EMERGENCY CARE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM INJURIES العضلي الجهاز إلصابات الطوارئ رعايةالهيكلي

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

MECHANISMS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES OCCURRENCE

Direct Force ( مباشرة :(قوةForce applied directly to the body.

Indirect Force ( مباشرة غير :(قوةForce transferred from original body site

along an extremity (طرف) to another point.Example: After falling on outside stretched

hands.

Twisting Force: Part of the body is forced to move in

unnatural direction ( طبيعي غير .(اتجاهSuch injuries are often seen in football and

skiing (تزلج) accidents where a person's foot is caught (حشرC Cلتوى) and twisted (ت (تwith enough forces to fracture a leg bone.

Force of Powerful Muscle Actions: Example: A violent cough ( عنيف may (سعال

cause rib fracture ( ضلع .(كسر

Aging and Bone Disease: They can increase the risk of fractures

(pathologic fractures), with bones breaking even minor accidents.

TYPES OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

A. Fractures

B. Dislocations ( انخالعات | (ُخCلوع

C. Sprains (التواءات)

D. Muscle Injuries

A. FRACTURES

A fracture is a break in the continuity of the bone.

Types of Bone FracturesA. Closed (Simple) Fracture: The

break that does not penetrate ( ال.the skin (تخترق

B. Open (Compound مركب ) Fracture: The broken bone penetrates through the skin.

C. Complicated مضاعف : This can occur when either an open or closed fracture causes further injury.

Example: broken bone that cuts a blood vessel or punctures the lung.

إلى |هناككسر، الباإلضافة و األجزاء بنية تغير إصابةفي تلف هناك يكون فقد به المحيطة األعضاء أو

األعصاب أو األوردة أو الشرايين

FRACTURES ACCORDING TO THEIR APPEARANCE ON THE X-RAY PICTURES

االخضر العود كسر

متفتت كسر

حلزوني لولبي كسر

ضغطي كسر

B. DISLOCATIONS

One or more bones at joint displaced ( مCزاحين أو from (مCزاحnormal position.

The dislocation occurs because the ligaments holding the bones are torn. However, the dislocation, sometimes, can be accompanied by bone fractures or other injuries.

The victim might not be able to use the joint due to pain and/or structural damages (e.g., nearby nerves and vessels may be injured).

C. SPRAINS

A sprain (التواء) is a stretched or torn ligament .at a joint (رباط)Ligaments are tissues that connect bones

at a joint. The sprain typically occurs when a joint is

over-twisted ( مفرط بشكل .(ملتوية Sprains usually affect the ankles (الكاحلين),

knees, wrists (المعصمين), and fingers.

Considerable swelling often occurs rapidly.

D. MUSCLE INJURIES

Strain is one type of muscle injuries. A strain ( إجهاد أو is a stretched or torn (توتر

muscle or tendon (وتر). Tendons are tissues that connect muscle to bone.

Twisting or pulling these tissues (i.e., muscles or tendons) can cause a strain.

Other types of muscle injuries are muscle cramps (تشنجات) and contusions ( رضوض .(وكدمات

Muscle injuries, usually, are less serious than fractures and joint injuries.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

At the site of the injury: (1) Pain, (2) Swelling and discoloration, (3) Tenderness , اللمس عند ألم

(4) Loss of movement or feeling, and/or (5) Deformity تشوه

With severe bleeding, hemorrhagic (hypovolemic) shock syndrome may occur.

MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

Perform standard assessment to the scene. Ask the victim about what happened and

what he (she) felt, and what he (she) is feeling at the time of assessment. If large forces involved, consider potential

for spinal injury. Request immediate medical treatment if you

noticed no circulation, no breathing, or possible nerve damage.

Expose injury site. Follow the R I C E protocol:

Rest ( ر�ح�� .(أ

Prevent movement of the injured site by stabilizing it manually Movement of the injured site can causes further

injury, pain, and/or swelling. Bone movement around the injured site may

injure soft tissues. Further, movement around the injured site

generally increases blood flow. The increased blood flow may increase the risk of internal bleeding and/or swelling.

Allow the victim to be in a comfortable position.

Ice (د �ر� .(بApply cold pack. Compress (اضغط).Cover open wounds with sterile dressing.Apply a tourniquet above the injury site to

prevent further blood loss. Elevate (ارفع).To prevent further blood loss.

After dealing with life-threatening conditions:A. A. Identify and immobilize all fractures by

splinting ( جبائر .(وضعB. When splinting an injured site, support

above and below injury.

C. After applying the splint(s): Check the pulse or the circulation distal

(away) from the injury site.

Check the skin color and temperature distal (away) from the injury site.

Inquire if the victim feels touch, tingling sensation or numbness distal (away) from the injury site.

Assess if the victim is able to mobilize the body distal (away) from the injury site.

SPLINTSA splint is a device used to immobilize a fracture.

BENEFITS OF SPLINTING

It helps prevent further injury. It reduces pain. It minimizes bleeding and swelling.

TYPES OF SPLINTS

Rigid Splints Soft Splints Air Splints (Inflatable Splints) Anatomic Splints

Rigid Splint. Board. Plastic or metal. Rolled newspaper or

magazine. Thick cardboard.

Soft Splint Pillow. Folded blanket or towel. Triangular bandage folded

into sling.

Anatomic Splint. Bandage injured leg

or finger to uninjured one.