E NDOCRINE S YSTEM Glands, Hormones, and intercellular communication.
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Transcript of E NDOCRINE S YSTEM Glands, Hormones, and intercellular communication.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEMGlands, Hormones, and intercellular communication
WHAT IS A HORMONE?
Similar, sometimes identical substances that have a similar mechanism of action wherever they’re produced.
WHY ARE HORMONES IMPORTANT?
Regulate Homeostasis Keeps everything
balanced
Regulate function of other body systems i.e. structural/skeletal
Bone formation i.e. digestive system
metabolism i.e. reproductive system
menstrual cycle
HOW DO HORMONES WORK ANYWAY?
Endogenous substance
Made by a cell or gland
Travels to target cells via the bloodstream Enter the cell by
endocytosis or… Binds and initiates a
response
Sonic Hedgehog“faster than the naked eye!”
WHAT ARE SOME CAUSES OF HORMONE IMBALANCE?
Genetic:
Genes may not function Proteins may not be
synthesized correctly Ex. Myostatin Protein Ex. Collagen Production
Dude looks like a lady!
MY, OH MY, OH MYOSTATIN! Protein that inhibits muscle growth
Mighty Mouse!
I’ll have what he’s havin!!!
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE SYSTEM
Gland: Structure that synthesizes a product to be exported from the cells.
Endocrine glands: NO DUCTS!
Exocrine glands: DUCTS!
i.e. sweat, oil for hair/skin Move substances to a body organ or to the
surface
LET’S MEET THE GLANDS THAT MAKE THE MAGIC HAPPEN!
THE PITUITARY GLAND
Posterior: Oxytocin: Uterine Contractions Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Controls blood fluid volume Targets the kidneys More water is removed from urine
Anterior: Melanocyte stimulation growth hormone
Growth Hypo= Dwarfism Hyper= GIGANTISM!
A QUICK STORY ABOUT LIFE, LOVE, AND FROG PITUITARY GLANDS!
Xenopus laevis “The African Clawed Frog” Hypophysectomy
THYROID GLAND: G. THYREOS=SHIELD
Affects almost every physiological process in your body
Looks like a butterfly landed on your windpipe
2 lobes connected by isthmus Think “isthmus of Panama!”
THYROID CONTINUED:
Main duties of the thyroid: Regulate cellular metabolism Regulate cellular respiration Rate cells use glucose Rate of glycogen breakdown Maintains 98.6 Regulate growth Stimulate mental processes THE LIST CONTINUES!
THYROID PROBLEMS
Thyroid Cancer Goiter Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism: Underproduction of thyroid hormone Leads to Weight Gain
Hyperthyroidism: Overproduction of thyroid hormoneLeads to Weight Loss
INTERMISSION! LET’S RELAX A MINUTE!
ADRENAL GLAND
Located on top of kidneys “Ad”= “renal”= Produces
Epinephrine a.k.a.-
Fight or Flight! What happens when
the fight or flight response is activated?
MOOORTALLL COMMBAAAAAATT!!!TEST YOUR MIGHT!
Eyes:
Lungs:
Bowel:
Blood Vessels:
Saliva:
Skin:
Heart:
Stomach:
Muscles:
TESTES/OVARIES
Testes produce estrogen Ovaries produce testosterone
Both lead to development of secondary sex characteristics
TESTOSTERONE
ESTROGEN
HORMONE MANIPULATION: REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Testosterone High Levels: Men
Increased Sex Drive Increased Muscle Mass
Low Levels: Men
Estrogen High Levels: Women
Decreased Sex Drive Decreased Muscle Mass
Low Levels: Women
Hormone replacement therapy may be used to combat these symptoms! OR . . . .
It can do other stuff!