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E M bilität Ch d H f d E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen für Automobilzuliefererfür Automobilzulieferer
05. Feb. 2013 | TU Braunschweig Dr.-Ing. Dirk Hoheisel
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.1
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
A dAgenda
Introduction Bosch Group
Market trends and success factors
Systems and implementationsSyste s a d p e e tat o s
Chances and challenges
Summary
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.2
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
O hi t tOwnership structure
R b t B h Stift G bHRobert Bosch Stiftung GmbH92% share of equity
No voting rights
Bosch Family7% h f i d
Robert BoschI d t i t h d KG7% share of equity and
7% voting rightsIndustrietreuhand KG
93% voting rights
Robert Bosch GmbH1% share of equity
No voting rightsNo voting rights
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.3
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B h G k fi
2010 2011
Bosch Group key figures
2012*2010
47 3
2011
51 5Total sales [EUR bn]
2012*
52 3
77
47.3
77
51.5Total sales [EUR bn]
Sales outside Germany [%] 77
52.3
283 500
113 620
302 500
118 800
Number of associates
in Germany
306 200
119 300113 620
169 880
118 800
183 700outside Germany
in Germany 119 300
186 900
3.8 4.2R & D expenditure [EUR bn] ~4.5
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*) 2012 preliminary figures
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
Di t ib ti f l b b i t 2012*Distribution of sales by business sector, 2012*
t t l EUR 52 3 bConsumer Goods andBuilding Technology
total: EUR 52.3 bn
26 %EUR 13.4 bn
Industrial TechnologyAutomotive Technology59 %
Industrial Technology
15 %EUR 8.0 bnEUR 30.9 bn
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*) 2012 preliminary figures
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
A dAgenda
Introduction Bosch Group
Market trends and success factors
Systems and implementationsSyste s a d p e e tat o s
Chances and challenges
Summary
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.6
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
M k t t ti f EV / HEV / PHEVMarket penetration of EV / HEV / PHEVE-Mobilität - Chancen und Legislative framework Customer requirements
• Mobility needs• Willingness to pay
Herausforderungen• CO2 fleet emission targets (EU, CN)• Fleet consumption targets (CAFE)
Legislative framework Customer requirements
• Image associated with vehicle• Reduction of fuel consumption
• Fleet consumption targets (CAFE)• EV/PHEV fleet share targets (CARB)
EV / HEV / PHEV market volume
i i h l
market volume
• Advances in reduction of emissions • R&D subsidies
Government incentives Technology
and consumption of ICE vehicles• Cost, range, reliability, and comfort
• Direct subsidies • Fleet purchasing programs
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EV: electric vehicle; HEV: hybrid electric vehicle; PHEV: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
P t i k t d l t 2020Powertrain market development 202078 115104
Sales PC & LCV<6t (mio. vehicles) *
EV
EVCNG/LPG
0 9
CNG/LPG:1
EV3
PHEV3
22.227.6
EVPHEVHEVCNG/LPG
HEV/PHEV4
EV0.1
0.9HEV
6
103 355 457.2
7.8CNG/LPGGDIPFIDiesel
HEV/PHEV 1.1
76.7
98.4 103.351.4
55.4Pure ICE
17.827.023.7
* Prognosis RB2011 20202015
In 2020 ~10 % of global passenger car sales to EV/PHEV/HEV
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EV: electric vehicle; HEV: hybrid electric vehicle; PHEV: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle CNG: compressed natural gas; LPG: liquid petroleum gas; GDI: gasoline direct injection; PFI: port fuel injection; ICE: internal combustion engine
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
N t l i th f Natural gas – in the focus
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal
Future market shares of natural gas might be underestimated
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
CO d ti t ti l li / CNGCO2 reduction potential gasoline / CNGBasis: Compact Class (1400kg); NEDC (New European Driving Cycle)
Gasoline (and also diesel) powertrains still with further CO2-reduction potential even w/o electrification. CNG could be a cost efficient alternative.
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.10PFI Port Fuel Injection; DI Direct Injection; DZ Downsizing; Hom Homogenous
even w/o electrification. CNG could be a cost efficient alternative.
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
P t i di it d Powertrain diversity and convergence
gasolinegasoline
EV / range extender
gasoline
gasoline
dieseldiesel
EV / batterygasoline
diesel
diesel
alternativeEV (battery /
fuel cell)alternative
fuels
EV / fuel celldiesel
fuels
hybrid
hybrid
hybridEV / range extender
1997 2015 future
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HCCI: homogenous charge compression ignition; EV: electric vehicle
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
I t di t St t l t i d i iIntermediate Steps to pure electric drivingMild Hybrid Strong Hybrid Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Electric Power 5 – 15 kW 20 – 60 kW 40 – 80 kW 15 – 150 kW
Voltage 100 – 150 V 250 V 350 V 400 V
Battery type medium power high power high energy
Energy 0,6 – 1,8 kWh 5 – 15 kWh > 15 kWh
C ll i 5 Ah 20 40 Ah 40 60 AhCell size 5 Ah 20 – 40 Ah 40 – 60 Ah
FunctionStart/Stop regenerative braking, torque supportfuel reduction 15%
same as Mild HEV+ El.-driving
fuel reduction 25%
same as Strong HEV+ grid charging
fuel reduction 65%
pureelectric driving
el
Fuel
fuel reduction 15% fuel reduction 25% fuel reduction 65% electric driving
Fuel
no F
uel
Fu
Hybrid as bridge technology from conventional to electric vehicle
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
Ch ll V l tilit f th k t Power-SplitAxle SplitParallel Serial(-Parallel)
Challenge: Volatility of the market Torque SplitMany
ways one goal
devel. /investig. w/ DCT or CVT
PriusTouareg / Cayenne 3008 Volt/ C o C
OEMfocus
EVEV@REX
focus
EV@REX
Effectson OEM
Diversified development strategy & wide range of system know howo O& supplier
$ Broad product spectrum to operate different systems Production sites in the region
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REX: range extender; DCT: dual clutch transmission; CVT: continuously variable transmission
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
Gl b l t ti R&D l ti d Global automotive R&D locations and resources ChinaWestern Europe
CO reduction • “high value”• electrification• fuel consumption
• CO2 reduction • driving pleasure• active safety
Asia Pacific w/o India 13 3,500Europe 24 17,700
North America• emission reduction• “value for money”
Americas 9 1,900Japand i i f t
Indiat ffi i
South Americaethanol / flexfuel
• driving comfort• hybridization
• cost efficiency• low-price-vehicle• two-wheeler
R&D it ith 50 i t R&D i t i i
India 4 6,300
country with one or more R&D sites.
• ethanol / flexfuel
R&D sites with ≥ 50 associates R&D associates in regionAs of June 2012
Diversified development with 50 engineering centers in 17 countries
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
A dAgenda
Introduction Bosch Group
Market trends and success factors
Systems and implementationsSyste s a d p e e tat o s
Chances and challenges
Summary
C/OFE43 | 1/10/2013 | 13-002 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2013. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.15
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
E bilit i th tE-mobility requires more than components
Powertrain components
Charger Inverter Electric motor Control Unit
Battery
High-voltage battery
E-Mobilität -Chancen und HerausforderunRegenerativebraking system
Charginginfrastructure
Automotive workshop
Eco-routing
genCharge spots Navigation Diagnostics
Bosch core competence: Systems Integration
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
2010 W ld’ fi t t ll l h b id ith IMG2010: World’s first strong parallel hybrid with IMG
Clutch 1 Clutch 2 (T/Con)
VW Touareg / Porsche Cayenneengine
e machine IMG AT VW Touareg / Porsche Cayenne• Gasoline Engine V6 3,6 TFSI 245 kW /440Nm
• Electrical Drive 38 kW / 300 Nm
e-machine: IMG
Electrical Drive 38 kW / 300 Nm
• ECE consumption ~8,2 l / 100km
Bosch Components for eDrive System
E-Machine: - IMG 300mm
Power Electronics: - INVCONDI-Motronic MED17, clutch, clutch actuation and
SW for engine hybrid management and clutch control
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SW for engine, hybrid management and clutch control
IMG: integrated motor generator; INVCON: inverter with DC/DC converter
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
M d f ti P ll l h b idModes of operation: Parallel hybrid
Tank
Conventional Driving with Combustion EngineConventional Driving with Combustion Engine
Torque Support by ETorque Support by E--MachineMachine
E-machine/ TransmissionGenerator
Combustion engine
+ -DC/AC
Inverter
+Battery
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
M d f ti P ll l h b idModes of operation: Parallel hybrid
Tank
Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking
TransmissionE-machine/
Combustion engineGenerator
+ -DC/AC
Inverter
+Battery
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
M d f ti P ll l h b idModes of operation: Parallel hybrid
Tank
Pure Electrical Driving with EPure Electrical Driving with E--MachineMachine
E-machine/ TransmissionGenerator
Combustion engine
+ -DC/AC
Inverter
+Battery
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B h D i C tBosch eDrive Components
E-Machine: IMG 300
Power Electronics: INVCONVoltage Range: up to 400 V DCPeak Current: 370 A
max. speed: 6.700 rpmmax. speed (shorttime): 8.500 rpmPeak-Power: 38 kWPeak-Torque: 300 NmPeak Current: 370 A
Cont. Current: 300 ADC/DC-Power: 3,0 kWWeight: 13 kg373 x 250 x 154 mm (w/ connectors)
Weight: 34 kg(without clutch 14 kg and cable 2 kg)Concentric windings / Integrated clutchPosition sensors: 3 x digital hall sensoren
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373 x 250 x 154 mm (w/ connectors) g
IMG: integrated motor generator; INVCON: inverter with DC/DC converter
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
2011 W ld’ fi t l lit di l h b id2011: World’s first axle split diesel hybrid
reareDrive
engine
clutch
Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4BASM AMT
EDTM Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4• Diesel Engine 2.0 HDI 120 kW
• Electrical Drive 27 KW / 200 Nm
EDTM
Electrical Drive 27 KW / 200 Nm
• ECE consumption ~3,8 l / 100km
Bosch Components for eDrive System
E-Machine: - SMG 180mm
- SMG 138mm
Power Electronics: - INV2CON
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SMG: separate motor generator; INV2CON: dual inverter with DC/DC converter
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
P t 3008 H b id4 A l lit h b idPeugeot 3008 Hybrid4: Axle split hybridInternalInternal
CombustionEngine
High VoltageBattery
Front eDrive: BASMBelt Alternator Starter Machine
Rear eDrive: EDTMRear eDrive: EDTMElectrical Drive Train Machine HPCU:
Hybrid Power Electronics and Control Unit
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Source: “The Electric Axle-Hybrid System made by PSA and Bosch”(PSA: Chehab, Le Neindre, Deutrich; Bosch: Küsell, Willke, Barth, Lichtermann)
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
M d f tiModes of operationZEV Mode
A l tiZEV Mode
D l tiAcceleration Deceleration
N SN SN SN S N SN SN SN S
Improved Longitudinal PerformancesAdded up power of ICE (118 kW i.e. 163 HP)
Sport Mode
eAWD Modep p ( )
and rear motor (27 kW i.e 37 HP) for a total of 200 HP
N SN SN SN SN
SN
S
NS
NS
NNNN NN
Access to 4WDmotivity ability to Take-off
on low adherence roads (snowyor muddy roads) for slopes up to 25%
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or muddy roads) for slopes up to 25%Source: “The Electric Axle-Hybrid System made by PSA and Bosch”
(PSA: Chehab, Le Neindre, Deutrich; Bosch: Küsell, Willke, Barth, Lichtermann)ZEV: zero emission vehicle
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B h D i C tBosch eDrive ComponentsEDTM: SMG 180/120Low inertia high speed: 7 500 rpmBASM: SMG 138/80 Low inertia, high speed: 7.500 rpmPeak-Power: 27 kWContinuous: 11 kWPeak-Torque: 200 NmWeight 30 kg
/Low inertia, high speed: 15.080 rpmPeak-Power: 8,5 kWContinuous: 7,5 kWPeak-Torque: 52 Nm Weight: 30 kg
Distributed windingsPosition sensor Resolver
Peak Torque: 52 NmWeight: 11 kgConcentric windings
HPCU: INV2CONVoltage Range: 150V – 270V DCg gPeak Current: 340 / 120 ACont. Current: 150 / 60 ADC/DC-Power: 2,5 kW310 x 190 x 156 mm (w/ connectors)
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310 x 190 x 156 mm (w/ connectors)
SMG: separate motor generator; INV2CON: dual inverter with DC/DC converter; HPCU: hybrid power electronics and control unit; BASM: belt alternator starter machine; EDTM: electrical drive train machine
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
P d l f HEV & EV i tPower modules for HEV- & EV- inverterDC/AC-Inverter/focus: costs, power-density,
box-volume, weight power-density, costs EMCcosts, EMC,
robustness
Multi Chip Power Packages (MCPP)Multi Chip Power Packages (MCPP)focus: thermal-AIT Rth, Zth
electric-AIT inductancerobustness temp cycles
P S it h (IGBT SiC)
cooling-effort, energy-efficiency,
il & t
robustness temp. cycles
Power-Switches (IGBT, SiC)focus: static & dynamic power-losses,
tailored for MCPP integration
mileage & costs
g
Bosch power electronics cover the entire value chain from silicon to modules and systems
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to modules and systemsAIT: assembly and interconnect technology, IGBT: insulated-gate bipolar transistor; SiC: Silcon carbideEMC: electro-magnetic compatibility
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
S i d t T h l iSemiconductor TechnologiesSiC application area
100.000
High Power DevicesMOSFET SJ-MOS
IGBT application area
S C app cat o a ea
10.000
Middle Power Devices
g
1.000
(A)
Low Power Devices
Middle Power Devices
EVPHEV
100
Curr
ent ( PHEV
HEV
DC/DC Charger
AutomotiveApplications
MCPP
10eBike
Discretes
110 100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Voltage (V)
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Voltage (V)SJ-MOS: super junction mosfet, IGBT: insulated-gate bipolar transistor, MCPP: Multi Chip Power PackagesSiC: silicon carbide
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
R t f l t i hi lRange management for electric vehicles
E l destinationd f d Example destinationSOC 10 – 40 %21 °C
Prediction of energy usage and active drivetrain control based on
ECO route12 kWh
FCSFCS
Route information (topography, speed limits)L d d i b h i 12 kWh
fast route19 kWh
FCS
Learned driver behavior Current traffic situation Climate and weather forecastClimate and weather forecast…
start SOC: 95 %
19 °C
Electromobility drives networking of vehicles and new business models based on access to vehicle data
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SOC = state of charge, FCS = fast charging station
based on access to vehicle data
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B h i l tf f bilitBosch service platform for e-mobility
Service Provider Utility OEMDriver Fleet
Charging Billing
Bosch Charging Station Third Party InterfacesDynamic Applications
g g
Access
Telephony
Billing
Charging Station Info
Utility / Smart Grid
Surveillance
Billing
Electric Vehicle
e-mobility Core
Charging
Incentive
Integration
e-mobility CoreLocation Based
Location Based
Third Party Charging StationBusiness Ecosystem
Access
Billing
IntegrationLocation Based
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
I l t ti j t SiImplementation: project Singapore• Infrastructure service provider for electric
vehicle charging infrastructure 2011-2016
• Support 50+ electric vehicles
• Provide, install, and maintain up to 60 charging stations
• Collect charging data with smart meter
• Billing and pricing plans
• Customer interfaces
• Use CEPAS for identificationcontactless e-purse application (CEPAS) is used for bus, metro, taxi, road toll, parking, retail, and other services.
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
EV t f t h / t idEV as part of a smart home / smart gridheating applianceventilation with heating applianceventilation with
heat recovery
solar thermalRouter
PV panel
electric
Meter gatewayBSI certified CCU
freezer
WMDW
use of
electricvehicle (EV)
use ofwastewater
Li-ionbattery
thermalstorage
batterychargespot
buffer batteryfor PV & EV
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
N t f bilitNew competences for e-mobilityElectronics
AutomotiveChemistry
Automotive
Manufacturing
StandardizationLaw conditions
StandardizationSmart Grids
Bat
ter
yInternet of ThingsCloud Computing
Smart Cities
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
A dAgenda
Introduction Bosch Group
Market trends and success factors
Systems and implementationsSyste s a d p e e tat o s
Chances and challenges
Summary
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
F di f t t i tFunding future powertrain concepts
reallocation of reduced spending in reallocation of budget
reduced spending in non-powertrain domains
external funding government subsidies and incentives
coexistencevarious powertrain additional invest
in PT domain standardization
pconcepts in PT domain
reduction of component
optimum allocation of valueadd in supply chain
(volume concentration)costs by
economiesof scale
(volume concentration)
alliances
large global platforms(OEM & supplier product lines)
of scale
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B h G R&D ditBosch Group R&D expenditure
A t ti T h l
EURbn
gross R&D rate[% of sales]
12
13
145.0
4.5 12.3
Automotive TechnologyBosch Group 13.2
10 8
9
10
11
124.0
3.510.1 10.2
10.7
9.69.28.8 8.8
8 6
9.4
8 1 8 1
10.8
6
7
8
9
4 2
3.0
2.5
7.47.27.37.1
7.7 7.78.6 8.1 8.1
3
4
5
64.23.83.63.93.63.33.12.92.72.5
2.0
1.5
0
1
2
3
0 0
1.0
0.5
00.0
2011201020092008200720062005200420032002
Bosch R&D expenditures in e-mobility 2011: ~400 Mio. EUR
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B tt t h l k blBattery technology as key enabler
E-Machine
Power Electronics
Battery
Weight Volume Cost
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Electric motor: 60 kW Battery: 20 kWh
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
E d it & i L i f CE llEnergy density & price - Learning from CE cells
20102010
300300 670 Wh/ℓ240 Wh/kg
570 Wh/ℓ2,000
2,500
20052005200200 360 Wh/ℓ135 Wh/kg
20002000200 Wh/ℓ
570 Wh/ℓ200 Wh/kg
1,000
1,500
$1,560/kWh
1/3
1/3100100 75 Wh/kg
2.7x
1.8x1.8x
19901990 500
$300/kWh$480/kWh
$1,010/kWh
Energy Density [Wh/ℓ] 100 200 300 400 500 600 700100 200 300 400 500 600 700 20001995 20102005
Year
Within 10 years, Li-ion consumer cells (type 18650) advanced as follows energy density doubled energy density doubled price per kWh reduced to one third production volume increased fivefold
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p oduct o o u e c eased e o dCE: consumer electronics
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B tt f t t d tl kBattery performance – status and outlook250 AD 1800 AD 1860 AD 1989 AD 1990 AD 201X AD
100.000B d d b tt V lt b tt L d id b tt Ni MH b tt Lithi i b tt Lithi i b tt
10.000
Bagdad battery Volta battery Lead acid battery Ni-MH battery Lithium-ion battery Lithium-air battery
1.000
wer
, W/k
g
100
ecifi
c P
ow
10
Sp
b-A
cid
1300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 10 100 200
Specific Energy, Wh/kg
Pb
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Specific Energy, Wh/kg
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B tt f t d iBattery safety design
CellsCellsCellsCells PackPackPackPackCell Cell MMaterialsaterialsCell Cell MMaterialsaterials VehicleVehicleVehicleVehicle
Design & Manufacturing
i d
Safety Functions
b
Safe Materials
h d
Safety Functions
h l e.g. integrated safety devices:ceramic coated on
e.g. battery state detection and prediction
e.g. shut down separator basedon polyethylene
e.g. thermal management
electrode(PE)
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
B tt i f l i (US l )Battery price vs. fuel price (US example)
Changes in fuel and energy storage costs and increases in the efficiency of electrified vehicles could alter the total cost of ownership
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electrified vehicles could alter the total cost of ownership
E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
A dAgenda
Introduction Bosch Group
Market trends and success factors
Systems and implementationsSyste s a d p e e tat o s
Chances and challenges
Summary
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
D i thi ki f bilit S F tDesign thinking for e-mobility: Success Factors•high volumes
bli h d i d • system Know How
f ibl viableDesired Customers
•established industry structure
•affordable battery costs
y•HMI•compact drive unit• consumer cells
feasibletechnology
viablebusiness case
costs•consumer cells
successfulproduct
desireeBike buyer
electrical drive experiencemobility in golden ager sport
comfort, design, coolness, fancy, stylish
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
F i ti BikFascination eBike
It´s a lifestyle product We sell an experiencep It´s e-mobility It´s Bosch It s Bosch
eMotor powerful battery reliable system drive
functions performance
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
F i ti BikFascination eBike
k b d / h City Trekking MTBBike brands w/ BoscheBike-System in 2012
City Trekking MTB
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
O i El t ifi ti t R b t B hOverview Electrification at Robert BoschBatteryE-Machines and Navigation Systems User-centered EV HMI
Power Electronics forHybrids and EV
ABS, ESP, Brake-Booster
Powertrain for ebikes / eScooter
ABS, ESP, Brake Booster
Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles
eScooter
E
Software for Infrastructure Integration
Electric VehiclesFU
TUR
E
Components for CV Electrification
Di ti f S iResearch and Advanced Engineering for futureElectric Vehicle Concepts
Starter and Generatorsfor Start/Stop Systems
Diagnostic for Service
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
S The future belongs to e-mobility. However, high up-front investment
Summary
required to develop new technology. Systems competence is an enabler for mastering electric vehicle technology.
Cost of EV technology is an important driving force for market penetration Industry can join forces to achieve a competitive cost penetration. Industry can join forces to achieve a competitive cost position. Learning from other industries (e.g., consumer cells) speeds up learning curve.ea g cu e.
Bosch is paving the way for electro-mobility, with the development of innovative electric drive systems and the economic implementation of innovations in the market.
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E-Mobilität - Chancen und Herausforderungen
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