EAL in the mainstream curriculum
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EAL in the mainstream curriculum
Ritsa Potamitis
Paul Burgess
we are indebted to Dr Virginia P Rojas
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Introduction
our school…issues>>…
responsibilities… immersion vs submersion>>…what do we need
to do?
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Why didn’t we brainstorm our
responsibilities?
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“Lingualisms”
bilingualism
ambilingualism
additive bilingualism
subtractive bilingualism >>
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Additive bilingualism
respect for primary language
primary and other languages a resource not a hindrance to EAL, e.g. Greek <-> English
EAL not a threat to any primary language
except where there is severe ASD children can be fluent in up to 7 languages
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Can you understand something if you can’t say it?
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How good must their English be?
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How long does it take 90% of learners to achieve fluency?
5-7 yearssame developmental stages as primary language but times variable
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For how many years do we need to teach English?
7 years
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Genre/heteroglossia
• type I…survival words
• type II…tricky words
• type III…specialist vocabulary, e.g. pathetic fallacy
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opinion vs evidence
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How can English learners attain language proficiency and academic achievement simultaneously?
know our students
scaffolding
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Scaffolding strategies [A]
affirm identity…know your students… informal<->SIMS
annotation…sticky notes…don’t write all over the ****** book [pb]!
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Scaffolding strategies [B]
biography
blogging [or journaling]
brainstorming
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Scaffolding strategies [C]
Cloze vocab exercise [fill in the blanks every words]
compare and contrast
cooperative learning…wikis, blogs and the read-write web
cubing…describing-comparing-associating-analyzing-applying-arguing
cue cards
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Scaffolding strategies [D]
diversity awareness
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Scaffolding strategies [E]
etymological awareness…most of the type III English words are Greek, aren’t they?
extend language
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Scaffolding strategies [F]
find someone who
five-minute pause
four-square vocab chart
Frayer model
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Scaffolding strategies [G]
genre…
tier I…survival words, e.g. toilet
tier II…polysemous words, e.g. set, ring, bad, slip, run, drive
tier III…technical/specialist words, e.g. photosynthesis, calculus
graphic organisers
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Scaffolding strategies [H]
[smart] highlighting
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Scaffolding strategies [I]
immersion not submersion
input, intake, output…formative assessment
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Scaffolding strategies [J]
jigsaw
journaling or blogging
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Scaffolding strategies [K]
KWL…know-want to know-learned
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Scaffolding strategies [L]
linguistic buddy…be careful
learning log
list-classify-identify
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Scaffolding strategies [M]
mind map
modelling language
multiculturalism…diversity as an opportunity not a threat
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Scaffolding strategies [N]
numbered heads together
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Scaffolding strategies [O]
opinion diagram
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Scaffolding strategies [P]
parallel notes
practice, practice, practice
prefix mastery…including SI profixes
presentations
proximal development…difference between what a learner can do without help and with help
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Scaffolding strategies [Q]
QAR…question-answer-response
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Scaffolding strategies [R]
RAFT…role-audience-format-topics
register
rehearsing
rubrics
reverse word
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Scaffolding strategies [S]
semantic mapping
sentence cards
sentence scaffolds
simultaneous vs sequential
story card
summarising
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Scaffolding strategies [T]
T-chart
teach it…if you can teach you’ll recall 90%!
tic-tac-toe
tree diagram
think, pair, share
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Scaffolding strategies [U]
ummh, errr ;-)
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Scaffolding strategies [V]
Venn diagrams
visual association
vocab first…plan strategies to teach vocab at beginning of unit
vocab thru context
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Scaffolding strategies [W]
whizz learners
word bank
word walls
word sort
writing to develop understanding
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Scaffolding strategies [X]
ummh, errr ;-)
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Scaffolding strategies [Y]
ummh, errr ;-)
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Scaffolding strategies [Z]
ummh, errr ;-)
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Resources [in no particular order]booksinter- and intradepartmental
cooperative developmentInternetline managerEAA, ERP, SPBweekly “myths fibs and
strategies”further trainingyour willingness to help
learners