURRENCY USEDTO AID CLANDESTINE CONFEDER-

ATE OPERATIONS* 147A war-date letter from a certain Mr. R.Gudgell 2pp., 8vo., Owingsville, Ky., July2, 1864 concerning a pair of looted UnitedStates treasury certificates captured duringConfederate General John Morgan’s raidinto Kentucky in 1864, in part: “On the 7th

June I mailed…H.H. Dougherty…two trea-sury certificates issued to W[illia]m…andJoshua King late privates Co. C 4th Ky. Vol.Infy…each of the said certificates were trans-ferred in blank and were captured by JohnMorgan’s Raiders on the 8 June at Mt. Ster-ling. I fear some one will attempt their col-lection. So if they should be presented toyou for payment by anyone. You will refusepayment and have the holders…arrested andinform me of the fact that we may have himduly prosecuted…” . Growing restlessguarding the Confederacy’s salt supply atSaltville, Virginia. Morgan hatched agrandly flamboyant scheme to shake theNorth’s grip on Kentucky. The planned raidwas to be the pre-arraigned signal for thecitizens of the state to openly rebel againsttheir Union captors. Morgan began his raidon July 2, 1864 and reached Mount Ster-ling on the morning of July 8. After captur-ing the town’s garrison, Morgan’s men,flush with victory, raided the local bank andrelieved its vaults of eighty thousand dol-lars. News of the robbery reached an indig-nant North and its military commanderstook swift action. Within a day of the raidUnion forces met and trounced the exhaustedConfederate force making this Morgan’slast raid before being killed by a Unioncavalryman later that year. As for the money,some believe that it was used to operateclandestine operations in the North andCanada. Some folds otherwise very good tonear fine. $300 - up

* 148ROGER A. PRYOR (1828-1919) Confed-erate brigadier general who was offered tofire the first shot at Fort Sumter and was latercaptured at Petersburg. A great signaturereading, in full: “New York 30th Aug: 1889.Very Respectfully Roger A. Pryor”. Re-moved from larger document and mountedon thin mount. $125 - up

* 149NAKED UNION OFFICER RETURNSTO CAMP: An early war-date A.L.S. fromPvt. Myron Herbert 21st New York, withthree wonderfully colorized patriotic mo-tifs in the upper left-hand corners, 10pp.,8vo., Camp Buffalo [Alexandria, Va.], Sept.24, 1861 concerning a rather bizarre inci-dent in which an officer of the regiment en-countered one ultra mean animal or either asuper angry Rebel, in very small part: “…weare at this time within one mile of the enemy.I can see them as plane as any thing…thereare at work making a big fort right in sightof our pickets on…Munson’s Hill. Theyhave got it pretty near done with 18 or 20cannon in it. On our side is a brestwork…about 6 feet high and 13 feet throughabout 3 miles long…we have got 4 or 5 fortsin one line…we are encamped in the woodson old Gen. Lee’s farm.His dwelling houseis converted into the headquarters of Gen.McDowell…Gen. Wadsworth and Gen.McDowell had a division reviewyesterday…it was a very fine sight indeedabout 1100 men in one string…when theregiment got back to quarters the word waspassed through the camp that Gen.McClelland was coming to inspect theknapsacks and ever man had to turnout…before his tent…while I sitwriting…they are fighting about 2 milesfrom here…I hope the Union boys will givethem fits and learn them to take ajoke…the left wing of our regiment startedthis morning out on picket…some will ei-ther get shot or taken prisoner…I went outto a house…the woman…told me that thenext house was all secesh folks [and] theywere rich and we stole about fifty hens anda yearling calf…a little incident happened

yesterday morning…the left wing of the 23rd

[N.Y.] regiment…was out on picket dutyand one of our lieutenants thought hewould play smart and go see what hecould…he went and the first thing any one[saw] of him he was coming into camp withnothing on him but his drawers and themwas most torn off…he had got shot in thearm…his face was all bloody…he had a re-volver in his hand and he was so scared thatit was a long time before he could speak.Finally the first word he said was I’ve killedhim…he did not know that they [the sol-diers] was laughing at him…he had killedhim was all he could say but the doctor tookhim off to his tent and I guess he will findhow to talk after a while and the next time hegoes outside the camp he will be more care-ful…”. Overall a great letter in which thewriter pokes fun at the Confederacy by re-ferring to the causes of the war as a minorjoke, but forgets that whatever or whom-ever the officer encountered was not amused.Very minor toning, else very good to nearfine. $300 - up

CONFEDERATE OFFICER WRITESHOME IN THE CLOSING

DAYS OF THE WAR* 150Confederate soldier’s letter, 1p. 8vo., C.S.Ordinance Department, Lynchburg, Va.,March 14, 1865, in which Lt. FieldingLewis Marshall of Co. H. 6th Va. Cav. , whileon detached duty with the Ordinance De-partment in the closing days of the War,writes to his family . Formally a plantationowner now turned soldier, Marshall wouldlater chronicle his wartime experiences inhis book:” Recollections and Reflections(1911)”. His letter reads, in part:”…I havethought of you so often since I left you …Myheart has bounded with gratitude to Godthat the Yanks did little or no damage …toCharlottesville. It was with the greatestdifficulty that I could swing up on the freighttrain that left Charlottesville at eleveno’clock at night, & had to stand up on theplatform of a box car for some time …It wasmy duty to get back to this place by the firstopportunity or I would not have left you.As it turned out it was well [ that ] I cameround by Richmond. I heard from [ the ] chil-dren on 7th all well and in good heart thankGod. You must get to them as soon as youcan ….” Very good condition. $200 - up

* 151NATHANIEL LYON (1818-1861) Unionbrigadier general who single handedlywaged war against pro-Southern forces inMissouri. His success led to his being ap-pointed the supreme Union commander inthe state only to become the first Uniongeneral killed during the war, at the battleof Wilson’ Creek August 1861. A.L.S. “N.Lyon” as captain in the 2nd United StatesInfantry, 1p., 4to., Fort Randall, N.T. [Ne-braska Territory], Dec. 31, 1858 to Chief ofOrdnance of the U. S. Army, Col. Henry K.Craig concerning a quarterly report and adispute over supplies sent to the St. LouisArsenal, in part: “…I respectfully transmitthe quarterly return ofordnance…pertaining to Company B…Ialso enclosed an affidavit showing that the1000 blank cartridges invoiced to Maj. Bellat the St. Louis Arsenal, and which he hasnot receipted…were turned over by me tothe Qr. Mr. at this post for the purpose oftransfer to that place…”. Interestingly, Lyonwas placed in charge of the arsenal in Feb-ruary 1861, and when hostilities broke outin the state he became one of the staunchestUnion officers in the state. As tensionsmounted between Federal troops the pub-lic in the spring, Lyon marched on and dis-banded a large contingent of disloyal citi-zens who planned to attack and seize thearsenal for the South squelching the threatby mid May. On May 25, 1861, Major Wil-liam Bell, a Southerner by birth resignedhis commission and returned to his homestate. Minor toning at the folds with oneslight separation affecting nothing, elsevery good to near fine. $1,000 - up

* 152CARTER L. STEVENSON (1817-1888)Confederate brigadier general who was cap-tured at Vicksburg and upon his exchangeled forces from Missionary Ridge toBentonville. War-date E.S. “C. L.Stevenson” adding rank as general in an-other hand, 3 ¼” x 2 ½” Vicksburg, April

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11, 1863. Cut from a larger document andmounted to a heavy card board mount. A bitlight, else very good. $200 - up

WEEKS BEFORE HE SURRENDERS,“LEE’S LIEUTENANTS” ARRANGEINTER - UNIT COMPETITIONS TO

RAISE MORALE* 153A rather unusual pair of Autographed Let-ters Signed, both 1p. 4to.and dated March8, 1865, written back to back on the samesheet of paper , one issuing, and the otheraccepting, a challenge to a competition be-tween two of the unit’s under Lee’s rap-idly deteriorating command at Petersburg.The first letter, issued in a similar manner asif a duel was being arranged, addressesConfederate general McGowan, and readsin part: ”Hd. Q. 3d Corps, March 8, 1865.General: General Heth proposes throughCapt. Grimmell that you produce a regimentfrom his division that will beat any regi-ment in Wilcox’s Division marching, ma-neuvering ….condition of arms & etc. Genl.Lee, Corps Comdr, and Genl. Gordan to beUmpires. The trial to take place at the “Madel Farm” on Tuesday or Wednesday nextas may be agreed upon. Believing that aspirit of rivalry is necessary for the properEsprit de Corps and that fostered and culti-vated it will be to the good of the service, Ihope it may meet your views to accept thechallenge. The details can be satisfactorilyarranged….R. J. Wingate, Major & A.A. G.…” On the verso of this letter, GeneralMcGowan’s adjutant has offered the follow-ing response:” Hd. Qrs. McGowen’s Bri-gade , March 9, 1865: In the absence ofGeneral McGowen I would state that thismatter was agitated the other night beforeCaptain Grinnel, Riddick & myself, and Ithink that I can safely say that this Brigadewill accept the challenge and be ready forthe trial by the day discussed. C.G. Thomp-son, A. A. G.”. At the time that this pair ofletters was being written the Army of North-ern Virginia, having been nine months inthe trenches before Petersburg and alsohaving received continued reports fromhome of Sherman’s devastating marchesthrough much of the rural South, had expe-rienced a profound loss of its soldier’smorale. In a desperate attempt to maintaindiscipline, restore Esprits de Corps, andkeep the soldier’s minds off the harsh reali-ties of their situation, Lee had advocatedsuch activities as this challenge, includingordering that the men be drilled an aston-ishing eight times a day . To the modernreader, it seems almost ludicrous to believethat having starving, chronically ill troopsto engage in arduous physical competitionswould strengthen their resolve to attack

anyone other than their officers. In any event,within a few short weeks the Confederateswere forced to abandon Petersburg , andsubsequently Richmond (Perhaps now weknow why! ) . It is possible that both letters were written by adjutant Thompson of thechallenged unit , who sent along this copyof the initial challenge along with his re-sponse, as the handwriting of both lettersappear similar, but the letter does seem tohave actually been delivered , as it bearsfolds consistent with a letter sent by mili-tary dispatch. The first letter was writtenwith iron gall ink, which has corrodedthrough the paper at several points, effect-ing portions of several words of the text,but not rendering them unreadable. Other-wise, this highly unusual and very late ex-change of letters is in very good condition. $400-up

CONFEDERATE SOLDIER, IN CASEOF HIS DEATH, LEAVES INSTRUC-

TIONS TO A FRIEND AS TO HOW TODISPOSE OF HIS PROPERTY,

INCLUDING SLAVES, BEFORE HEGOES OFF TO KILL YANKEES

* 154War dated A.L.S. 2pp. 8”x 10”, Gainesville[ no state, but likely Alabama] , May 27,1862, in which John Barret writes his friendand attorney , the Hon. T. Reavis, with thefollowing instructions: “….Enclosed youhave some papers which I wish to leave youin case anything should happen to me inthe Army. You will find a deed of gift fromDaniel Dewalt to his daughter my late wifeof four Negroes. The one named Peggy andher four children are in the possession ofE.C. Manly in Kemper Co., Miss., the othersare here. There is also a deed to her to a houseand lot in Mobile …also a deed to a houseand lot adjoining it ( to me) …If I shouldnot survive the war I wish this real estateall sold, and the proceeds of it invested insome other way. My house and lot will bemore than enough to pay all I owe, which ofcourse I want done first relative to my othermatters. I will be able to write you moremanfully and correctly after I go home andlook over my matters …”. Surprisingly, let-ters where Confederate soldiers settle theiraffairs before going off to war are extremelyscarce. Perhaps most of the soldiers weremore optimistic than our Mr. Barret, or morelikely, many of these documents were burnedin the many Southern courthouses that weredestroyed in the course of the war. This ex-ample is in very good to fine condition. $200 -up

STATEMENT FOR DECEASEDCONFEDERATE SOLDIER ON

ADVERSITY PAPER* 155 A war-date partly-printed Confederate fi-nal statement form 1p., folio, Dublin, Va.,Mar. 15, 1865 concerning the untimelydeath of Pvt. Andrew J. George Co. K 50th

Virginia on Aug. 19, 1861. The documentwas filled out and signed by Co. K’s Cap-tain Jeff Lawson. Dying within two monthsof his enlistment, George died as perhaps asone of the Civil War’s many victims whoexpired from disease. Printed on officialRepublic of Mexico paper this documentremains as a sad statement of the ravages ofwar showing that men and paper supplieswere both expendable during a time of war. $200 - up

CONFEDERATE OFFICER ADVISESHIS CHILDREN THAT HE PLANS TO

REMARRY* 156Confederate soldier’s letter, 1p. 8vo., C.S.Ordinance Department, Lynchburg, Va.,Sept.21, 1864, in which Lt. Fielding LewisMarshall of Co. H. 6th Va. Cav. , while ondetached duty with the Ordinance Depart-ment, writes to his family for their approval

to remarry ! Marshall was a Plantation ownerturned soldier, who later wrote of his war-time experiences in his book: ”Recollec-tions and Reflections (1911). This letter,addressed to his daughter Mary, reads, inpart:”…Ever since I got back I’ve been incharge of this depot …How is Mrs. Fisher ?Give my best love to her & tell her I wishher to take you to see a lady belonging toone of the Departments in Richmond, whois very lovely and in whom I am deeply in-terested.. The happiness of my children Ishall always have in view in taking anystep that will change my condition, but Iknow you all love me too much not to re-joice in any step that is essential to my hap-piness. In due time I will inform you whoshe is and where you can find her. Writefreely to me , my dear child, on the subject .I have written to Richard and Peggy [ hisother children ] about it. I wish to have noconcealments from my children, but to cul-tivate their confidence …Show this to Mrs.F. and then burn it or keep it, so that no oneelse can see it …” Very good. $200 - up

COMMANDING OFFICER OF THE9TH GEORGIA ARTILLERY

WRITES THE COMMANDER OF THE4TH GEORGIA CAVALRY

CONCERNING RECRUITING FORTHEIR REGIMENTS

* 157An unusual A.L.S. 2pp. 4to., Atlanta, Ga.,Dec. 4, 1861, in which Major Austin Ley-den, future commander of the 9th GeorgiaArtillery Battalion writes to Captain IsaacW. Avery, then commanding the 23rd Ga.Cavalry Batallion and in the process of rais-ing what would become the 4th (Avery’s)Ga. Cav., concerning the process of raisingand equipping the artillery unit, in part:” Iwill rendezvous at this place from the firstuntil the15th of January. We will be imme-diately mustered into service, and as soonthereafter as I can report the regiment thor-oughly drilled and fit for active duty theywill be ordered into the field. ….I expect tohave infantry, Artillery and Cavalry all inthe same regiment …I want them to be a creditto themselves and all connected with them.In regard to getting arms for your Company,Mr. Beuguirian informs me that he will re-quire all cavalry to have at least one arm,say saber, carbine, or shotgun before he ac-cepts them. He will then…fully arm & equip.Please let me know how your company isarmed and if you have not sufficient arms tobe received I can probably help you get them.Also, please state how many men you have…” Apparently both men were attemptingto raise a multi - service unit similar toCobb’s Legion, but the idea was aban-doned. Both commanders would go on to

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see their share of action. Leyden’s 9th Ar-tillery, originally with the Army of the West,was transferred back to Virginia in 1864,and ended the war serving as infantry. AtAppomattox they surrendered with only 1officer and 19 enlisted men. Avery’s Cav-alry skirmished against Sherman during theMarch to the Sea, Savannah and in the Caro-linas, where it surrendered with Johnston.A minor mouse chew in the bottom left cor-ner affects one word in the first page, andthere is moderate water staining along theleft margin of the text, which is somewhatlightened in the effected area but still clearlyreadable. An interesting letter, good to verygood. $400 - up

RUFUS INGALLS (1818 - 1893) Unionbrigadier general, Chief Quartermaster of theArmy of the Potomac and under Grant hebecame Quartermaster General of all forcesaround Richmond. An uncommon war datedorder in pencil, five and one half times sevenand three quarter inches, Headquarters,Army of the Potomac, Feb. 20 [ no year ] , toa Captain P.P. Pitkin reading, in full:” Thecavalry will select a place for landing. Whenyou have forage you will turn it over to thedifferent landings as required, taking re-ceipts. If Stoddard forwards it to them directreceipts t be given him. I shall arrange a planshortly. Rufus Ingalls, Chief Q.M.” Moder-ate soiling and one half inch clean fold splitat left margin, otherwise very good. $100 - up

GUSTAVUS W. SMITH (1821 - 1896)Confederate major general who served un-der Joe Johnston and assumed command ofhis army until succeeded on the field byRobert E. Lee, he later led Georgia militiaforces in a defense against Sherman’s March.War dated A.E.S. completely in Smith’shand, removed from a document, in full: “Hd.Qrs. Rich. Va., Oct. 28, 1862. RespectfullyForwd., G.W. Smith, Maj. Genl. Comdg.”Very good condition. $150 - up

ALBERT RUST WAR DATE A.E.S* 160(1818-1870). Confederate brigadier generalwho served under Robert E. Lee and Stone

wall Jackson. Saw action at Corinth andlater served in the west under Hindman.,Pemberton and Taylor. War date A.E.S. ona small slip “ I hope these men will be or-dered {illeg} Rgt. A. Rust Brigr. Genl.”Very good. $400 - up

A RARE JOHN PEGRAM SIGNED BOOK

* 161JOHN PEGRAM ( 1832 - 1865) YoungConfederate Brigadier General, killed inaction less than three weeks after his mar-riage. A rare signed book :”Jno. Pegram,Richmond, Va.”, written in pencil on thetitle page of an 8vo. Copy of Volume One ofDavid Hume’s “History of England”,printed in Boston by Phillips, Sampson &Company in 1858. There are some minorinstances of water damage and slight wearon the extreme edges of the books cover,and the signed title page has been evenlytoned from an etching of David Hume whichwas opposite to it. Oddly enough, this en-graving of Hume has been removed fromthe book , whose pages, except for severalsmall pencil notations , show almost nosigns of wear or toning. Very good condi-tion. $800 - up

SANITARY COMMISSIONCIRCULAR FOR THE GREAT

CENTRAL FAIR TO BE HELD INPHILADELPHIA

* 162United States Sanitary Commission. A fine4 page circular. Philadelphia Agency,March 1, 1864. The circular announces aproposed Fair to be held in Philadlphia andappeals for assistance. The Santiary Com-mission was a non-governmental organi-zation form in 1861 in order to provide aidto soldiers and improve the sanitary condi-tions of army camps which were, in may casesdeplorable and directly responsible formuch loss of life. The biggest objective wasbattlefield relief with surgeons, ambulances,store wagons filled with supplies. Manylocal relief organizations around the Unionmerged into the National organization.Signed in type on page three by all of thecommittee members. Some light age discol-oration. $125 – up

CONFEDERATE NOTICE OFPRISONER EXCHANGE

* 164War date printed circular of ConfederateGeneral Orders No. 143, 1p. 8vo. Rich-mond, November 3, 1863 concerning, inpart: “ ….notice of exchanged officers andmen ……captured and paroled at any timeprevious to the 1st of September 1863… isnot intended to include any officers or men

captured at Vicksburg…” But, the circulargoes on to state that the staffs of GeneralPemberton and other high ranking officersat Vicksburg are included. Minor spotting,else very good. $150 - up

CONFEDERATE SENIORSURGEONS APPOINTED

* 165Scarce war dated A. D. S. 1p. 6 ½”x 7”, HeadQuarters Military District, Portsmouth [ Va.,], May 22, 1861, comprising a manuscriptcopy of official orders of future Confederategeneral A. G. Blanchard written in the handof Autrin Emmerson, his adjutant, readingas follows:” Surgeon C. Baird is appointedChief Medical Director for this district andwill be obeyed accordingly. T. L. BarrandEsqr. Is appointed Chief Commisary of thisDistrict and will be obeyed and respectedaccordingly.” Minor chipping at top awayfrom writing, left edge is closely croppedfrom having been removed from an orderbook or album, otherwise very good. $100 - up

THE CIVIL WAR PAPERSOF LT. ALBERT A. POMEROY

* 163A fine group of 45 war dated documents, around half of which are letters, from theretained civil War papers of Lt. Albert Pomeroy. In October of 1861, Pomeroyenlisted as a private in McLaughlin’s Cavalry Squadron of Ohio ,was then trans-ferred into the 5th Ohio Cavalry, and ended the war as an officer and recruitingagent. This archive is almost certainly Pomeroy’s personal papers from the war.Pomeroy was relatively old for the service, apparently approaching middle age,as he had a son that was born on 1845. Judging from the content of these docu-ments, Pomeroy’s experience and steadiness apparently led his superiors to relyon him. Within the group there are a number of retained copies of letters in whichPomeroy attempts to resign, citing his advanced age for the service and his wife’sfailing health. His superiors found him to be too valuable to let him go, andwithin the archive are a number of letters from Pomeroy’s superiors, particularlyMajor Rice, the Commander of the cavalry Squadron, refusing to let him go onthese grounds.. Pomeroy was quickly promoted, first to sergeant and then toLieutenant As a Sergeant in McLaughlan’s Cavalry Squadron Pomeroy wasgiven a number of difficult and undesirable, yet essential tasks, including round-ing up deserters and arresting troublesome soldiers. Included in the group areindividual and group passes, requests from enlisted men for furloughs, lists ofdeserters, and notes from Pomeroy’s superiors giving him authority to carry outhis assigned tasks. . A particularly interesting example is the following notewhich Pomeroy was instructed to deliver to an errant cavalryman, which reads:”Sir: If you do not intend reporting yourself in person at camp or are arrested andbrought in, you will hand over to Sgt. G.W. Pomeroy Sqn. Cav. O.V. W.S.A., thepistol, sword and all the accouterments belonging to the U.S. Government inyour possession , & this will be your voucher for the same….”. After being pro-moted to Lieutenant, Pomeroy was assigned the Job of Recruiting officer, whichhe performed excellently, for here is a letter of reccomendation from a provostMarshall stating that Pomeroy was recruiting ten men a week! A won wouldexpect, there are a number of documents relating to recruiting, such as lists ofrecruits, payment for their transportation, etc. Last, there are a number of itemsrelating to Pomeroy’s discharge, including his “Eagle discharge”, showingthat at War’s end he was back with his unit in the Carolinas. An interestinggroup, worthy of more research. On average, all the documents and letters are verygood to fine condition. $800 - up

* 158

* 159

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GENERAL WHEELER GIVESBATTLE ORDERS TO THE

COMMANDER OF THE 4TH GA.CAVALRY DURING THE

CHICAMAUGA CAMPAIGN* 166An extremely Rare Confederate war datedbattle order , 1p. 4to. In pencil,Headquarter’s Cav. Corps, La Fayette , Ga.,Sept. 10, 1863, in which Wheeler, as Com-mander of Bragg’s Cavalry, issues orders toCol. Avery of the 4th. Georgia Cavalry dur-ing General Bragg’s attempt to engage theUnion Army at Dug Gap.

This significant battle order reads, inpart:“…Headqrs. Cav. Corps, Lafayette, 10th

Sept., 1863. Col: The General directs thatyou will keep your force between the en-emy and Rome, and keep him fully advisedof all the movements of the enemy. If pos-sible ascertain the strength of the enemy andthe names of the Generals Commanding.….This information should be obtained assoon as possible ….Send notification ofthis movement of the enemy to the command-ing officer at Gadsten. I have directed that apicket be sent towards Summerville to pro-tect our flank, and also …to Neil’s Gap.…Report promptly and accurately all youfind out about the enemy. The General de-sires me to express to you his gratificationat the handsome manner in which you re-ceived and repulsed the enemy. There aretwo roads to be seen from Summerville toRome, on both of which you should have aforce to fall back to prevent the enemy fromreaching Rome before you do. He sends youa small sketch [ not present ] to show youthe position of the roads…E.S. Bumford,Maj. & A.A. G., …”. On September 10, Gen-eral Bragg had attempted to attack GeneralThomas at Dug Gap before he could be rein-forced by the rest of the Union Army, butwas thwarted by the failure of subordinateofficers to carry out his commands. Moder-ate soiling, mouse chews at upper left cor-ner and bottom margin effecting part ofAvery’s name and rank, otherwise verygood. $600 - up

* 167JOSIAH TATTNALL (1795 - 1871) Con-federate commodore who defended FortRoyal and later scuttled the Merrimac torevent her capture. He spent the balance ofthe war fighting the Federal blockade. Anextremely scarce 2pp. A.L.S. 8 x 10 incheswritten to Union naval Captain JohnPercival, written 10 days before Fort Sumterwas fired upon, and predicting the comingWar, in part:”…Mr. Peter Lawrence, for-merly (during the war with England) hold-ing a master in the Navy by your recommen-dation …is desirous of applying for a pen-sion from the Government of the UnitedStates …I presume that he desires to obtainfrom you the facts of his appointment andservices …on which to place other evidenceof his claim of a pension… At the letter’send, Tatnall adds the following movingconclusion (with our added emphasis):” IHOPE THAT YOU WILL STILL WALKASERECT AS WHEN I SAW YOU LAST.I LITTLE THOUGHT THEN THAT MYOLD FRIEND AND I WERE TO SERVEUNDER DIFFERENT FLAGS, BUT THEPOLITICIANS WOULD HAVE IT SO …”.Very good to fine condition. $300 - up

* 168JOHN PORTER MCCOWN (1815 -1879) Confederate Major General censuredby General Bragg for his conduct atMurfreesboro. Scarce war dated

Autographed Note Signed at the conclu-sion of an A.L.S. by one of his subordinatesrequesting the General’s support in obtain-ing a commission, entirely in the hand ofMcCown and reading, in full:” Head Qrs. 3Divis. , Columbus, Ky., 1st. Nov., 1861. Ihave Know ( sic) Capt. Champney sinceMay last. He possesses every quality torecommend him to the department for anappointment in the Artillery. J. P. McCown,Brig. Gen. P.A.C. “ The letter has minorwater damage and subsequent chipping atthe top margin, effecting nothing, and is verygood, while McCown’s endorsement ,which is on the bottom of the second page,is in fine to very fine condition. McCown isextremely scarce in war dated material. $500 - up

WAR DATED DOCUMENT SIGNEDBY CONFEDERATE MAJOR

GENERAL JOHN C. BROWN* 169JOHN C. BROWN. (1827-1889). Confed-erate major general captured at FortDonelson, exchanged and led forces atChickamauga, Chattanooga and Franklinwhere he was severely wounded and hiscommand decimated. War dated partly –printed D.S. “Jno. C. Brown” adding rankas colonel of the 3rd Tennessee (Clark’s)Infantry, on Confederate States of Americaofficial form, 1p. 4to. Bowling Green, Ky.,Nov. 8, 1861 discharging Private WilliamB. Alley of Company I of that regiment.Signed by Brown across the text. Includedis another partly – printed D.S. on CSA form,1p. large 8vo., {Bowling Green, Ky.}, Dec.17, 1861 concerning the final payment dueto Private Alley for service rendered to theConfederacy. Unfortunately, Alley died frommeasles within one week after receiving thispayment. Signature a bit light, else verygood.

LOT # 170

UNION BRIGADIER GENERALHIRAM BURNHAM DOCUMENT

* 170HIRAM BURNHAM (d.1864). Unionbrigadier general who led a regiment in thePeninsula and at the Fredericksburg andGettysburg, killed in action at Chafin’sFarm. War date partly-printed D.S. 1p. 4to.,“Camp near Harrison Landing”, Aug. 8,1862, a special requisition form requestingcloathing, havesacks and tents. Usual folds,otherwise very good. $225 - up

* 171GEORGE BAIRD HODGE (1828 - 1892)Confederate Brigadier General who rosefrom the rank of privateand served in theConfederate Senate. He was appointed Gen-eral by Davis twice, though he was neverconfirmed by the Senate. A seven line war -dated endorsement , Headquarters 3rd Di-vision Cavalry , Oct. 24, 1862, concerninga dispute between two Colonels as to whichofficer had rank, stating:”Let Col. Ogden &Amacker BOTH forward statements of theirstatus immediately with date of Commissionor Appts., G.B. Hodge, Brig. “. Moderatesoiling, and document has been expertlyrepaired at fold splits with archival tape,about very good condition. $400 - up

CIVIL WAR OFFICER CHARGEDWITH CURSING OUT HIS PEER

* 172A highly unusual field - printed JudicialGeneral Order, 1p. 5" x 7 1/2", Headquar-ters, District of North Carolina, New Berne,August 11, 1864, in which 1st LieutenantWilliam B. Patterson of the 3rd New Yorkartillery is charged with “conduct unbe-coming an officer and a gentleman”.Patterson is accused with pushing downanother officer in the presence of enlistedmen, then saying to him that:”…You are aGod Damned stinking son of a bitch …Iwill knock your God damned head off…”.Evidently the court agreed with the officer’sopinion of his enemy, for patterson was foundnot guilty on all charges! $200 - up

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* 173ALEXANDER P. STEWART (1821 -1908) Confederate major general who com-manded at Shiloh, Chickamauga, and At-lanta, and later replaced Polk after Polk’sdeath. A scarce war dated A.L.S. 1p. 8"x 10":”Alex. P. Stewart, Brig Genl.”, Head Quar-ters Fort Columbus [ Kentucky ], Feb. 22,1862, in which Stewart informs one of hissubordinates of the condition of a numberof the batteries there. The letters right mar-gin has been adversely effected by mousechews or something similar, obliterating theend portions of words that run close to theright margin. However, the letter comes witha transcript which fills in the missing por-tions of the letter, which are in most casesapparent from the context of the letter, plac-ing these filled in parts in parentheses. Inpart:”…I have just returned from the(bat)teries. There is no water yet in eithermagazine…a nearly vertical wall (of) earthsome two feet or more in height was left ——of Ky. 7 Mo. Batteries, which caves inand fills the ditch at its foot every hardrain…I do not think the magazines in dan-ger, and so as soon as the pieces to be recov-ered from Mo. Battery have been taken awaythe platform will have to be taken up andrebuilt…”. Because of the missing portionsat the letter’s right margin, we would onlyrate it as about good, and estimate it accord-ingly. $400 - up

SOUTHERN LETTER ON THE EVEOF CIVIL WAR

* 174A touching war – date letter from Charles L.Cowles, 2pp. 4to. Wilkesboro, N.C. Apr.28, 1861, in part: “….We seem to be on theeve of a civil war of the most sanguinarykind. I shall send this letter West hopingthat it may run the gauntlet…{I} hope thatat another time the correspondence may berenewed under more favorable circum-stances ….Uncle Josiah and family are welland three of his sons (Miles, William andHenry) have volunteered under a call of our

governor. The purpose is to resist coercion.Andrew is a member of the legislature and iscalled to assemble with his colleges thisweek at our capitol. Pa is full of grief at thecondition of the country …” Interestingly,the author of the letter enlisted in the 51st

N.C. Vols. And served with the regiment atsuch places as Battery Wagner S.C. andCold Harbor, Va. A two inch tear affects textwith minor fold splits . Very good. $200 - up

AN INTERESTING CIVIL WARDOCUMENT IN WHICH THENOTORIOUS “BOSS TWEED”

AUTHORIZES PAYMENT FOR ASUBSTITUTE OF A WAR DRAFTEE

WHO HAS CLAIMED INDIGENTCIRCUMSTANCES

* 175WILLIAM MARCY “BOSS” TWEED(1823-1878). Entering politics at an earlyage, Tweed became the boss of TammanyHall, an organization which he used to formthe “Tweed Ring”, one of the most corruptpolitical machines this country as ever seen.Tweed and his cronies ultimately bilkedNew York City out of tens of millions ofdollars. DS. New York, September 29, 1863.

“Cornelius Hayes, by occupation aprinter…who has been drafted and adjudgedby the Board of Enrollment…to be liable toperform military duty according to the re-quirement of the Act of Congress passedMarch 3, 1863, having provided a Substi-tute who has been duly mustered into theservice in the place and stead of such draftedperson…for the Relief provided by the SixthSection of the Ordinance…The saidapplicant…is in indigent circumstancesand has a family wholly depending on himfor support…whose condition is such as torender it, in our opinion, a case in whichsaid Substitute is entitled to have the sumof $300 paid to him…Substitute RobertGurd, New York.” Records indicate that thesubstitute, Robert Gurd had enlisted theday before this document was signed andsurvived the war. An interesting Civil Waritem signed by one of New York’s mosthistorically notorious figures. $250 - up

CIVIL WAR MILITARY POLL TAXRECEIPT

* 1761863, San Francisco. Black\White. A certi-fication the Robert Cleary “has paid two

dollard Military Poll Tax for the year 1863”.Removed from a scrapbook. Very Good. $50 - up

CIVIL WAR MILITARYPOLL TAX RECEIPT

* 1771864, San Francisco. Blue\White. A certifi-cation the Robert Cleary “has paid twodollard Military Poll Tax for the year 1864”.Removed from a scrapbook. Very Good. $50 - up

CIVIL WAR MILITARYPOLL TAX RECEIPT

* 1781865, San Francisco. Orange\White. A cer-tification the Robert Cleary “has paid twodollard Military Poll Tax for the year 1865”.Removed from a scrapbook. Very Good. $50 - up

A SCARCE CALIFORNIA CIVILWAR PASS FROM CAMP ALLEN

* 179[CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’S PASS]. 6 ½” x5”. “Headquarters, Camp Allen. October6, 1863. Sargent Robert Cleary of Com-pany H, Captain M Coonan Second regi-ment, has leave of absence from the 6th in-stant at 5 o’clock p.m. to the seventh instatntat 5 o’clock p.m. he having received a fur-lough for that time; at which last periodhe will rejoin his company and report him-self to these Headquarters”.Camp Allen, located in Oakland served forthe training of California volunteers dur-ing the Civil War prior to their departureeast. Many who trained here served in Colo-nel Edward Dexter Baker’s 71st Pennsylva-nia Regiment, also known as the 1st Califor-nia Regiment. Other men assigned to thecamp found themselves serving monoto-nous guard duty at warehouses or on someof the islands in San Francisco Bay. A scarcewestern pass related to the Civil War. $100 – up

AN EXTREMELY RARE CONFEDER-ATE PUBLISHING COMPANY

STOCK CERTIFICATE SIGNED BYTHOMAS BRAGG

* 180THOMAS BRAGG (1818-1872). Braggwas a Senator and Attorney General for theConfederate States for four months. Thebrother of General Braxton Bragg, Thomaswas a strong supporter of Jefferson Davisand his policies. He replaced Judah Ben-jamin in the Cabinet on November 21, 1861,and opposed the impressment of suppliesfor the Army without full payment. Leavingthe Attorney General’s office on March 18,1862, Bragg resumed his private law prac-tice and worked against the growing callsfor peace. Following the war, Bragg wasactive in efforts to reunite his North Caro-lina with the Union, for he had never reallybelieved the South could successfully es-tablish itself as a separate nation. DS. 1 page.9 1/2" x 5". North Carolina. no date but is-sued between 1861 - 1865. Partly-printedJoint Stock Confederate Publishing Com-pany signed by THOMAS BRAGG aspresident entitling “W. F. Lewis...to tenshares in the above named company trans-ferable only on the books of the company inperson or by his agent...” This is the samecompany that during the Civil War, printedmany Confederate patriotic music sheets.Bragg’s signature is dark and the paper hasevenly toned. $900 - up

A GEORGE McCLELLAN ALSREGARDING STEAM

NAVIGATION ON THE CANALS* 181GEORGE McCLELLAN. ALS. 2pp. NewYork. May 23, 1871. An autograph lettersigned “Geo McClellan” on “Departmentof the Docks, Engineer’s Burea” letterheadto an Andrew H.N. Dauson. An importantletter regarding a “commission...appointedto determine the best system of steam navi-gation for canals...”. McClellan notes thathe has received a “vast number of letters onthe subject” and is passing on the informa-tion to the committee chairman. The writ-ing is clean and bold, however, McClellan’spenmanship is characteristically difficult toread. The signature is very strong. The let-ter has the original folds and a small his-torical mount in lower margin of secondpage not affecting any parts of the letter. Itis in very good condition overall. $500 – up

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THREE GENERAL JOHNSEDGWICK BOOKS

The following three books are from the per-sonal collection of Union Major GeneralJohn Sedgwick (1813-1864). A West Pointgraduate who served in the Mexican War,patrolled the plains of Colorado and Kan-sas in the 1850’s, and faithfully servedthroughout the Civil War with the Army ofthe Potomac until tragically killed by asharpshooter at the battle of Spotsylvania,Virginia on May 9, 1864.

SEDGWICK’S PERSONAL COPY OFGEORGE B. MCCLELLAN’S:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OFWAR, COMMUNICATING THE

REPORT OF CAPTAINGEORGE B. MCCLELLAN (FIRST

REGIMENT UNITED STATESCAVALRY) ONE OF THE OFFICERS

SENT TO THE SEAT OF WAR INEUROPE IN 1855 AND 1856

* 182Sedgwick’s personal copy of George B.McClellan’s: Report of the Secretary ofWar, communicating the Report of Cap-tain George B. McClellan (First RegimentUnited States Cavalry) One of the officerssent to the Seat of War in Europe in 1855and 1856, published by Nicholson, Wash-ington, 1857, 360pp. quarto, twice signed“John Sedgwick U.S.A. April 30th 1858”on the front and rear end pages. The blackcloth covered book contains 50 full pageillustrations with a folding map ofSebastopol. In 1855, McClellan was sentto observe the Crimean War, and upon hisreturn filed an official report with the secre-tary of war outlining his observations ofthe war. Going into great detail about siegeoperations, battle deployment and trooporganization as well as being filled withnumerous diagrams and maps, it was soonto become a favorite among the regular armyofficers who were destined to fight in theCivil War. Major Sedgwick obtained hiscopy of the book while he was commandingofficer of the 1st United States Cavalry, inwhich McClellan was a captain, while sta-tioned at Fort Riley, Kansas Territory. Con-sidered an invaluable resource there is nodoubt that Sedgwick carried this bookthroughout the rest of his frontier serviceand the Civil War. An ex-libris copy withmoderate to normal wear affecting the cov-ers and spine, with numerous damp stainsaffecting the pages, but not the text. Overallgood to very good. $1,000 – up

* 183Sedgwick’s presentation copy of: Reportson the Erection of a Monument to thememory of William Jenkins Worth, pub-lished by Baker, New York, 1857, 64pp.,quarto. The black cloth covered book con-tains two large folding lithographs of Gen.

Worth’s funeral cortege and of the dedica-tion of his monument in New York City andgoes into painstaking detail as to the par-ticulars of the monument’s ceremonies. In-terestingly, Worth’s son, Lieut. William S.Worth who would become a brigadier gen-eral in the Spanish American War and ledforces at San Juan Hill, presented this bookto Gen. Sedgwick while the latter was incommand of the 6th Corps, Army of thePotomac during the opening of the Wilder-ness campaign in 1864. A small paper labelhas been tipped onto the front end pagereading, in full: “Major General Sedgwickwith the kind regards of W.S. Worth, Lt.U.S.A., April ‘64”. Worth served on the staffof Brig. Gen. Henry Hunt, the Army of thePotomac’s chief of artillery from 1862, andby 1864 he must have come to knowSedgwick well. Therefore, this book is ei-ther a token of friendship based on theirservice together in the Army of the Potomac,or because the general had known his fatherduring the Mexican War. Eerily, the bookbrings to light the fact that General Worth,upon hearing of Sedgwick’s bravery underfire during the Mexican War, commented thathis bravery would make him commander ofthe United States Army. Within weeks ofreceiving the book Sedgwick was killedby a Confederate sharpshooter on May 9,1864. Incidentally, the label has been pastedto cover an earlier inscription that was nevermade. An ex-libris copy with moderate tonormal wear affecting the binding and cov-ers with very minor foxing and toning af-fecting the pages. Overall good to verygood. $300 – up

* 184Sedgwick’s personal copy of Col. RichardDelafield’s: Report on the Art of War inEurope in 1854, 1855 and 1856, publishedby Bowman, Washington, 1861, 277pp.large folio. The black cloth covered bookcontains a colored title page, 21 book plates16 of which are tinted, five folding maps,and 43 plans-35 of which are folding. Dis-cussing in detail Delafield’s observationsmade while he and McClellan toured theEuropean theater of the Crimean War. Thisex-libris copy had also been part ofSedgwick’s personal military library andmore than likely sat on a headquarters shelfthroughout the general’s tour of duty onthe Virginian front and probable helped fillthe dull moments of the war. A rare bookfrom Sedgwick’s library. Moderate to heavywear affecting the binding and covers withsome spotting and foxing affecting thepages. Overall good to very good. $100 – up

A CIVIL WAR OBSERVERCOMMENTS ON McCLELLAN AND

DRY CANDIDATES* 185(CIVIL WAR). ALS. 3pp. 8" x 10". Ottawa[Illinois]. Sept 17th 1864. A Civil War-eraletter written by “A. J. Grover”, an observerconcerning “dry” candidates: “Houghwishes me to write you urging you to sethat the caucus on the 21st inst. At 3 o’clock

p. m. for the purpose of electing delegates tothe county convention to he holden [sic]here on the 23rd be not allowed to go bydefault. He seems to take it for granted thatyou are in favor of his nomination to theSenate. I presume he has talked with youabout the matter. I should go for Hough onthe whole and think you feel the same way.Bush wrote to Livingston Co. using wordslike the following - ‘kill off the damnedlittle abolition’ meaning Hough. I don’tlike the sound of this. It is also known thatBush is not a sober man. If he can’t alwayskeep sober and can’t speak respectfully ofthe abolitionists I think he is not quite theman to represent me. At any rate, John Nashin the presence of Bush in my hearing said‘I drink brandy every day and if they aregoing to make whisky an issue I will bedamned if I vote for a single man who doesit.’ Bush did not dissent and Nash was talk-ing particularly for Bush at the time. I toldhim I did not approve of whisky drinkingevery day or any day when Bush said ‘ofcourse nobody defends it.’ Hough is hon-est, sober, indefatigable for the right - al-ways - true to his friends - but has not somuch speech making ability as Bush...TheRatification meeting today is a great fizzle -it is difficult to ratify both the Platform &[the Democratic nominee] McClellan’s let-ter of acceptance.” A fine letter discussingCivil War era politics, including a mentionof Lincoln’s 1864 opponent, GeorgeMcClellan. The letter is in very fine condi-tion. $350 - up

THE LAST CONFEDERATE FLAGOVER RICHMOND

* 186 On April 3rd, 1865, Federal forces enteredRichmond after the evacuation of the Con-federate Government and military forces.President Davis and his cabinet had left forDanville, Va. by train and Petersburg andRichmond had fallen to Grant’s army. Theabove flag relic was once part of the ThirdNational Confederate flag that flew over theConfederate Capitol of Richmond. Accom-panying documents attest that this flag relicwas created by Lt. Colonel A.B. Lawrence,Chief Quartermaster of the 24th Corps, Armyof James, by cutting up the captured flagwhen it was removed from the Capitol build-ing under the orders of General M.R. Patrick.The copy photo above shows the Capitolbuilding after the flag was removed in earlyApril 1865. The Union flag was then raisedover the Capitol building. Extremely Fine $450 - up

A CIVIL WAR SOLDIER TELLSABOUT HIS PREPARATIONS FOR

FIRST MANASSAS AND THE DEATHOF ELMER ELLSWORTH

* 187Henry I. King. ALS. 2pp. 5" x 8". Virginia.July 14 1861. An autograph letter signedHenry I. King penned just seven days be-fore First Manassas, the first large landbattle of the war: “it is Sunday morningand thinking you would like to hear fromme I take this opportunity to write a fewlines to you I cannot tell you where I am forI do not know the name of the Town we arein. We left Washington last Wednesday andcame to Alexandria from there we went aboutfive miles into the Enemy country where wehave remained for a few days. I suppose youhave read about Col. Elsworth [sic] I sawthe house where he was killed his menare...now, they took five secessionists...Weare about 10 miles from Fairfax Court House.Our Brigade is going to march this week weshall ahve a battle soon there are about 5000Rebels with marked Batteries station[ed]there. We shall have some hard fighting butI feel that the God of Battle will give us thevictory...Virginia is a beautiful country Icould be contented to stay here...if I die forcountry you can feel that you had one sonwho was not afraid to die...”. ElmerEllsworth was the North’s first martyr. Afriend of Lincoln, Ellsworth saw the Rebelflag flying from a Virginia house, so hemarched in and tore it down. As he camedown the steps, he was shot by the house’sowner and killed. The letter is in very finecondition overall with several horizontalfolds. A great letter discussing the optimismof the first battle, which the Union lost. $400 - up

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CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’S LETTER* 189(CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’S LETTER).ALS. 4 pages. 5” x 8”. Jeffersonville, Ind.Sept. 19th, 1862. A Civil War soldier’s let-ter signed “T.W. Cuppy” to a doctor.Cuppy describes the preparations he isgoing through for battle in Kentucky: “First went into camp two miles belowJeff’ville [sic] where we remained one week– then were ordered here, to join three In

diana regt’s that were already here...Lastnight we lay down to repose as usual – at3 o’clock this morn the camp was suddenlyaroused by the order to prepare to marchimmediately – at 8 o’clock the Brigade hadstarted on its way to the old Ky. The menwere all furnished five days rations, &forty rounds of ammunition. I went withthem to the ferry and saw them land onLouisville wharf, & then returned to theold camp to take care of the sick, and of themedical stores. I can not of course saywhere our reg’t has gone, nor what may beits destiny – but it is stated here this evethat it is now five or six miles back of Lou-isville. Before this reaches you, in all prob-ability you will have heard of the greatevents in this region. A large number ofsteamers have passed down this P.M. loadedwith troops – from Cincinnati I suppose –for Louisville...The tents were all left herestanding and a guard to take care ofthem...”. Cuppy was correct in predictingthat there would be “great events in theregion”. On September 25, 1862, GeneralDon Carlos Buell’s troops arrived in Lou-isville, beating Braxton Bragg there. Therewere minor skirmishes in the area as a resultof the two armies being so close to each other.By October 2, Buell, having finished usingLouisville as a base of operations, pushedout into the Kentucky countryside. Theletter is in fine condition overall. $200 – up

A CLEVER CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’SLETTER PUNNING ON MANY OFTHE GENERALS’ NAMES: “I DONOT THINK THEY WILL CLAIMALL THE BANKS, THE GOVERN-MENT HAS GIVEN THE BOYS A

GRANT...IF THEY COME INTO OURQUARTERS, THEY WILL GET

THEIR SIDES BURNED”* 190(CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’S LETTER).ALS. 4pp. 7 1/4" x 9 3/4". In the rear ofMurfreesboro, Rutherford Co. Tenn. June 7,63. A Civil War soldier’s letter signed “C.K. Brown” to Wiley. Brown cleverly makes

puns on many of the Union generals’ namesand incorrectly predicts that Vicksburgwill fall quickly: “...here am I, in the wellknown land of ‘Dixie, yes we are in thecenter, yes in the midst of the Rebs...thereis probably one hundred and fifty thou-sand [soldiers], and if Burnsides makes ajunction with Rosa it will swell the num-bers. I never in my life see men so anxiousfor an advance...I do not believe there is inthis city, or sea of soldiers, a man but whatwill do his duty. I tell you the truth whenI say that our men are just now learninghow to soldier or do duty. I thank God forwhat I see in our brave Illinois boys andothers. What I mean by this is their cour-age, their daring, and the hardships they attimes undergo...They begin to love soldier-ing and take the utmost delight in doingtheir duty and doing it right. There is com-paratively but little fault found by our boyswith this Uncle Samuel. They begin tolove soldiering and take the utmost de-light in doing their duty and doing it right.I do believe if you place a treasury at Chat-tanooga for our Officers, and a lake of lagerbeer for our German soldiers, and give themthe order to make a dash on the city, theywould take it with the combined forces ofthe Southern Confederacy and England...Itake double the delight in measuring pow-der & shot to any butternut that dare showhis head above the crest of a hill or over thebreast-work or embankments...we have theintellect and the country at heart, they[Copperheads]are void of the former, andcare only to see this our glorious Uniondissolved...Vicksburg no doubt by thistime is ours. I do not think they will claimall the Banks the Government has giventhe boys a Grant to fight and rest assuredthey are all right. If they come into ourquarters, they will get their Sides burned,We are in Negleys division Thomases corps

and all if well if Negley don’t getNegleygent...”. This clever letter shows theesprit de corps. Brown was incorrect aboutthe fall of Vicksburg; it did not occur untilJuly 4, 1863. The paper is in fine conditionand the ink is dark. $500 - up

MONTGOMERY MEIGS* 191 LS. 1pp. 7 3/4" x 9 3/4". Washington City.18 March 1864. A letter signed by “M CMeigs” on hia “Quartermaster General’sOffice” letterhead. He wrote to EdwinStanton, Lincoln’s Secretary of War: “Ihave the honor to recommend the appoint-ment of William Robinson as one of the la-borers of this office authorized by the Act ofCongress...I propose that his duty shall be

A SUPERB MEMMINGER ALS IN WHICH THE CONFEDERATE TREASURY SECRETARY JUSTIFIES GORGAS’ APPOINTMENT

AS HEAD OF ORDNANCE INSTEAD OF RIPLEY

* 188CHRISTOPHER G. MEMMINGER (1803 –1888) C.S.A Secretary ofthe Treasury, who proved to be extremely intolerant of dissenting viewsand totally unable to compromise with others. An extremely interestingWar dated A.L.S. 3pp. 7”x 10” Richmond, July 5, 1863 written on Con-federate States of America Treasury Department letterhead to :”My DearMr. McCrady”, explaining why future Confederate General Roswell Ripley,then serving as a Colonel in the South Carolina Militia, has not receiveda comparable position in the regular Confederate Army. The letter reads,in part:”...Every just consideration has been had of Col. Ripple’s claims.It was thought that if he were placed in the same grade...which he wouldhave held had he continued in the [United States] army, it was dealingproperly with his claims ....One of the most valuable and highly esteemedofficers in our service is major Gorgas, whose commission dates in the[United States] army in 1841. Ripley’s is in 1943. Gorgas is now theChief of Ordnance, most highly esteemed by the government, and he hasthe commission of Major. When the commission of Major was offered toRipley, it put him just behind Gorgas and where he was before...If he hadaccepted the commission ...I understand from thePresident [Davis] thathe would have offered him the commad f Charleston Harbour upon thewithdrawal of Beauregard ...You will se, therefor, that Ripley himself hasbeen the only obstacle in his own way ...It would be a mistake in Ripley’sfriends to suppose that any public demonstration would operate upon

the government here . We have the most singularly fierce and independent Government in respect to outside sensation that youever read of....” Memminger’s statement that Ripley was his own worst enemy was entirely accurate, for even though the pressingneed for trained officers in the growing Confederate army led to his being appointed a Brigadier General just five weeks afterthis letter was written, his inability to getalong with his fellow officers, regardless of whether they were his superiors orsubordinates, led to his never receiving further promotions, also assuring that he wouldnever receive a significant independentcommand . with the letter is an additional document, pesumably in a clerical hand, which appears to summarize Ripley’scomplaints against the Confederate administration. In the past, someone carefully removed the raised stationer’s watermark fromthe extreme upper left corner of the first page of Memminger’s letter, leaving a small, dime shaped hole in it’s absence, buteffecting none of the text. Otherwise the document appears to be in fine condition. $1,000 – up

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that of watchman in the Art Building nowoccupied by the Quartermaster General’soffice, to be on duty from 4 o’clock in theafternoon of one day, when the clerks leave,until 7 o’clock the next morning. Mr.Robinson was employed on the CapitolExtension while that work was under mydirection...”. On the verso, Assistant Sec-retary of War Charles A. Dana signed, ap-proving the appointment. CHARLES A.DANA (1819-1897) was a journalist be-fore and after the war, and Lincoln appointedhim Assistant Secretary of War in 1864. Theletter is in fine condition overall with darkink. $300 - up

A SOLDIER NEAR OF PETERSBURGREPORTS: “I THINK RICHMOND

WILL BE OURS VERY SOON.GRANT HOLDS ALL THE RAIL-ROADS LEADING SOUTH FROM

PETERSBURG. LEE HAS FALLENBACK...THE LAST MOVE OF

GRANTS ARMY IS ONE OF THEGREATEST SUCCESSES OF THE

WAR.”* 192(CIVIL WAR SOLDIER’S LETTER).ALS. 4PP. 8" x 10". Bermuda Hundred [Vir-ginia]. June 20th, 1864. A Civil Warsoldier’s letter signed “Linus R. Clark” tohis wife. He describes the initial assaultson Petersburg in an attempt to end the war:“... We landed at Bermuda Hundred Land-ing the evening of the 14th landed andmarched 4 miles and camped for the night.The next morning we started at 3 o’clockmarched to the Point of Rocks on theAppomattox River crossed on a PontoonBridge and started in the direction of Pe-tersburg. There were two divisions of the18th corps about 12,000 men and a Brigadeof 300 Negroes. We got within 2 1/2 milesof the city without serious opposition.There we found the army strongly postedbehind their works. We formed a line ofBattle and moved up to about 1/4mile oftheir works where we laid till 6 o’clock inthe evening waiting for a part of Grants [sic]army to came up to our assistance. At thattime we heard that the 2nd corps was within4 miles of us and the order was immediatelygiven to storm the works as delay was dan-gerous, for we could see large reinforce-ments coming to the aid of the enemy andthey were within 2 miles of them. When theorder to charge was given, the movementwas so bold and unexpected that it took theenemy entirely by surprise and before they

could get themselves in position, we wereupon them. And when their line was onceagain broken they broke and ran the bestthey knew how. The first works was a 5-gun battery and ours was the first Regimentin, and in half an hour our forces had takentheir entire line of 2 or 3 miles in length andthe strongest position I have ever seen. It isa range of hills circling around the southside of Petersburg about 2 miles from thecity. The next morning a large part of Lees[sic] army were in the city and attacked someparts of our line but it was too strong forhim and our artillery kept up a constant fireon his troops. We staid [sic] there till theevening of the 17th when we came too presentPosition where we arrived yesterday. Weare near where we were 4 weeks ago in avery good place 1/2 mile from the JamesRiver on a high Plain...I think Richmondwill be ours very soon. Grant holds all theRail Roads leading south from Petersburg.Lee has fallen back to the north side of thestream. Neither [sic] army occupies the citynow but we can occupy it any time we wish.The last move of Grants army is one of thegreatest successes of the war...” In June 1864,Grant was near the heavily fortified Rich-mond. In an attempt to break through Lee’slines, he ordered the bloody assault at ColdHarbor on June 3. Nearly 7,000 Federaltroops were killed or wounded in fifteenminutes, and Grant later said it was the onlyaction he regretted. For Lee, it was the lastall-out victory of the war. Grant regroupedhis troops and stealthily moved them fromCold Harbor south to cross the James Rivernear Petersburg. Grant wanted to capturePetersburg and its vital rail lines. On June14, Grant’s troops began crossing the JamesRiver at Bermuda Hundred, then attackedPetersburg on June 15 for three days. WhenGrant saw that he could not capture the cityoutright, he decided to siege the town; Pe-tersburg would hold out until April 2,1865. The author of this letter would laterlose a leg while fighting at Petersburg. Theletter is in fine condition despite a few mi-nor holes that affect nothing and minor wearat the folds. An exceptional letter.

$750 – up

POSTWAR PREPRINTEDMISSISSIPPI SHARECROPPERS

AGREEMENTS* 193A superb pair of preprinted sharecropperagreements, both dated in 1867, in whichthe Supply firm of W.C. Pond & Co. based inBolton Mississippi agree to advance plan-tation owners an agreed upon amount ofsupplies necessary to grow a crop on therespective plantations, apparently for ex-

clusive rights to sell the crop and or in re-turn for a portion of the crop produced. Aswas the case with the majority of the South,much of the State of Mississippi was bothphysically and economically devastated bythe recent civil war. Cash was virtually non-existent, forcing plantation owners and theirsuppliers to rely on a barter system untilthe economy of the area began to recover.Fine. $200 - up

A CHOICE FITZHUGH LEE SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH

* 194FITZHUGH LEE(1835 - 1905) Confeder-ate major general and nephew of Robert E.Lee. Fitzhugh Lee directed cavalry inStuart’s ride around McClellan and foughtat Antietam and Gettysburg. A fine post-war 5 x 7" waist -up view of Lee, bearin theblindstamp of “Homier & Clark, Richmond,Va.”, boldly signed in the bottom margin ofthe image mount:” Fitzhugh Lee, U.S. Con-sul Gen. , Havana, Cuba . Both the imageand signature are near pristine, in fine con-dition. $500 – up

“there are not many Copperheads here…Old Vermont is Union yet…”

* 195(CIVIL WAR ERA LETTER). ALS. 4pp. 5”x8”, n.p. Nov. 7th, 1864. A Civil War periodletter signed “Charles King” to his par-ents. He mentions the upcoming Presiden-tial election, held the next day: “…..I shouldlike to be at home at the election. I supposethere will be an exciting time, there are notmany Copperheads here…Old Vermont isUnion yet…” Very Fine. $200 – up

LETTERS OF UNIONSURGEON WILLIAM

GITHINS

Civil War letters of William HarrisonGithens. 16th Illinois Infantry and 78th Regi-ment Illinois Volunteers, 2nd Brigade, 2nd

Division, 14th Army Corps. 1861-65. Ten-nessee, Georgia and several other places.

Dr. W.H. Githens (1827-1904) was born inOhio, studies medicine in Iowa, and movedto Hamilton, Illinois in 1853. He enlistedat the beginning of the Civil War and servedas an Orderly Sergeant in the 16th IllinoisInfantry. In June of 1863 he re-enlisted, waspromoted to Assistant Surgeon, and servedwith the 78th Regiment, Illinois Volunteers.

The letters in this collection are for the mostpart written to Githen’s wife Sarah (d.1902), whom Githens married in 1849. Afew of the letters are to their daughter Louise.

During his first enlistment, Githens wasstationed in Missouri, Tennessee and Penn-sylvania and his unit saw very little action.16 of the letters are from this period.

As a soldier in the 14th Army Corp in hissecond enlistment, however, he participatedas an assistant surgeon in the Tullahomaoperation, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, theAtlanta Campaign, the March to the Sea andthe Carolinas Campaign.

He writes from the perspective of a fielddoctor who also at times is close to Head-quarters operations. He described treatingthe wounded as well as the more generalgoings on of military action. There are anextensive number of letters from the battle-fields of Tennessee and Georgia (1863-64)and his descriptions of the Atlanta Cam-paign can be considered very insightful andwell written.

As the war, Dr. Githens returned Hamiltonwhere for the most part he lived the rest ofhis life, owning a number of pharmacies.

“The dining rooms were magnificentand the guests were altogether too

fine for me. “

* 196[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS] OCT.30TH 1862 hiladelphia Pa,

“Dear Wife: I again write you of mywhereabouts. I reached here last nightafter dark, and should have writtenimmediately but I wanted to wait till gotsettled a little. I stopped at theContinental Hotel upon the recommen-dation of a gentleman I met on the Cars.I was considerable dazzled by all thesplendor, but I didn’t let on but what Iwas used to such things ever day. Silverand marble was scattered around prettyliberally. Almost every nook and cornerwas finely carpeted. The stairs allcarpeted and cushioned. I don’t knowhow many Darkies, but I should judgenearly a hundred were employed as

33

waiters and so polite you’d think someof them would jerk their necks out ofjoint, bowing and scrapping, but theydon’t. I suppose they’re used to it. Thereis one or two persons stationedconstantly on each floor to directpersons to where they wish to go andprevent their getting lost. The diningrooms were magnificent and the guestswere altogether too fine for me. Ithought I was pretty well fixed up beforeI left home, but I actually looked shabbyand of course felt a little embarrassed. Idon’t think I shall stop at such finehouses in the future. I got out of there assoon as I could. The first think (sic) Idone was to find the College then to findProfessor Dunglison, and makearrangements for the Lectures. Then tofind a boarding house which I soondone-and get my baggage to it-the houseis only two squares from the college.The people seem very nice, and have butfew boarders. I have a student for roommate. Not very brilliant but I guess we’llget along well enough. After I hadengaged my boarding place I wentacross the Delaware River to Camden tosee my cousin Sammy Scull - I foundthem very nicely situated and very clever,got back to the city in time to hear twoLectures, one by Prof. Dunglison andvery interesting. I like the old gentlemanvery much. They all seem very muchsurprised that I should come so far, andtake a great deal of pains to beagreeable.

If I don’t lean something itwill certainly be my own fault, for thefacilities are excellent. I didn’t tell youhow I got along from Dayton, but I donever well. A good part of the way wasnight and of course I could se much ofthe country. I wanted to see somethingof the mountain scenery besides from thecars, so I stopped off at Johnstown andwent to see (Vickroy’s) folks. I foundthem very pleasant people. I was nevertreated better anywhere. They live threemiles from town in a little valleysurrounded by pretty good sizedmountains and very secluded-about halfa mile from the main road and wherethey never see a living individual exceptas they call there or as they go outsomewhere. I suppose they haveneighbors, but I didn’t see any signs ofthem. I don’t see how they could get tothem if they had. They have quite anintelligent family- five girls at home anda boy or two- Louise begins to look quiteold- and I thought quite ugly- but itwouldn’t do to tell her so. But shecertainly is talented. Some of her poetryis very fine- if I am a judge. My sheet isgetting full and it is quite late so I willclose, but I haven’t told you half thewonderful things I have seen, but willwrite again in short time and tell more.” $125 - up

”we hear every day that pay dayis tomorrow but tomorrow don’t

come”

* 197[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS].Hospital Surgeon’s OfficeMacon City MO June 30th (1861).

“Dear Wife- You will wonder why I havenot written to you more regularly. The

fact is we are all out of money-and can’tget stamps. And of course we can’t sendletters without.

We are getting along finely-I am quite busy all the time but we havehad no dangerous cases yet. We havevery good Hospital arrangements here -the patients are in the upper part of atwo story building and my office-Kitchenand Eating room are in a little one storybuilding close by it- there are 8 to 15patients all the time- several cases ofmeasles, Dysentery, Diarrhea. (_) thereare five companies here, which is halfthe regiment-the people are very clever-and you would hardly think of being inan enemy’s country.

I do not know how long wewill stay here but if I can learn so thatyou would have time to get here—And Iget some pay I intend to come or send foryou-that’s what I;m looking for and Iwould like to enjoy my earnings to someextent as I go along—we hear every daythat pay day is tomorrow but tomorrowdon’t come-. There is not doubt but wewill get our pay for the State Service thisweek but my share of that will be verysmall as I was only orderly Sergeantthen- I may possibly get some pay asSurgeon- I hope so at least- our pay forthe State Service will be due in a very fewdays-and there will be two months ofthat which will be quite a nice littlepile—I will probably have to go toSpringfield to be examined if I do I shallmake it in my way to come round byhome.

I hear from you occasion-ally. I am sorry that your can’t get anymoney yet- I am afraid that Moore don’ttry very hard to get it or else he uses ithimself. I hardly think he would do that.Keep up courage and all will be rightyet- it may be very hard to bear- nodoubt you are very lonely. I know that Iam - but we have so much excitement andI am so busy that I hardly have time toget the blues—but there is satisfaction. Ihave no trouble about where my grub isto come from-(_) no one to dun me atever corner-I haven’t bee dunned oncesince I joined the Army and that itselfwould pay for all the privations weendure which I suppose you would thinkwere considerable if you could see ussometimes - - there is times when theboys get short of provisions- but notoften-such as they are- they get most toomuch fat side meat- but we live firstratehere at the hospital. I have a good cookand we draw the best of everything. Weget milk- butter, eggs- and sometimes

vegetables- Adelbert Ritchey is myHospital Steward- and then I have aGerman for Nurse- he has nothing to dobut take care of the sick, give themmedicine & etc.

When you come to see usyou will see how we live -”

“...there is something serous brewing forthe five boat loads of troops came downthis evening - and five more will be in tonight - railroads are bringing them too

as fast as possible...” $200 - up

* 198[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Feb 20th 1862. MedicalDepartmentBird’s Point Mo.Feb 20th 62.

“Dear Wife, I have again to day rec’d aletter from you - being the third - I(wrote?) you last night - but as I haverec’d a letter from (Bro?) Sam, thoughtwould send it to you. I told you to stop awhile - until Louise got perfectly stout -at any rate don’t try to come till the riveropens - and I guess you had better waittill I know something more definate ofour destination thought I don’t caremuch- if Louise gets well enough so thatthe friends think it would be prudent tostart - you know those lung diseases arevery sensitive - and especially when thefollow measles - you can’t be moreanxious to come than I am to have you -the trouble is we will have to live in ourtent thought the Colonel said he couldlet us have a little room at HeadQuarters. They all seem anxious to haveyou come. The Chaplain say God blessthe Woman - let her come- and help uslook after the sick. I am sorry thatLouise can’t stay and go to school - shewould be so much better off. I am veryloth to give my consent to have you bringher.

When we move I have asmuch as I can do to take care of ourHospital affairs and the sick while if youwas alone you could take care ofyourself - it the weather was only warmand dry it would do- but to have rainmud sleet snow - any everything else -and that in a place where there is no(bottom?) it looks like foolishness tobring a woman much more children.Still there are a number of Ladies herealthough they can’t get out till the muddries up - when that will be no one cantell - they say it does et dry and dustyhere - but I can hardly realize it—— ourboys are generally well - - I saw Sheldonhe sent our miniatures to Father - in thesame case. I had an excellent picturetaken - I did not see his—there issomething serous brewing for the fiveboat loads of troops came down thisevening - and five more will be in tonight - railroads are bringing them tooas fast as possible. I rather thinkColumbus will be the Point - it will behot work but we are bound to have it—Write when you can -”

$200 - up

“We are afraid that the rebels willevacuate Columbus without trying ourgrit...There are plenty of rumors to thateffect. We are rather anxious to get to

do something to redeem our character -we have been blamed, very unjustly

too...”* 199[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Feb 24th 1862. Medical De-partment Bird’s PointFe 24th 1862.

“Dear Wife, I set down as usual to sendyou the news - as far as I know. I wroteyou that the Gun boats had gone downto Columbus - - it turned out that butlittle was done. The rebels fired a fewguns to bring them to- our boats rangedthemselves in line of battle and beforethey commenced firing a rebel boat putout with a white flag- they came up andtogether with our General Payne andCullum held a conference of about threehours. The result was that they wentback to the fort an our boats turnedaround and came home- what it means Ican’t tell - there is a perfect forest ofsteamers at Cairo - and soldiers goingand coming all the time - we are stilllaying on our (oars?), just waiting fororders - that, you know is the mostannoying of all - this being in suspense -don’t know what to do - at the same timethere’s so much to do. We are afraidthat the rebels will evacuate Columbuswithout trying our grit.

There are plenty of rumorsto that effect. We are rather anxious toget to do something to redeem ourcharacter - we have been blamed, veryunjustly too - but the community thinkits all true - we still hear about the boysbeing drunk at (Quincy?) - I know it tobe a lie in hundreds of cases - - probablythere were a number drunk, but theDoggery (?) Keepers are more to blamethan they were. AT any rate if certainindividuals don’t stop talking about ourboys they will have some accounts tosettle when they come home that will bevery unpleasant.It has been several days since I haveheard anything from you - I am afraidthat Louise don’t get along well - by allmeans don’t take her out too soon. Iwould like to have you here very muchbut, don’t risk her health by venturingtoo early. The weather for two days hasbeen quite pleasant and already thewalking is good and the roads soon willbe. I have bought the Chaplain’s finehorse - and was out to day trying him.He rides very well - I went back into thewoods - but the ground was most toosoft to go far - the timber is very thickand is covered with large patches of thefar famed Mistletoe - I send you aspecimen of its leaves - it grows indifferent kings of trees - is evergreen,and grows in bunches as large as half abushel basket - it looks very singular. Ifound some few stalks of the cane hardlylarge enough for pipe stems - butshowing that we are graduallyapproaching the “sunny south”- I didnot get far enough back to see thecypress - but it grown in greatabundance here - - our barracks are

34

covered with clapboards made from thetimber. Blue birds, meadow larks, andother spring birds are plenty here -reminding one of the sunny days ofspring and summer.Ritchey is scolding about going to bedso I will have to help spread our quiltson the floor and bunk down and thinkand dream and wish I was at home withyou.” $200 - up

“ ...I expect the rebels will make astand there - and if they do it will be a

bloody one...”

* 200[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS].April 22, 1862. On Board (N.D?) Thomas - April 22, 62. Pittsburg Land-ing - Tennessee River- Tuesday Morning -Breakfast time.

“Dear Wife, We have just reached hereand I take a few moments to let you knowof it. We have had a disagreeable tripon account of the rain - otherwise itwould have been very pleasant as theriver is the most beautiful I have everseen - - It is about as large as the Illinois- quite straight and free from snags orislands. There are immense numbers ofboats here, but what the move is I can’ttell of course. I am in hopes you willstay in Cairo till after you hear fromCorinth. I expect the rebels will make astand there - and if they do it will be abloody one. A good many of our men aresick with diarrhea, dysentery, chills, &etc. from exposure on the boats -sleeping on deck, no chance to cook &etc. But the weather is pleasanter today.The sun shines bright and in a shorttime it will be uncomfortably warm. Iwish you could have come with us. Youwould have enjoyed the scenery. We havepassed good sized mountains - highcliffs covered with pines - iron furnacesand a good many things that were new tome. I expect to see a good many thingsthat are new —— I will try and keep youposted in all that’s going on.One thing I must insist on - you mustkeep up your spirits - at least I wish youwould not tell me of your troubles. Ihave trouble but I keep it to myself.”

$200 - up

“I went ... to the Mint to day- and saw them making money — gold

and silver by the bushel. Everything themost perfect. Ten dollar pieces were

stamped faster than you could pick themup one at a time. Just think - day afterday - thousands and tens of thousands

of dollars are turned out and yet there’sno money— cents and Postage Notes are

the only money here, except for largebills...”

* 201[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Nov. 14th 1862. Philadelphia,Pa Nov 14th 62.

“Dear Wife Sarah, I have just receivedanother letter form you, and as I make ita point to keep all letter answered aspromptly as possible, I sit down toattend to it before commencing my

evenings work. I have but very little ofimportance to tell you as I just wrote youa few days ago. Of course I am well - infact never heartier - I have a goodappetite and rest well - in fact, too well -for I get sleepy during lectures. I havebeen accustomed to such an active lifefor some time that when I sit still forseveral hours I get dull and stupid - stillI work hard to keep up I find my memoryis not so good as it used to be so that Ihave to study a great (a great) dealharder to accomplish the same object.And then there is so much to learn I amutterly ashamed of myself - that I havelived so long to so little purpose. Icertainly could have learned much moreif I had tried. I faithfully promise that Iwill improve the balance of my life to thebest of my abilities. It seemed to me thatI was always studying something but Iam afraid that I did not adopt theproper course. I hope to be able to getthrough before the winer is over - I donot know whether to try to graduate ornot. I am afraid I’ll not have moneyenough to do so and get a fewinstruments and dissect as much as Iwish, but there is time enough toconsider that matter yet. I would like tohave the diploma - but hardly feel ableto afford it. I expect you would rather Iwould bring it with me & so would I—Idon’t know whether I’ll be able to qualifymyself so that I’ll pass muster or not. Iknow one thing - if I fail there’ll be goodmany others on the same list.

You speak of being dull andgloomy, lonesome & etc. - please don’ttell me about it - for I know it must betrying, but its seems to me that there issomething impelling me to the course Ihave taken. It hardly seems voluntary onmy part - everything seems to haveworked just as I could have wished it if Ihad laid out a plan before hand. Myboarding place is like home. Nochildren or anything to disturb. Niceparlor room with gas, water and firealways ready.

You mentionedthat Mr. (Hinman?) charged $5.00 forthat work - it was too much when Ifurnished part of the lumber. I couldhave got it done cheaper - but it seems tobe my luck. Unless I make a bargainbefore hand, then I sometimes getcheated. If you need money, you can getit at Love’s Bank. I expect they havecollected what was due me by this time.Did you get any dry wood yet. I think youhad beter take up what there is comingat Ruggle’s. He may think he’s notmaking enough out of his speculation,though he’ll surely get more than heagreed to give for the claims.

I went we the gentleman I amboarding with to the Mint to day - andsaw them making money — gold andsilver by the bushel. Everything the mostperfect. Ten dollar pieces were stampedfaster than you could pick them up oneat a time. Just think - day after day -thousands and tens of thousands ofdollars are turned out and yet there’s nomoney— cents and Postage Notes are theonly money here, except for large bills.

I was at the Academy ofSciences a few days ago - and was verymuch interested. They have thousands of

specimens of Geology, shells, birds,reptiles, animals, minerals, and in factevery branch of science in the world.Nearly fifty thousand birds - from allparts of the worked - and all free tovisitors.” $250 - up

“I would resign my place but I learnthey don’t intend paying us for some

time and I don’t like to leave without mypay.”

* 202[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Mar 7th 1862. Bird’s Point Mo.Mar 7th 1862.

“Dear Wife, I rec’d your letter yesterday.Was sadly grieved to hear of your beingsick - and with such an attack -something that I have always feared. Ihope thought you’re better now. Yourletter found me in bed -(though I hopeonly temporarily) - with one of myaccustomed bilious attacks from cold,and hard work. I think I’ll be out in aday or two but hardly fit for duty forsome time. I would come home but youknow here is but little chance for asurgeon to leave while company officerscan go when they chose. I would resignmy place but I learn they don’t intendpaying us for some time and I don’t liketo leave without my pay. We have a goodmany sick men that I don’t like to leaveeither. And what to do p______ me morethan all my other troubles. I am afraidto have you come to me because I don’tknow where we will be stationed. Theregiment is still in the neighborhood ofCharleston, Mo if I should come homebefore pay day I’ll need some money, say20 dollars. I paid out on the horse Ibought thinking that pay day wouldsoon come. The weather is morepleasant to day than it has been for aweek. I’ll write more next time -remaining as ever.” $150 - up

“I was out to one of the general MilitaryHospitals yesterday - they have over twothousand patients there and everything

on a ground scale.”

* 203[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Dec 7th 1862. P hiladelphia,Pa.Dec 7th 62.

“Dear Wife,As this is the first Sundayevening since I have been here that I havenot went to church, I thought I wouldtake part of the time to write you a letter.There has been but little importancesince I wrote you, but sill I thought Imust send something. We have plenty todo - for every hour of the time - and myanxiety to succeed prompts me toimprove it to the best advantage. Myappetite being excellent and generalhealth as good as I ever had it in my life,I feel in better spirits and have moreenergy to take hold resolutely - and I mbeginning to flatter myself that if Icontinue till the close of the session thatI shall be able to pass most anywhere,but I believe I have told you that before.

I was out to one of the general MilitaryHospitals yesterday - they have over twothousand patients there and everythingon a ground scale. The buildings areonly one story and of course cover agreat deal of ground. A great manysurgeons are employed and everything isconducted on strictly Militaryprincipals. I should like to be connectedwith one (of) these large institutions fora while, but I think I’ll learn so well howit’s done that I can manage one of myown and that would be much better thanbeing under some one else. I find mymind running on home a good deallately - not that I am homesick, but Ishould like to see you all very much.

I have no doubt but you livewell or at least would if I was at homeand I expect the house is morecomfortable that (than) it ever has beenbefore. Try and keep plenty of goodwood and plenty to eat. I would notdraw less than twenty dollars at a timeand then by making it go as far as youcan, you will have much less trouble.

I am afraid I shall needmore money - if I stay till the end of thesession. I a very anxious to come homeby way of Washington City, but I amafraid I can’t spare the money - and thenI can go to New York city for threedollars. It looks like a pity that I shouldhave to come home without seeing eitherof those places, especially as I hardlyexpect ever to come this way again. Ithink it’s a great pity that we wasn’t bornrich.

The weather has turnedround quite cold the last few days. Itcommenced by raining then turned tosnowing - after falling three of fourinches deep - froze up pretty soldid - andtoday winter clothing, furs, and muffsare displayed extensively. There is achurch just across the street -(Unitarian) - where the fashionableattend. I forgot to count today, but Ithink you would be surprised of thenumber that attend one single church. Ithink there are a great many Christianshere, or else a good many who like toshow their new clothes or their fineclothe - silks so thick they hardly bend,and fur capes as large as a shawl andall these things. But I’d rather have aquiet, happy home than all of them.Wonder if that time will ever come whenI can settle down quietly and contentedat home - hoping so.” $200 - up

“But I hope the day is not far distantwhen peace will reign over all the land

and we can live quiet without beingdisturbed by the roar of cannon or the

details of slaughtered thousands.”

* 204[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Dec 18th 1862. PhiladelphiaPenn. Dec 18th 62.

“Dear Wife, I got your Sunday letter today, and as I always make it a point toanswer them all as fast as I get them -

I am glad always to hear ofyour being well and tolerably well

35

contented - I thought the tone of this lastone was not as cheerful as most of theothers. You must keep up a brave heart.The time rolls around rapidly for me tostart home. I shall be there sooner thanyou have been led to expect if I get on aswell as I have for some time past, thoughI think I had better not make anypromises or set any time, and then youwill not be disappointed. I haveconcluded however not to stay till theend of the session, as that would keep metill March. I would like very much tograduate, but I am afraid to spend somuch time. I guess I’d better see if I getpaid for what privations and expenseI’ve already gone o. I certainly thinkthat I’ll have some claims. To be lookedto as capable of giving advice inimportant cases - - as much so at leastas some of those who have nothing toboast of besides their experience. It hascost me more than I expected it would -and I have thinking for some time ofhaving to write to you for more money,but I guess I’ll have enough to get alongwith. I should like very much to visit theNew York Hospital. It is only 60 milesthere and the expense would not vetmuch but yet I hardly fell able to affordit. I have not visited all the Hospitalhere yet, because I did not like to missthe lectures, but we have a shortvacation during the holydays and I shallput in the time for that purpose

O, how I wish I could be withyou during Christmas week. It seems solong since I was at (at) home or that wewere all together on any holyday orpublic occasion. But I hope the day isnot far distant when peace will reignover all the land and we can live quietwithout being disturbed by the roar ofcannon or the details of slaughteredthousands. We are all much disheart-ened by Burnside’s not being able to gothrough by the route he started. TheHospitals seemed full enough before,but now they must be overflowing - butthey are well prepared for them and butlittle suffering can occur form neglect.I do hope the poor soldiers will not haveto go into winter quarters yet a while,not until there is more prospect for afavorable peace.I feel as though every man, woman andchild ought to take up arms and help putdown the rebellion so that those who areleft might be able to enjoy the quiet andprosperity of peace.We are having a fine dry cool weatherher - very little ice ahs formed yet, and sofar I think this climate is delightful.

Chestnut Street (thefashionable street) swarmed to day withbeautiful ladies - and so finely dressedyou would hardly dream that hard timeswere ever heard of.

I wish you would draw fortyor fifty dollars and get you whatever youwant to eat or wear. I expected youwould spend much more than you have. Iam sure that I should not object. Youmight send me ten or twenty dollars. If Ido not need it no harm done. I shouldfeel better to know that I had plenty.”

$250 - up

“This is a most beautiful country. Asfine as I have ever seen. And if if was

inhabited by white people and Loyal menit would almost be a paradise. “

“I have no sympathy for them theybrought the sin on their own heads and

let them bear it. The sooner they arereduced to poverty the sooner the war

will be over. My motto is take everythingthey have got from a chicken to the

negro”

* 205[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. March 19th 1863.Letter fromJohn K. Allen to Dr. Githens:CampFranklin____(farm?). March 19th 1863

“Dr. Githens:Yours of the 8th of Marchcame to hand yesterday. Was pleased tohear from you. It is always a pleasure tome to get letters from friends in America_ there has been considerable ofexcitement here since we came. And onedisaster to our troops, which of courseyou have seen an account of in the paper- we were not ordered out until the fightwas over although we were in hearingall the time fine Military Strategy!! Itseems to me that some of our militarymen are trying to see how long they canprotract the war. Everything seems to bequiet now, but we may kick up a breezewith VanDorn a (at) most any time, as heis not very far off. Gen Granger iscommanding here now and things moveoff some better than when Gilbert wouldleave us. He is still in command of ourdivision. We heard today that the Senatehad refused to confirm his nomination.His entire division would be glad it thatis the fact. This is a most beautifulcountry. As fine as I have ever seen. Andif if was inhabited by white people andLoyal men it would almost be aparadise. The peach trees is (sic) in fullbloom, and the flowers are out, andeverything in nature looks cheerful, butthe fate of war has laid a heavy hand onthis country a good many wealthy menhave been made poor. And if the warcontinues much longer they will all bereduced to poverty, (God grant howsoon). I have no sympathy for them theybrought the sin on their own heads andlet them bear it. The sooner they arereduced to poverty the sooner the warwill be over. My motto is take everythingthey have got from a chicken to the negro- I would not have the men steal it, forthat would soon demoralize them, but Iwould have officers appointed to takeeverything they got and apply it togovernment use.- You folks in the Northseem to be in a bad fix. Why don’t youhand every one of those Copperheads.They are doing more harm to thegovernment than the Armys (sic) of Jeff.Davis If they were here we would soonget them out of the way. I tell you whenthe soldier get hold of them there will berattling among the dry bones -

Dr. Jorden our Surgeon Ithink will resign before long. He has notbeen with us since we left Nashville. Heis not able to be in the field, and I don’tthink he will for some time to come, and

there is the place for the Surgeon to be. Ithink there is no doubt but he willresign. I think the chances for you wouldbe good. If the place is vacant at anytime I will let you know.

Major Bro_dders sends hisregards to you, and if you will except ofa position as Surgeon of our regimenthe will use all of his influence for you.Give my regards to the old friends inKeokuk - let me hear form youroften.Fraternally Yours, John K. Allen” $200 - up

“They chased and captured nearly fourthousand prisoners - without losing aman they brought them up to Madrid,

turned them out into one of theirdeserted forts like cattle into a pen...Theyare a sorry looking set, regular (Copperas breeches ??). Most of them however

were glad to get away from Dixie. If theyare the kind of men we have to fight I am

ashamed almost to try to hurt them.They look so ignorant that it seems more

like cruelty to dumb brutes...”

* 206[UNION SURGEON - WILLIAMGITHINS]. Camp near New Madrid Mo.April 10 1862.

“Dear Wife, I sit down to drop you theaccustomed line - although I don’t knowthat I can tell you anything new. Youhave of course heard of the brilliantsuccess of our boys - the 10th & 16th

[Illinois].They chased and captured nearly fourthousand prisoners - without losing aman they brought them up to Madrid,turned them out into one of theirdeserted forts like cattle into a pen andkept them there till today when they weresent up to Cairo. Of course you willknow all about them before this reachesyou. I went down this afternoon to seethem. They are a sorry looking set,regular (Copper as breeches ??). Mostof them however were glad to get awayfrom Dixie. If they are the kind of menwe have to fight I am ashamed almost totry to hurt them. They look so ignorantthat it seems more like cruelty to dumbbrutes - still I occasionally see one thatis pretty sharp - - but they acknowledgethat we can beat them in everything andare altogether the best looking. I gotseveral specimens of their money - fromfive cents to one dollar. It is verycommon looking stuff.

We are to be paid tomorrow.I shall not do much towards myresignation till I am paid for fear someof them might question my right to itwithout a commission.

I hope you’ll take itpatiently till I get along.I shall look for r a letter from you soonnow.” $250 - up

SLAVERY ANDBLACK HISTORY

SHENANAGANS TO GET A SLAVEOWNER TO PAY HIS CREDITORS

* 207A. L. S. 4pp. legal folio, St. Helena, La., Mar.4th, 1822, in which a certain Mr. L.H.Moore. Moore, a plantation owner, thoughthimself a friend of the New Orleans firm ofDebiege and Baun only to become angryafter the merchants shorted him after the saleof cotton and other goods. After terselybringing their attention to various account-ing errors. He then outlines his attempts atbetraying one of his neighbors who hashidden his slaves from the New Orleansmerchants, in very small part: “...as [to the]respects [of] Abraham Anderson I…[do not]understand your last letter…you seem tothink that I am the friend of Anderson…Ican assure you both…he might have wentto Africa or to hell…I took the trouble toseize on his shattered remains and done itwithout your advise and before the time hadexpired that you and your attorney gave him.The first information that I received thatAnderson had run [with] his negroes andchattel and his wife and all the family tak-ing all with them…I issued [an] Executionand started the sheriff the very evening thatinformation reached me. The next day thesheriff loaded on an old CrazyWaggon…[with] about five balescottonthat being all the property both realand personal that was left…which was ad-vertised to be sold Feb. 6…I then…used alittle stratagin. I told Anderson how youhad served him [with the warrant]…I toldhim that I was confident that if he wouldfetch back his property and family…I wouldslay the Execution title…I did so but as yetAnderson has not paid the money but hehas returned…[without] the negroes…hehas run them to Texas but the property un-der Execution is still so and…no doubt willgo at a years credit. My object in slayingthe Execution was for the purpose of get-ting him to bring his property back so thatthe sheriff could get hold of it…[and] holdthe property seized on to make balance ofyour money due. This show[ed] to you thatI was this friend of Anderson or that I wasacting the traitor to you. I gentlemen have

36

done…[to] secure your money and have lostfriends in so doing so and now to be de-ceived by you Gentlemen I think it a littlehard…”. Overall a great antebellum letterfrom the lower Mississippi delta in whichcotton is indeed king. Minor margin wearand toning, else very good. $300 - up

A MISSISSIPPI TAX RECEIPTINCLUDING SLAVES

* 208(SLAVERY). 7 ½” x 3 1/8”. Madison county,Mississippi. Partly-printed receipt for taxesdated January 16, 1844. The ownership ofslaves was taxed right along with othergoods such as cattle, watches, clocks, plea-sure carriages and other items. Fine. $75 – up

A NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI TAXRECEIPT INCLUDING SLAVES

* 209(SLAVERY). 6 7/8” x 3”. Natchez, Missis-sippi. Partly-printed receipt on blue paperfor taxes dated Dec. 31, 1858. The owner-ship of slaves was taxed right along withother goods such as cattle, watches, clocks,pleasure carriages, gold and silver articlesand other items. Fine. $75 – up

FORMER KENTUCKY SLAVE POSTSAND SIGNS A BOND FOR HIS

FREEDOM* 210 An A. D. S. 1p. Legal folio on blue legalpaper, Commonwealth of Kentucky, March6, 1854, in which newly emancipated slaveReuben Bell and his sponsor, RachelThurston sign a bond asserting that Bellwould remain a productive member of thecommunity, in part:”…We Reuben Bell, ofcolor and Rachel Thurston are held firmlybound unto the Commonwealth of Ken-tucky in the sum of Five Hundred Dollars….The Condition of the above obligationis such. ... the above bound Reuben Bell hasbeen emancipated and set free by the lastwill and testament of John Standeford De-ceased … if the said Reuben Bell shall neverbecome a charge to any county in this Com-monwealth for his maintenance and support,then this obligation [ is ] to be void…”. Incertain states such as Kentucky where themanumission of Slaves was legal, if thenewly freed slave wished to remain withinthe state then they, often in conjunctionwith a sponsor, were required to post a bondin guarantee that they would be self sup-porting and not become a burden upon thecommunity in which they lived. Ms.Thurston, who cosigns the bond withReuben Bell, wrote out Bell’s name for him,to which he added his mark. While it is

possible that Ms. Thurson merely signed asa compassionate individual, it is more likelythat she was either Mr. Bell’s employer orone of his previously manumitted relatives.It is almost certain that this was the firsttime that Mr. Bell affixed his name to a con-tract, and one can only imagine the emotionhe felt in doing so. Fine condition. $500 - up

A FINE ALS BYWILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON IN

WHICH HE MENTIONS THE ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY WRITTEN TO

DANIEL F. CHILD OF THEPROMINENT ANTI-SLAVERY

FAMILY* 211WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, (1805-1879). Abolitionist; Reformer; ournalist.ALS. Boston, June 26, 1857. To DanielChild, Esq. 7 ¾” x 4 ¾”Boston June 26,1857 “Dear My dear Mr. Child: Will youdo me the favor to read the enclosed appeal,and return it to me at your earliest conve-nience, (either at the AntiSlavery office, orat my house, 14 Dix Place,) as I wish topresent it to a few other friends, - makingsuch a response as you may feel able, in viewof the numberless calls upon your charit!for I know how you are solicited, as a kind-hearted, generous soul never fails to be, toaid the poor and the needy, the blind andthe ( ). But I hope Heaven will make it truein your case, what John Bunyan wrote ofanother- “There was a man, by some ac-counted made, The more he gave away, themore he had”.Yours, with warm regards, WmLloyd Garrison.” A fine Garrison lettermentioning the Anti-Slavery office inwhich the Field family was heavily involvedand offering a touching quote of kindness.Fine. $750 - up

RECEIPT FOR DELIVERINGSLAVES

* 212A small 5”x 4” A.D.S. [n.p.], Feb. 19, 1861,in which a Steven Phillips acknowledgesreceiving from T. Reavis :”…Nine dollars

in bringing the Parkham Negroes from theParkham Plantation to his …” Transport-ing slaves from one place to another was atricky business, as slaves were naturallyprone to running away while on the openroad. Fine condition. $100 - up

LETTER DISCUSSING PURCHASING A SLAVE

* 213A 2pp. 8"x 10" A.L.S., Brenersville, Ala-bama, Nov. 1, 1852, in which WilliamRichardson writes his sister concerning hisintended purchase of a slave, in part:”…Ihave thought a great deal about the requestyou made about buying the Negro woman…& have become responsible as trustee forthe hire of a negro woman for two or threeyears until I can get some money …and thenbuy one with several children….” . Minorchipping on right margin, moderate soil-ing, otherwise very good. $150 - up

DURING THE CIVIL WAR A SLAVEPATROL IS ORDERED TO SEARCH

FOR CLANDESTINE SLAVEMEETINGS AND RUNAWAY SLAVES

* 214 A fascinating and exceptionally rare 8"x 61/2" ADS, Rockbridge, Va., May 7, 1861, inwhich Justice J. C. Johnston designates agroup of men to act as a slave patrol, search-ing for unlawful gatherings of slaves andrunaways, ordering the men to :”…visit …atleast once a week all Negro quarters andother places suspected of having thereinunlawful assemblies of such slaves as maystroll from one plantation to another, and totake away persons found in an unlawfulassembly or any slaves found strictly abroad,before some justice near the place of cap-ture, to be dealt with according to law…”.Slave patrols, designed to discourageslaves from gathering in groups in order toplan rebellions, and to capture runawayslaves, were pretty much a Southern insti-tution before the war. Given that the CivilWar had begun only three weeks after thisorder was written and Virginia’s proximityto non-slaveholding Northern States, Au-thorities must have felt an even greater needfor increased scrutiny of their slaves activi-ties. The piece is heavily soiled and bearssome water staining at one of its folds, andone of the Judge’s signatures at the bottommargin has been effected by chipping, yetall of the document is clearly legible. Need-less to say, documents forming slave patrolsare exceedingly rare, particularly since theywere usually carried by the patrol’s cap-tain, serving as the modern equivalent of aSearch Warrant, and thereby exposed to wearand the elements. This example is no excep-tion, and has some water staining at onefold as well as moderate soiling, and part ofthe second signature of the Judge, who also

signed at the top, obscured at the extremebottom margin. While its condition is justgood, the document’s extreme rarity, alongwith its content and wartime dating, makeit one of the more desirable and virtuallyunobtainable slave documents. $500 - up

VIRGINIA SLAVE HIRE* 215A fine A.D.S 1p. Oblong 8vo. ( roughly thesize of a check) June 9, 1841 [ no place] inwhich a Mr. Preston promises to pay “TwoHundred Dollars for the hire of a negroe boy,the property of Jn. A. Talley of Virginia andto furnish said negroe with a good pair ofWinter shoes, hat, and blanket…” . Twohundred dollars was about four times thenormal annual hire rate for slaves at this time,so we must assume that the slave had mas-tered a trade of some sort, such as carpentryor blacksmithing. Very good. $125 - up

WOMAN COMPLAINS TO LAWYEROF BEING CHEATED AT A SLAVE

AUCTION* 216A.L.S. 1p. Legal folio, Lincoln County, N.C.,in which a woman complains of beingcheated by her own auctioneer when sheattempted to repurchase several of her ownslaves offered at her late husband’s estatesale, in part:”…Having bought two Negroat the sale of our estate I offered security butwas prevented by an overruling man whodissuaded my security…then the adminis-trators wrested the Negroes out of my handsand exposed them at another sale and theysold for less. I demand [ to know] whetherthey acted lawfully or not …I bought sev-eral Negroes at the sale for my children, whowere minors, and offered ….security for theNegroes …but the adm. …exposed themagain to sale, and they sold lower than atthe first sale …P.S.: If I can get redress bythe law you will be employed by me…”.The Phenomenal value of slaves, as well asthe perceived vulnerability of the Grievingwidow, often led unscrupulous auctioneersto conspire with other’s to buy the slavesat bargain prices. Very good.

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AUTHORIZATION AND RECEIPTFOR TAKING SLAVES FROM AN

OVERSEER* 217A.N.S. 1p. Oblong 4to. On blue legal pa-per, Feb. 20, 1861, in which T. Reavis, aplantation owner, writes: “ Mr. Barncastlewill deliver the Negro woman Susan andher infant child that Mr. Phillips left at thePlantation yesterday, to the bearer, Mr.Jethro Oates, and take his receipt for them.All the other Negroes left by Mr. Phillipsmust be kept where they are. At the bottomof he page the aforementioned Jethro Oatessigns his name, affirming that:” I have re-ceived from Mr. Barncastle, Mr. Reavisoverseer, the negros above named…”.Slaves were extremely expensive and valu-able property, and as a consequence, wereoften stolen to be resold. This receipt servesto authorize the overseer to release theslaves to Mr. Oates, whom he may havenever met, and would also serve as a passto Mr. Oates, explaining his possession ofthe slaves should he be questioned by theauthorities while on the road. Very goodto fine. $150 - up

LETTER SEEKING DAMAGES FORA DEAD SLAVE

* 218A.L.S. 1p. 4to. Panola Ms. , Oct. 1, 1850. Inwhich a potential witness to a slavery law-suit apparently responds to a request byone of the attorneys to testify in the trial,commenting on the case in the process, inpart: “ …I will go to Jackson the 1st of Nov.but it is very inconvenient for me to doso….I will attend but I wish a subpoenaserved that I may get pay for going . On thesubject of the suit the family have enteredagainst us…of the property ….JamesShirley took it in possession and Georgethe Negro boy died while in the posses-sion of Shirley…he had all of the propertyin his possession in a very few days fromthe time it was taken…I can tell you morewhen I see you…..” postally used, with at-torneys cancelled address label on the backof the letter, very good. $150 - up

DURING THE CIVIL WAR A SLAVEPATROL IS ORDERED TO SEARCH

FOR CLANDESTINE SLAVEMEETINGS AND RUNAWAY SLAVES* 220 A fascinating and exceptionally rare 8"x 61/2" ADS, Rockbridge, Va., May 7, 1861, inwhich Justice J. C. Johnston designates agroup of men to act as a slave patrol, search-ing for unlawful gatherings of slaves andrunaways, ordering the men to :”…visit …atleast once a week all Negro quarters andother places suspected of having thereinunlawful assemblies of such slaves as maystroll from one plantation to another, and totake away persons found in an unlawfulassembly or any slaves found strictly abroad,before some justice near the place of cap-ture, to be dealt with according to law…”.Slave patrols, designed to discourageslaves from gathering in groups in order toplan rebellions, and to capture runawayslaves, were pretty much a Southern insti-

tution before the war. Given that the CivilWar had begun only three weeks after thisorder was written and Virginia’s proximityto non-slaveholding Northern States, Au-thorities must have felt an even greater needfor increased scrutiny of their slaves activi-ties. The piece is heavily soiled and bearssome water staining at one of its folds, andone of the Judge’s signatures at the bottommargin has been effected by chipping, yetall of the document is clearly legible. Need-less to say, documents forming slave patrolsare exceedingly rare, particularly since theywere usually carried by the patrol’s cap-tain, serving as the modern equivalent of aSearch Warrant, and thereby exposed to wearand the elements. This is the first such docu-ment that we have encountered, and whileits condition is just good, its rarity, con-tent, and wartime dating make it extremelydesirable. $500 - up

ALABAMA SLAVE HIRE* 221A fine A.D.S 1p. Oblong 8vo. Gainesville,Alabama, Jan. 5, 1857, in which a CalebParker promises to pay “ …Three Hun-dred Twenty Six Dollars for the hire of Joefor year 1857, & also promise to give Joegood 7 sufficient clothing and pay taxesand medical bills. ..” . The normal hire ratefor a field hand was around $50 a year, soit must be assumed that “Joe” was a skilledlaborer. Tiny , clean, circular “bug holes “at points , not effecting text, otherwise verygood. $150 - up

DETAILED SLAVE HIRE LISTFORSIX SLAVES FOR TWO

MONTHS* 222 An unusual 1p. 8"x 10" slave hire record,[n.p], Dec. 1, 1863, in which the pay for thehire of seven slaves owned by a Mr. J.Wright and rented out to Simmons, Dane& Co. is listed for the two months of Octo-ber and November of 1853. For each month,the pay given for each named slave is item-ized, with deductions for the amount of timelost for each slave due to illness or other

reasons. Near fine condition $100 - up

CIVIL WAR RECEIPT IN WHICHSLAVE OVERSEER RECEIVES

PAYMENT IN KIND* 223An unusual 2 ½”x 4” receipt on brown“Secesh” adversity paper in which JohnWest, a slave overseer, signs with his mark,acknowledging having received his wagesin bushels of corn :”…for my services as

AN HISTORIC EARLY SLAVE TRADING COMPANY THE DUTCH WEST INDIES COMPANY HAS

ITS CHARTER RENEWED* 219DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY. An announcement of the renewal of thecompany’s charter by the States General of the Dutch Republic. 1761. IsaacScheltus, original printer. An extremely large document being four panels to-gether with an overall measurement of 20 ½” x 56”. The document details therenewal of the charter and it’s rights to trade in slaves and other goods from thecoast of Africa. The company was founded as a “trading and colonizing company,chartered by the States-General of the Dutch republic in 1621 and organized in1623. The United New Netherland Company, which had been trading around themouth of the Hudson River for several years, was absorbed into the new company.By the terms of the charter no citizen of the Netherlands could trade with anypoint on the African coast between the Tropic of Cancer and the Cape of GoodHope or on the American coast between Newfoundland and the Straits of Magellanwithout the company’s permission. The company was responsible to the States-General in larger matters, such as declaring war, but otherwise had almost com-plete administrative and judicial power in its territory. The company was ini-tially interested taking Brazil from the Portuguese. After 30 years of warfare,however, Brazil was lost. By that time the company had built Fort Orange (1624)on the site of Albany, N.Y., Fort Nassau (1624) on the Delaware River, Fort GoodHope on the site of Hartford on the Connecticut River, and finally Fort Amsterdam(1626), on the southern tip of Manhattan Island, which was the nucleus of thesettlement called New Amsterdam, now New York City. England could not thenafford to antagonize the Dutch because of wars with France and Spain and sopermitted the Dutch settlement to be made on lands that England claimed. NewNetherland remained under the control of the company until the English finallyconquered it in 1664. The company’s unsound financial condition led to itsreorganization under a new charter in 1674. Thereafter it engaged primarily in theAfrican slave trade, though it still possessed colonies in Guiana. In 1791 itscharter expired and was not renewed.” (encyclopedia.com). A rare, early docu-ment displaying a governments chartering of a slave trading company. $2,500 - up

38

overseer for a part of the year 1865...”. Inthese last few months before the end of thewar, when the final outcome was no longerin doubt, the overseer was wise to acceptcorn instead of Confederate currency, whichthen had little or no value. “Burn marks”from the use of Iron Gall ink effect the read-ability of some of the words in the receipt,which is overall in very good condition. $100 - up

AN INQUIRY INTO THE CHARAC-TER AND TENDENCY OF THE

AMERICAN COLONIZATION ANDAMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY

SOCIETIESBY WILLIAM JAY

* 224WILLIAM JAY (1789-1858) became anoted jurist and abolitionist. From 1812 to1842, he was a judge, and in 1815, a founderof the American Bible Society. His father,John Jay, was an important statesman dur-ing the colonial and revolutionary period,and was the first president of the AbolitionSociety. This is one of his many publica-tions.

Book 7 ¾” x 4 ¾” 206 pages. Published byLeavitt, Lord &Co. “…So, also, it is im-portant, that the sinfulness of slavery,should not be merged in that of its unautho-rized abuses. Many contend for the lawful-ness of slavery who readily admit the sin-fulness of insulated cases of cruelty. It has,therefore, been my object to show, that ad-mitting the slaves to be treated as a prudentfarmer treats his cattle – that they haveenough to eat—are sheltered from the in-clemency of the weather, and are not sub-jected to a greater degree of severity than isnecessary, to exhort from them a due amountof labor – American slavery is, neverthe-less, a heinous sin, and, like every othersin, ought to be immediately abandoned.”In fine condition. $200 - up

KENTUCKY RECEIPT FORKEEPING A SLAVE “IN GALE”

* 225A. D.S. 1p. 4” x 8 ½ “ July 10, 1839,Flemingsburg, Ky. In which one A.W. Rochacknowledges receipt from John

Laythrem of “one Dollar and fifty four centesas Jail Fees for keeping and providing aNegro in Gale…”. Unlike the common mod-ern perception, in the context of this docu-ment the word “Jail” merely meant a place ofconfinement, not necessarily limited toholding criminals. In this context, the re-ceipt is referring to “Slave jails”, to whichslaves were sent prior to being auctioned.Here the slave was generally well treatedand fed, as it was desired for him to lookwell rested and “Plumped out” to achievea better selling price. This lot comes with adetailed description of slave jails, taken fromDorothy and Carl Schneider’s :” An Eye-witness History of Slavery in America(2001, FACTS ON FILE Press). Some mar-ginal chipping, otherwise very good. $125 - up

ORPHANS COURT APPOINTSEXECUTORS TO SELL SLAVE

* 226A.L.S. 1p. Legal folio, Wilcox County, Ala-bama, December, 1842, being a court orderappointing a group of executors to see thatthe former wife of Willie James, who is nowdead, receive one fifth of the value of his“Negro Property”. Apparently the formerMrs. James did not believe in wasting time,for the document indicates that she has al-ready remarried ! Minor split repaired onverso, otherwise very good. $150 - up

SEIZURE OF FIVE SLAVES TOSATISFY A DEBT

* 227 DS. 2pp. Legal folio, Greene County, Ala-bama, Nov. 14, 1853, whereby named ex-ecutors acting on behalf of Lafayette Minor,are empowered to take possession of:”…Five Negroes named and described asfollows … Ellick about 50, Johnston about22, Sally about 40 and infant, Major about14 and Femilla, * years old , also the crop ofcotton and corn …” said to belong to a JohnG. friend ( his real name) . In a court case over

property, Mr. Minor had posted bond onbehalf of Mr. Friend, and since Friend sub-sequently lost the lawsuit, Minor is nowrequesting the seizure of Friend’s propertyin order to make sure he is paid back. Con-sidering the final outcome, Mr. Friendwould likely have been better off to haveoffered his own property as security to be-gin with, as Mr. Minor is a friend to Mr.Friend no more! Very good condition. $250 - up

A NICE EARLY DETAILED SLAVERELATED ESTATE DOCUMENT

* 228[SLAVERY]. Slave Manuscript. 1 page. 8”x 14”. 1808, no place. Superb document re-garding the estate of Robert Stevenson de-tailing the receipts credited to the estatelisting the slaves hired and sold throughthe trust. “Burley” was sold for $131.00.Six other named slaves, “Bob, Milly, Dick,Henry, Peter and Tom” were hired out.“Bristol” another slave mentioned was soldat auction for 100 pounds for the benefit ofthe Robert Stevenson trust fund. A largeand impressive document. Fine.

$200 - up

MANDATE OF PAYMENT FORSLAVE LABOR

* 229[SLAVERY]. Slave document. 1 page. 9 ¾”x 7 ¾”. Mandate of Payment document writ-ten in French and used by the Mayor of NewOrleans compensating slaves owners for theuse of their slaves for various work in NewOrleans . “Salaries for Negro’s employedfor work.….The Treasurer of the city willpay Mr. Avars the sum of nine piastres foreighteen days of work and travel for hisNegro……” Very fine. $225 – up

REPUBLIC OF TEXAS SLAVERYMANUSCRIPT

* 230[SLAVERY]. Slave Manuscript. 4 pp. 7 ¾”x 12 ½”. May 17, 1844, Texas. Four pagedocument regarding a Negro man attachedby the court to satisfy a debt of $475.00 inSan Augustine County, Republic of Texas.Nice detail concerning the judgementagainst the owner of the slave. In excellentcondition. A scarce Republic of Texas sla-very related document. $175 - up

AN UNUSUAL DOCUMENTGUARANTEEING COMPENSATIONFOR CONFEDERATE OFFICERS IN

THE EVENT OF THE LOSS OF THEIRSLAVES WHILE UNDER HIRE BY

THE GOVERNMENT* 231[SLAVERY]. Slave Document. 1 page. 8½” x 5”. 1864, no place. Document issuedto Confederate Officers who hired theirslaves to the CSA. “I am authorized by theHon. Secretary of War to extend the sameassurance and guarantees given within tothe owners of all slaves hired by any or allOfficers of this Department.”. In the event ofthe slaves death the officers were monetarilycompensated for their loss. This appears tobe a copy which was likely sent to a numberof Officers with additional paperwork. Veryfine. $225 - up

FREDERICK DOUGLAS SIGNEDDOCUMENT AS RECORDER OFDEEDS IN SOMERSET COUNTY,

MARYLAND* 232FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1817-1895).Abolitionist; Orator; Journalist.Douglass, the son of a white man and blackslave, escaped from slavery in 1838 andwent northward where he became a promi-nent journalist and speaker in the anti-sla-very movement both here and in England.Document Signed. 4 pages. Legal size. Oc-tober 3, 1885. Partly-printed indenturesigned on docket by Douglas as recorder ofdeeds for Somerset County, Maryland. Fine. $300 - up

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* 233[BUFFALO SOLDIERS] Fort Brown, TexasApril 30, 1874. 31 ½” x 20 ½”. A fine largemuster roll of Company I of the 24th infantry.A complete listing of the regiment displays45 black soldiers, most of whom have signedwith their mark. The black soldiers came bytheir name of Buffalo Soldiers given to themby the frontier Indians who compared theirhair to that of the Buffalo.

The thirty-ninth Congress on July 28, 1866passed an Act to adjust the military peace-time establishment of the United States mili-tary which provided for, after much debate,the inclusion of the first black contingentin the regular army consisting of six regi-ments. Of the original six regiments, The38th Infantry Regiment, Colonel William,Commander, and the 41st Infantry Regiment, Colonel Ranald S. MacKenzie, Commander,were organized in 1866 and combined toform the 24th Infantry Regiment in 1869 towhich this muster roll is related.

A great piece of Black military history. $500 – up

MUSTER ROLL OF COMPANY “B”* 234MUSTER ROLL. 1 page. 30” x 21”. 1864.The muster roll of Capt. Josiah Chance. Thismuster roll lists Officers and non-commis-sioned Officers of Company “B” the regi-ment their assignments an special remarks.Scarce. $250 – up

LOT # 235

A CHOICE TEMPERANCEDOCUMENT

* 235(TEMPERANCE). D. 2pp. 8 1/2" x 13 3/4". Syracuse. August 17th, 1870. A largeprinted document concerning the temper-ance movement: “More than thirty yearsago, a political party was organizedagainst American Slavery. The movementwas very generally condemned...Slaveryhad grown to be so great...that the voterscould not be rallied to put it to a peacefuldeath. It had to go out in blood. So, too,is our organizing to suppress dramsellingsaid to be too early. It is before the Repub-lican and Democratic parties are ready forit...we see that the drunkards of our nationhave increased to the frightful number of amillion...even the temperance societies areall, more or less, soundly asleep over thisswift-advancing destruction...Many pro-fessed temperance men who eschew ouranti-dramshop party and cling to theirdramshop party, propose to have Govern-ment leave it optional with each town orcounty, whether there shall or shall not bedramshops in it...We lament that the friendsof temperance cannot agree to limit theirpolitical war upon intoxicating drinks tothe retailing of them...We admit that bound-less evils have come from the manufactureand importation of alcohol...Dark as are ourskies, the little light that is in them, is suf-ficient to sustain our hopes...”. The docu-ment has one two inch tear through part ofthe text but it does not affect the legibility.An interesting document from the radicalarm of the temperance movement. $200 - up

SALE OF THE NEGRO MANNAMED TOM- AGREEMENT FOR

PURCHASE* 236August 21st, 1807, Greenbriar County, Vir-ginia, 8" x 13", John Stephenson agrees topay the sum of $300 in Virginia currencyfor the purchase of the Negro man namedTom, gives all the particulars for the termsof sale and method of payment, Signed inMay 1806, excellent early Virginia slavesale document, very fine. $200 - up

COURT ORDER TO SELL SLAVE* 237D.S. 1p 4t. Cherokee County, Alabama,March, 1845, to the County Constable, stat-ing , in part:”…You are hereby commanded… to expose to sale on negro woman… andmuch thereof sell as wills satisfy forty onedollars and fifty cents debt…. Some cleanfold splits, minor staining and erosion fromIron gall ink, very good. $150 - up

JAMES MADISON* 239JAMES MADISON (1751-1836). FourthPresident and “Father of the Constitution”.ADS. 1pp. 7 1/4" x 2 1/2". Washington. June3, 1813. A partly printed check signed“James Madison” as President. Drawn onthe “Office of Pay and Deposit of the Bankof Columbia”, the check paid “A.B. or bearertwenty dollars”. “A.B.” might refer to thedisgraced Aaron Burr. The check has somechipping in one margin, a few pinholes andthe usual cancellation marks that affect a fewletters of “James”. It is in very good condi-tion. $700 - up

VIRGINIA GOVERNOR JAMESMONROE SIGNS A LAND GRANT

* 240JAMES MONROE (1758-1831). FifthPresident. DS. 1pp. 14 1/2" x 12 1/4". Vir-ginia. December 1, 1801. A partly printeddocument signed by “Jas. Monroe” as Gov-ernor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Hegranted “George Moyer...eighty-four acres”in the County of Shenandoah. It is in finecondition overall. $400 - up

PRESIDENTIAL AUTOGRAPHS

JAMES MADISON SIGNS AS SECRETARY OF STATE* 238JAMES MADISON (1751-1836). Fourth President and “Father of the Consti-tution”. DS. 1pp. 8" x 7 1/2". Department of State. July 12th, 1805. a circular lettersigned “James Madison” as Secretary of State. The printed “Circular to theConsuls and Commercial Agents of the United States” regards the discontinu-ance of issuing certificates for foreign vessels purchased by citizens of the UnitedStates: “The multiplied abuses of the certificates which the Consuls of the UnitedStates were, by the instructions of the 1st August, 1801, authorized to give in thecase of foreign vessels, purchased by a citizen of the United States, not with-standing the precautions taken against them, have led to the conclusion, that adiscontinuance of the certificates altogether, is the only effectual remedy. Youwill therefore forbear to grant any certificate whatever relative to such purchases,except to those who may satisfy you that the purchase was made without know-ing this alteration in your instructions...”. Very Fine $1,000 - up