E10 dec1 2010

December 1, 2010

Grammar: Subject and Object PronounsWriting: Comparison and Contrast

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QUICK REVIEW

Every sentence has a subject and verb, and often has an object.

Maya smiled at Cindy. s v o

Subject = the person or thing doing the action.Object = the person or thing receiving the

action.

Subject and Object Pronouns (p.477)

So, pronouns have different forms depending on whether they are acting as subjects or objects in the sentence.

Maya smiled at her. s v o

She smiled at Cindy. s v o

Subject and Object Pronouns (p.477)

Subject Pronouns Object PronounsI Me

You You He HimShe HerIt It

We UsThey Them

Subject Pronouns (p.477)

• Let’s look at the example sentences for subject pronouns on p. 477 . . .

Subject Pronoun Rules (p.478)

1. Use a subject pronoun when you have a compound subject:

NOT: Scott and me went to the movie. xBUT: Scott and I went to the movie.

TIP: Try out each pronoun by itself in the sentence to see which one sounds right:

Me went to the movie, OR I went to the movie?


2. Use a subject pronoun after forms of the verb be:(am, is, was, were, has been, and have been)

NOT: It was me who stole the money. xBUT: It was I who stole the money.

TIP: to avoid these awkward sounding sentences, you can reword them.

I stole the money.I was the one who stole the money.


3. Use subject pronouns after than or as: NOT: You drive much better than him. xBUT: You drive much better than he (drives).

Object Pronouns (p.479)

• Let’s look at the examples of object pronouns on p. 479 . . .

When two objects follow a verb, use the object pronoun:

NOT: She helped my sister and I. xBUT: She helped my sister and me.

TIP: To check which pronoun sounds right, omit (leave out) the first object.

She helped I, OR She helped me?

Activity 1, p. 479

1. Underline the correct pronoun.2. Then circle “S” or “O” to indicate what type

of pronoun it is.

Number 1 is done for you! Do as many as you can in the next ten minutes.

Activity 1, p. 479

1. done 2. me - object3. she – subject 4. we - subject5. we – subject 6. them – object 7. she - subject8. me - object9. he - subject10. me - object

Comparison and Contrast, p. 222-232

• Compare – show how things are similar• Contrast – show how things are different

In both cases, the things being compared or contrasted should be of the same type:

• two products,• two jobs,• two friends, etc.


• There are two possible ways to organize a compare/contrast paragraphs.

• Turn to p. 222 and 223.


How is each paragraph organized?

My Senior Prom

1. All about the dream2. All about the reality

This type of organization is called “block” or “one side at a time”


Day versus Evening Students

1. Characteristics of day studentsCharacteristics of evening students

2. Responsibilities of day studentsResponsibilities of evening students

3. Attitude of day studentsAttitude of evening students.

This type of organization is known as “point by point.”


Whether you chose “one side at a time”

A – point 1, 2, and 3B – point 1, 2, and 3

or “point by point”point 1 – A; Bpoint 2 – A; Bpoint 3 – A; B

Make sure you keep the order of comparison consistent all the way through!


You can see this structure in detail if you turn to p. 224 and 225.

Activity 1, p. 226-227

1. Topic Sentence: In the three years since my parents’ divorce, I have changed from a spoiled brat to a reasonably normal college student.

a. Before the divorce (spoiled brat)

1) My mother did the housework (I didn’t!)

2) I expected money for everything he wanted

b. After the divorce (normal college student)

1) I had to help with the housework

2) I got a part-time job for his expenses

This paragraph uses one side at a time (block) development.

Activity 1, p. 226-227

2. Topic Sentence: A good horror movie is easily distinguished from a bad one.

a. Kinds of victims

1) Good - male and female victims - equal

2) Bad - only females are victims

b. Effect on audience

1) Good - sympathy for the victims

2) Bad - aggressive and might sympathize for killer/monster

c. Tone

1) Good - sense of humour

2) Bad - humourless

This paragraph uses point by point development.

Questions, p. 229-230

1 – Mike and Helen2 – Two views on toys3 – Two views on toys4 – My broken dream5 – one side at a time (block)– point by point6 – Mike and Helen

In-class Practice

Topic: Eating at home vs. eating at restaurants

1. We need to decide whether we will compare (show similarities) or contrast (show differences).

Our Choice: Contrast (show differences)

In-class Practice

Topic: Eating at home vs. eating at restaurants

2. We need to write a topic sentence that makes it cleara) what two things are being compared, andb) whether they are similar or different

Possible topic sentences:1. Eating at restaurants is a much different experience than

eating at home.2. Eating at restaurants is more enjoyable than eating at home.3. Eating at home is better than eating at restaurants.

3. Brainstorm several points that could support your topic sentences.

- different in cost - different in how much we know about what we’re eating - different in hygiene-different in health benefits -different in atmosphere-different in convenience-different in variety-different in time spent with family/socializing-different in relaxation-different in privacy

4. Now pick your three strongest points to develop in more detail (see next few slides).

NOTE: I accidentally deleted the original brainstorming we did in class, so this is from memory. Apologies if your points do not appear here!

In-class Practice

In-class Practice

-Point 1: Different in atmosphere--restaurant – light, music, decoration, maybe dancing, relaxing-home – boring, kids screaming, tv on, busy, phone rings, dog under table

In-class Practice

-Point 2: Different in convenience-restaurant –no preparation, no cooking, no shopping, fast, no dishes to wash-others serve you-home – shop, plan, prepare, cook, clean-you serve your family and then you eat

In-class Practice

-Point 3: Different in varietyrestaurant – go to different restaurants, choose from menu, different atmospheres/views, different dining companionshome – get stuck in a rut eating the same few dishes or leftovers, same recipes, same atmosphere, same people

In-class Practice

5. Now, we need to decide how to organize our paragraph:

“one side at a time”restaurants – point 1, 2, and 3home – point 1, 2, and 3

or “point by point”point 1 –restaurants; homepoint 2 – restaurants; homepoint 3 – restaurants; home

Individual Practice – Prewriting/Outline

1. Read the topics in Writing Assignment 1, p. 233.2. Choose a topic3. Decide to compare or contrast4. Write a topic sentence5. Brainstorm some points to support it6. Choose the strongest three points7. Jot down some supporting details for each point 8. Arrange all of this information in a rough outline – point-by-point – one-side at a time

9. Write your name on the top left corner.10. Hand in your outline (DO NOT WRITE THE PARAGRAPH!!)

Homework

Check the website for extra practice on• Pronoun agreement and reference• Subject and Object Pronouns

E10 dec1 2010

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