E mancipation
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Transcript of E mancipation
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Emancipation
• Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which led to the 13th Amendment, freeing enslaved Americans
• The emancipation proclaimed that all enslaved people in the states controlled b the Confederacy were free.
• “If I could save the Union w/o freeing any slave, I would do it; If I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery,… I do because it helps to save the Union.”-Letter to Horace Greeley, Newspaper Publisher Aug. 1862.
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Shift in Public Opinion• If Lincoln could free the slaves,
it would help the North to win the war-Slaves in Confederate states were put to work helping the south win (Growing food, digging trenches).
• 5 days after Antietam, Sept. 22, 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
• Signed into law Jan 1, 1863• “All persons held as slaves
within any state…in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”
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Effects of the Proclamation• Britain and France withheld their
support for recognition for the Confederacy
• The 13th Amendment was passed and this is what truly freed the slaves in America.
• African Americans join the war effort
• 1862-Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the US Army.
• 15% of Navy and 10% of Army-• 200,000 served and 37,000 lost
their lives
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54th Massachusetts
• All Black regiment led by a white abolitionist-Robert Shaw
• Fort Wagner-50% casualty rate
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Women in the War
• Harriet Tubman-underground railroad/spy• Belle Boyd-spy for the South• Rose O’Neal Greenhow-spy for the South• Loretta Janeta Velazquez-Fought at Bull Run and
Shiloh• Dorothea Dix-work with prisoners and disabled• Clara Barton-Nursing-American Red Cross• Sally Tompkins-hospital in South
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Opposition to the War
• The Copperheads-Because they’d bite you just like the poisonous snake
• Copperheads are Peace Democrats. Spoke up whenever the Union lost a battle
• Lincoln suspends the right of Habeas Corpus (rights to a trial)
• Draft laws-could hire a substitute or pay $300.00
• Draft riots in NYC-Killed 100 people
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The Tide of War Turns
• Winter of 1862-1863 saw gloom in the North and hope in the South
• Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia seemed unbeatable
• Lee’s Strategy against weak Union Generals• Lee wins at Fredericksburg VA-huge losses by the North.
Lee wins at Chancellorsville VA. • Big losses on both sides but Lee loses his most trusted
General-Stonewall Jackson
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The Battle of Gettysburg
• If Lee could win on northern soil, maybe Britain and France would recognize and aid the Confederacy
• July 1, 2, and 3, 1863• Union stumble across Rebels looking for shoes• Cemetery Ridge• Little Roundtop• Picketts Charge-The Union wins and the South has
reached its “high water mark”• Win in Vicksburg, Miss. By General Grant-Union now
holds all of Mississippi River
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Final Phases of War
• War would go another 2 years• The Anaconda Plan-Block the South• Sherman’s March to the Sea-Total War-50 miles
wide-captured Savannah Georgia• Sherman’s Bowties, destruction and salting the fields• Lincoln wins election 1864 because of huge wins in
the South• Second Inaugural Address-”With Malice towards
none”• Richmond falls-Lee withdraws and burns the town
as they leave• Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865. Lee
surrenders to Grant
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Aftermath Continued
• Lincoln shot at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865 “Black Friday”. He dies the next morning
• 620,000 Deaths• Most devastation in South-Railroads, bridges,
cities in complete ruin
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Reconstruction
• Reconstruction-Time to build the South and test the freedoms given to slaves
• The Freedman’s Bureau-Created by Congress to help slaves adjust to freedom
• Before entering back into the Union, a state had to denounce secession and end slavery. States also had to ratify the 13th Amendment
• Southern riots by whites to intimidate new free African Americans
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Black Codes
• Black Codes were laws passed to limit freedoms of blacks in South-”Slavery in disguise”
• Blacks could not own or rent farms• Radical Republicans took charge and
challenged Johnson’s authority• 14th Amendment passed in 1866 to grant full
citizenship to African Americans
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Radical Reconstruction