EAAP NEWS+EAAP EMBLEM

Livestock Production Science 38 (2000) 271–310www.elsevier.com/ locate / livprodsci

In this issue (page numbers)

Editorial Note: Genetically Modified Food (271)Genetically Modified Food: Report from OECD (272)

51st Annual Meeting of EAAP, The Hague, 2000 (274)Future EAAP Annual Meetings (275)

EAAP Notices (275)Forthcoming EAAP and Associated Scientific Meetings (275)

Rare Breeds International: Forthcoming 5th Global Conference (277)EAAP Contact Group for Central and Eastern Europe (278)

32nd ICAR Session and Associated Workshops (279)Buffalo News (281)

INTERBULL: Report on Annual Meeting (283)World Association for Animal Production (285)

Personal News (285)Awards (285)

In Memoriam (286)News from Member Countries (287)

European Union News (287)International News (289)

UN Convention on Biological Diversity: Biosafety Protocol (292)Book Reviews (294)

Training Courses (305)Forthcoming Scientific Conferences (306)

Editor: John Hodges, Lofererfeld 16, A-5730 Mittersill, Austria. Fax: 1 43-6562-54814; e-mail: [email protected]

August 2000 Number 38

EDITORIAL NOTE: GENETICALLY Scientific and Health Aspects of Genetically Modi-MODIFIED FOOD fied Food in Edinburgh. All interested parties and

positions were represented from many parts of theThe two most recent issues of EAAP News carried world and from all sectors of society having an

Editorials on Genetically Modified Food (December interest in the subject. EAAP was represented byˆLPS 62, 1999, 51-60; and April LPS 63, 2000, Professor A. Aumaıtre, Member of EAAP Council.

159-164) which aroused considerable interest among The Chairman was the Professor of Zoology in thereaders. OECD held a three-day Conference on the University of Oxford, Professor Sir John Krebs. The

0301-6226/00/$ – see front matter 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.PI I : S0301-6226( 00 )00215-3

272 J. Hodges / Livestock Production Science 38 (2000) 271 –310

Report of the Conference is extensive. However, the as well as the assessment of their safety, should beChairman wrote his own Summary which provides a more inclusive and open than has typically been thethoughtful and balanced view of this controversial case in the past. People want to know how decisionsmatter. He gives a positive and creative approach have been reached and to be consulted. This processwhich recognizes that there are legitimate arguments will help to remove suspicion.on both sides of the debate which need to be 11. Having said this, there was no clear conclusionaddressed with light rather than heat. The Chairman on how attitudes and beliefs that might becomepoints up the need for more precise clarification and apparent as a result of consultation should be in-evaluation of GM Foods from the view-point of the corporated into the assessment and communicationsafety of human health and the care of the environ- of GM food safety. For many, safety assessmentment. Further he recognizes that decisions on the use remains an essentially technical and scientific pro-of GM Foods must not be taken by one sector of cess.community in isolation. The process of bringing all 12. Consumers should be allowed to choose.the stakeholders into the evaluation and decision- Labelling of GM foods is important, although theremaking process, he says, needs new and public was no agreement on how far this should extend (e.g.mechanisms. to GM derivatives? To animals fed on GM?). It is

The Chairman’s Summary is therefore reproduced important also to note that the labelling applies to thehere for the benefit of readers of Livestock Pro- process by which organisms are created and not theduction Science. food product, which in many cases is identical to its

conventional counterpart.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD The assessment of GM food safety13. The assessment of the safety of any novel

OECD Conference on Scientific and Health As- food, including GM food, involves a variety of kindspects of Genetically Modified Foods held in Edin- of evidence. One commonly used tool is the conceptburgh, 28 February to 1 March 2000. Summary of ‘‘substantial equivalence’’. The essence of thisby the Chairman of the OECD Conference, idea is that a comparison between the novel food andProfessor Sir John Krebs, Professor of Zoology, one already in the diet provides the basis for askingOxford University and Chairman Designate of the questions about the safety of the novel product.future UK Food Standards Agency. Substantial equivalence is not a quantitative criterion

or a hurdle, but a framework for thinking. It isThe full report of the Conference is available at continually modified and updated, but it is timely

the Conference website. http: / /www.oecd.org /sub- now, after six years of using the tool, to undertake aject /biotech /Chairmanreporteng.pdf more detailed review.

14. On two more technical issues, (a) there is noFOOD SAFETY clear agreement about the importance of animal

8. World-wide, many people are eating GM foods feeding trials (other than toxicity trials) in assessing(especially in North America and China) with no the safety of novel foods, including GM foods; (b)adverse affects on human health having been re- The methods for testing toxicity and allergenicity ofported in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. GM foods need re-examination.

9. There could, in theory, be long-term effects on 15. Existing international bodies are working tohuman health that have not yet been detected be- achieve consistent standards and criteria for thecause GM foods have been available for less than ten assessment of food safety, and this is to be ap-years. plauded. The precautionary principle is now begin-

ning to be discussed internationally in relation toDecision-making, assessment and choice food safety, but it has not yet been translated into an

10. In the future, policy decisions about GM food, agreed operational form.

J. Hodges / Livestock Production Science 38 (2000) 271 –310 273

GM technology in developing and developed have been many field trials and, in some parts of thecountries world, large-scale commercial planting of GM crops,

16. The majority of speakers from developing there has been insufficient work to fully assesscountries stressed the crucial importance of GM environmental impacts, especially in the biodiver-technology as part of the armoury for feeding their sity-rich tropics.population in the future. In China, with 20% of theworld’s population and 7% of the land surface, GM THE WAY FORWARDis already playing a major role in food production, 22. The most significant aspect of the Edinburghand its importance was also emphasized by speakers Conference was that it included all sides of thefrom Africa and Latin America. However, the view debate surrounding GM foods and neverthelesswas also expressed that the future application of GM identified certain areas of agreement. It also suc-technology in developing countries should be more ceeded in identifying issues in which there is dis-explicitly tuned to the needs of local people rather agreement or uncertainty due to lack of knowledge,than of multinational corporations. and in separating out issues which are subject to

17. In light of this last comment, GM technology scientific analysis and those which are related tofor the developing world should be carried forward political factors, beliefs and values. Further detail isthrough a mixture of public and private funding. available in the rapporteurs’ report.

18. Whilst it is essential that standards of safety 23. The conference represents a new start in theassessment should be consistent and high throughout global debate about GM food and agriculture: a morethe world, the strongly expressed demand for GM inclusive approach in which the protagonists dis-technology in developing countries casts substantial cussed some of the key issues with each other. Theredoubt on proposals for a world-wide moratorium was support for continuation of this process to dealmade by some participants. with other parts of the debate.

19. The first generation of GM crops and foods are 24. I therefore recommend that an internationalperceived as having brought little direct benefit to forum be set up to continue the process started inconsumers in developed countries, but this may well Edinburgh. The aim of such a forum would be tochange as new products appear with direct quality, provide governments with a state of the art assess-

ment of scientific knowledge about GM technology,health or price benefits. and to set this assessment in the context of broader

concerns of society.Concerns about GM other than food safety 25. A model for such a global assessment is the

20. The principal concerns of the opponents of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).GM related less to food safety than to the broader This Panel allows governments to draw on world-question of why GM food is being produced at all. wide expertise in climate science. It informs but doesMost developing country speakers argued forcefully not make policy and it acknowledges the minoritythat GM technology is an essential part of their scientific views as well as the current majority view.future food production (see paragraph 16), but this It also updates its reports at intervals.was rejected by some NGO speakers from Europe 26. The forum I propose would have similarities toand North America. They argued, instead, for solv- the IPCC, but it would include not only scientists buting world food shortage by redistribution, better also other stakeholders.prevention of loss during storage and so on. They 27. The following suggestions indicate how thealso pointed out, as did some developing country forum might be developed: (a) It should build on andparticipants, that citizen engagement in decision- interact with, rather than duplicate or replace, themaking and discussion (see paragraph 10) should be work of existing international groups such as Codeximproved in developing countries. Alimentarius. (b) It should be global in scope and

21. A second concern about GM agriculture was not restricted to G8 countries or a subset thereof. Inthe potential environmental impact. Although there particular, a key message of the Edinburgh confer-


ence was the role of developing countries where plementation to others, because I want to sketch outapplication of the technology is proceeding rapidly. the vision rather than the detailed mechanisms.(c) It should be led by the world’s best scientificexperts, but include a wider range of expertise and Professor Sir John Krebs,opinion than scientists. (d) Two initial themes for the Oxford University, UK.forum would be food safety and environmentalsafety of GM in agriculture and food production. (e)There would be two kinds of outputs: (a) scientific 51st ANNUAL MEETING OF EAAP, THEassessments in the form of reports that inform policy; HAGUE, 2000(b) an inclusive and global debate about the relation-ship between GM technology and society. It will be Shortly after publication of this Newsletter, theessential that governments take ownership of the 51st EAAP Annual Meeting will convene from 21-24forum and its reports. (f) The reports should be August in The Hague, The Netherlands with theproduced in a timely way so as to facilitate the special theme ‘‘Interaction between Research andassessment of rapidly emerging technologies. Innovation’’. The meeting is the 2000 Joint Celebra-

tion Millennium Meeting of EAAP/ASAS/ADSAAnyone wishing to register for the whole or for

SUMMARY individual days may do so at the conference venue:28. In summary, this proposed forum could serve The Netherlands Congress Centre located between

two important functions by enabling a global debate the historic city centre of The Hague and the seasideand assessment of GM technology in food and resport of Scheveningen; or at Bernie Brilman PCOagriculture. BV, Huygensstraat 1, 2271 BV Voorburg, The

29. First, it will allow the best scientific analysis Netherlands. Tel: 1 31-70-387-0070, Fax: 1 31-70-of the risks and benefits of the new technology, as it 386-3372. email: [email protected], to be carried out in order to providegovernments world-wide with appropriate expert Scientific Programmeadvice. This advice will acknowledge the range of The Scientific Schedule may be found in EAAPscientific opinion and uncertainties, as well as in- News No.35, LPS 61 (August 1999), page 82 withdicating the current majority opinion. an update on individual Study Commission ses-

30. Second, it could create a better understanding sions on pages 70-73 of EAAP News No. 36, LPSof the relationship between technological develop- 62 (December 1999). Other details of the meetingments, policy, and the concerns and aspirations of may be found in EAAP News No. 36, LPS 62 incitizens. This would be achieved by widening the December 1999 on pages 67-68. Several Satelliteforum beyond purely scientific analysis, to include Symposia are associated with the EAAP Meetingthe broader issues that I have referred to in relation details of which are given in the Calendar ofto the Edinburgh conference. Scientific Meetings at the end of this Newsletter.

31. There is more than one way of achieving thesetwin objectives. One approach would be to have an Special Themeexpert panel, led by scientists but including other Two plenary talks will be on given on Monday 21stakeholders, to carry out the scientific assessments. August following the Opening Session at 08.30Draft reports of this expert panel could be used as hours. The talks will be on the theme ‘‘Interactionthe basis for discussion by a broader forum, along between Science and Innovation’’. The speakers are:the lines of the Edinburgh meeting, in which the Prof. Dr. G. van Dijk, Director of the NCR Nationalnon-science issues are brought into the debate. The Co-operative Council for Agriculture and Horticul-expert panel might choose to revise its report in light ture, The Netherlands on the topic of ‘‘Governanceof this broader discussion. of innovation in animal production: New roles for

32. I have deliberately left the details of im- science, business and the public sector’’. The US


Speaker is Dr. Bobby D. Moser of Ohio State ingen University and Research Centre positions itUniversity on the topic: ‘‘Scientific information close to a major source of animal research andtransfer as a source for new products to society’’. Dr. science, as well as the world-wide scientific network.Moser replaces Dr. H.D.Cleberg who is unable to Founded in Wageningen in 1949, Wageningen Persattend. has been an independent organization since its

inception.The Wageningen Pers motto is ‘‘Giving people the

freedom to develop by themselves’’. By offering thisFUTURE EAAP ANNUAL MEETINGSScholarship Wageningen Pers wishes to contribute tothe development of young scientists. Wageningen2001. The 52nd EAAP Annual Meeting will be heldPers wants to move into the 21st century by en-in Budapest, Hungary from 26 to 29 August 2001.couraging the active involvement of clients in itsThe new format of the EAAP Annual Meeting willactivities. The Wageningen Pers Scholarship is onebe introduced for the first time. The Study Commis-of the steps towards this goal.sion Programme is given in EAAP News No. 36,

page 60 in LPS 62 (December 1999).

FORTHCOMING EAAP AND ASSOCIATED2002. The 53rd EAAP Annual Meeting will be heldSCIENTIFIC MEETINGSin Cairo, Egypt. This is the first time that the EAAP

Annual Meeting will be held outside Europe. The15th Symposium on Energy Metabolism in Ani-meeting will be in the second half of Septembermals, 10-16 September 2000, Denmark2002.

The 15th Symposium will be held 10-16 Sep-tember 2000. Full details may be found in EAAP

EAAP NOTICES News No.37, LPS 63 (2000) page 169 Registration:Dr. K. Jakobsen, E-mail: [email protected]

New EAAP Working Groups or Fax: 1 45 89 99 11 66.In 1999 the EAAP set up two new Council

Working Groups: The Working Group on Alternative European and local livestock breeds: Fair 2000 atProductions is co-ordinated by Professor J-L. Tis- Rambouillet, France. 23 September to 3 Octoberserand (France); and The Working Group on 2000.Aquaculture is co-ordinated by Dr. W. Enright (Ire- During the Festival of Rambouillet, France aland). The EAAP Council have now set up a further Symposium will be held on 27 September 2000Working Group: Ethics and Welfare in Livestock organized on Biodiversity of Local Breeds. Infor-Production, co-ordinated by Dr. Francois Madec ˆmation: Mme. S. Lechevestrier, Pole animal, Etablis-(France), which will meet for the first time at the sement Public National de Rambouillet, Centre d’E-EAAP Annual Meeting in The Hague in August nseignement Zootechnique, La Bergerie Nationale,

ˆParc du Chateau, 78120 Rambouillet, France. Tel:2000.1 33-01-34-83-08-00. Fax: 1 33-01-34-83-07-54.

Wageningen Pers Scholarship EAAP Mediterranean Symposium: Prospects forEAAP is pleased to announce that the first a Sustainable Dairy Sector in the Mediterranean.

‘‘Wageningen Pers Scholarship’’ will be awarded at 26-29 October 2000the 51st EAAP Annual Meeting in The Hague in This Symposium, sponsored by EAAP and otherAugust 2000. organizations, will be held at Hammamet, Tunisia

Wageningen Pers is a specialist publisher in the from 26-29 October 2000. The species to be includedfield of scientific publications on animal production are: cows, buffalo, small ruminants, camelids. Theand veterinary sceinces. Its location within Wagen- farming systems of the Mediterranean are historically


established and vary from country to country. The 4th African Conference on Animal Productionoptions for intensification using introduced methods and the 11th Conference of the Egyptian Societyfrom more northern parts of Europe need careful of Animal Production 6 to 9 November 2000evaluation. Milk consumption is increasing in the The 4th African Conference of Animal ProductionMediterranean and co-operation between countries is will be held jointly with the 11th Conference of thevital from the point of view of producers, consumers, Egyptian Society of Animal Production (ESAP)governments, trade, economics, environment, and from 6 to 9 November 2000 in Alexandria, one ofrural development. All these issues will be consid- the most beautiful cities on the southern coast of theered at the Symposium. The Symposium is organized Mediterranean.

ˆby l’Office de l’Elevage et des Paturages (OEP) in The theme of the Scientific programme is ‘‘Op-collaboration with l’Institut National Agronomique timizing the Utilization of African Animal Product-de Tunisie (INAT), EAAP, CIHEAM and FAO. ion Resources’’. The programme includes recent

Participants are welcome from areas outside the trends in scientific, technical and economic aspectsMediterranean so that maximum input can be gained of three main topics:as the countries of the Mediterranean Basin sharetheir wealth of experience, learn to co-operate in new • Evaluation of Animal Production Resourcesways and carefully consider the options for change.. • Utilization of Resources

The programme covers: • Livestock Environment Interaction

• Milk–a food, a raw material and a means ofThe post-conference tours and the accompanyingeconomic development, World and Mediterranean

persons’ programme will include famous placesscale, history and development, markets;around Alexandria and elsewhere in Egypt. Infor-• Milk marketing channels and production systems,mation at the ESAP Web-site, esap.org.eg or fromfarming systems, processing, integration and casethe organizing committee at: Prof. A. H. Barkawi,studies;Egyptian Society of Animal Production, Department• Alternatives for improving the sustainability ofof Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairosystems, environment, animal welfare, intensiveUniversity, Giza 12614, Egypt. Tel /Fax: 002-02-systems, dual purpose, semi-extensive for small

ruminants and others;5683188.• Future perspectives: consumption, life-style,

health, competition and new products, internation-International Society for Animal Ethology (ISAE)al market, regulations, unique Mediterranean milk

The 34th International Congress of the ISAE willproducts;´be held from 17 to 20 October 2000 in Florianopolis,• Round Table and Discussion on all aspects and

Brazil on the topics ‘‘Promoting animal welfare inespecially on co-operation in the Mediterraneanhusbandry systems’’ and ‘‘Domestication and etholo-sector for sustainable milk development.

´gy of wild animals’’. Florianopolis is the state capital• Field visits will take place on Saturday 28 Oc-of Santa Catarina located on latitude 27 parallel intober 2000.the sub-tropics with a pleasant climate. The Congresswill take place at the Federal University of SantaRegistration fees for participants (accompanying

˜Catarina and at the Costao do Santinho Resort.persons) before 4 June 2000 are US$210 (US$90)Session topics include: Domestication and ethologyand after 4 June 2000 are US$230 (US$110).of managed wild animals; Promoting animal welfareInformation, Programme, Forms and Registration:in husbandry systems; Free papers including be-Symposium Secretariat, c /o Mr. Mustapha Guellouz,havioural studies on farm, companion, zoo andˆOffice de l’Elevage et des Paturages, 30 Rue Alainlaboratory animals.Savary, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Tel: 1 216-1-793-603/

After Congress Tours will embrace scientific782-960. Fax: 1 216-1-790-795/787-813. Email:tourism. Original registration fees, which will [email protected] or maybe: [email protected]


crease by 25% after 31 July, were US$140 for Main Topicsmembers, US$200 for non-members; US$50 forstudents and US$20 for accompanying persons. • In situ conservation, including National ReportsRegistration forms can be downloaded from the

and Inventories, Regional Reports, Case studies;Website or requested by mail. A variety of hotel • FAO Global Strategyprices is available. • Biotechnology for Animal Conservation, includ-

Information: ISAE2000 c/o Luiz Carlos Pinheiroing ex situ conservation

Machado F. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, • New technologies as tools for animal conserva-CCA-Departmento de Zootecnia & Desenvolvimento

tion´Rural, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis / • Genetic Characterization, including: Genetic Dis-

SC/Brazil 88-034-001. Tel: 1 55-48-331-5356.tances and Molecular Markers, Breed Identifica-

Fax: 1 55-48-331-5350/331-5400. Email:tion, Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters.

[email protected] Website: www.cca.ufsc.br / • Utilization of Animal Genetic Resources, includ-ISAE2000. Or information from: Dr. Eberhard von

ing: Breeding Plans, The Role of Native BreedsBorell, Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry,

on Sustainable Agriculture Systems.Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Adam- • Education and Promotion of Animal GeneticKuckhoff-Str. 35, D-06108 Halle Germany. Tele-

Resources, including: Farm Parks, Eco-Tourism.phone: 1 49-345-5522331/2. Fax: 1 49-345-

Teaching and Social Awareness.5527106. email: [email protected]

RBI Website: http: / /www.rbi.it

RARE BREEDS INTERNATIONAL: Registration Fees (US$)5TH GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON Participants (Accompanying Persons and Par-CONSERVATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMAL ticipating Students):GENETIC RESOURCES Before 15 September $350 ($125)

After 15 September $400 ($150)20-24 November 2000 Transportation from and to Brasilia International

The Fifth RBI Global Conference will be held in Airport per person: One way US$15; return US$20.Brasilia, Brazil from 20-24 November 2000. TheTheme of the Conference is Conservation and Papers:Biotechnology: a Balanced Approach for the New Short papers: Two pages extended abstract: Dead-Millennium. The Conference is sponsored by Rare line: 31 July 2000Breeds International (RBI) and by the local orga- Invited papers: Eight pages full paper; Deadline:nizers, EMBRAPA/CENARGEN, Brazil. 31 August 2000

Papers will be accepted only in English, but mayProgramme be orally presented in English, Spanish or Por-

tuguese. Simultaneous translation will be provided.Papers will only be accepted for publication on• Monday 20 November: Arrival and Registration;

payment of Conference fees.Opening Ceremony and Welcome.• Tuesday 21 and Wednesday 22 morning: Techni-

Conference Venue:cal Sessions.´EMBRAPA Headquarters, Brasılia, DF, Brazil.• Wednesday afternoon: Mid Conference Tour to

the National Research Centre for Genetic Re-sources and Biotechnology-CENARGEN Pre Conference Tours:

• Thursday 23 and Friday 24: Technical Sessions Delegates may choose to visit Marajo Island (in• Annual Meeting of Rare Breeds International and the Amazon region) or the Pantanal (a flooded area

Closing Ceremony. with lots of wild species), located in the border of


Bolivia. In both places, EMBRAPA maintains con- EAAP CONTACT GROUP ON CENTRAL ANDservation nuclei of domestic animals. EASTERN EUROPE

Post Conference Tour: The 7th Session of the EAAP Contact Group onFor participants interested in herds of Zebu (Bos Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC)

indicus) cattle, a visit to Uberaba, the city where the was held in Bled, Slovenia on 14 May 2000. Thestrong Brazilian Zebu Breeders Association (ABCZ) discussion centred first upon the 1999 experiences,is located (500 km East of Brasilia) can be arranged. the ongoing programme and plans for 2001. The

˜From Uberaba, participants can go straight to Sao future plans of the Group are built on positivePaulo, the biggest Brazilian city, that is a hub for experience from activities in 1999, such as: themost of the intercontinental flights. Workshop on extension services for livestock pro-

duction (Tallinn, Estonia, November 1999), whereAbout the Host Organization, CENARGEN all participants actively contributed in discussions

Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and outlining recommendations and proposals for the(CENARGEN) is one of 39 units of the Brazilian future work; and the Workshop on foreign invest-Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and ment in the animal production sector in CEECis located in the federal capital Brasilia. Inaugurated (Berlin, Germany, January 2000), which focused onin 1974, following FAO guidelines, it aims to a well defined topic of specific interest to a group ofsafeguard genetic resources for the sustained de- countries. The important Workshop on protein prob-velopment of agriculture and livestock breeding, lems (Rennes, France, June 2000) contributed towith a view to ensuring a secure food supply for the better understanding of the situation in the CEECpeople. Since 1986, CENARGEN has included in its and to indicate options for actions at national andactivities, research in biological control and bio- international levels.technology applied to the characterisation, evalua- The Group noted the positive trend of topicstion, conservation and transformation of genetic relevant to the CEEC in the EAAP Study Commis-resources for agro-industry and forestry. sions and the EAAP Working Groups. During the

CENARGEN has an advanced infrastructure and a 51st EAAP Annual Meeting (The Hague, Nether-team of 120 scientists and has been recognized lands, August 2000) the Curricula Group plans tointernationally as a Centre of Reference for training discuss the introduction of a credit system commonpersonnel in genetic resources biotechnology and to academic institutions in CEE countries as well asbiological control. problems related to post-graduate studies. Several

topics of particular interest for CEE countries haveAbout Brasilia been placed on the agenda of the 52nd Annual

Brasilia, the new capital of the Federal Republic Meeting (Budapest, Hungary, August 2001), namely:of Brazil, was inaugurated in 1960 and acts as a structural changes in the animal production sector inmagnet for the development of the interior of the CEEC, quality of animal products, ensiled feeds andcountry. Its urban plan and the boldness of its main alternative horse production. These topics will bepublic building have made it internationally re- discussed at joint and separate sessions of the Studynowned and it has been declared a cultural heritage Commission and other Working Groups of thesite for humanity by UNESCO. It is the only modern Council. The Contact Group for CEEC will be a partcity in the world included among these heritage sites. of the two joint sessions with the Cattle and the

Management and Health Commissions.Information & Registration: The meeting was closely supportive of the FAO/

Dr. Arthur Mariante da Silva, National Centre for ICAR/EAAP Workshop on the role of the breeders’Genetic Resources, EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, Sain associations and animal identification and recordingParque Rural, PO Box 02372, BR 70849-970, in CEEC (see report below). It is satisfying to noteBrasilia, Brazil. Tel: 1 55-61-340-3507. Fax: 1 55- the involvement of several members of the Group in61-340-3624. Email: [email protected] that Workshop as those in Tallinn, Berlin and


Rennes. Further and more even distribution of the one on recording for improved breeding and manage-workload and responsibilities is encouraged. ment of the buffalo; and the second on the role of the

It was reported that EU PHARE will finance a state and breeders associations in animal identifica-co-operative project on strengthening producers’ and tion and recording in CEE countries.breeders’ associations in eight CEE countries. Breed- Papers on guidelines and standards, managing aers associations from three EU countries (Austria, recording business and marketing and promotion ofGermany and Italy) will participate in the project. animal recording together with keynote presentationsThe Group commended the EAAP Secretariat for the highlighted new technical achievements and researchway in which the experiences and output of the results as well as solutions and options in changingCEEC Group and the Task Force were transformed world.in an action-oriented project. The Group asked the Scientific contributions aimed at improving andEAAP Secretariat to put a short note on the EAAP updating ICAR standards and guidelines and fo-Web Site giving the history of EAAP involvement in cused, in general, on two fields: first, on methods tosupport of restructuring the animal production sector improve the quality of existing recording practicesin CEE countries together with current activities of and facilitate the use of records for breeding andthe Task Force /Contact Group. management purposes; and second new technologies

for enlarging animal recording to cover more speciesDr. Milan Zjalic, and more economically important traits. In this

Croatia. respect, of particular interest were presentationsregarding beef recording, as well as recording ofsheep, goats and buffalo milk. The need for the

nd32 ICAR SESSION & ASSOCIATED development of technologies, guidelines and stan-WORKSHOPS dards for animal recording in the lower input pro-

duction systems was recognized in order to applyThe 32nd ICAR Session held in Bled, Slovenia, recording beyond the circumstances of developed

14-19 May 2000 was an exceptional event in the countries. New production methods such as auto-history of the international co-operation in animal matic milking systems, genetic evaluation for addi-performance recording: 450 participants from 59 tional traits and increased requirements for highcountries; the first ICAR session after its registration quality products represent new challenges and possi-as an international non-governmental organisation; bilities for development of animal recording. Techni-the first session held in Central-Eastern Europe; cal innovations such as new methods of animalapproval of the ICAR Strategy Plan; strong orienta- identification suitable also to trace animal productstion towards quality and new fields of recording; from pasture to consumers, new methods of milkorganisation of two workshops covering specific analysis for management purposes, including preg-problems of interest for groups of specific countries; nancy tests, and possible developments of records inclear signals from developing countries on the need new fields such as indicators of the status of thefor new recording methodologies and techniques for farming operations will certainly result in furtherlower input animal production systems. The picture research work and improvements in order to putcould not be complete without mentioning the excel- them in practice.lent meeting facilities, the warm hospitality and the All member organisations are confronted with theefficiency of the local organizers. changes in the economic environment in which their

The session was structured in an opening cere- clients’ operate: reductions in subsidies for animalmony with six keynote presentations, a plenary and products, globalization of markets, pressures tothree parallel technical sessions with some 40 techni- reduce costs of production including costs of record-cal papers and meetings of the three Sub-Commit- ing. The exchange of experiences in managing atees, the Task Force and thirteen Working Groups; recording business and in marketing and promotionthen the business meeting in the form of the ICAR of recording illustrated ways and means of how toGeneral Assembly and two international workshops: provide adequate services to clients by enlarging the


scope of recording and by offering to farmers including the Union of Country Women of Slovenia,additional information for farm management pur- both in the official and supporting activities con-poses; how to develop strategies for adaptation and a tributed to the success of the Session.more economic use of existing software, and how to Proceedings of the Session will be published byuse the on-farm software and integrate on farm data Wageningen Pers as EAAP Publication No. 98.bases into centralized systems.

The plenary technical session approved reports of Milan Zjalic,Sub-Committees, Task Force and Working Groups. Croatia.The general trend towards the quality of the wholeprocess of animal recording and enlargement of the FAO/ICAR/EAAP Workshop: Role of Breeders’scope of recording was reflected in the development Associations and the State in Animal Identifica-of five Working Groups: Quality Assurance; Con- tion and Recording. Bled, Slovenia, 15 May 2000formation Recording; Sheep Meat, Fibres and Fertili- The growing importance of animal identificationty Recording; Animal Recording Data; and Func- and recording in Central and Eastern Europeantional Traits. Their respective programmes of work Countries (CEEC) as well as the increasing role ofin the preparation of recommendations and guide- Breeders’ Associations in providing services to itslines were met with strong support and approval. members provided the rationale for convening this

The major item on the agenda of the General special Workshop on the occasion of the 32nd ICARAssembly was the adoption of the ICAR Strategy Session. There were 120 participants from 28 coun-Plan which defined ICAR’s mission, new organisa- tries from almost all continents due mainly to twotional structure and an updated system of member- reasons: first, animal identification has become es-ship fees. The provision of benefits to its member sential in all countries participating or intending toorganisations through providing information and participate in international trade in animals andservices, guidelines and standards and being a body animal products and second, animal recording inthough which member organisation can work to- lower-input production systems and in small herdsgether to achieve shared objectives was declared as appears to be equally important as a farm manage-ICAR’s mission. New structure-integration of ICAR ment and extension tool and as a base for breedingand INTERBULL membership and the possibility for work. These points apply both in CEEC and in aboth recording and evaluation organisations to be- number of non-European countries.come members of ICAR was reflected in the new Six invited and twelve country papers dealt with:membership fee structure. The Assembly approved national situations and perspectives, the ICAR mis-minor changes in the Statutes, accounts for 1998 and sion and its importance for the CEEC, FAO pro-1999, and budgets for 2000, 2001 and 2002. Messrs. grammes in support of the restructuring of the animalJean Claude Mocquot (France) and Julian Bryan production sector in the CEEC sub-region, the(UK) were elected members of the ICAR Board to current state of the milk production in CEEC andreplace Messrs. Douglas Batchelor (UK) and Brian EU, constraints and perspectives of breeders’ as-Wickham (Ireland) both former Vice-Presidents of sociations in CEEC regarding animal identificationICAR, who terminated their eight year term in the and recording, and new developments in identifica-Board. Messrs. Andrea Rosati (Italy) and Mark tion techniques. In addition, an EU funded project onJeffries (New Zealand) are the new Vice-Presidents. restructuring of breeders’ associations in CEE coun-

The Session had also rich cultural and artistic tries was presented.components: a show of local traditional costumes Participants agreed that the variety of country-and folk culture, concerts of classical and folk music, specific situations imposes the need to implementexhibition of the Slovenian traditional breeds of general principles of identification, and in particularlivestock, visits to natural and cultural monuments. recording, taking into account local traditions andThe presence of the Slovenian Minister of Agricul- circumstances. In this respect, it was noted that inture at the opening ceremony and the active partici- some CEE countries well organized and functionalpation of representatives of farmers’ associations, breeders’ associations carry out the recording busi-


ness, often enjoying the financial support from the recording systems for the management of buffalostate. However, in majority of countries, particularly genetic resources;in those with the great number of small farms, the • Promote the use of records to assess the merit ofstate operates animal identification and recording animals, to improve farm management systemsdirectly or through state owned institutions. The third and to increase profitability of farming.group of countries, where the farm support servicesstill have to be established, require concerted interna- The main outputs of the workshop are Proceedingstional support of governmental and non-governmen- and Recommendations for international standardizedtal organisations, such as ICAR, FAO, EAAP, to find guidelines of buffalo performance recording.adequate solutions in assigning financial and opera- The workshop was attended by 30 participantstional responsibilities to the state and private institu- from 17 countries. Eleven of these countries (Azer-tions in this field. baijan, Albania, Armenia, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq,

Noting that the productivity and the technical level Nepal, Pakistan, Sudan, Thailand and Vietnam) hadin EU candidate countries lag significantly behind never attended any ICAR meeting in the past. Thethe situation in the European Union, the workshop participants from Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece, India,underlined the need for technical modernization, up- Italy, and Turkey that are already ICAR memberdating of structures of the animal production sector countries were specialists in buffalo development.and an increase in the quality of animal products. FAO supported financially all participation expensesICAR was invited to support development of the of the people from developing countries. The work-animal identification and recording in CEE countries shop was run in four session:both within its regular activities and special actionsaimed at developing recording and evaluation tech- • Presentation of the seven existing country casesnologies for medium and small-scale operations. of buffalo milk recording systems.These new technologies must be reliable, simple, • Discussion on ‘‘Justification and components of acheap and appealing to farmers as the final functional milk recording scheme’’beneficiaries. The later task is also in the interest of • Discussion on ‘‘Initiation and implementation of aICAR members and potential members in other parts sustainable recording scheme’’of the world. The Proceedings of the Workshop will • Discussion on ‘‘Necessary components for abe published as ICAR Technical Series 4. buffalo improvement programme’’.

Milan Zjalic, The seven ongoing cases of on-field milk recordingCroatia. for buffalo are effective. The major features resulted

as follows:

• The purpose of milk recording involves bothBUFFALO NEWS

improved farm management and selection deci-sions in four cases (Bulgaria, Italy, Egypt and

Report on the Joint FAO-ICAR Buffalo Work-Iran). Selection of breeding animals at national or

shop, Bled, Slovenia, 16-17 May 2000regional level is the only purpose of milk record-

The Joint Buffalo Workshop had the followinging in three cases (India, Pakistan and Nepal).

objectives: • Milk recording and selection activity is performedand controlled directly by the government through

• Promote buffalo recording in the developing its own established structures and staff in threecountries and make possible the comparisons of cases (Pakistan, Iran, Nepal); it is performedanimal productivity across countries; through the co-operative efforts of several institu-

• Encourage international collaboration by net- tions, including farmers co-operatives, in threeworks for the development of buffalo production; cases (Italy, India and Egypt); it was performed

• Increase awareness of the value of appropriate directly by the government, but it is now moving


to the responsibility of farmers’ association in recording unit (instead of the herd). This allowsBulgaria. farmers to compare with each other and helps them

to make better husbandry, management and cullingFrom the discussion, the following conclusions were decisions.outlined: Animal recording is a prerequisite for any Provision of incentives to smallholders: free con-serious effort to develop livestock production at centrates, vaccines, semen doses, is also a good

means to promote recording activity(a) farm level(b) industry level 2. At national level(c) national level Policy makers should be made aware that no

improvements in genetic, production or health can beData collected through the recording activities can be pursued in any country or region without milkused for: recording activity. The government should provide

the financial support for the implementation and(a) extension services (feeding requirements, re- maintenance of recording systems, at least initially.productive patterns, pathologies) at farm and Financial support for the initiation of the recordingindustry level activity might be also requested from International(b) estimation of breeding values, selection of Agencies and through International Developmentbulls and bull mothers at farm level and national Programmes. Farmers should be asked to pay for thelevel recording and selection services only after they have(c) once entered in a national database, these data been made aware of the benefits to them. In anyare good tools for understanding the production case, direct payment by farmers is a hard expecta-systems and can contribute to making national tion. The optimal solution is proposed by India,strategies for buffalo. where the farmers that participate in the recording

activity sell all their milk to a co-operative of milkFive major recommendations coming out from the producers for which the costs of the recording and

Buffalo Workshop are listed: selection activity are retained from the milk sold.

1. At farmer level: 3. Recording systemsFarmers need to be made aware of the benefits Simplified, low frequency recording systems are

deriving from recording activities (meetings and essential to reduce costs; research trials can bediscussions with the farmers can be organized by the proposed and verified.government, co-operatives, research institutions).Farmers may be made aware that through the regular 4. Artificial inseminationvisit of the milk recorders, farmers can receive AI is fundamental to guarantee the distribution totechnical advice and extension services in manage- the farmers of the semen of bulls that must bement, feeding, reproduction and health. Farmers evaluated and to distribute the genetic merit ofshould be made aware also that no effective culling proven bulls; the organization must therefore estab-or selection decision can be done without milk lish a clear working programme with the AI Centre.recording.

Because the great majority of buffalo farmers 5. Nucleus herdsaround the world have one to three buffaloes, they When any of the above means are not or cannot beoften consider recording of management information provided in the short term, a milk recording andon their animals to be worthless since they already breeding programme might be organized withinknow everything. In this case, competitiveness be- nucleus herds where all stages of the genetic im-tween farmers can be stimulated by providing them provement strategy can be more easily performed. Inthe ranking list of milk productivity of each buffalo this case, Research Institutions can be good promot-of the village (taking into account the village as the ers of the breeding programme because they can


offer scientific / technical expertise at all levels. It is periences of their applications are shared. This yearrecommended, however, that Research Institutions there were 150 participants and a record number ofhelp to inform policy makers of the importance to presentations.the national economy of promoting and maintainingan effective genetic improvement scheme.

Open MeetingThe first session, chaired by Brian van Doormaal

Dr. Bianca Moioli,of Canada, dealt with advances in methods for

Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia, via Salaria,international evaluations. Papers covered mainly

31, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy.research related to improvement of currently appliedmethods and also research on the ‘‘next generation’’

Buffalo Newsletterof international evaluations, e.g. the use of individual

The Buffalo Newsletter of the FAO Inter-Regionallactation records for international genetic evaluation.

Co-operative Research Network on Buffalo forThe second session dealt with developments in

Europe and Near East is published several times anational genetic evaluations, chaired by Rex Powell

year by the Network Co-ordination Centre. Theof the USA. An important feature of Interbull

Editor is Professor Antonio Borghese and the Assis-meetings has been the short turn-around time, and

tant Editor is Dr. Bianca Moioli. The Newslettertherefore they have served as a useful platform to

carries reports on buffalo from member countries ofprovide information on recent changes in national

the Network. Examples of recent articles include:evaluation methods. Such topics were included in

Progeny testing Nili-Ravi buffaloes; Effect of somethis session, and several contributions covered the

climatic factors on Iraqi buffalo performance; Fattyapplication of test day models in various countries.

acids, minerals and vitamins of water buffalo milk inThe third session, chaired by Jarmo Juga of

Argentina; Buffalo milk marketing in small diaryFinland, dealt with conformation and other func-

holders in central Punjab, Pakistan; Buffalo feedingtional traits, reflecting the increased international

in Turkey; Bizarom Buffalo Farm in Israel; El-Tahirinterest in traits other than production. Most pre-

Buffalo Farm in Egypt; Buffalo research around thesentations covered fundamental research and national

world; Thermo-regulation in buffalo; Rice strawgenetic evaluations of functional traits, e.g. calving

feeding; Coagulating properties of buffalo milkease and stillbirth. Studies on international genetic

produced in farms of Latium, Italy etc.evaluations for Jersey conformation traits, somatic

A report on the Joint FAO-ICAR Buffalo Work-cell counts and clinical mastitis were also presented.

shop held in Bled, Slovenia, on 16-17 May 2000The latter two traits look most promising for future

may be found immediately above. The Newsletter isinclusion into the Interbull evaluations and will be

available to interested readers from: Buffalo News-included in the forthcoming Interbull Technical

letter, Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia, viaWorkshop in Verden, Germany.

Salaria, 31, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy.The proceedings of the Open Meeting will, as

usual, be published in an Interbull Bulletin; somepapers are also available through the Interbull home

INTERBULLpage on http: / /www.interbull.org.

thAnnual meeting held in Bled, Solvenia, May 14Business Meetingth– 16 , 2000

The Interbull business meeting focused on:The 2000 Interbull meetings were held in associa-

tion with the ICAR meeting in Bled, Slovenia inMay 2000. In keeping with tradition an annual • Activities since last meeting, and financesinternational seminar was held with a choice of • Strategic plan for ICAR/Interbullthemes closely linked to the development of genetic • Nomination of new Interbull chairman and steer-evaluations of cattle in member countries. At Inter- ing committee membersbull meetings both new scientific findings and ex- • Future meetings


Georgios Banos reported on the activities at the 2. That the Interbull Steering Committee be dele-Interbull Centre. Since the previous meeting in gated by the ICAR Board to be responsible forSwitzerland international genetic evaluation services the business and technical aspects of the Interbullhave expanded to include 26 countries, of which Services. To safeguard the flow of pertinentHungary, Poland, and South Africa are the newest information it was made clear by the President ofadditions to the routine evaluations of production. ICAR (Dr. Joseph Crettenand) that the InterbullOne full year of Holstein conformation evaluation steering committee chairman would always behas been performed under the contract between invited to attend the ICAR executive board meet-Interbull and a North-American consortium. The ings, and the President of ICAR is always invitedarrangement seems to work well and 13 countries are to participate in Interbull steering committeenow part of the routine conformation evaluation. meetings. The two recommendations in the report

The considerably increased capacity for research were endorsed unanimously by the business meet-at the Interbull Centre, both in-house and in collabo- ing and the report was thus brought to the ICARration with other research groups, was evident in the general assembly for approval.report. Several areas were covered, but the work onnew weighting factors and international evaluation New members of the Interbull Steering Commit-for udder health deserves special attention since the tee, since the previous business meeting, were Jarmoresults of the former will be applied during 2000 and Juga of Finland and Reinhard Reents of Germany,

¨results of the latter will be one of the topics at the replacing Lars Gjol Christensen and Gottfried Aver-upcoming Interbull Technical Workshop. dunk, respectively. Jean-Claude Mocquot has also

The expanded activities were reflected in increased been proposed to replace Brian Wickham as chair-services, R&D work, number of publications, and man of Interbull after the Slovenia meeting. Theintensified work for communication via Internet. Our significant and fundamental contributions to thepublications, summary of each evaluations, and the development of international genetic evaluations bynew InterbulIetin, the newsletter of Interbull can Drs. Wickham and Averdunk were gratefully ack-now easily be found at the home page (http: / nowledged./www.interbull.org), which also gives directions to The next Interbull meeting will be a Technical

nd rdInterbull members and national genetic evaluation Workshop in Verden, Germany, October 22 to 23 ,centres collaborating with Interbull. 2000, focusing on questions pertinent to international

Jan Philipsson, the Secretary of Interbull, reported evaluations and developments in Interbull services.on the Interbull Centre finances and budgets, the One major topic for the workshop will be results ofmost significant changes for year 2000 and 2001 the Interbull survey of national evaluation methodsbeing income and expenses due to Holstein con- for production traits and new Interbull recommenda-formation evaluation and the change from Swiss tions. The necessity for such recommendationsFrancs to Euro. Jan Philipsson also reviewed the became evident by a summary of the survey bystaffing at the Centre, where the possibility of Hossein Jorjani, Interbull Centre, showing the largeGeorgios Banos leaving the Centre was the most variation that exists in national procedures. Theprominent point. The activity and financial reports results of the survey have been published in Interbullwere approved with satisfaction. Bulletin No. 24 (also available on the Interbull home

Brian Wickham, Chairman of the Interbull Steer- page). The other major topic for the workshop ining Committee since 1987, led the meeting through a Verden will be the possibility of adding new traits todiscussion of recommendations arising from the the Interbull evaluations. Focus will mainly be onwork by ICAR on a joint strategic plan for ICAR and experiences of international evaluation for udderInterbull. The report contained two recommenda- health (somatic cell counts and clinical mastitis) andtions: Jersey conformation traits, since these have been

subject to substantial international research and pilot1. That Interbull membership becomes an integral international evaluations.

part of the administration of ICAR membership; The Interbull meetings in Bled were very well


organized and conducted in a very good spirit. Societies of Animal Science, the Korean NutritionThanks are due to Drago Kompan, Franc Habe, and Society and the Korean Society of Nutrition andMarija Klopcic, who arranged the Interbull meetings Feed. He is the author of many scientific papers andaccording to the highest expectations and with good books and has been active in editing and publishingopportunities for informal discussions among the scientific journals. He holds distinguished awardsparticipants in a cordial atmosphere. from Korea and several other countries.

The next Interbull meeting will be in Budapest, An international symposium on Recent AdvancesHungary on 30 and 31 August 2001 in connection in Animal Nutrition in honour of Professor In K.with the EAAP Annual Meeting. Han was held at Seoul National University from 20

to 22 April 2000 (see pages XXX) with participantsUlf Emanuelson, Uppsala, Sweden. from 27 countries.

The Retirement Ceremony was held on 20 April2000 in the Seoul Intercontinental Hotel and more

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL than 300 people congratulated Professor Han andPRODUCTION (WAAP) wished him and his wife a long and happy retire-

ment.The Executive Board of the WAAP held a meetingon 19 April 2000 which was attended by ProfessorA. van der Zijjp (President), Professor In K. Han AWARDSPast-President), Dr. L. S. Bull, Dr. D. Yano, Dr. F.G. Gomez, Dr. J. Lopez, Professor J Boyazoglu Honorary Doctorate for Professor Jean Boyazoglu(Secretary-General) and Professor Jong K. Ha. The The Executive Vice-President of EAAP and Sec-meeting was held in Seoul, Korea one day before the retary-General of WAAP and ICAR, Professor JeanInternational Symposium on Recent Advances in Boyazoglu, was awarded an Honorary Doctorate byAnimal Nutrition in honour of Professor In K. Han. his alma mater, the University of Pretoria, South

Africa. The degree was awarded at the UniversityGraduation Ceremony on 8 December 1999 and was

PERSONAL NEWS the only D. Sc. (Honoris Causa) in 1999. TheUniversity of Pretoria is the largest University in

Professor In K. Han Africa with 70,000 students full and part-time.Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Professor Boyazoglu took his basic training in theProfessor In K. Han recently retired from the Faculty of Agriculture and in the Department of

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul Genetics and combined Animal Husbandry withNational University, Suweon, Korea where he has Genetics at graduate level. He worked in the thenbeen Professor of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sci- Department of Agricultural Technical Services andence. Professor Han served for 40 years in teaching, subsequently his path led far away from Pretoria,research and administrative responsibilities. Interna- although he kept open communication in the sci-tionally Professor Han is well known being currently entific world.Past-President of the World Association for AnimalProduction (WAAP) having served as President from Citation1993 to 1998. He has also been President of the Jan Georges Boyazoglu is an internationally prom-Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Product- inent agricultural scientist and administrator. Hision (AAAP). career has been exemplified by his contributions to

Professor Han has also been involved in many the discipline of animal breeding and genetics. He islocal and national scientific organizations concerned a leader in agricultural development and administra-with research, agricultural policy, the environment, tion. In recognition of his contributions and achieve-the agricultural feed industry and international ments over 37 years he has received numerouscooperation. He has been President of the Korean national and international awards.


Born of a prominent Greek family in Alexandria, breeding and genetics. Most of his projects haveEgypt on 29 November 1937, Jan Boyazoglu com- been in the Mediterranean region and he has been apleted his secondary schooling at the Averoff leader in the optimal use of poor natural resources inGymnasium of Alexandria and then emigrated to marginal regions. Professor Boyazoglu has the abili-South Africa in 1956. Intending to register at the ty to translate science into public programmesUniversity of Pretoria he made a special effort to though administrative opportunities.become fluent in Afrikaans. He graduated in 1960 Professor Boyazoglu is the author of 260 scientificwith a BSc (Agric) in genetics. In 1962 he obtained and popular papers. He is Editor-in-Chief of thean MSc (Agric) and in 1965 a DSc for a thesis European journal, Livestock Production Science andentitled ‘‘A contribution to the genetic study of the the Editor of the FAO/UNEP Animal Genetic Re-dairy sheep populations of Southern France’’. He sources Information. He was instrumental in estab-obtained South African citizenship and married a lishing the journal Small Ruminant Research to serveTukkie, Martie Badenhorst before leaving for France the small livestock sector as the official journal ofon a scholarship to further his studies at the INRA the International Goat Association. Jean Boyazogluwhere he obtained a postgraduate state diploma in established many useful contacts for South Africaquantitative biology and animal genetics in 1963. In through his international contacts and friendships.1973 he graduated with a Diploma in International Jean Boyazoglu has many interests beyond animalCommerce and Administration at the French Institute science. He is an authority on the wines sector anddu Commerce International. In 1979 he presented his was prominent in drafting and implementing theprofessional habilitation at the Aristotle University of legislation for the appellation of South AfricanThessalonika in Greece with a thesis on ‘‘Population wines. He is currently Chairman of the Scientificdynamics of the Sardinian sheep breed and their Advisory Committee for Appellations of Origin,crossbreeding with the East Friesian In Italy’’. Geographic Denomination and Special Agricultural

Jan Boyazoglu’s career extends from science to Products of the European Union.. He is also anadministration. He joined the Department of Agricul- expert on ceramic art and has published 43 articlestural Technical Services in 1960 as a researcher and and books and participated in the preparation ofin 1965 was appointed as South Africa’s first Ag- catalogues for exhibitions of rural art, pottery andricultural Counsellor in Paris. ceramics.

In 1986 he took up a position as the Secretary- His most prestigious honour was the FrenchGeneral of the EAAP in Rome. Jan Boyazoglu has National Order of Merit in the discipline Agriculture:an impressive association with the international Class Commandeur, 1998. This is the highest Civilscientific and academic fraternity. He was President Order of the French Government for outstandingof the Scientific Advisory Council of the Internation- contributions to agriculture, medicine, physics,al Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic chemistry and engineering. He has honours fromStudies from 1992 to 1996 and an alternate member seven other countries, including Man of the Yearof the Scientific Advisory Board of the National (1975) in South Africa and the Gold Medal from theAgricultural Research Organisation of Greece. He is South African Society of Animal Science.a member of ten scientific societies, including the In conferring this degree the University honours aFrench Academy of Agriculture. remarkable man and alumnus.

He has been the inspiration of many studentshaving lectured at universities throughout the world.He has been an Honorary Professor at the University IN MEMORIAMof Stellenbosch since 1980 and is Professor at theAristotle University of Thessaloniki. He has taught at Asher Ben-Zvi–Israelthe universities of La Tusca, Athens, Milan, Teheran We report with regret the death of Asher Ben-Zviand Lisbon and at the Polytechnicum of Lille and at in Israel in March 2000. Asher Ben-Zvi was aCIHEAM. leading Israeli livestock production scientist who

His scientific contributions have been in animal served for many years as Secretary-General of the


Israeli Cattle Breeders Association, a key organiza- meeting from 6 to 8 June 2001 at Tekirdag, Turkey.tion in the development of the national cattle breed- The meeting will be organized by the Department ofing, artificial insemination, milk production and milk Animal Science of Trakya University, Turkey. Tekir-recording programmes. dag is located on the Marmara sea coast of Turkey

He led the organization with distinction and, 130 km west of Istanbul, 150 km east of the Greektogether with co-workers including the late Dr. border and 170 km from the Bulgarian border and

¨Reuben Bar-Anan, saw the Israeli Friesian out-per- can be reached by Ataturk Airport in Istanbul.form most other strains and rank near equal in The aim is to explore the possibilities of multi-genetic merit with the North American Holstein in lateral co-operation in animal science among thethe FAO International Holstein Strain Trial in Poland Balkan countries. Items to be discussed include thein the 1970s. While Reuben was often in the public following as affecting the Balkan countries: animalscene, Asher was there behind the scenes making production efficiency; animal production research;sure that the organization was thorough and efficient. possibilities for symposia on animal production;

It was under his leadership that Israel applied for reports on current research programmes in animalmembership of ICAR, then known as the Internation- science.al Committee for Recording the Productivity of Milk The meeting will hold scientific sessions andAnimals. This entailed an inspection of the Israeli Abstracts are invited for presentation at the meeting,system from field and laboratory to computer and use preferably in English. These must be submitted by 1of the records for both breeding and management. January 2001. Notice of acceptance and call for theICAR sent its two Vice-Presidents in 1969, Dr. Otto full papers will be 1 March 2001.Hartman (Austria) and myself (UK) to carry out this The Organizing Committee is chaired by Professorinspection. Asher Ben-Zvi proved his ability in Dr. Sabahattin Ogun, Head of Department of Animalorganization and his knowledge by arranging all the Science at Tekirdag University. The Registration Feedetails of the inspection in the two main types of is US$50 for Delegates and Accompanying Personsdairy farms in Israel which have very different and US$40 for students. Registration should bemanagement systems, kibbutzim and moshavim. before 15 March 2001.Israel was granted the Milk Recording Official Professor Dr. S. Metin Yener who is the TurkishStamp and joined ICAR. Co-ordinator for EAAP for Turkey has invited the

Asher Ben Zvi was a popular participant at ICAR participation of EAAP.and EAAP meetings over many years, always asking Information: Meeting Secretariat, Trakya Uni-the direct and important questions and contributing versity, Department of Animal Science, 59100 Tekir-to their solution. dag, Turkey. Tel /Fax: 1 90-282-2931-479. Email:

He died suddenly and peacefully aged 78 on his animal [email protected] Hazorea where had also made a significantcontribution over many years as a servant leader. Hewas still actively involved in daily tasks with the EUROPEAN UNION NEWScattle. EAAP and ICAR extend our sympathies to hiswife, Rita and son Amram at their sudden loss. The new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

A review of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob DiseaseJohn Hodges is given in a recent publication by the Office

´International des Epizooties (OIE) entitled ‘‘Anupdate on zoonoses’’. Revue Scientifique et Tech-

NEWS FROM MEMBER COUNTRIESnique, Volume 19 (1), April 2000. ISBN 92-9044-

First Joint Meeting of University Departments of 512-2. The review paper is entitled The new variantAnimal Sciences of the Balkan Countries, 6-8 of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease by M. Zeidler, Depart-June 2001 ment of Clinical Neurology, and J.W. Ironside,

The University Departments of Animal Science of National United Kingdom Creutzfeldt-Jakob Diseasethe Balkan countries will meet together for their first Surveillance Unit-both at the Western General Hospi-


tal, Crewe Road Edinburgh, UK. Their summary of Regulation (EC) 50/2000 specifies additional label-their paper on page 98 of the publication is re- ling requirements for food and food ingredientsproduced here with acknowledgement to the OIE and containing genetically modified additives andthe authors. flavourings..OJ L 6, 2000.

New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD) isa novel human transmissible spongiform en- EU Organic Farmingcephalopathy which was first identified in 1996 in Following the reform of the Common Agriculturalthe United Kingdom (UK). Subsequent scientific Policy (CAP) in 1992 and the implementation of thestudies have revealed that the strain of the trans- agri-environment regulation, support programmes formissible agent responsible for nvCJD is identical to the agricultural environment now cover some 20% ofthat of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) EU farmland at a cost of 4% to the CAP budget.agent, and the disease has been considered as Organic farming has been growing in importance,‘‘human BSE’’. accounting today for 1% of holdings and 2% of

By 31 December 1999, 52 cases of nvCJD had agricultural area in use, which means that organicbeen reported (49 cases in the UK, two cases in holdings are above average size. In general, livestockFrance and one case in the Republic of Ireland). All farming followed by fruit and vegetable growingthese cases were under 53 years of age and all those attract organic farmers more than arable farming.tested were methionine homozygotes at codon 129 of From EU publication: Agriculture environment,the prion protein gene. The number of cases of rural development-Facts and figures-a challenge fornvCJD likely to occur in the future is impossible to agriculture.estimate because of multiple uncertainties, in par- The agricultural situation in the EU in 1998ticular the disease incubation period, the degree of This EU report indicates that in 1998 the agricul-exposure to the infective agent and the susceptibility tural market grew in some sectors such as cerealsof other genetic subtypes. Continued surveillance of due to good weather conditions and higher yields.both BSE and CJD is required in the UK and in other Production in other sectors, such as wine and milkcountries to ensure that the scale of this potential remained stable. Internal demand also remainedepidemic is adequately monitored and that all pos- unchanged. International trade was disrupted by ansible steps are taken to prevent further human international financial crisis leading to a decrease inexposure to the BSE agent. world demand for agricultural products, particularly

in south-east Asia and Russia. 40% of the EU’s beefEU Compulsory Labelling System for Beef and pig meat was exported to Russia so that the cut

Regulation (EC) No. 2772/1999 set up a compul- back in exports to this country had particularlysory labelling system for beef to operate in two adverse effects on the markets in beef and pig meat.stages: first consumers are to be given information The fall in income in the pig sector was dramatic. Inreadily available at the point of slaughter; then, as of 1998 the Commission’s reform package for Agenda1 January 2003, the beef label will have to include 2000 paved the way for a competitive agriculturaladditional information on where the animal was born sector based upon environmentally-friendly product-and reared. Given the time required for adopting the ion methods. From: the Agricultural Situation in theregulation, the existing Regulation (EC) No. 820/97 EU, 1998: Cat: CM-19-98-811-EN-C.on voluntary labelling (which Member States may Detection of Genetically Modified Organismsmake obligatory for domestic production) is pro- (GMO)longed until 1 January 2001. OJ L 334, 1999. Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms is

nowadays an important quality criteria for agricultur-EU Genetically Modified Foodstuffs al products. With biotechnology development in the

Regulation (EC) No 49/2000 enhances legal agricultural field and with controversy and pressurecertainty for operators, consumers and mass caterers coming from consumer groups against transgenicby introducing a de minimis threshold value of 1% food, GMO detection is inescapable.for genetically modified ingredients (soya, maize). During a recent meeting of the International


Standards Organisation (ISO), resolution No. 263 SAVE Foundation Updatewas taken on the determination of genetically modi-fied organisms (GMO). SAVE (Safeguard for Agricultural Varieties in

The French member body will prepare for circula- Europe)tion a questionnaire to identify the requirement of SAVE is an umbrella organization for Conserva-individual member bodies and also to determine if tion in Europe. The following extract is taken fromthey consider this topic should be adopted for the the Newsletter SaveNews published four times a yearISO /TC34/SC work programme. and provides background and latest information on

The French member body has therefore asked the SAVE Organization in an article entitled: Euro-members of the ISO whether this new subject of

pean reflections.GMO detection and quantification should be insti-gated in the next work programme.

European Network of Rescue StationsRecently the SAVE project office completed the

pilot study on the project ‘‘European Network ofINTERNATIONAL NEWSRescue Stations’’. Many partner organizations fromdifferent countries helped with this preparatoryInternational Symposium on Recent Advances instudy. The purpose of the project is to establish anAnimal Nutrition in Honour of Professor In K.inventory and evaluate establishments which areHan on his retirement 20-22 April 2000, Seoul,appropriate for the short and medium term caring ofKoreabreeding groups of endangered domestic animals.An international symposium in honour of Profes-One aim should be the creation of an infrastructuresor In K. Han (see page XXX) who recently retiredfor urgent short term actions to save last herds offrom Seoul National University was held 20 to 22endangered breeds across national borders. This mustApril at Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.be planned within a more general concept still to be299 delegates from 17 countries participated. Twoelaborated. This pilot study was financed by thekey-note speeches were delivered by Professor A vanAvina Foundation and aimed to analyse differentder Zijjp (President of WAAP) on Role of Globaltypes of institutions and their potential as rescueAnimal Agriculture in the 21st Century and bystations. The report is written in German languageProfessor J. Boyazoglu (Secretary-General, WAAP)only.on Interaction of Breeding and Nutrition for Efficient

The following points were evaluated:Animal Production. 33 main papers and 21 abstracts /posters were presented. Symposium topics included:Ruminant Nutrition, Swine Nutrition, Poultry Nutri-

• Which establishment in each country is concernedtion, & Feed Processing Technology.with saving domestic breeds?A closing reception by the organizing committee

• In which category can they be classified?chairmen, Prof. In K. Paik and Prof. Jong K. Ha was• How appropriate are they as rescue stationsattended by 150 symposium participants. Also a

(advantages and disadvantages)?one-day city tour was provided to all foreign par-• How can they be integrated into a strategyticipants.

(experience of each country)?The papers and abstracts /posters have been pub-lished as a special issue of the Asian-AustralasianJournal of Animal Sciences (AJAS). Limited copies As expected, there were big differences betweenof the symposium proceedings are available for sale groups of countries depending on their cultural andat AJAS publishing office. Fax: 1 82-2-502-0758; economical background. It is important to note thate-mail: [email protected] rescue stations may have to be differentiated between

reception and transit stations for urgent situationsProfessor Jong Ha, (‘‘rescue stations’’ strictly speaking) and breeding

Seoul National University, Korea. stations for long term conservation.


Foundation. Project Office, SAVE, Schneebergstr.Forthcoming SAVE event: Rare Breeds Show in17, CH-9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland. Tel. 0041-71/Belgium222 74. email: [email protected] Or fromOn 20 August 2000 the Belgian Rare BreedsSAVE PR-Office, Box 701, A-6852 Dornbirn, Au-Association VBZH (Vereniging voor het Behoud van

th stria.Zeldzame Huisdierrassen) will organize its 5 RareBreeds Show. All old breeds of Belgian farm and

Symposium on Developmental Strategies for thehusbandry animals will be present at the show:Sheep and Goat Dairy Sectors. Nicosia, Cyprus.Belgian draught horses, Flanders cattle, Belgian13 and 14 April 2000white-blue mixte, old Belgian breeds of sheep and

More than 100 participants from 18 Mediterraneangoats, typical Belgian breeds of dogs, rabbits, poul-countries, the Middle East, North and Eastern Europetry, ducks, turkeys, . . . Some foreign rare breeds,and New Zealand reflected and exchanged views onsuch as Shire horses, belted cattle, . . . . will be onthe future of the sheep and goat dairy sectors. Thisexhibition as well. During the afternoon of Augustsymposium was organized by the International Dairy19 and 20, VBZH will arrange for rams of old breedsFederation (IDF/FIL) in association with CIRVALof Belgian sheep to be admitted to the flockbook.(Centre International de Ressources et de Valorisa-Both events take place in Balegem-Oosterzele

` `tion de l’ Information dans les Filieres Laitieres des(Pontslag) near Ghent, Belgium. Information: FaxPetits Ruminants), European Dairy Association32-16-44.31.67, e-mail: [email protected](EDA), FAO, EAAP, Cyprus Milk Industry Organi-zation (CMIO) and the Cypriot Ministry of Agricul-Annual meeting of SAVE Foundation, Thes-ture. The CMIO honoured this meeting with excep-saloniki, Greece. 28-30 September 2000tional support. The aim was to confront ideas andThe annual meeting of the SAVE Foundation willpeople from the sheep and dairy sectors fromtake place this year on 28-30 September in Thes-industry, research, professional and public organiza-saloniki, Northern Greece. This year’s meeting istions and from international organizations. Particip-particularly important since all the members of theants came from Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece,SAVE bodies will be elected (end of three yearIsrael, Italy, Jordan, Netherlands, New Zealand,mandate). New vacancies must be filled on the BoardNorway, Portugal, Spain and Syria.of Directors as well as in the Commissions. Partner

The symposium had four round-tables with theorganisations will also be able to have their wordfollowing themes:over these matters. The dates have been fixed so that

the participants will be able to visit the Zootechnia• commercial strategyFair taking place in Thessaloniki. According to the• raw material, production systems, milk qualityorganizers, this Fair will have two special exhibitions

and payment systemthis year: one on indigenous Greek farm animal• processing and merchandising legislationbreeds and the other on dog breeds. A day excursion• technology and innovationto the Kerkini Lake with a visit to the buffalo herds

in the wetland area is also planned. Furthermore, aAlthough there were some difficulties in com-visit to the University farm with a nucleus herd of

munication due to many languages plus some modes-Skyros Ponies on the mainland (see our specialty in presenting perspectives from many differentreport in the SAVE report of Spring 2000), a visit toinstitutions and geographical locations, the sympos-the Greek plant genetic material bank, as well as aium proved to be a positive forum and brought thepresentation of different projects from SAVE Greeksheep and goat sectors into such public debate –partners organisation ‘‘Workshop for Ecologicalperhaps for the first time.Practice’’ on the topic of protection of Mediterranean

Despite the inevitable presentation of some routinecultivated plant varieties will be organized. e-mail:ideas, nevertheless common ground was identified,[email protected] surmounting differences and alternative posi-Further information on SAVE is available from:tions. The number and variety of participants givesHans-Peter Grunenfelder Vice-Chairman Save


the conclusions a legitimacy to define concrete preoccupied with themes like raw milk or ‘‘farmactions. milk’’ which is not acceptable in many countries.

Research has identified some precise nutritionalMilk Products and dietetic characteristics specific to sheep and goat

The four round tables achieved consensus on a milk (anti-oxidant effects, fatty and amino acidsnumber of topics. A top priority is recognition of the content etc.). These results must communicatedunique nature of the sheep and goat cheese sector seriously and efficiently.which is the main source of income from milk.Sheep and goat cheese can benefit from a clear Traditional systemscommercial promotion of precise products of known In numerous Mediterranean regions, innovativequality in the market. growth in a field which remains very traditional with

Due to the lack of organization in the context of a strong cultural dimension is a recurrent problem.the PAC and Codex Alimentarius, sheep and goat Traditional methods are threatened because the ‘‘hy-milk characteristics cannot be taken in account nor gienist model’’ is often imposed rather heavily. Thisthe sector’s interest defended. The customer needs to goes against the clear changes in consumer life stylesbe informed about goat or sheep milk products, their with an increase in eating out. This tendency amongnature, characteristics and composition by clear and consumers could be advantageous. Typical tradition-precise product labelling and marketing. Currently al cheeses, nicely processed and packaged to satisfythe positive image of these cheeses is often usurped this change in consumer demand can be presented asby cheeses containing variable and non-specified pre-cut, ready to eat dishes, salads etc. The consumerproportions of cows milk, which has a negative will probably also be prepared to pay higher priceseffect upon consumer recognition of their quality. appropriate to the added value of these milk prod-This problem particularly concerns those products ucts. Animation, information and taste education canthat are described as ‘‘goat / sheep’’ even with a low be used to encourage a clientele of connoisseurs tocontent (about 15 to 20%) of milk from those appreciate the diversity and organoleptic qualities ofspecies. The composition of ‘‘specialities’’ of goat or traditional cheeses.sheep milk, milk serum, or their constituents, also The symposium discussed technological innova-deserves a closer look. tions including:

Cheeses • Use of local milk enzymes and characterization ofThe variety of cheese heritages constitutes another their effects for producing typical products;

strength. Recognition of this heritage in the setting of • Conditions for the use of ultrafiltration tech-an AOP/IGP classification should obviously be niques;encouraged, while probably avoiding the AOP con- • Biologic milk development perspectives;taining milk mixtures from several species or by • Sheep and goat milk plotting techniques (concen-negotiating more rigorous specifications, in particular trated milk, frozen curd, UHT milk, powder etc.)defined by the geographical origin of milk without to create new products and replace productionadditions or additives. seasonality.

The identity of traditional home and farm process-ing must also be recognized by changes in the laws Organizationtaking in account the health and hygienic level Research has an important role as it has to addressdifferences from the industrial sector. The advan- lack of knowledge in this traditional field which istages include no mixing of milk from large flocks, different from more industrialized processes. Theeasier supervision in a production line, better product weak links between professionals has a retardingidentification and sorting etc. Farm production could effect upon development in the sheep and goat dairybe the answer to consumer demand by avoiding the sector. The advanced structure found in France is ancommercially negative measures which rarely add exception and cannot serve as a model since itvalue. Generally the commercial dairy sector is emerged because of favourable conditions seldom


found elsewhere. Nevertheless ‘‘organisation innova- associated with the active organizations (CIHEAM,tion’’ must be a priority to create lines of communi- CIRVAL, EDA, FAO, EAAP etc.). It will function ascation between professionals, producers, processors a working group (action team) in partnership with theand others with mutual interests. permanent ‘‘political and dairy’’ Committee. In-

formative notes will be prepared based upon thissymposium.

The stakes are important and various:

Dr. Jean-Paul Dubeuf, Scientific Director CIRVAL,• Milk quality is an important condition for increas- Centre International de Ressources et de Valorisation

ing competitiveness. There is difficulty in estab- ` `de l’ Information dans les Filieres Laitieres des Petitslishing quality standards for sheep and goat milk Ruminants. Corsica. (Translated from French byfollowing the EU 92/46 regulations due to the Sonja Boyazoglu).physiological particularities and the seasonality ofsheep and goats. There is the danger of negativelegislation damaging the sector’s development.

U.N. CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL• Establishment of training techniques to make theDIVERSITY BIOSAFETY PROTOCOLsector professional.

• Collective approaches to the marketing; a profes-sional overview is needed. The Convention on Biodiversity was accepted almost

• Preservation of diversity of production systems unanimously by Governments of the world at theincluding management and genetic improvement Earth Summit in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (Theof local breeds and avoiding the introduction of USA has not become a Party to the Convention).poorly adapted foreign breeds. EAAP has sent representatives to some of the

• Better management of locally available feed and meetings, in view of the importance of geneticgrazing. diversity in livestock and because the Convention

• Rational improvement and overview of animal has an impact upon animal research and use ofperformances. biotechnology with animals and animal products.

At their regular meetings since 1992, the Govern-ments have tried to agree a Biosafety Protocol to be

It was unanimously recognized that these changesa legally binding international agreement and pro-

will be achieved only by better organization. Incedure on Biosafety. It has been a difficult process,

many countries some physical infra-structural prob-partly because of the position taken by a few

lems add to the socio-economic and technical dif-countries known as the Miami Group (including

ficulties: conditions and cost of milk collection inUSA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil) which are already

mountain areas with low population density andgrowing large quantities of genetically modified food

small flocks; inadequate access, roads, water, elec-and animal feed for export. A special attempt by the

tricity. Innovations are needed and FAO’s role wasParties in Cartagena in 1999 failed.

underlined: development of lactoperoxidase as anAfter hard negotiating and through the night from

efficient means milk conservation in under-equipped24-28 January 2000, agreement was reached in

hot regions or to improve and help home farmMontreal, Canada on the Final Text of the Agree-

production (Jordan).ment which focused on transboundary movement ofliving modified organisms resulting from application

Future meetings of modern biotechnology techniques in agriculture.It was decided to hold multi-diciplinary symposia The document will be known as the Cartagena

of this type every three or four years on the initiative Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Bio-of the International Dairy Federation (IDF/FIL). An logical Diversity.Organizing Committee will ensure follow-up and The preamble of the agreement plus the topicsseek to provide for organisational innovation, closely covered in each article are given here. The full text


may be found at the Website of UN Convention on tended to subordinate this Protocol to otherBiological Diversity. international agreements;

• Have agreed as follows:

PreambleThe text of the Protocol contains 40 Articles whichdeal with the subjects shown.

• Being Parties to the Convention on Biological1. ObjectiveDiversity, hereinafter referred to as the ‘‘Conven-2. General provisionstion’’;3. Use of terms• Recalling Article 19, paragraphs 3 and 4, and4. ScopeArticles 8 (g) and 17 of the Convention;5. Pharmaceuticals• Recalling also decision II /5 of 17 November6. Transit and contained use1995 of the Conference of the Parties to the7. Application of the advance informed agreementConvention to develop a Protocol on biosafety,

procedurespecifically focusing on transboundary movement8. Notificationof any living modified organism resulting from9. Acknowledgement of receipt of notificationmodern biotechnology that may have adverse

10. Decision procedureeffect on the conservation and sustainable use of11. Procedure for living modified organisms intend-biological diversity, setting out for consideration,

ed for direct use as food or feed, or for process-in particular, appropriate procedures for advanceinginformed agreement;

12. Review of decisions• Reaffirming the precautionary approach contained13. Simplified procedurein Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environ-14. Bilateral, regional and multilateral agreementsment and Development;

and arrangements• Aware of the rapid expansion of modern bio-15. Risk assessmenttechnology and the growing public concern over16. Risk managementits potential adverse effects on biological diversi-17. Unintentional transboundary movements andty, taking also into account risks to human health;

emergency measures• Recognizing that modern biotechnology has great18. Handling, transport, packaging and identificationpotential for human well-being if developed and19. Competent national authorities and nationalused with adequate safety measures for the en-

focal pointsvironment and human health;20. Information sharing and the biosafety clearing-• Recognizing also the crucial importance to

househumankind of centres of origin and centres of21. Confidential informationgenetic diversity;22. Capacity-building• Taking into account the limited capabilities of23. Public awareness and participationmany countries, particularly developing countries,24. Non-partiesto cope with the nature and scale of known and25. Illegal transboundary movementspotential risks associated with living modified26. Socio-economic considerationsorganisms;27. Liability and redress• Recognizing that trade and environment agree-28. Financial mechanism and resourcesments should be mutually supportive with a view29. Conference of the parties serving as the meetingto achieving sustainable development;

of the parties to this protocol• Emphasizing that this Protocol shall not be inter-30. Subsidiary bodiespreted as implying a change in the rights and31. Secretariatobligations of a Party under any existing interna-32. Relationship with the conventiontional agreements;33. Monitoring and reporting• Understanding that the above recital is not in-


34. Compliance fare, agri-business, alternative ethics, consumer35. Assessment and review viewpoints, development, poverty issues, quality of36. Signature life and trade. The geographic scope is also wide,37. Entry into force addressing issues in both industrialized and develop-38. Reservations ing country contexts.39. Withdrawal Great changes are occurring in farming systems40. Authentic texts world-wide. With world population expected to

exceed eight billion in the next 20-25 years, and acurrently extraordinarily poor capacity to feed

Annex I. Information required in notificationseveryone now, the changes may have to come even

under articles 8, 10 and 13faster. And yet, people’s concerns about food safety,

Annex II. Information required concerning livinghuman health and quality of life for both humans and

modified organisms intended for directanimals grow. Can these concerns be recognized

use as food or feed, or for processingwith the need substantially to increase food pro-

under article 11duction, or might we have to worry rather less about

Annex III. Risk assessment.biodiversity, climate change and water pollution;about ethics and equality, so that we can all eat?

The first step is to understand clearly the nature ofBOOK REVIEWS the processes driving change, and then to make

informed choices. And again, this is where this bookLivestock, Ethics and Quality of Life, (2000). excels. It sets out why changes at both the macro andHodges, John & Han, In K. (Eds.). CAB Interna- micro scales are coming, and then addresses how wetional Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon. OX10 8DE, might merge more ethical and equitable systems ofUK. ISBN 0-85199-362-1. 288pp. HB.£49.95 production and consumption that could mean benefits(US$90). for the environment too. It setting out these choices,

the book is strong in some areas and weaker inThis book begins by focusing on Dolly the sheep, others. It is strong on animal biotechnology – but

and concludes with a challenge: livestock can bring one suspects that a consumer or environmentalgreat benefits to humankind, provided they are seen organisation would give a rather different perspec-as potential contributions to building community and tive. It is comprehensive on the pervasive andnot the means of enriching one part of society at the extending role of agri-business, but weaker on theexpense of another. external costs of modern livestock systems. Inter-

How can this be done? Where will the requisite nalising such costs into prices makes such systemsethical leadership come from? The world food look much less ‘‘efficient’’.system is becoming progressively more centralized But no single book can do everything. Strengthand globalized. In the USA, just four firms now particularly lies in the treatment of ethical issues –control 50% of the broiler industry, four some 80% and these sections should be read by every scientistof beef production, and four about 80% of soya. in the food system. As Gary Comstock indicates inAnimal farming has become more efficient, requiring his chapter ‘‘we now breed food animals that cannotless labour. But is it better for animals and the perform the biological functions characteristic ofenvironment? their species, such as turkeys that cannot fly and

‘‘Livestock, Ethics and Quality of Life’’ is a cows that will not care for their calves . . . .we havewelcome new book setting out fundamental ques- created artefacts, animals more like machines thantions and some solutions in the world livestock like wild animals.’’ Where does such practice leadsystem. The editors, John Hodges and In K Han, us? To genetic experiments on mice in Germany andhave assembled an impressive list of contributors the USA that removed key genes and producedfrom many different disciplines, who address such limbless mice in the one experiment, and headlessbroad-ranging topics as animal biotechnology, wel- mice that could not breathe in another. ‘‘How could


such experiments be conceived, much less per- by complexity and diversity of the mechanismsformed?’’ asks the author. involved. Significant gaps in the present knowledge

Further chapters provide valuable information of of Ig genes of large farm animals are pointed out.grain demand, livestock production and consumption Four chapters are devoted to the major histocom-in Asia, Latin America and Africa, but these tend to patibility complex (MHC) in various livestock, fishaddress the core ethical and moral issues rather less and poultry species. A contrasting situation appearsdirectly. This is a welcome book that deserves wide between poultry and ruminants on the one hand,attention, though its disappointingly high price may where several MHC associations with diseases havemean many readers will have to search out libraries been well documented, and pig and fish on the otherfor their copies. hand, where implications of MHC in specific disease

resistances apparently remain to be shown.Professor Jules Pretty The section on genetic resistance covers parasites,

Director, Centre for Environment and Society, bacteria, viruses and prions. The coverage is exten-University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 sive in most cases, and the reader is offered several3SQ, UK. significant examples of genetic variation for resist-

ance, ranging from nematodes in sheep to Marek’sGenetic resistance to animal diseases. (1998). Eds: disease in poultry. Surprisingly perhaps, the prion

¨M. Muller & G.Brem. Office International des chapter is limited to a study on resistance in miceEpizooties (OIE), 12 rue de Prony, Paris 75017, using transgenesis.France. ISBN 92 9044 466 5. 391pp. FF270 & Improvement of disease resistance by breeding isUS$45 addressed in the two sections on conventional breed-

ing and genomics, the latter including a chapter onThe costs of diseases to animal production have the cataloguing of inherited disorders. The Swedish

remained for the last ten years at about 10-20% of experience in dairy cattle and the Australian Merinothe total production value. The various measures case are good examples of how unfavourable geneticavailable for controlling infectious agents, such as correlations between disease resistance and product-vaccines, quarantines or importation restrictions have ion traits may be circumvented through well-de-often failed, and the application of prophylactic signed breeding programmes. With genomic ap-programmes is sometimes impossible, especially proaches, there is a shift from phenotypic to DNAunder extensive animal husbandry conditions. On the information. An extensive chapter gives the detailsother hand, attempts to improve genetic resistance to of the steps needed for a successful implementationdiseases have been reported for a long time. This of such methods, leading to potentially very effectivespecial issue of Revue scientifique et technique de programmes of marker-assisted selection or intro-l’Office International des Epizooties (OIE) is a gression.particularly welcome review of the present situation The last two chapters deal with transgenic technol-in this domain of genetic resistance to animal ogy, considering its two opposite aspects, eitherdiseases. deletive (knockout) or additive (gene transfer). This

The book is made up of five sections, covering (i) technology has proven to be a very powerful tool forgeneral mechanisms of defence, (ii) genetic resist- analysing gene functions, and particularly geneticance to various infectious agents, (iii) conventional resistance in mice. The potential also exists in largebreeding programmes, (iv) marker-assisted selection animals for removing susceptibility genes, or forand identification of resistance traits, and, finally, (v) adding beneficial ones, such as genes encoding formore futuristic approaches such as targeted disrup- immunoglobins specific of given pathogens. The lasttion of gene function and transgenesis. sentence of the book, however, reminds us of the

The most important section is devoted to mecha- many obstacles still on the road. As the authors say,nisms of defence, which occupy a quarter of the « time, money and public acceptance will determinebook. The two chapters on constitutional and adap- the feasibility of such an undertaking ».tive immunity set the general landscape, dominated The whole book offers a very comprehensive and


up to date overview of the present knowledge on sions, the point /counterpoint sessions and most ofgenetic resistances in farm animals, each chapter the workshops, but not the poster presentations. It isbeing followed by an extensive bibliography. The an extensive book with a total of 166 papersbook is well organized and successfully meets the presented within 11 main topics, 5 workshops and 3challenge of avoiding major overlaps between its 27 points /counterpoints.chapters. There is unfortunately no subject index, The book is valuable for all people working withinwhich would have made access easier to specific the laboratory animal research area, and for thosetopics of interest. involved in the animal welfare debate. The book

The book also raises an interesting issue on the would be most valuable for people working onplace to be given to the murine paradigm in the legislation issues and with public opinion. Althoughcontext of large farm animal species. While it is the papers are written as scientific papers several areclaimed in one of the four chapters devoted to Mus on a more general level making them understandablethat species such as mice are « ideal », owing in to a broader public than only researchers. Severalparticular to their well-known immunological charac- papers are written as one would imagine they wereteristics, another author (page 61-62) warns us that presented at the congress, and this gives an impres-the mechanisms which are used by large farm sion for the reader of taking part of the conference.animals to develop their adult antibody repertoire The general outline of the book shows on onemay not follow the paradigm established in labora- hand the possibilities with alternative methods to thetory mice. We are also warned (page 43) that T use of animals, but on the other hand the problemshelper response has not yet been shown to correlate with exchanging animals to cell cultures. In somewith antibody response in farm animals, contrary to types of research, for example in drug kinetics andthe murine leishmaniosis case for instance, which is metabolism it is almost impossible to get reliablepresented page 176-187 as a model. results without having the complex function of a

Overall, the material presented and the general whole body. However, the book gives many exam-orientation towards future developments to be ex- ples on alternative methods in toxicology testing.pected in the field of genetic resistance make this There is also a relatively large section on howbook a highly valuable tool for students, researchers, transgenic animals can help in reducing the numberteachers and the animal industry. The Director of animals used in research.General of OIE, J. Blancou, is to be congratulated One of the topics deals with animal welfare andfor having managed, with the assistance of the co- refinement. If we can not replace all animal experi-

¨ordinators M. Muller and G. Brem, to put together ments, there are several ways in which we canwith great coherence contributions from 59 recog- reduce the pain and distress of animals, for example,nized experts in the field. This book should remain by improving housing and handling of them, recog-as a reference for many years to come. nising and assess adverse effects of treatments and

avoid or alleviate pain. There are also ways ofDr. Louis Ollivier re-using animals in research, and thus reducing the

INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France total number of animals used. The book also takes upthe important aspect of educating researchers about

Animal Alternatives, Welfare and Ethics. 1997. the alternatives, but also on how to design a goodEd: L.F.M. van Zutphen and M. Balls. Elsevier experiment according to the available knowledgeScience BV, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, within statistics.The Netherlands. ISBN 0-444-82424-3. HB. 1260 The book also deals with the intensified debate onpp NLG545 or $US340.75. the use of animals in research over the last couple of

years. This can be seen in more rules concerning theThis book consist of the Proceeding of the 2nd use of animals, especially in Europe. However,

World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in making laws on animal welfare may sometimes bethe Life Sciences held in Utrecht, The Netherlands, quite complicated as for example in the USA having20-24 October 1996. The book contains the full so many States. Animal ethics committees exist inpapers presented at the plenary and platform ses- many countries, but have quite different roles and


composition in the different countries, and this is tive) technologies, putting all of this in the context ofdiscussed intensively in the book. There is a section the application to (beef and dairy) cattle and sheepabout databases and communication in the book, and breeding.it may be worthwhile to use the address given in the This is a book that animal science students (under-papers and found out what is available on the World- graduate and graduate) should borrow from theWide Web. library. The book gives a good overview of practical

Papers in the book bring up the differences breeding in cattle and sheep, outlining the principlesbetween the use of farm animals and the use of and showing how these principles are used. Modernlaboratory animals, because in the latter case re- breeding is described in the perspective of historicalsearchers deliberately inflict pain and suffering on developments of changes in science and society. Anthe animals, whereas this is not the case for farmers. example is the anecdote on prices paid in 1789 forFor the farm animals we can make rules and animals from the herd of breeding pioneer Robertregulations that force them to keep and treat the Bakewell. The book is easy to read and wellanimals according to good animal welfare concern. illustrated. The writer has made ample use of theWithin laboratory animal welfare the 3 Rs have broadness of current production systems in Britaingreatly influenced the debate over the last decade, and the rich British history in livestock breeding.even though it was published already in 1959 by With a minimum of mathematics the writer succeedsRussell and Burch. This book is dedicated to Rex to bringing across many ideas. Throughout the book,Burch who died during 1996. The 3 Rs stand for very thorough explanations of terms are given, andReduce, Refine and Replace. the glossary of technical terms is very useful. After

The book ends with a large section on validation each chapter a good summary of the contents isand acceptance of alternatives. The question is how given, and references are given for further reading.alternatives can be validated, and which tests new Addition of self-study problems on ‘things to re-substances must go through in order to be approved member’ would make the book even more useful forby the authorities. use a study book.

The 3rd World Congress on Alternatives and The book should be ‘at hand’ for all practitionersAnimal Use in the Life Sciences was held in in cattle and sheep breeding organisations. The bookBologna, Italy during August 1999. It remains to be gives a well-structured framework for genetic im-seen from those Proceedings if new areas have been provement strategies. Attention is given to the struc-developed since the Congress in Utrecht. This book ture and organisation of breeding industry. Withis a valuable piece of literature for those who want to many descriptions, individual animal characteristicsknow more about the arguments for or against the are chosen as the entrance point, which makes theuse of animals in research. book easy to access for practitioners. The book is up

to date both in terms of methodology and currentDr. Lena Lidfors problems (and challenges) in society and, more

Department of Animal Environment and Health, specifically, in livestock breeding. For example theSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences, book deals with ethical implications of new tech-P.O.Box 234, SE-532 23 Skara, Sweden. nologies, the evaluation of animals across herds,

breeds and countries, and marker-assisted introgres-Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep. 1998. sion. Because of this, and because of the usefulGeoff Simm. Farming Press, Miller Freeman UK attention for operational aspects, the book providesLtd., Wharfedale Road, Ipswich, IP1 4LG, UK. many opportunities for possibly improving currentISBN 0-85236-351-6. 433pp. £24.95 strategies. For technicians, the book has a specifical-

ly appealing feature in that it provides a descriptionThe book deals with the origin of today’s livestock and a discussion on the relationship between social

breeds, genes, genetic codes and genetic variation, structure and genetic improvement strategies. As anstrategies for genetic improvement, factors determin- example, when describing the three major processesing genetic response to selection, prediction of leading to genetic changes in a population (drift,breeding values, and new (molecular and quantita- natural selection and artificial selection), the writer


correctly emphasizes the role of social circumstances vitamins and non-nutritive additives (enzymes, anti-in directing artificial selection. biotics, and pre- and pro-biotics) are dealt with in

The book is certainly very useful for scientists in relation to the possible problems in the application.genetics and applied livestock breeding. For this In Chapter Four there is an overview of the post-group of readers it is especially to be mentioned that pelleting equipment. Low dose is a problem withthe book uses an original structure in presenting all most vitamins, trace elements, antibiotics, pro-bioticsdifferent aspects of genetic improvement strategies. and enzymes, when added in a proportion of 0.1-Moreover, the book contains a number of original 0.002% of feed. Accurate dosing and mixing of suchideas. small proportions requires high standard technical

equipment. The authors describe essential aspects ofDr. A.F. Groen the equipment design is several situations (spraying

Associate Professor, Animal Breeding and Ge- system, continuous addition, batch system). Theynetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, also pay attention to the positioning of liquid addi-Wageningen University, The Netherlands. tion in a production line, the requirements for the

equipment concerning factors such as the number ofPost-pelleting application of liquid additives sprayed pellets in the mixture, number of droplets,(1999). G.M.A. Engelen and A.F.B. van der Poel. mixing method, segregation of feed particles and theWageningen Pers, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG additive content of fines, allergic reactions to sensi-Wageningen, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-74134- tive people etc.66-1 Paperback, 99p. The analysis of feed quality in Chapter Four is a

difficult affair with the small doses and the usual lowThis book focuses on the application in liquid accuracy of the analytical methods. Effects of sample

form of micro-ingredients, which are sensitive to size, the sampling method and the number of sam-damage by heat and processing during production of ples play a role in determining the confidencecompound feeds. However, heating is important for interval for calculated standard deviations. Also helpgood hygiene, for safe feed and quality food as with a tracer instead of the additive may improve thedemanded by end-users and consumers because results or reduce costs of the analyses. Finallyusing high temperatures during processing decreases recommendations are given for further research onmicrobial contamination. The application of liquid the recovery as well as distribution and homogeneityadditives in a post-pelleting application may be an in the equipment suitable for this applications.alternative technological solution to prevent heat The book is of interest to process engineers,damage of the additive, to reduce cross-contamina- nutritionists, researchers and students interested intion and to guarantee almost 100% recovery of the post-pelleting applications of additives.additive in the animal feed. Moreover, such a systembenefits feed manufacturers since it provides more Dr. Ynze van der Honing,flexibility in meeting the demand for special custom- Head, Dept. of Pig and Poultry Nutrition, DLO-build feeds. The authors also describe a number of Institute of Animal Science and Health, PO Box 65,requirements of the feed and equipment which are 8200 AB, The Netherlands.critical for implementation of liquid additive sys-tems. Poultry Meat Science. (1999). Eds: R.I. Richar-

Quality as defined in ISO-standards and GMP- dson & G.C. Mead. CAB International, Wallin-codes receive attention as does the measurement and gford, Oxon. OX10 8DE, UK. ISBN 0-85199-237-statistics around uniformity /homogeneity or distribu- 4. 464 pages. HB. £65 or US$120. This text derivestion briefly in Chapter Two. The authors present the from the 25th Poultry Science Symposium held atliterature associated with the liquid additives in the University of Bristol, UK, 17-19 September,Chapter Three. A table of micro-components that can 1997.be added in liquid form is shown, as well as a tableindicating available thermo-stable enzymes and their This volume has the great merit of summarizingapplications. Nutritive additives such as amino acids, four wide lines of research each of marked scientific


importance: Biochemical basis of meat quality; with protein currently being the most valuable milkProduction and harvesting factors affecting meat component. Hence, feeding systems that allow thequality; Microbiological quality of poultry meat and farmer to manipulate the level of the various milkmeat products; Quality aspects of poultry meat components are needed. According to the authors theproducts. current systems for diet formulation in the UK,

Topics are covered in separate chapters by some which are based on the ARC metabolizable energyof the well-known names in the world of scientific (ME) and AFRC metabolizable protein (MP) pro-research, are brilliantly presented, and are of easy posals are unable to satisfy such a need. Becauseaccess for the reader to gain a good understanding, they use ‘‘a factorial assessment of the cow’sdespite their vastness and complexity. This work is, nutrient requirements to calculate the supply ofindeed, of a great help for those working in food energy and protein that must be provided in the dietscience research, both at the academic and industrial to meet those requirements’’, but do not take intolevels. Also under-graduates and graduates involved account:in biological sciences could benefit their knowledgebase with updated state-of-the-art information. • how the cow responds to changes in the nutrient

The first part of the book elucidates on a bio- supply,chemical basis, the features associated with meat • how dietary constituents interact in their effect onquality, focuses on the complex structure of muscle, the processes of digestion and metabolism,its development, and the relationship with texture, • how diet affects the partitioning of nutrientscolour and flavour. The dynamic state of research in between milk production and body gain andthe factors affecting meat quality during production between the major milk constituents, at differentand harvesting is covered and includes: production, stages of lactation.nutrition and pre- and post-slaughter.

Microbiological quality of poultry meat and meat The authors emphasize that the current systems areproducts is examined in the third part of the book, not inaccurate, but merely fail to accommodate thestressing in particular the production environment, future needs of milk producers. Therefore, a Workinghygiene during transport, slaughter and processing, Party under the auspices of the former AFRCmethods for decontaminating meat and for extending Technical Committee on Response to Nutrients wasshelf-life. commissioned to write a report on this topic. How-

The final section covers poultry meat products ever, due to a lack of support the report was notwhere contributors examines the quality aspects of finalized, until support from CAB International andharvesting by means of properly organized taste the Ministry of Agriculture LINK project ‘‘Feed intopanels, and new technologies. Milk’’ enabled completion of the report, resulting in

the book that is the topic of this review.Prof. Francesco Nicastro The book is logically divided into 10 chapters,

Department of Animal Production, University of starting with a Summary and Introduction. The bookBari, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy then proceeds with a chapter on the current feeding

systems and their limitations. A comparison is madeResponse in the yield of milk constituents to the with current systems in the US and other Europeanintake of nutrients by dairy cows. 1998. UK- countries. Although all systems are very similar,AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to there are small but important differences betweenNutrients, Report No. 11. CAB International them. One can not help but wonder how nice itPublishing, Wallingford, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0- would be to adopt one common system between85199-284-6. 96pp. Softback. £19.95. countries; this would greatly facilitate the communi-

cation and collaboration between scientists interna-The authors state that the costs associated with tionally. The next chapter outlines the three main

feeding constitute approximately 50 percent of the elements of a new system: nutrient supply, nutrientcosts of milk production. Furthermore, the milk price use, and characterization of the state of the cow.depends on the levels of the major milk constituents, Each of these elements is dealt with in detail in the


following three chapters, describing the current state be, already serve a useful role in pinpointing gaps inof knowledge for each. Following a brief chapter our biological knowledge about processes of nutrientwith Conclusions, a very useful chapter follows with utilization and metabolism, and thus aid in targetingrecommendations for future research in order to fill essential areas of biological research.the gaps in information that is needed to develop the Finally, while the book describes the need for aproposed nutrient response system. The final chapter new feeding system in Great Britain, the contents ofoutlines possible approaches to the prediction of a the book is equally relevant to students and profes-response in milk constituent output from a nutrient sionals in other countries. After all, despite differ-supply; reference is made to several existing mathe- ences in feed stuffs used and in milk production andmatical models. The book also contains an Appendix milk composition between different breeds, thein which a brief outline is given of a possible model principles of the underlying biological processes onof metabolism in dairy cows, based on the work by which the system will be based, are very similar ifFrance and Thornley (1984). not identical in most places.

The authors point out that it was not their intentionto write an extensive comprehensive review of all Dr. Kerst Stelwagen,available information, but rather provide a summary Head Section Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Researchof a review of several major areas of ruminant Station for Cattle, Sheep and Horse Husbandry (PR),nutrition. Unfortunately, this brevity and the fact that P.O. Box 2176, NL-8203 AD Lelystad, The Nether-in certain sections of the book the text is rather lands.tedious and not always easy to follow, may make thebook less suitable for students and professionals with Forage Seed Production, Volume l: Temperatelittle or no expertise in ruminant nutrition. However, Species (1997). Edited by D.T. Fairey & J.G.for those with more experience in this field the book Hampton. CAB International, Wallingford Oxon,provides a good overview, albeit brief, of the under- OX10 8DE, UK, ISBN 0-85199-190-4. 420 pages.lying principles, the challenges, problems and re- IHB. £65 or US$120quirements for a nutrient response feeding system.The book points out that such a complex system can This book is the first volume of a two-volumeonly be achieved with the help of computer models. series, the second being on forage seed productionOver the years several groups, world-wide, have from tropical and subtropical species. The book’sbeen increasingly successful in trying to model justification is: firstly, the vital importance of grassesprocesses such as feed intake, nutrient utilization and and legumes in grazed pastures and conserved standsabsorption, and mammary gland function. The chal- as foundation feeds for ruminant animal production;lenge that lies ahead is to improve those models, to secondly, that increasingly, more non-agriculturaldevelop new ones where necessary, and combine uses are being found for the so-called ‘forage’them into a robust system that is able to predicts the grasses and legumes – amenity purposes, landscap-output of individual milk constituents from a certain ing, erosion control, industrial land reclamation,supply of nutrients with a minimum of input vari- biomass energy, medical /pharmaceutical products toables. This will be a formidable task, which due to name a cross-section; thirdly, that the seed pro-its complexity and size can only be achieved through duction sector of the world agricultural economy hascollaboration of national and international groups of been relatively neglected from a research and de-scientists with not only modelling expertise, but also velopment perspective; fourthly, to issue challengeswith expertise in physiology, biochemistry and endo- to researchers and seed producers to achieve the seedcrinology, in order to close the gasps in existing yield potentials of the different species by classifyingknowledge, which is necessary for the development and optimally integrating the physiological responsesof the appropriate models. Indeed, the authors rightly of seed crops to management factors.point out that while the practical application of the The book comprises two parts; part 1, with 11nutrient response system may still be a thing of the chapters which make up 70 per cent of the book’sfuture, existing models, however limiting they may text, covers all the aspects relevant to seed pro-


duction, the dominant areas overviewed being: plant There are 20 grass and legume genera whosemorphological structures and physiological mecha- species are usually accepted as temperate in nature.nisms; improvement of seed yields and quality Thus, in concentrating only on the 11 species fromstandards; seed crop management; seed harvesting seven genera because of their international signifi-and processing; the international seed trade. Part 2, cance, the book admits to the omission of manywith 11 shorter chapters, presents practical case species – Phalaris and Bromus grass species, andstudies from eight countries on the seed production Onobrychis and Vicia legume species, for example –of the main species sown in temperature grasslands which are of importance in some countries or regionsand traded internationally; namely, six grass species of a country. As such, these species represent afrom four genera (tall fescue, red fescue, Italian challenge to the seed trade to meet market demandsryegrass, perennial ryegrass, smooth-stalked meadow since they are needed for differing environments, butgrass, cocksfoot) and five legume species from three the demand for seed is not always met because of agenera (birdsfoot trefoil, lucerne, red clover, white low payback. Arguably, a book or booklet of caseclover, subterranean clover). There are 43 con- studies of such species would be valuable.tributors, 27 being involved in the Part 1 chapters In conclusion the book’s first and main part isand 16 in the Part 2 chapters. Authorship is interna- essentially a scientific / technological treatise with antional, with circa 50 per cent from seven European international emphasis. It provides a valuable sourcecountries, 20 per cent from New Zealand, 20 per cent of information and references for kindred researchersfrom the United States of America and 10 per cent involved in the seed production of temperate grassesfrom four other countries. Part 1 is liberally refer- and legumes, and for agricultural science lecturersenced with the nine mainly scientific / technological and their advanced students. Researchers will ap-chapters averaging 116 references per chapter. In preciate the gaps in knowledge identified and so willpart 2, with its emphasis on the practicalities of seed be able to formulate future experimentation. In theproduction, the average number of citations per second part the practical aspects covered in the casechapter is just 13. The book is particularly well- studies for the 11 most important temperate forageindexed. species will be of particular value to progressive seed

Seed production of temperate forage plants is a producers, advisers and seed trade personnel.relatively new industry, tracing its roots back to thenineteenth century. However, the greatest advances Dr. John Frame, formerly of the Scottish Agriculturalin cultivar improvement and hence production of College, Auchincruive, Ayr, Scotland.certified seed of high quality were from the 1920sonwards. Notwithstanding, seed yields from indi- Secondary Plant Products: Antinutritional andvidual species are still highly variable and many seed Beneficial Actions in Animal Feeding. (1999).multiplication issues identified in the early years John C. Cayhill and Irene Mueller-Harvey. Not-have still not been fully resolved. The part 1 chapters tingham University Press. Manor Farm, Thrum-make significant contributions to the science and pton, Nottingham, NG11 0AX, UK. ISBN 1-technology of these issues. Notable pivotal chapters 897676-28. Softback. 130pp. £25.are those dealing with: reproductive developmentand establishment of potential seed yield; compo- This 130-page book collects the reports that werenents of seed yield; pollination, fertilization and presented at the Reading University symposium onpollinating mechanisms; harvest and postharvest the initiative of the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheriesmanagement of seed crops. The chapter entitled and Food. It sums up our knowledge on the effects‘‘The Forage Seed Trade’’ emphasises the important of some secondary components of plants that arerole of international trade and the international used in animal feeding. After going through all theregulatory bodies such as the Organisation for Econ- substances that may have an anti-nutritional or aomic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and positive role in animal production, the authors detailthe Federation International du Commerce des Se- tannins, trypsin inhibitors and lectins.mences (FIS0). Concerning tannins, the different kinds are first


presented, then their positive or negative effects on of the world. Contributors are from a diverse groupanimal production are discussed in relationship with of professions and disciplines and include vet-their chemical composition, their amount in the plant erinarians, physicians, botanists, chemists, biochem-and the type of animal studied. The same is done ists, agricultural scientists, extension agents andwith protein inhibitors whose negative effect mainly representatives of regulatory bodies. The scientificappears in young animals and with lectins which are presentations range from the fundamental to thedangerous when ingested in high quantities but can applied and, in essence, deal mainly with plant toxinshave a positive effect on the animal which has eaten in relation to animal health and productivity, and to athem in some circumstances. much lesser extent with the safety of food production

The consequences of these effects are then brought for humans.up to suggest possible selection schemes for the The symposium papers are formatted as 110concerned plants. This makes an in-depth study, individual chapters. These are grouped under ninewhich includes the names of plants, of complex subject area headings which are listed in the table ofproblems linked to the chemical nature of molecules contents though not in the body of the text. A furtherin each substance category, backed by a particularly two chapters contain obituaries of the scientists, W.well-documented list of bibliographical references. Binns and J.W. Dollahite. The group headings and

The discussion opens up some interesting possi- their respective numbers of chapters are: regionalbilities for future research works which could allow and epidemiological issues (13); cardiopulmonaryone to transform negative effects into positive ones. system (19); diagnostic / treatment issues (18); mis-An index makes it possible to look up the paragraph cellaneous topics (8); the reproductive system anddealing with the topic one is interested in very the embryo (12); public health and herbal medicinequickly. concerns (5); the musculoskeletal and the neurologi-

The very clear presentation with many experimen- cal system (13); mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses (9);tal results makes it an invaluable work for those who detoxification, digestion and elimination (15). Un-ware willing to understand these intricate mecha- usually for a symposium, there are no overviewnisms and to contribute to improving their effects on plenary papers and so the chapters average only fiveanimals. pages each. The multi-disciplinary nature of the

work on toxic plants and collaboration involved isProfessor J-L.Tisserand illustrated by the multi-authorship of individual

´ ´Etablissement National d’Enseignement Superieur papers, with sometimes as many as 8, 9 and 10 beingAgronomique de Dijon, (ENESAD), Dijon, France. associated. There are 430 contributor names for the

papers, the majority from the USA and Australia, butToxic Plants and Other Natural Toxicants (1998). some authors contribute to a number of papers; alsoEdited by T. Garland and A.C. Barr, CAB 17 countries are represented in the authorship. Amer-International, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8DE, UK. ican workers dominate the sections on epidemiologi-ISBN 0-85199-263-3. 585 pages. HB £75 or cal issues and public health while Australians domi-US$240. nate the section on mycotoxins. In general the papers

are liberally referenced, averaging 13 per chapter andThis book consists of the edited and refereed totalling over 1400 citations, though some appear in

papers presented at the 5th International Symposium a number of papers. There is a detailed subject areaon Poisonous Plants (ISOPP 5) which was held at index but not an author index.

San Angelo, Texas, USA in 1997. The internationali- The book contents make it clear that toxic plantsty of the proceedings, though limited if judged by the and other natural toxicants play important roles innumber of countries represented, grew out of an animal and human health, and so involve the manyinitial American /Australian dialogue started in the interrelated disciplines exhibited in the work re-1970s. The main objective of the symposium was to ported. While economic aspects per se are notpresent and exchange new information on the effects presented the editors note that estimates of theof poisonous plants on livestock in different regions economic impact on livestock have ranged in the


millions of dollars (US) in countries such as the sented by authors from many European countries.USA and Australia, let alone other countries. The They are concerned mainly with European systemsproduction of safe, healthy food is increasingly a but also some African farming systems. 13 paperspriority subject of public debate, particularly in so- are in French with an English summary and 11 are incalled developed countries and this is inducing English with a French summary. In general the workgovernments to undertake ever-closer regulatory is categorized by the various relationships betweensurveillance and action. Thus the book makes a farms and their indigenous and exogenous environ-significant up-to-date contribution on the subject ments. These include down-stream influences with ainsofar as the aspects of poisonous plants, mycotox- focus on special issues such as farm organisation andins and herbal intoxications are concerned. Adverse the community role as well as up-stream focusing oneffects, from illness through to fatality in livestock, the interaction between farms and the farming indus-are well described as are the identification, biochem- try. The book clearly demonstrates the need toistry and modes of action of the chemical compounds consider the changing environment and its impact onresponsible but also, importantly, the protocols for the technical and economic functioning and organisa-their management, eradication or amelioration. tion of farms.

In conclusion the specific subject areas covered in These objectives allow topics to be groupedthe book are wide ranging in nature yet individually around six trends: Farm management and internalstill specialized. Therefore, the publication is for operation; diagnostic methods and approaches ofbrowsing and dipping into selectively by workers in farm systems; micro economic modelling of decisionthe different fields of toxicology dealt with. The and behaviour; negotiation of contracts betweenbook expresses the current state of play of research farms and their partners; assessment of evolution inand development in plant /animal toxicological mat- farming systems; and the responses to change andters, particularly on problems, their detection, treat- the perspective for multi-disciplinary studies onments and solutions, provides a rich source of farming systems. Three papers on farm managementreferences and hopefully, inspiration for work into operation deal with understanding functions andaspects not yet fully understood. decision-making processes at farm level. The specific

originality of the contribution is associated with theDr. John Frame, formerly of the Scottish Agricultural assessment of improvements at the farm enterpriseCollege, Auchincruive, Ayr, Scotland. level and its effect on overall farm operation with the

aim to improve overall efficiency. Four papers dealFarm and Rural Resources Management: New with diagnostic problems of farm systems. A strongContext, New Constraints, New Opportunities focus is brought to the need to include the infra-(1998). Jacques Brossier and Barry Dent (Eds). structure, economic and natural environment with

´Publication No.31 in Etudes et Recherches sur les their interaction to farm development and farming´ ´Systemes INRA Editions, Agraires et le Develop- practises. Two contributions pay particular attention

pement, Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles to the positive effects of interaction between exten-Cedex, France, ISBN 2-7380-0843-7. FF 190 sion services and farmers and the involvement of

farmers in development dynamics. The two otherThe objectives of the conference organized by papers concentrate on the interactions between farm

INRA (France) are clearly laid out in this 477 page operations and environmental issues within farm andbook of proceedings. The objectives are to improve the expanding role farms play in maintaining land-understanding of change in the farming sector and scape grasslands. Trends in micro-economic model-especially the effect of change on Farming System ling to support decision-making at farm level areDevelopment. Further objectives are new approaches highlighted in three papers, with a common charac-in methods in farm diagnosis, micro-economic teristic to integrate technical factors and factors ofmodelling and the contract between farms and the the socio-economic environment in a modellingnatural and economic environment. The 24 papers exercise. The system-oriented micro-economichighlight specific experiences and approaches pre- modelling aims to support decisions for new agricul-


tural policies. The use of micro-economic modelling essential interaction domains to be included infor decision-making within farms is also demon- holistic assessments. It is also stressed that thestrated by two papers concerned with dynamic statistical category ‘‘farm’’ is not only a technicalplanning of cropping systems and of organic farming system but a result of a long term social evolutionand their evolving interactions between farmers, the which covers very diverse economic and socialenvironment and political regulations. situations. A continuous understanding of this system

Negotiation of contracts between farmers and requires interdisciplinary approaches and a clearother stake-holders in society is a growing issue in requirement to link different system levels andfarming systems concerned with supplying consum- interaction vectors.ers with quality products and with the environmental This book provides empirical inspiration on ainteraction of the farming process. Several papers large number of aspects in farming systems researchfollow the principal-agent theories. Several papers related to farm and rural management. Making thisindicate that constraints in external changes create information available to a larger group of interestedneed and desire to obtain new competence and policy makers, scientists, students, and practitionersknowledge for farm managers. Another set of papers is applaudable. The book is interesting also fordeals with contracts between farms and industrial identifying differences in schools of thoughts andenterprise to secure market outlets and standard approaches between scientific communities withinproduct quality. Two papers highlight the need to Europe. Improving the understanding of differentcreate transparency of requirements, production methodologies approaches and the utilisation ofpossibilities and new opportunities as a mean of synergies is another positive feature. Together withreducing transaction costs and contract efficiency. information on theorisation system economics thisOther alternatives for providing sustainable linkage book can provide useful reading to support activitiesbetween producers and consumers are dealt with in in research and in teaching Farm and Rural Systemtwo papers which highlight organisational and con- Developmenttractual requirements for producer co-ordination,production standardisation, and information linkage Professor Kurt Peters,through direct contracts with consumers. Dept of Tropical Animal Breeding, Humboldt-

A principal factor causing change to farming University, Berlin, Germany.practises is the ever increasing sensitiveness aboutnegative environmental externalities. Three contribu- Broiler breeding: breeding goals, selectiontions addressed the need for methods to analyse the schemes and the usefulness of local breeds foreffect of agri-environmental-policies. It is argued China, (1999). Xiaosong Jiang, PhD Dissertationthat best methods should encompass the effect of Wageningen University, Dept. of Animal Sciences,changes in environmental policies and their effect on Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, PO Boxfarming communities and social networks in rural 338, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands. ISBNareas. Other papers deal with the effect of changes in 90-5808-164-8. 185 pp. Soft cover.factor costs such as labour, in productivity, and inthe flexibility of labour. The causes of these changes Jiang’s PhD thesis is a complex document, com-are discussed in relation to small farm structures in posed of many parts on many themes, but it eventu-less developed regions of Europe, where these small ally comes together as a unity. It concerns present-holder farms create positive social environmental day realities of breeding and selection of chickenexternalities. Although a more classical economic broilers, both in western countries and in China, andview is used in these two papers, their long term it takes a perceptive and thoughtful look at themacro-economic outlook on the effect of changes breeding industry of the future in light of consumerseems important for rural development policies. preferences and demands.Perspectives for multi-disciplinary studies on farm- The first four parts concern challenges faced bying are covered by two papers. Some arguments are industrial breeders in a complex business structure.aimed at the definition of system boundaries and All four deal with minutae of methodology, and all


four have been published separately in refereed in influence-as evidenced by consumer power andjournals where their worth will be judged with the industry structure in China-and that industrial breed-passage of time. ers should take heed.

The first part, published in Poultry Sci. 77:925-933(1998), describes a model for economic analysis and Dr. Roy D. Crawford, Professor Emeritusderivation of economic values, in both integrated and Department of Animal & Poultry Science, Uni-non-integrated systems, and for four levels of the versity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 3J9,industry (multiplier breeder, hatchery, commercial Canada.grower, and processor). In the second part, publishedin Poultry Sci. 77:934-943 (1998), the model istested using real data. The third part, published inPoultry Sci. 78:307-316 (1999), describes develop- TRAINING COURSESment of a design for the application of discountedgene flow methodology to derive cumulative dis- Wageningen Agricultural University, The Nether-counted expressions for production and reproduction landstraits. The fourth, published in J. Anim. Breeding International Postgraduate events will be held atGenet. 116:111-125 (1999), considers selection in Wageningen University and Research Centre andboth purebred grandparent and crossbred parent further information may be obtained from: Interna-stocks on reproductive traits in a broiler dam line. tional Training Centre, Wageningen University andAll four of these studies will be welcomed by Research Centre, PO Box 8130, 6700 EW Wagen-industrial breeders as refinements to their breeding ingen, The Netherlands. Tel: 1 31-317-484092/3.and selection methodologies. Fax: 1 31-317-426547. email: geralda.fonteijn@

The fifth part of Jiang’s thesis is an abrupt secr.phlo.wau.nl http: / /www.wau.nl.phlodeparture from the dizzying heights of mathematicalgenetics. It is a comprehensive and critical review of

European Agricultural Policy in Transforma-literature on the chicken genetic resources of China,

tion. An International Postgraduate Training Courseon structure of the Chinese poultry industry, and on

will be held from 11 to 16 September 2000.the strong consumer preference there for ‘‘quality’’meat which is that from local indigenous breeds andfor ‘‘semi-quality’’ which is that from local mated Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon,with industrial. The review seems not to have been France

´ ´published elsewhere for a wider audience, but it Cours Superieur d’Amerlioration Genetique desshould be. Description of genetic resources is the Animaux Domestiques (CSAGAD)-Cycle 2000/

ˆ` ´most complete yet available. Details of the Chinese 2001. The cours s’adresse a des diplomes de l’en-´ ´ ´poultry industry and of the increasing demand for seignmenrt superieur agronomique, veterinaires,

ˆ‘‘quality’’ product makes stimulating reading. Over universitaires . . . ..il peut etre suivi par des candidats` ´half of the references cited are in Chinese and not n’appartenent pas a cette categorie mais justifiant

´readily available to western readers. This chapter is a d’une experience professionalle suffisante. L’en-´gem for those interested in genetic diversity and in seignement se deroule sur 11 semaines, les sessions

´ ´ `cultural influences on what many would presume to hebdomadaires etant espacees chacune de 2 a 3 mois;be a monotypic global industry. chaque stagiaire choisit dans ce programme global

`The thesis concludes with a general discussion that les sessions correspondant a ses besoins. Cycle 2000-´ ´brings together the disparate parts. It makes stimulat- 2001 a commence janvier 2000 et sera continue

ing reading. It especially considers breeding goals jusqu’a janvier 2001. Information: Monique An-and the forces which drive the broiler industry. dreassian, CSAGAD-IN P-G, 16, rue Claude Ber-

´These are cost reduction, quality improvement, ver- nard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Tel: 1 33-01-satility, and ethics. Cost reduction has dominated, 44-08-17-45. Fax: 1 33-01-44-08-17-47. email:but it is predicted that the other forces will increase [email protected]


International Master on Agro-Food MarketingCIHEAM/IAMZ Courses(7th Edition) will be held from October 2000 to July

The following courses are offered by CIHEAM 2001 at Zaragoza.´and IAMZ. Information: Instituto Agronomico

´Mediterraneo de Zaragoza, Apartado 202-50080Barneveld College, The NetherlandsZaragoza, Spain. Tel: 1 34-976-576013. Fax: 1 34-

The following courses are offered. All courses976-576377. E-mail: [email protected] Web:include theory and practical aspects of managementhttp: / /www.iamz.ciheam.organd technical operations, with study visits and aresuited to beginners and mid-career specialists inAnimal Productionproduction, extension and management. Information:Goat production will be held from 6 to 17Dept. International Studies, PO Box 64, 3770 ABNovember 2000 in Murcia.Barneveld, The Netherlands. Tel: 1 31-342-414881.Implementation of control and eradication pro-Fax: 131-342-492813. E-mail: [email protected] of animal diseases will be held from 11 to

International six month courses15 December 2000 in Zaragoza.Poultry husbandry from 21 August 2000 to 23Meeting marketing requirements for quality in

February 2001ruminant carcasses and meats will be held from 15Pig husbandry from 21 August 2000 to 23 Feb-to 26 January 2001 in Zaragoza.

ruary 2001Statistical principles in livestock productionAnimal feed training programme. 26 Februaryexperiments: towards a better understanding and

2001-25 May 2001application of modern methods will be held from19 to 23 February 2001 in Zaragoza.

Use of molecular techniques in animal breeding´will be held from 5 to 16 March 2001 in Leon, FORTHCOMING SCIENTIFIC

Spain. CONFERENCESAquaculture fish breeding will be held from 2 to

6 April 2001 in Zaragoza.AUGUST 2000Optimizing the use of local conventional and

International Conference on Animal Scienceunconventional feed resources in Mediterraneanand Veterinary Medicine Towards the 21st Cen-arid and semi-arid areas will be held from 14 to 25tury will be held in Beijing, China from 12-15May 2001 in Cairo, Egypt.August 2000. Information: Ms. Xu Jinhua, InstituteMediterranean offshore mariculture will beof Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultur-held from 28 May to 1 June 2001 in Zaragoza.al Sciences, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu Road, BeijingMarketing100094, China. Tel: 1 86-10-6289-5371. Fax: 1 86-Quality management. New concepts and their10-6289-5351. Email: [email protected] in agro-food marketing will be heldor [email protected] 16 to 27 October 2000 in Zaragoza

3rd International Conference on SymbiosisNew developments in agro-food distribution(TICS) will be held in Marburg. Germany fromlogistics. Adaptation of marketing structures will13-19 August 2000 by the International Symbiosisbe held from 20 to 24 November 2000 in Zaragoza.Society. Information: Prof. Dr. H-C. Weber, Tel:The World Trade Organization and its impact1 49-6421-28-2091. Email: [email protected] international agro-food marketing will bemarburg.deheld from 5 to 9 February 2001 in Zaragoza.

IAATH – The International Alliance for Ani-Electronic commerce. Impact and future trendsmal Therapy and Healing will hold its first confer-in agro-food marketing will be held from 11 to 15ence from 17 to 20 August 2000 at Washington StateJune 2001 in Zaragoza.University, Vancouver, Washington State, USA. In-formation: Penny Ramey, Extension Livestock Ad-Advanced Course on Rural Planning in Relationvisor Program, Washington State University Co-to the Environment will be held from 2 Octoberoperative Extension, 11104 NE 149th Street C100,2000 to 8 June 2001 in Zaragoza.


Brush Prairie, WA 98606, USA. Tel: 1 1-360-254- The Use of Information and Communication8436. email: [email protected] Technology (ICT) in Teaching and Learning in

Animal Sciences is a Satellite Symposium of theNote: the following five Satellite Symposia will EAAP Annual Meeting and will be held on Sundaytake place in The Netherlands prior to the EAAP 20 August 2000 at the Netherlands Congress Centre,Annual Meeting details of which are shown below The Hague. Information: Dr. Simon Heath, Centreafter the details of the Symposia. Further infor CBL in Land Use and Environmental Sciencesformation on the Symposia is given in EAAP (CLUES), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24News No. 37. LPS 63 (2000) pages 166-167. 5UA, UK. Tel: 1 44-1224-273-755. Fax: 1 44-

Gas Production Workshop: Fermentation 1224-273-752. email: [email protected]. Web: http: /Kinetics for Feed Evaluation and to assess Micro- /www.clues.abdn.ac.uk:8080/bial Activity will be held in Wageningen, The 51st EAAP Annual Meeting will be held fromNetherlands from 18-19 August 2000. This is a joint 21-24 August 2000 at the Netherlands Congressactivity of the British Society for Animal Science Centre, Churchillplein 10, NL 2517 JW, The Hague,and Wageningen Agricultural University and takes The Netherlands. Information: EAAP2000, NRS, POplace immediately before the EAAP Annual Meeting Box 454, 6800 AL Arnham, The Netherlands. Tel:in The Hague, The Netherlands. Information: Eddie 1 31-26-389-8791. Fax: 1 31-26-389-8777. Email:Deaville. Email: [email protected] or Bar- [email protected] Web: eaap2000.wau.nl Forbara Williams Email: [email protected]. further details see the beginning of this Newsletter.wau.nl or John Cone Email: [email protected] or 2nd Congress on Agricultural and Food Ethicsfrom: BSAS, PO Box 3, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 with the theme ‘‘Two Systems – One World’’ will0RZ, UK. Tel: 1 44-131-445-4508. Fax: 1 44-131- be held from 24-26 August 2000 in Copenhagen,535-3120. Email: [email protected]. http: / Denmark. Information: Ms. A. Ito, Royal Veterinary

˚/www.bsas.org.uk and Agricultural University, Grønnegardrej 8, DK-EAAP 2000 Satellite Symposium on Robotic 1870, Frederiksberg C. Tel: 1 45-3528-3010;

Milking: the Future is Here will be held in The Fax: 1 43-3528-3022. email: [email protected] prior to the EAAP Annual Meeting in www.husdyr.kvl.dk /htm/psa /eursafe.htmThe Hague from 18-19 August 2000. Information: Biodiversity and Dynamics of Ecosystems inDr. Henk Hogeveen. Tel: 1 31-320-293-430. Fax: North Eurasia. A Workshop will be held from 21 to1 31-320-241-584. Email: [email protected] 23 August 2000 in Novosibirsk, Russia. Information:

Elsevier /EAAP Workshop, The Hague 2000 Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk Akadem-on Preparing and Presenting Scientific Papers gorodok, Russia. Email: [email protected] be held in connection with the EAAP meeting World Conference of Organic Farming Associa-at the Netherlands Congress Centre on Saturday 19 tions entitled IFOAM 2000: The World GrowsAugust from 08.30 to 17.30 hours. Information: Organic will be held 25-30 August 2000 withDr Phil Garnsworthy, University of Nottingham. various demonstrations in Basel and Zofingen, Swit-Fax: 1 44 115 951 6060. E-mail: zerland. Information: FIBL, Postfach, [email protected] Frick; Fax: 0041-62/865 72 73. www.ifoam2000.ch

5th Joint EAAP/ASAS Workshop on the Biolo- Plants stand still but their genes don’t. Sym-gy of Lactation in Farm Animals will be held on posium from 29 to 31 August 2000 organized by the19 to 20 August 2000 in The Hague in advance of British Ecological Society, London. Information:the EAAP Meeting. Information: Antonella Baldi, 1 44-20-8871-9797.Animal Nutrition Institute, University of Milan,Trentacoste, 2 20133 Milan, Italy. Fax: 1 39-2-2140745. email: [email protected] Local organizer: SEPTEMBER 2000Kerst Stelwagen, Research Station for Cattle, Sheep Biotechnology 2000. 11th International Biotech-and Horse Husbandry, PO Box 2176, Runderweg 6, nology Symposium and Exhibition will be held8203 AD Lelystad, The Netherlands. Fax: 1 31-320- from 3 to 8 September 2000 in Berlin, Germany.241-584. email: [email protected] Information: Dr. Volker Rosenbaum. Tel: 1 49-69-


7564-249/262. Fax: 1 49-69-7564-201. Email: Early Regulation of Mammalian [email protected] A Symposium organized by the British Society for

XI International Symposium on Disorders of Animal Science will be held from 18-20 Septemberthe Ruminant Digit-III International Conference 2000 in Aberdeen, UK. Information: BSAS, PO Boxon Bovine Lameness will be held from 3 to 7 3, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0RZ, UK. Tel: 1 44-September in Parma, Italy. Information: New Team, 131-445-4508. Fax: 1 44-131-535-3120. Email:Via Ghiretti 2, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Tel: 1 39- [email protected]. http: / /www.bsas.org.uk0521-293913. Fax: 1 39-0521-294036. Email: Biotechnology in the Global Economy: Sciencenewteam,[email protected]. Website: http: / /www.new- and the Precautionary Principle. An Internationalteam.it Conference will be held from 22 to 23 September

Biotechnology in Agriculture: Present and 2000 at Harvard University, Boston, Mass. USA.Future Conference will be held 5 to 7 September Information: Email: derya [email protected]

]2000 at Al-Salt, Jordan. Information: Ghandi The Challenge of Genetic Change in AnimalAnfoka. Tel & Fax: 1 962-5-35-30469. Email: Production. A one-day Symposium will be held [email protected] 27 September 2000 at Stoneleigh, Warwickshire,

The Weaner Pig. A British Society of Animal RASE, UK. Information: Alan Stebbing. Tel: 1 44-Science Meeting will be held at the University of 1203-696-969. Fax: 1 44-1203-696900. Email:Nottingham, UK from 5-7 September 2000. Infor- [email protected]: BSAS, PO Box 3, Penicuik, Midlothian, Fair 2000: European and local breeds of lives-EH26 0RZ, UK. Tel: 1 44-131-445-4508. Fax: tock at Rambouillet, France will be held from 231 44-131-535-3120. Email: [email protected]. September to 3 October 2000 with a Symposium onhttp: / /www.bsas.org.uk 27 September 2000. Information: Mme. S. Lech-

ˆ16th Meeting of the Association Europeenne de evestrier, Pole animal, Etablissement Public NationalTransfert Embryonnaire (AETE) will be held on de Rambouillet, Centre d’Enseignement8-9 September 2000 in Santander, Spain. The meet- Zootechnique, La Bergerie Nationale, Parc du

ˆing will be dedicated to Mr. Robert Cassou. In- Chateau, 78120 Rambouillet, France. Tel: 1 33-01-formation: AETE Secretariat, M.J.Maugie, INRA- 34-83-08-00. Fax: 1 33-01-34-83-07-54.PRMD-37380 Nouzilly, France. Tel: 1 33-2-47-42-79-18. Fax: 1 33-2-47-42-77-43. email: OCTOBER [email protected]. http: / /www.tours.inra.fr / Extension’s Role in Biotechnology Educationtours /general /heberge.htm Symposium will be held from 8 to 10 October 2000

15th Symposium on Energy Metabolism in in Ames, Iowa, USA. Information: ISU Office ofAnimals will be held from 10-16 September 2000 in Biotechnology. Tel: 1 1-515-294-9818. Fax: 1 1-Research Centre Foulum, Denmark. Information: Dr. 515-294-4629. Email: [email protected]. Jakobsen, E-mail: [email protected] or 34th Congress of the International Society forFax: 1 45 89 99 11 66. Animal Ethology (ISAE) will be held from 17 to 20

´6th British Grassland Research Conference will October 2000 in Florianopolis, Brazil on the topicsbe held in Aberdeen, UK from 11-13 September ‘‘Promoting animal welfare in husbandry systems’’2000. Information: BGS, Earley Gate, University of and ‘‘Domestication and ethology of wild animals’’Reading, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK. Tel: 1 44-118- (see page XXX). Information: ISAE2000 c/o Luiz931-8189. Email: [email protected] Carlos Pinheiro Machado F. Universidade Federal de

Cattle Fertility Conference will be held on 12 Santa Catarina, CCA-Departmento de Zootecnia &September 2000 at the University of Nottingham, Desenvolvimento Rural, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346,

´UK. Information: Marilyn Prentice, Cattle Fertility Florianopolis /SC/Brazil 88-034-001. Tel: 1 55-48-Research Group, University of Nottingham, Sutton 331-5356. Fax: 1 55-48-331-5350/331-5400.Bonnington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, Email: [email protected] Website:UK. Tel:. 1 44-115-9516061. Fax: 1 44-115- www.cca.ufsc.br / ISAE20009516069. 6th World Buffalo Congress will be held from 23


to 26 October 2000 in Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. from 8 to 12 January 2001, organized by theInformation: Tel: 1 58-61-482978. Fax: 1 58-61- Mexican Academy of Environmental Law.596100/495056. Email: [email protected] or Information: email: [email protected] [email protected] ramon ojeda [email protected]

] ]International Symposium on Prospects for a Website: www.greenchannel.com/ iceac in spanish

Sustainable Dairy Sector in the Mediterranean, section & http: / /www.mailcity.lycos.comsponsored by EAAP and other organizations, will beheld at Hammamet, Tunisia from 26-29 October APRIL 20012000. Further details are given on page XXX. Improving the Quality of Livestock Products. AInformation: Symposium Secretariat, c /o Mr. Mus- Satellite Symposium to the British Society for Ani-

ˆtapha Guellouz, Office de l’Elevage et des Paturages, mal Science Annual Meeting will be held in April30 Rue Alain Savary, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia. Tel: 2001 in York, UK. Information: Jeff Wood at Tel:1 216-1-793-603/782-960. Fax: 1 216-1-790-795/ 1 44-117-928-9293.787-813. Email: [email protected]

NOVEMBER 2000 JUNE 20015th Global Conference on the Conservation of First Joint Meeting of University Departments

Domestic Animal Resources will be held from 20 to of Animal Sciences of the Balkan Countries will24 November 2000 in Brasilia, Brazil. Further details be held from 6 to 8 June 2001 at Tekirdag, Turkeyare given on page XXX. Information: Arthur (see page XXX). Information: Meeting Secretariat,Mariante da Silva, National Centre for Genetic Trakya University, Department of Animal Science,Resources, EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, Sain Parque 59100 Tekirdag, Turkey. Tel /Fax: 1 90-282-2931-Rural, PO Box 02372, BR 70849-970, Brasilia, 479. Email: animal [email protected]. Tel: 1 55-61-340-3507. Fax: 1 55-61-340- What Price Cheap Food? A Workshop will be3624. Email: [email protected] held in Edinburgh, UK. Information: British Society

3rd African Conference on Animal Production for Animal Science, PO Box 3, Penicuik, Midlothian,and the 11th Conference of the Egyptian Society EH26 0RZ, UK. Tel: 1 44-131-445-4508. Fax:of Animal Production (ESAP) on the theme 1 44-131-535-3120. Email: [email protected] the Utilization of Animal Production http: / /www.bsas.org.ukResources in Africa will be held jointly inAlexandria, Egypt from 6-9 November 2000.Further details are given on page XXX. Informa- JULY 2001ion: Prof. A.H. Barkawi, Egyptian Society of Wildlife Health and Management in Austral-Animal Production, Department of Animal Product- iasia Conference will be held from 2 to 6 July 2001ion, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia. Information: Dr.12613, Egypt. Tel /Fax: 1 202-568-3188/569-4049. Larry Vogelnest, Taronga Zoo, PO Box 20, MosmanEmail: [email protected] or cise@main- NSW 2088 Australia. Fax: 1 61-2-9978-4516.scc.cairo.eun.eg. Home page: esap.org.eg Conference Email: [email protected]: Carlson Wagonlit Travel, 3 Isis Str, off American Society of Animal Science AnnualOrouba Road, Heliopolis 11341, Cairo, Egypt. Tel: Meeting will be held from 24-28 July 2001 in1 202-4175801/12/30. Fax: 1 202-4175847. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. This is a joint meeting

Beef Breeders Round Table will be held from 16 with FASS. Information: Tel: 1 1-301-571-1875.to 18 November 2000 in Bolton, UK Information: Fax: 1 1-301-571-1837. Email: [email protected]@ed.sac.ac.uk

JANUARY 2001 AUGUST 2001World Congress of Environmental Law and 52nd Annual Meeting of EAAP will be held

´Policy will be held at San Jose, Costa Rica in Budapest, Hungary from 26-29 August 2001.


Information from: AgroEurope Organizing Bureau, JULY 2002¨ ¨ ¨H-2100 Godollo, PO Box 8, Hungary. Tel /Fax: American Society of Animal Science Annual

1 36-28-432-988. Email for registration: Meeting will be held from 22-25 July 2002 [email protected] email for Organizing Quebec, Canada with the Canadian Association forCommittee: [email protected] Homepage: http: / Animal Science and the American Dairy Science/www.atk.hu Association.. Information: Tel: 1 1-301-571-1875.

34th International Congress of Physiological Fax: 1 1-301-571-1837. Email: [email protected] will be held from 26 to 31 August 2001 inChristchurch, New Zealand. Information: Conference AUGUST 2002Company, PO Box 90-940, Auckland, New Zealand. 7th World Congress of Genetics Applied toTel: 1 64-9-360-1240. Fax: 1 64-9-360-1242. Livestock Production will be held in Montpellier,Email: [email protected]. http: / /www.iups2001.org.nz France from 19-23 August 2002. Information: Jean-

´Michel Elsen and Vincent Ducrocq, Departement de´ ´SEPTEMBER 2001 Genetique Animale, INRA, BP 27, 31326 Castanet-

Engineering for Livestock Production. A joint Tolosan, France. http: / /wcgalp.toulouse.inra.frmeeting of the British Society for Animal Scienceand the Institution of Agricultural Engineers will be SEPTEMBER 2002held on 11-12 September 2001 at Cambridge, UK. 53rd EAAP Annual Meeting will be held inInformation: BSAS, PO Box 3, Penicuik, Midlothian, Cairo, Egypt in the second half of September 2002.EH26 0RZ, UK. Tel: 1 44-131-445-4508. Fax: Information: Prof. A.H. Barkawi, Department of1 44-131-535-3120. Email: [email protected]. Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairohttp: / /www.bsas.org.uk University, Giza 12613, Egypt. Tel /Fax: 1 202-568-

3188/569-4049. Email: [email protected] 2001 or [email protected]. Home page:

Organic Milk and Meat Production from esap.org.egRuminants. A conference organized by theGreek Society for Animal Production and the NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2002British Society for Animal Science will be held on Responding to the Increasing Global Demand4 to 6 October 2001 in Kastri, Athens. Information: for Animal Products. A meeting will be held inDr. G. Zervas, Agricultural University of Athens, November or December 2002 in Mexico jointly byDept. of Animal Nutrition, Athens, Greece. Tel: the University of Merida, Mexico and the British1 30-1529-4411. Fax: 1 30-1529-4413. email: Society for Animal Science. Information BSAS, [email protected] or Dr. Ilias Kyriazakis email: Box 3, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0RZ, UK. Tel:[email protected] 1 44-131-445-4508. Fax: 1 44-131-535-3120.

Email: [email protected]. http: / /www.bsas.org.uk

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