EAP 1540C Advanced Composition 1 Professor: J Thomson.

EAP 1540CAdvanced Composition 1

Professor: J Thomson

Meeting 4 – Welcome to Class

• Today’s objectives:

– Review Chapters 18, 19, and 20

– Take the quiz

– Review the syllabus and editing buddy groups

– Learn about faulty parallel structure

– Learn about verb tenses (present and past)

– Learn about past participles

EAP 1540 CWinter 2010

Meeting 4 – Warm up/Review

• Sign in for attendance. Turn in HW 3.

• Review for Quiz 3:– What is a subordinating conjunction? Give an example.– What is a fragment? Give an example.– What is a dependent clause? Give an example.– What is an independent clause? Give an example.– Join the following question and statement together. Use

appropriate embedded question structure. • I don’t know. When does the post office close?

– Correct the following run-on sentence.• Mika went to Greece she took a lot of pictures.


Meeting 4 – Quiz 3

• Complete the quiz. Don’t forget to put your name on the form.

• When you finish, turn it in to the instructor.

• Open your book and review chapter 21.

• Duration: 20 minutes


Meeting 4 – Review

• Review and update the syllabus

• Review editing buddy groups– Get into groups– What is the purpose of the group? What is each

group member’s role? Why is Prof. Skelton punishing us by making us talk to strangers?!


Meeting 4 – Group Activity

• Group activity: Rotating Writers!– Each member of the group draws a topic from the

envelope.– Using the topic you drew, write an introductory

sentence to a paragraph. Remember to use proper line spacing and paragraph formatting.

– After you have written the introductory sentence, move to the computer to your right and continue your group member’s paragraph.

– Continue in this pattern until you have written at least one sentence in each paragraph.

– You may have to write two sentences in order to complete the five-sentence paragraph!


Meeting 4 – Group Activity

• Group activity: Rotating Writers!– Open Microsoft Word.– Change the paragraph format to double-spaced

before starting.• Right click on the mouse.• Select “Paragraph” from the menu.• Find the box next to “Line Spacing”. • Click on the drop-down menu and select “Double”. • Click “OK” and begin your paragraph.

– Don’t forget your heading and title!


Meeting 4 – Writer’s Checklist

Did you remember to… put the heading at the top of the page (name,

course, assignment, date)? double space the paragraph? put the title above the paragraph and underline it? indent the first line (five spaces) of the paragraph

(and any subsequent paragraphs)? capitalize the beginning letter of sentences and

proper nouns? use correct punctuation and spelling? use correct grammar and vocabulary?


Meeting 4 – Chapter 21

• Topic: Faulty Parallel Structure

• Theme: Psychology

• Homework (HW 4): pg. 331 –The Writer’s Desk

– Write a short paragraph comparing your personality to that of a family member or friend. Describe how your personalities are similar and different.



• What is parallel structure?– Parallel structure occurs when pairs or groups of

items in a sentence are balanced. EX: Internet sites, magazines, and newspapers published the

results of the experiment. (The nouns are parallel.)EX: Psychologists observe and predict human behavior. (The

present tenses are parallel.) EX: The experiment was fascinating, groundbreaking, and

revolutionary. (The adjectives are parallel.) EX: To get to the psychology department, go across the

street, into the building and up the stairs. (The prepositional phrases are parallel.)



• Identify faulty parallel structure:– It is important to use parallel structure when using

a series of words or phrases.– Use parallel structure when words or phrases are

joined in a series.

Not parallel: I plan to study for tests, to attend all classes, and listening to the instructor.

Parallel: I plan to study for tests, to attend all classes, and to listen to the instructor. (The verbs are parallel.)




paired clauses.– Use parallel structure when independent clauses

are joined by and, but, or or.

Not parallel: She felt dizzy, and she also had a feeling of fear.

Parallel: She felt dizzy, and she also felt afraid. (The adjectives are parallel.)




comparisons.– Use parallel structure in comparisons containing

than or as.

Not parallel: His home was as messy as the way he kept his laboratory.

Parallel: His home was as messy as his laboratory. (The nouns are parallel.)




two-part constructions.– Use parallel structure for the following paired

items:• either…or; neither…nor; not…but; not only…but also;

both…and; rather…than

Not parallel: I would rather finish my experiment than leaving early.

Parallel: I would rather finish my experiment than leave early. (The verbs are parallel.)



• Let’s practice!

– Look at Practice 4 on page 336.

– Work with a partner.

– Correct nine errors in parallel construction.



• Let’s review!

1. What is parallel structure?

2. Why is parallel structure important?



• Topic: Present and Past Tenses

• Theme: Espionage

• Alternative homework (HW 4): pg. 340 –The Writer’s Desk

– Write a short paragraph describing the last spy or suspense movie that you have seen. Describe what happened in the movie.



• What is verb tense? – A verb shows an action or a state of being.– Flashback! What are the two types of main verbs?– A verb tense indicates when an action occurred.

Present time: She works alone.

Past time: The agent worked in Monaco last summer.

Future: She will work in the Middle East next year.



• Let’s check out the book!

– Open the book to Appendix 3 for a quick guide to verb tenses.

• But wait, there’s more!

– Use Appendices 4, 5, and 6 to help you review past material.

– Also, use appendix 7 to keep track of common spelling and grammatical errors. Use it to keep a log of new vocabulary terms as well!



• Identify the simple present tense:– There are two forms of the present tense in

English.– The simple present tense indicates that an action

is a general fact or habitual activity.

Fact: The Spy Museum contains many interesting artifacts of espionage.

HabitualActivity: The undercover agent meets her superiors

once a month.



• Identify the present progressive tense:– The present progressive tense indicates that an

action is in progress at this moment.

EX: Right now, the agent is talking to an informant on the telephone. She’s gathering important intelligence on her target.



• Compare the simple present and present progressive:

EX: The agent always uses her high-tech camera to take pictures of her targets. simple present

EX: Right now, the agent is taking pictures with her high-tech camera. present progressive



• Identify forms of the simple present:– The base form is the form of the verb without any

endings (e.g. –s, -ing, -ed).– It is used for the subjects I, you, we or they or the

equivalent forms.

EX: Nations rely on spies to gather secret information.

EX: Many agents speak several languages.



• Identify forms of the simple present:– The third-person singular form is used with the

subjects he, she, it, or the equivalent. – Add an –s or –es ending to the verb (depending on

the spelling rules).

EX: James Bond works as a spy.

EX: He goes to great lengths to find his target.



• Irregular present tense verbs:– Be and have

Present Tense of BeI am He is You are

She is We areIt is They are

Present Tense of HaveI have He has You have

She has We haveIt has They have



• Subject-verb agreement:– The subject and the verb must agree in number

and tense at all times. – If the subject is third-person singular present tense

(he, she, it), the corresponding verb must have the singular form, too. Remember that singular verbs have an –s or –es, plural verbs do not (they use the base form).

EX: (Correct three errors) Edward Rowen work for the Central Intelligence Agency.

Why do the agency investigate candidates? It don’t want to hire people with criminal records.



• Identify the simple past:– The simple past tense indicates that an action

occurred at a specific past time. – There are regular and irregular verbs in the past

tense. – Regular verbs end in –d or –ed (liked, walked).– Irregular verbs do not follow a regular pattern and

do not end in any specific letter (knew, saw, went).



• Identify the past progressive tense:– The past progressive tense indicates that an action

was in progress at a particular past moment.– It is often used with the simple past tense in

creating a complex sentence.

EX: While the detectives were watching the house, the suspect escaped.



• Identify regular past tense verbs:– Regular past tense verbs have a standard –d or –ed

ending. Use the same form for both singular and plural past tense verbs.

– Note about pronouncing the regular past tense.

• Spell regular past tense verbs correctly:– Review the spelling patterns on pg. 344



• Identify irregular past tense verbs:– Irregular past tense verbs change internally. – Because their spellings change from the present to

the past, these verbs can be challenging to remember.

• Let’s practice!– Complete part 1 from Practice 2 on pg. 344 and

Practice 3 on pg. 345.– Review your answers with a partner.



• Identify negative and question forms:– In the present and past tenses, you must add a

helping verb (or auxiliary verb) to question and negative sentence forms.

– Remember these helpful guides:• ASVO – Auxiliary Subject Verb Object: Use this to form

Yes/No questions in the present and past tense.• WhASVO – Wh- Auxiliary Subject Verb Object: Use this

to form WH questions in the present and past tense. • SAVO – Subject Auxiliary Verb Object: Use this guide to

form statements in the present and past tense. • Note: Some elements of these guides may be optional.



• Examples

A S V O?

Wh A S V O

?



• Examples

S A V O.

S A V O

.



• Note about negative and question forms:– Always use the base form of the main verb, even

when the subject is third-person singular.

EX: Why does the Spy Museum have so many spy gadgets?

• Note about contractions:– It is acceptable to contract negative verbs forms in

informal writing. – However, you should avoid using contractions in

your academic writing.



• Identify double negatives:– A double negative occurs when a negative word

such as no, nothing, nobody, or nowhere is combined with a negative adverb such as not, never, rarely, or seldom.

– Such sentences can be confusing because the negative words cancel each other.

EX: The agent didn’t know nothing about the robbery. (didn’t and nothing form a double negative)



• How to correct double negatives:– Completely remove one of the negative forms:

Incorrect: The agent doesn’t have no children. Correct: The agent doesn’t have children.

The agent has no children.

– Change no to any (anybody, anything, anywhere):Incorrect: The agent didn’t know nothing about the

crime. Correct: The agent didn’t know anything about the

crime.



• Let’s review!

– Give an example of a regular past tense verb.

– Give an example of an irregular past tense verb.

– What is a double negative?

– What are the three sentence guides we learned in class?



• Let’s review!

– Correct the errors in the following paragraph:

Last year, Max B. work as a spy, and he easily founded top-secret information. A large corporation hire Max as a temporary worker. He begun his job last August. When he were inside the company, he do an unethical thing. He use his computer to access the company’s database.



• Topic: Past Participles

• Theme: Espionage

• Alternative homework (HW 4): pg. 355 –The Writer’s Desk

– Reflect on how children were disciplined in the past and how they are disciplined today. Write a paragraph explaining how the disciplining of children has changed over the years.



• Identify past participles:– A past participle is a verb form, not a verb tense. – You cannot use a past participle as the only verb in

a sentence; instead, it must be used with a helping verb such as have, has, had, is, was, or were.

HV PPEX: Ian Fleming was raised in England.

HV PPEX: His novels have become very popular.




– Do Practice 1 on pg. 356.

– When you finish, do Practice 2 on pg. 357.

– Check your answers with a partner.



• Identify the present perfect tense: have/has + past participle– A past participle combines with have or has to

form the present perfect tense. You can use this tense in two different circumstances:• To show that an action began in the past and continues

to the present time. You will often use since or for with this tense. • To show that one or more completed actions occurred

at unspecific past times.• Review the examples on pg. 358.



• Compare the present perfect and the simple past tense using time markers:– Time markers are words that indicate when an

action occurred. They provide clues about which verb tense to use.

– Simple past tense – to refer to a completed incident that occurred at a specific past time, use the following time markers:• yesterday, ago, when I was…, last (week, month, year),

in the past…, in (year, month), during the 1980s



• Compare the present perfect and the simple past tense using time markers:– Present perfect tense – to refer to an action that

began in the past and is still continuing, use the following time markers:• since, for (a period of time up to now), ever, up to now,

so far, not…yet

– Present perfect tense – to refer to an action that occurred at unspecified past times, use the following past time markers:• once, lately, several times, three times, many, twice,

recently



• Identify the past perfect tense: had + past participle– The past perfect tense indicates that one or more

past actions happened before another past action. It is formed with had and the past participle.

– Notice the differences between the simple past, the present perfect, and the past perfect:

SP: Last night, I watched a documentary on the CIA. Pres Perf: I have read many articles about the agency.Past Perf: The government had suspected the agent for a

long time before he was arrested as a spy.




– Do Practice 3 on pg. 359.

– When you finish, do Practice 4 on pg. 360.




• Identify the passive voice: be + past participle– In sentences with the passive voice, the subject

receives the action and does not perform the action.

Active: The diplomat gave secret documents to an undercover agent. (The subject performs the action, so it’s active).

Passive: Secret documents were given to an undercover agent.

(The subject was affected by the action, so it’s passive).



• Let’s review and practice!

– Do the Final Review on pg. 366.



Meeting 4 – Homework

• Please do the following for homework:– Lab work– Homework 4 (HW 4)– Study for Quiz 4

• Remember that all homework is due at the beginning of each class.

• See you next week!


EAP 1540C Advanced Composition 1 Professor: J Thomson.

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