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E3T Efficiency Emerging Technologies Commercial HVAC ...
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Commercial HVACEmerging Technologies
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Emerging Technologies ShowcaseCommercial HVAC Webinar #2April 14, 2015
Welcome. Today’s webinar is being recorded and will be posted at:• www.E3Tnw.org• www.ConduitNW.org
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
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NOTE: Today’s presentation is beingrecorded and will be available at
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E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
Variable Capacity Heat Pumps(VCHP – VRF, VRV, DHP…)
Jonathan HellerEcotope
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF)Variable Split System Heat Pumps
April 14, 2015
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Presentation Overview
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF) andVariable Split System Heat Pumps
1. Present Range of VCHP Equipment2. Present Features of VCHP that Enable Highly
Efficient System Designs3. Case Studies of Efficient and Inefficient Buildings4. Make Case for Design-based Savings as Opposed
to Widget-based Savings for VCHP Systems
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Variable Capacity Heat Pumps (VCHP)
1. Outdoor Compressor Unit2. Refrigerant distribution System3. Indoor Heating/Cooling Dist. System
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Outdoor Compressor Units
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Refrigerant Distribution System
R-410a
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Heat Recovery 2 vs. 3-pipe
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Indoor Units
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Fan Coil Energy Use
165
120
8 15 15
96 85
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
PSC Fan Coil ECM Fan Coil VRF WallCassette
VRF CeilingCassette
VRF FloorCassette
VRF LowProfileDucted
VRF MediumStatic
Ducted
Wat
ts
Fan Coil Type
(Fan Watts for delivery of 8000 Btuh cooling)
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Variable Speed Split System Heat Pumps
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Electric Heat and Duct Losses
“Box Only” Efficiency
COP ~ 2.7 vs. 2.2
23% Improvement
“System” Efficiency
COP ~ 1.8 vs. 1.5
20% Improvement
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R-410a: No Need for Back-up or Reheat
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Move Away from Large Central HVAC Systems
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Towards Smaller Zonal Systems
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Move Away from All-In-One HVAC Systems
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Towards Dedicated Ventilation Systems
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Right-Size Mechanical Systems
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Smaller Equipment
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EUI of Seattle Fire Stations
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
kBtu
/sf-y
r
Seattle Median (97)
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Why are New Stations so Inefficient?
• Continuous ducted central fansystems
• Ventilation at 3x ASHRAE 62• No heat recovery, electric heat on
ventilation air
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Ecotope Case Studies
0102030405060708090
100
2003 CBECS 2008 CBSA 1980s MPR 2002-2004Baseline
KCHA RFM
EUI:
kBtu
/sf-y
r
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Rice Fergus Miller Office: Bremerton, WA
EUI = 21
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Now What?
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Load Reduction Measures
1. Insulation2. Daylighting3. VRF Heat Pumps4. Heat recovery ventilation5. Operable windows – Passive/Active
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Non-Heat Recovery Heat Pump
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Fan Energy Load Reduction:Ceiling Fans vs. Ducts to Move Air
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End Use Reductions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CBECS Avg. Office RFM
CoolingHeatingPumpsFansDHWLightsExt UsagePlugs, Elev, Misc.
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Heating Load ~ 12 tons (1350 sf/ton)
Cooling Load ~ 22 Tons (850 sf/ton)
Smaller Mechanical Systems
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Construction Costs breakdown ($/sf)Fire
Protection$1.97
Electrical$17.11
HVAC $9.75
Plumbing$4.83
EverythingElse $71.34
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LEED Platinum
EUI = 21
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King County Housing Authority: Tukwila, WA
EUI = 26
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1980’s Level Envelope
• R-11 Walls
• R-20 Roof
• Uninsulated Slab
• U-0.4 Double Glaze
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No Economizers
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No Direct Digital Controls
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High Efficiency Lights & Plugs
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2-Pipe VRF with Heat Recovery
48 Tons3 Outdoor Units36 Ductless Units14 Ducted Units50 Zones Total1.33 Ratio Indoor/Outdoor Units
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DOAS via High Efficiency ERV
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High Performance, Low Cost
Lights32%
Computers28%Misc.
15%
ERV Fans6%
Heat12%
Cool7%
Energy End Use (EUI 26 kBtu/sf-yr)
HVAC, $14Electric,
$13
Plumbing,$2
Fire, $2
Other, $64
KCHA Construction Budget ($95/sf)
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System Comparison (KCHA)
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Summary – Variable Speed Splits
• Energy Savings
• Non-Energy Benefits
• Technology Readiness
• Ease of Adoption
• Value
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Summary – VRF
• Energy Savings
• Non-Energy Benefits
• Technology Readiness
• Ease of Adoption
• Value
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35 26 19 18
58
42
7 4
0102030405060708090
100
2003 CBECSAvg. Office
Seattle Avg.Office
KCHA Rice FergusMiller Office
EUI (
kBtu
/sf-y
r)Lights, Plugs, Misc. HVAC
Energy Savings
** Design-Based vs. Widget-Based Approach
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Non-Energy Benefits
• Smaller equipment and distribution systemspossible. Enables lower floor-to-floor heightsand easier retrofit.
• Greater individual zone control possible• Pre-manufactured systems allow for easier
installation, coordination, commissioning• Quiet
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Technology Readiness
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Ease of Adoption
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Value
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Questions?
Jonathan Heller
Principal [email protected]
E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies
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Criteria
1) How significant and reliable are the energy savings per unit?
2) How great are the non-energy advantages for the end userfor adopting this technology?
3) How ready are the products(s) and providers to scale up forwidespread use in the Pacific Northwest?
4) How easy is it for the end user to change to the proposedtechnology?
5) Considering all costs and all benefits, how good of a buy isthis technology for the owner?