(E fE 5V C (E 5 -...

26
(E fE 5V C (E 5

Transcript of (E fE 5V C (E 5 -...

Page 1: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

(E

fE 5V

C (E 5

Page 2: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

REFERENCES

Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J.

Econ. Entomol., 18: 265-267.

Aitken, E. H. 1894. The larva and pupa of Spalgis epius Westw. Bombay Nat.

Hist. Soc. Jour., 8: 485-487.

Ali, M. 1978. A report on the wax scales, Ceroplastes pseudocehferus Green and

Chloropulvinaria polygonata (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Coccidae) on mango

and their natural enemies. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 6 (1): 69-70.

Al-khateeb, N. and A. Raie. 2001. A study of some biological parameters of the

predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) introduced to Planococcus

citri (Risso) in Syria, and estimate of its predation rate in the laboratory.

Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 19(2): 131-134.

Anonymous. 1957. Annual report of the West African Cacao Res. Inst. RAE. 45:

308-312pp.

Anonymous. 1978. Thirty-first Annual Detailed Technical Report. Coffee Board

Research Department. India. 68 p.

Anonymous. 1982. Thirty-fifth Annual Detailed Technical Report (1981-82). Coffee

Board Research Department, India. 198 p.

Anonymous. 1983. Thirty-sixth Annual Detailed Technical Report (1982-83).

Coffee Board Research Department, India. 192 p.

Anonymous, 1983a. The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of

Chemistry. Eds. D. Harley and H. Kidd. Unwin Brothers Ltd., Surrey, A

441 p.

Anonymous. 1984. Thirty-seventh Annual Detailed Technical Report. Coffee

Board Research Department. India. 266 p.

157

Page 3: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Anonymous. 1985. Thirty-eighth Annual Detailed Technical Report. Coffee Board

Research Department. India. 278 p.

Anonymous. 1991. Biological control of mealybug Planococcus citri in coffee.

Indian Coffee, 55(10): 44.

Anonymous. 1994. Fifteen years of AICRP on biological control. Project

Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore. 320 p.

Anonymous. 1998. A compendium on Pests and Diseases of coffee and their

management. Coffee Board Research Department, India. 66 p.

Anonymous. 2003a. Database on coffee - July 2003. Economic and Market

Intelligence Unit. Coffee Board, India, 1-75 p.

Anonymous. 2003b. Coffee Guide. Central Coffee Research Institute.

Chikmagalur, India. 200 p.

Anstead, R. D. 1919. The coffee planting industry in Southern India. Agric. J.

India, 14: 578-585.

Ayyar, T. V. R. 1940. Handbook of economic entomology for South India. Madras.

528 p.

Balakrishnan M. M., K. Sreedharan and P. K. Bhat. 1991. Observations on

Ferrisia virgata (Ckll.) and its natural enemies on coffee, with new records

of predators and host plants. J. Coffee. Res., 21(1): 11-19.

Balakrishnan, M. M., P. K. Vinod Kumar and C. B. Prakasan. 1992. A note on

green scale-ant association on coffee. Indian Coffee, LVI (10): 5-6.

Balduf, W. V. 1938. The rise of entomophagy among Lepidoptera. Amer. Nat., 72:

358-379.

Berlinger, M. S. 1977. The Mediterranean vine mealybug and its natural enemies

in Southern Israel. Phytoparasitica, 5: 3-4.

158

Page 4: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Betrem, J. G. 1936. De oecoloogie en epidiologie van de witte luizen. Arch.

Koffiecult. Ned.-Indie, Soerabaja, 10: 87-186.

Bhat P. K. and H. V. Shamanna. 1972. Some new collateral hosts of Planococcus

lilacinus from South India. J. Coffee. Res., 2(2): 27.

Bhat P. K., M. J. Chacko and K. Sreedharan. 1979. Biology of the ladybird beetle,

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, a predator of mealybugs.

PLACROSYM-II: 221-226 pp.

Bhat P. K. 1985. Integrated pest management of coffee. Proceedings of the

second workshop on coffee. CCRI, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka. J.

Coffee. Res., 15:40.

Bradley, G. A. 1973. Effect of Formica obscuripes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on

the predator-prey relationship between Hyperaspis congressis

(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Toumeyella numismaticum (Homoptera:

Coccidae). Can. Entomol., 105: 1113-1118.

Brun, L. O. P., C. Morcillaud, V. Gaudichon and D. M. Sucklling. 1989. Endosulfan

resistance in Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in New

Caledonia. J. Econ. Entomol., 82:1311-1316.

Campbell, C. A. M. 1983. The assessment of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and

other Homoptera on mature cocoa trees in Ghana. Bulletin of

Entomological Research, 73(1): 137-151.

Campbell, C. A. M. 1994. Homoptera associated with the ants Crematogaster

clariventris, Pheidole megacephala and Tetramorium aculeatum

(Hymenoptera: Fomriicidae) on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological

Research, 84(3): 313-318.

159

Page 5: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Castaner M., A. Garrido and T. Busto. 1988. Effects of oxydemeton-methyl on

Cryptolaemus monfrouz/eri Muls. Bulletin SROP, 11(6): 62-69.

Chacko, M. J. 1979. Natural Enemies of Coffee Pests, Plant Protection. Bull. 31:

63, 68-83 pp.

Chacko M. J. 1987. Biological control with exotic as well as indigenous natural

enemies. Proceedings of the workshop on the insect pest management

strategies in coffee, cardamom and tea cropping systems. J. Coffee.

Res., 17: 109-113.

Chacko, M. J. and E. P. Ramanarayana. 1974. Preliminary trials with systemic

granular insecticides against green bug. Indian Coffee, XXXVIII (9&10):

268-270 pp.

Chacko, M. J. and P. K. Bhat, 1976. Record of Ferhsia virigata and its natural

enemy Spalgis epius on coffee India. J. Coffee Res., 6 (2): 56-57 pp.

Chacko, M. J., P. K. Bhat and E. P. Ramanarayana. 1976. Laboratory and field

testing of insecticides against coffee mealy bug. Indian Coffee, XL (4&5):

118-119 pp.

Chacko M. J., P. K. Bhat and E. P. Ramanarayan. 1977a. New records of

Coccoidea with notes on natural enemies of Planococcus spp. on coffee

in India. J. Coffee. Res., 7(3): 68-70.

Chacko, M. J, P. K. Bhat and E.P. Ramanarayana. 1977b. Field evaluation of

Insecticides for controlling Coccus viridis on coffee. I. Systemic

insecticides as spray. Indian Coffee, XLI (2&3): 86-87 pp.

Chacko M. J., P. K. Bhat, L. V. Ananda Rao, M. B. Deepak Singh, E. P.

Ramanarayan and K. Sreedharan. 1978. The use of the ladybird beetle.

160

Page 6: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, for the control of coffee mealybugs. J.

Coffee. Res., 8(1): 14-19.

Chacko, M. J., P. K. Bhat, L. V. Anand Rao. M.B. Deepak Singh. 1979a. Influence

of some contact insecticides on adults of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri.

PLACROSYM II: 258-262 pp.

Chacko M. J., M. B. Deepak Singh, L. V. Ananda Rao and E. P. Ramanarayan.

1979b. Effect of limited use of some contact and systemic insecticides on

larval instars of Coccopliagus cowperi, a recently recorded parasite of

Coccus viridis attacking coffee. PLACROSYM-II: 504-509 pp.

Chacko M. J. and K. Sreedharan. 1981. Control of Planococcus lilacinus and

Diacanthodes sp. associated with coffee roots. J. Coffee. Res., 11(3): 76-

80.

Chapman, R. F. 1969. The Insects: Structure and function. ELBS and Hodder &

Stoughton, Kent, UK. 819 p.

Chellaiah, S and M. Bharathi. 1993. Insecticide induced resurgence of insect

pests of crop plants. In Pesticides - Their ecological impact in developing

countries. Ed. G. S. Dhaliwal and Balwinder Singh. Commonwealth

Publications, New Delhi, 51-80 pp.

Chevalier, A. 1929. Les Cafeires du Globe Fasc. 1. Generalites sur les cafiers'

Encyl. Bio: 5 p.

Clark, A. H. 1926. Carnivorous butterflies. Smithsn. Inst. Ann. Rpt. (1925): 439-

508 pp.

Clausen C. P. 1940. Entomophagous insects. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.

New York. 688 p.

161

Page 7: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Coleman, L. C. and K. Kunhi Kannan. 1918. Some Scale insect Pests of coffee in

South India, Dept. Agri. Mysore State, Ent. Ser. Bull, No. 4, 64 p.

Cordero, C. and J. Sober6n. 1990. Non-resource based territoriality in males of

the butterfly Xamia xami (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). J. Insect Behav., 3:

719-732.

Cordero, C. 1993. The courtship behaviour of Callophrys xami (Lycaenidae).

Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 32: 99-106.

Crowe, T. J. 1961. The use of Insecticides on coffee in East Africa, March -April

1961, London. Agric. Vet. Chem., 2(2).

DeBach, P. 1946. An insecticidal check method for measuring the efficacy of

entomophagous insects. J. Econ. Entomol., 39: 695-7.

DeBach, P. 1955. Validity of the insecticidal check method as a measure of the

effectiveness of natural enemies of diaspine scale insects. J. Econ.

Entomol. 44: 373-383.

DeBach, P. 1964. Successes, trends and future possibilities. In: Biological control

of insect pests and weeds. Ed. P. DeBach, Reinhold Publ. Co., New

York, 844 p.

DeBach, P. and Bartlett, B. R. 1964. Methods of colonization, recovery and

evaluation. In: Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Ed. P.

DeBach. Chapman and Hall, London. 402-426 pp.

De Fluiter, H. J. 1939. 'Het witte luis-vraagstuk bij de Koffie Bergcultures, 13: 760-

765.

Dhaliwal, G. S. and M. D. Pathak. 1993. Pesticides in the developing world: A

boon in bane. In: Pesticides - Their ecological impact in developing

162

Page 8: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

countries. Ed. G. S. Dhaliwal and Balwinder Singh. Commonwealt

Publications, New Delhi, 1-29 pp.

Dodd, A. P. 1902. Contribution to the life history of Liphyra brassolis Westw.

Entomologist 35: 153-156, 184-188.

Doutt, R. L. 1951. Biological control of mealybug infesting commercial greenhouse

gardenias. J. Econ. Entomol., 44: 37-40.

Doutt, R. L. 1964. The historical development of biological control. In: Biological

control of insect pests and weeds. Ed. P. DeBach. Chapman and Hall,

London. 21-42 pp.

Doutt R. L. and P. DeBach. 1964. Some biological control concepts and

questions. In: Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Ed. P.

DeBach, Reinhold Publ. Co. New York. 844 pp.

Driesche, R. G. van and P. Vittum. 1987. Potential for increased use of biological

agents against greenhouse pests in Massachusetts. Research Bulletin,

Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 718: 88-111.

Dutt, D.K. and K. Sriram Shetty. 1965 Preliminary observation with two

organophosphorus insecticides on the coffee green bug. Coccus viridis

(Green). Indian Coffee, XXIX (8): 18-20 pp.

Edwards, W. H. 1886. On the life history and preparatory stages of Feniseca

tarquinius Fabr. Canad. Ent. 18: 141-153.

Edwards, C. A. 1986. Agrochemicals as environmental pollutants. In: B. Van

Hofsten and G. Elaspern, Eds., Control of pesticides and residues in food

- A guide and directory. Swedish Science Press, Uppsala, Sweden, 1-19

pp.

163

Page 9: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Evans, W. H. 1912. A list of Indian butterflies. Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society, XXI (3): 981-997.

Evans, W. H. 1932. The identification of Indian butterflies. Pub: The Bombay

Natural History Society, Madras. 454 p.

Evans, H. E. 1984. Insect biology - A textbook of entomology. Addison-Wesley

Publishing Company, USA, 436 p.

Fabres, G., D. Matile-Ferrero. 1980. Natural enemies attacking the cassava

mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Horn. Coccoidea. Pseudococcidae) in

the People's Republic of Congo. I. The components of the

entomocoenose and their interrelations. Annales de la Societe

Entomologique de France, 16 (4): 509-515.

Farquharson, C. O. 1922. Five years observations (1914-1918) on the bionomics

of the Southern Nigerian insects, chiefly directed to the investigation of

lycaenid life-histories and to the relation of Lycaenidae, Diptera and other

insects to ants. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 69: 319-448.

Fernando, H. E. 1956. Tropical Agriculturist, 112 (2): 132-141.

Fernando, L. C. P. and P. Kanagaratnam. 1987. New records of some pests of the

coconut inflorescence and developing fruit and their natural enemies in

Sri Lanka. COCOS, 5: 39-42.

Finney, D. J. 1962. Probit Analysis. 2"'' Ed. University Press, Cambridge, 318 p.

Fleschner, C. A., J. C. Hall and D. W. Ricker. 1955. natural balance of mite pests

in an avocado grove. Calif. Avocado Soc. Yearb. 39; 155-162.

Foucart, G. 1954. Un nouvel ennemi du cafeier d' arable au Kivu Habrochila

placida (note priim), Brussels. Bull. Inst.natn. Etude agron. Congo Beige.

3: 51-62.

164

Page 10: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Furness, G. O. 1976. The dispersal, age-staicture and natural enemies of the

long-tailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), in

relation to sampling and control. Aust. J. Zool., 24: 237-47

Garcia-Barros, E. 2000. Body size, egg size, and their interspecific relationship

with ecological and life history traits in butterflies (Lepidoptera:

Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,

70: 251-284.

Gokuldas Kumar M. 1987. Population trend of the coffee mealybug Planococcus

citri (Risso) under the influence of certain key a-biotic factors.

Proceedings of the workshop on the insect pest management strategies

in coffee, cardamom and tea cropping systems. J. Coffee. Res., 17: 99-

100

Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural

research. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 680 p.

Gowda, D. K. S., D. Manjunath, Pradip Kumar, R. K. Datta and P. Kumar. 1996.

Spalgis epius Westwood (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) - a potential

predator of mulbeny mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus. Insect

Environment, 2 (3): 87-88.

Greathead, D. J. 1977. Biological control of mealybugs (Homoptera:

Pseudococcidae) with special reference to cassava mealybug

Phenacoccus manihoti, Mat-Fen-. In: Proceedings of the International

Workshop on the Cassava Mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat-Ferr.

(Pseudococcidae), June 26-29, 1977, Bas-Zaire, Zaire. Ed. K. F. Nwanze

and K. Leuschner. 70-80.

165

Page 11: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Greathead, D. J. 1986. Opportunities for biological control of insect pests in

tropical Africa. Revue d'Zoologie Africaine, 100: 85-96.

Greathead, D. J. and A. H. Greathead. 1992. Biological control of insect pests by

parasitoids and predators: The BIOCAT database. Biocontrol News and

Information, 13(4): 61N-68N.

Green, E. E. 1904. Coccidae of Ceylon-Ill. London, Dulau.

Gupta, Y. P. 1989. Pesticide Poisoning. Sci. Rep., 26(9): 491-492.

Gupta, H. C. L. 1999. Insecticides: Toxicology and uses. Agrotech Publishing

Academy, Udaipur. 382 p.

Hagen, K. S., S. Bombosch and J. A. McMurtry. 1976. The biology and impact of

predators. In: Theory and practice of biological control. Eds. C. B.

Huffaker and P. S. Messenger. Academic Press, New York. 93-142pp.

Hancock, G. L. R. 1926. Rep. Asst. Entomologist, Rep. Dept. Agric. Uganda,

Entebbe. 8-25.

Hand L.F. and Keaster, A. J. 1967. The environment of an insect field cage.

Journal of Economic Entomology, 60, 910-15.

Hanna, A.D., E. Judenko and W Heatherington. 1956. The control of

Crematogaster ants as a means of controlling the mealybug transmitting

the swollen shoot virus disease of Cocoa in the Gold coast (Ghana).

Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47 (2): 291-226.

Hargreaves, E. 1936. Ent. Wor1<, Rep. Dept. Agric. Sierra Leone, Freetown. 16-18.

Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett. 1956. Experimental studies on predation:

predation and cyclamen-mite population on strawbenies in California.

Hilgardia, 26: 191-222.

166

Page 12: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Huffaker, C.B and P. S. Messenger. 1964. The concept and significance of natural

control. Chap. 4. In: Biological control of Insect Pests and Weeds, P. De

Bach (eds.) Reinhold Publ. Co. New York. 844 p.

Huffaker, C. B., P. S. Messenger and P. DeBach. 1971. The theory, ecological

basis and assessment of biological control. In: Biological Control. Ed. C.

B. Huffaker, Plenum Press, New York, 16-27 pp.

Huffaker, C. B., F. J. Simmonds and J. E. Laing. 1976. The theoretical and

empirical basis of bilogocal control. In: Theory and Practice of Biological

Control. Eds. C. B. Huffaker and P. S. Messenger, Academic Press, New

York, 42-73 pp.

Huffaker, C. B., R. L. Rabb and J. A. Logan. 1977. Some aspects of population

dynamics relative to augmentation of natural enemy action. In: Biological

control by augmentation of natural enemies. Eds. R. L. Ridgway and S.

B. Vinson. Plenum Press, New York. 3-38 pp.

Hwang, J. S., F. K. Hsieh, I. S. Wu. 1986. The toxicity of insecticides to the

various life stages of the citrus mealybug {Planococcus citrti (Risso) and

its predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant. Plant Protection

Bulletin, Taiwan, 28(2): 155-161.

Imms A. D. 1957. A general textbook of Entomology (Ninth edition revised by

Richards, O.W and R.G. Davies). Methun & Co.Ltd., London. 886 p.

Irulandi, S., P. K. Vinod Kumar, K. Sreedharan and H. G. Seetharama. 2000.

Biological Control of mealy bugs and scales of coffee-studies on two

indigenous predators of mealy bugs. In: Proceedings: International

Scientific Symposium on Coffee, Dec. 4'*̂ , 2000, Coffee Board,

Bangalore, India: 236-237 pp.

167

Page 13: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Jalil, A. F. and A. K. M. F. Kabir. 1972. Some studies on Pseudococcus virgatus

Ckll. infesting mesta and kenaf in East Pakistan. Agric. Pakistan, 22: 237-

240.

James, H. C. 1932. "Coffee mealybug research". Dept. Agric. Kenya, Bull., 18: 18

P-

Josens, R. B. and F. Roces. 2000. Foraging in the ant Camponotus: nectar intake

rate and crop filling depend on colony starvation. Journal of Insect

Physiology. 46(7): 1103-1110.

Kalshoven, L. G. E. 1981. Pests of crops in Indonesia. Revised and translated by

P. A. Van der Laan. Pub. P. T. Ichtiar, Baru - Van Hoeve, Jakarta,

Indonesia. 701 p.

Kaneko, S. 2002. Aphid attending ants increase the number of emerging adults of

the aphids primary parasitoid and hyper parasitoids by repelling intraguild

predators. Entomological Science, 5(2): 131-146.

Kasi Viswanathan P. R. 1972. Possibilities on biological control of insect pests of

coffee in India. Indian Coffee. 36(1): 36-37.

Kershaw, J. C. W. 1905. The life history of Gerydus chinensis Felder. Ent. Soc,

London, Trans. (1905): 1-4.

Kidd, N. A. C. and M. A. Jervis. 1996. Population dynamics. In: Insect natural

Enemies- practical approaches to their study and evaluation. Eds. Mark

Jervis and Neil Kidd. Chapman and Hall, London. 293-374 pp.

Kirtani, K. 1972. Strategy in integrated control of rice pests. Rev. PI. Prot. Res., 5:

76-104.

Krishnamoorthy, A. and M. Mani. 2001. Parasitoids and predators as components

in IPM of vegetable crops. In: Integrated pest management in horticultural

168

Page 14: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

ecosystems. Eds. P. Parvatha Reddy, Abraham Verghese and N. K.

Krishna Kumar. Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi. 108-121 pp.

Kumar, P. K. V. and C. B. Prakasan. 1992. Soil application of systemic

insecticides for mealy bug control. J. Coffee Res. 22(1): 65-68 pp.

Kuno, E. and Dyck, V.A. 1985. Dynamics of Philippine and Japanese populations

of the brown plant hopper: Comparison of basic characteristics, In:

Proceedings of the ROC - Japan seminar on the ecology and the control

of the Brown plant hopper. Republic of China, National Science Council,

1-9 pp.

Lamborn, W. A. 1914. On the relationship between certain West African insects,

especially ants, Lycaenidae and Homoptera. Ent. Soc, London, Trans.

(1913): 436-498.

Le Pelley, R. H. 1943. An oriental mealybug {Pseudococcus lilacinus) and its

insect enemies. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 93: 73-93.

Le Pelley, R.H. 1968. Pests of Coffee. Tropical Science Series, Longmans

Publications, London. 590 p.

Liu, Y. C. and L. J. Cheng. 1976. Population dynamics of Astegopteryx

bambusifoliae Takashi (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Agriculture

and Forestry. 25: 71-84.

Luck, R. F., van den Bosch, R. and Garcia, R. 1977. Chemical insect control - A

troubled pest management strategy. BioScience, 27(9): 606-611.

Luppino, P. 1979. Biological control in citrus plantations: parasitization of

Planococcus citri by Leptomastix dactylopii. Infomriatore Agrario, 35(2):

4183-4186.

169

Page 15: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Mani, M. 1993. Studies on mealybugs and their natural enemies in ber orchards.

Journal of Biological Control, 7: 75-80.

Mani, M. 1995. Studies on the natural enemies of the oriental mealybug,

Planococcus lilacinus (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in India.

Journal of Entomological Research, 19(1): 61-70.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1989. Occurrence of mealybugs and their

natural enemies on custard apple around Bangalore, S. India. Journal of

Biological Control, 3: 77.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1990a. Natural suppression of mealybugs in

guava orchards. Entomon, 15(3-4): 245-247.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1990b. Outbreak of mealybugs and record of

their natural enemies on pomegranate. Journal of Biological Control, 4(1):

61-62.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1991. Contact toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids to

some parasitoids and predators of mealybugs. Indian Journal of Plant

Protection, 19(1): 93-95.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1996. Biological suppression of oriental

mealybug Planococcus lilacinus (Ckll.) on ber. Pest Management in

Horticultural Ecosystems, 2 (1): 49-50.

Mani, M. and A. Krishnamoorthy. 1998. Biological control studies on the mango

green shield scale, Chloropulvinaria polygonata (Ckll.) (Homoptera:

Coccidae) in India. Entomon., 23: 105-110.

Mani, M and A. Krishnamoorthy. 2000. Biological suppression of mealybugs,

Planococcus citri (Risso) and Planococcus lilacinus (Ckll.) on

pomegranate in India. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 28(2): 187-189.

170

Page 16: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Mani, M. and T. S. Thontadarya. 1987. Record of mealybug species on grapevine

in Karnataka. Current Science, India, 56(22): 1192.

Matsumoto, B. M. and T. Nishida. 1996. Predator-prey investigations on the taro

leafhopper and its egg predator. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 64:

32 p.

Maxwell-Lefroy, H. 1909. Indian Insect Life (4*̂ Indian Reprint, 1984). Jagmander

Book Agency, New Delhi. 786 p.

Mayne, W. W. 1932. Annual Report of the Coffee Scientific Officer, 1931-32.

Departnnent of Agriculture, Mysore State. The Mysore Coffee Experiment

Station Bulletin, No. 9: 32 p.

Mayne, W. W. and V. K. Subramhanyam. 1933. Nematode worms in relation to

the cockchafer and mealybug problem in Coorg. Department of

Agriculture. The Mysore Coffee Experiment Station, Bull. No. 11: 34 p.

Mcleod, J. H. 1938. The control of the greenhouse whitefly in Canada by the

parasite Encarsia formosa Gahan. Sclent. Agric. 18: 529-535.

Mehrotra, K. N. 1992. Pesticide resistance in insect pests: Indian scenario. In: B.

V. David, Ed., Pest Management and Pesticides: Indian Scenario.

Namrutha Publication, Madras, 17-27 pp.

Mendel, Z., S. Gross, S. Steenberg, M. Cohen and D. Blumberg. 1999. Trials for

the control of the citrus mealybug in citrus orchards by augmentative

release of the two encyrtid parasitoids. Entomologica, 33: 251-265.

Messenger, P. S., E. Biliotti and R. van den Bosch. 1976. The importance of

natural enemies in integrated control. In: Theory and practice of biological

control. Eds. C. B. Huffaker and P. S. Messenger. Academic Press, New

York. 543-563 pp.

171

Page 17: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Meyerdirk, D. E., Hart, W. G. and Dean, H. A. 1978. Two newly established

primary parasites, Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, and Anagyrus sp.,

found attacking Planococcus citri (Risso) in Texas. The Southern

Entomologist, 3(40: 295-298.

Meyerdirk, D. E., French, J. V., Hart, W. G. and Chandler, L. D. 1979. Citrus

mealybug: Effect of pesticide residues on adults of the natural enemy

complex. J. Econ. Entomol. 72 (6): 893-895.

Meyerdirk, D. E., L. D. Chandler, K. R. Summy and W. G. Hart. 1981. Spatial

distribution of citrus mealybug on grapefruit trees. J. Econ. Entomol.

74(6): 662-664.

Miyashita, K. 1963. Outbreaks and population fluctuation of insects, with special

reference to agricultural insect pests in Japan. Bull. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci.,

Ser. C. 15: 99-170.

Murray, D. A. H. 1982. Effect of sticky banding of custard apple tree trunks on

ants and citrus mealybug, P. citri (Risso.) (Pseudoccoccide (Hem)) in

South-east Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal

Sciences, 39(2): 141-146.

Nagarkatti, S., S. P. Singh, K. P. Jayanth, B. S. Bhummannavar. 1992.

Introduction and establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. against

Planococcus spp. in India. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 20(1): 102-

104.

Nair, C. P. R. 1993. A management schedule for the cocoa mealybug

Planococcus lilacinus Ckll. by spot application of insecticides. J. Plant.

Crops, 21 (supplement): 182-185.

172

Page 18: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Nair, C. P. R. and M. R. G. K. Nair. 1982. Bio-ecological studies on cocoa

mealybug, Planococcus lilacinus CkW. PI_ACROSYM-V: 621-625.

Narasimham, A. U. 1987. Scale insects and mealybugs of coffee, tea and

cardamom and their natural enemies. J. Coffee. Res.. 17(1): 7-13.

Narasimham A. U. and T. Sankaran. 1985. Some mealybugs and their natural

enemies in India. Proceedings of National Seminar on Entomophagous

Insects, Calicut (India), 29-36 pp.

Narayanan, E. 1967. A note on the performance of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Mulsant in citrus orchards at Bumihot (Assam) Technical Bulletin

Commonwealth Institute of Biological control, 9 137-138.

Natarajan, K., V. T. Sundaramurthy and P. Chidambaram. 1987. Pyrethroid

induced aphid resurgence with cotton ecosystem. In. S. Jayaraj Ed.,

Resurgence of sucking pests. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore. 155-159 pp.

Nwanze, K. F., K. Leuschner and H. C. Ezumah. 1979. The cassava mealybug,

Phenacoccus sp. in the Republic of Zaire. PANS, 25 (2): 125-130.

Ortu, S and R. Prota. 1983. Results from integrated control trials of citrus pests in

Sardinia. lO'*' International Congress of Plant Protection. Vol. 3:

Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20-25 November,

1983. Plant Protection for Human Welfare. 1022.

Otoidobiga, L. C, C. Vincent and R. K. Stewart. 2004. Relative abundance of

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids,

and the impact of augmentative release of Eretmocerus spp.

(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on the population dynamics of the pest in

173

Page 19: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Burkina Faso (West Africa). International Journal of Pest Management.

50(1): 11-16.

Panis, A. 1981. Effect of ants on the parasitic biocontrol of the black citrus scale in

France (Homoptera: Coccoidea, Coccidae). Fruits, 36(1): 47-48.

Patel, D. M. 1998. Bio-ecology and behaviour of vahous species of aphids and

their natural enemies. M. Sc. (Agri.) thesis submitted to Gujarat

Agricultural University, S. K. Nagar.

Picket, A. D. 1949. A critique on insect chemical control methods. Can. Ent., 81:

67-76.

Pierce, N. E. 2001. The ecology and evolution of ant association in the

Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera). Ann. Review of Entomology, 47: 733-771.

Pollard, E. 1969. The effect of removal of arthropod predators on an infestation of

Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Brussels sprouts.

Entomol. Exp. Appl., 12: 118-124.

Prakasan C. B. 1987. Biological control of coffee pests. Proceedings of the

workshop on the insect pest management strategies in coffee, cardamom

and tea cropping systems. J. Coffee. Res.. 17(1): 114-117.

Prakasan C. B. and P. K. Bhat. 1985. Interference of predator Cryptolaemus

montrouzieri with performance of a newly introduced parasite,

Leptomastix dactylopii. J. Coffee. Res.. 15(1&2): 29-32.

Prakasan, C.B. and M. Gokuldas Kumar. 1985. New record of natural enemies of

mealy bug and green scale. J. Coffee Res. 15 (1&2): 53-54 pp.

Prakasan C. B., M. M. Balakrishnan and P. K. Vinod Kumar. 1987. Natural control

of Saissetia coffeae Walker by Coccophagus cowperi Girault. J. Coffee.

Res.. 17(2): 47-48.

174

Page 20: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Prakasan C. B., P. K. Vinod Kumar and M. M. Balakrishnan. 1992. Biological

suppression of the mealybug Planococcus lilacinus Cockerell

(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on coffee by Triommata coccidivora (Felt.)

(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). PLACROSYM-IX: 140-141.

Pugalenthi, P. and D. Livingstone. 1997. Plant-insect-predator interaction:

reference to Aphis nerii Boyr, (Homoptera: Aphididae) on the milkweed,

Calotrophis gigantea L. (Asclepidiacea). Journal of Entomological

Research 21(2): 175-182.

Pushpaveni, G., P. R. M. Rao and P. A. Rao. 1973. A new record of Spalgis epius

Westwood as a predator of Maconellicoccus hirsutus Gr. on mesta

{Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Indian Journal of Entomology, 35 (1): 71.

Puttarudraiah, M., G. P. Channabasavanna and B. Krishna Murthi. 1952.

Discovery of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae,

Coleoptera, Insecta) in Bangalore, South India. Nature, 169; 377-78 pp.

Rabb, R. L., R. E. Stinner and Robert van den Bosch. 1976. Conservation and

augmentation of natural enemies. In: Theory and practice of biological

control. Eds. C. B. Huffaker and P. S. Messenger. Academic Press, New

York. 543-563 pp.

Rahiman, P. A. and C. K. Vijayalakshmi. 1998. Spalgis epius Westwood

(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) - A potential predator of coffee mealybugs.

Journal of Entomological Research, 22(2): 191-192.

Rahiman, P. A., C. K. Vijayalakshmi and A.G. S. Reddy. 1995. Occurrence and

distribution of mealybug in coffee. Kissan World, 22(11): 39-40.

Ramesh P. K. 1987. Observations on crop loss in robusta coffee due to mealybug

and shot-hole borer. Proceedings of the workshop on the insect pest

175

Page 21: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Reddy K. B., P. K. Bhat and C. B. Prakasan. 1988. Toxicity of certain insecticides

and fungicides to Leptomastix dactylopii, an introduced parasitoid of

Planococcus citri. PLACROSYM - VIII: 281-284 pp.

Reddy K. B., K. Sreedharan, C. B. Prakasan and P. K. Bhat. 1990. New records of

natural enemies of Planococcus spp., Coccus viiidis and Fenisia virgata

on coffee in India. J. Coffee. Res., 20(2): 153-156.

Reddy K. B., C. B. Prakasan, P. K. Bhat and A. C. Kumar. 1992a. Establishment

of Leptomastix dactylopii in Karnataka for the control of Planococcus citri

of coffee. J. Coffee. Res., 22(1): 37-44.

Reddy K. B., K. Sreedharan, C. B. Prakasan and P. K. Bhat. 1992b. Role of

indigenous natural enemies in the integrated management of sucking

pests of coffee. P1_ACR0SYM-IX: 115-122 pp.

Reddy K. B. and P. K. Bhat. 1993a. Effect of seasonal augmentation of

Leptomastix dactylopii How. On Planococcus citri population. J. Coffee.

Res., 23(1): 15-18.

Reddy K. B. and P. K. Bhat. 1993b. Effect of endosulfan on the mealybug

parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii. J. Coffee. Res., 23(1): 19-23.

Rico-Gray, V. and L. B. Thien. 1989. Ant-mealybug interaction decreases

reproductive fitness of Schomburgkia tibicinis (Orchidaceae) in Mexico.

Journal of Tropical Ecology, 5(1): 109-112.

Ridgway, R. L. and Kinzer, R. E. 1974. Chrysopids as predators of crop pests.

Entomophaga, Mem. H. S. 7: 45-51.

Ridgway, R. L. and S. B. Vinson (eds.) 1977. Biological control by augmentation

of natural enemies. Plenum Press, New York, 480 p.

177

Page 22: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Ritchie, A. H. 1932. Rep. Entomologist. Rep, Dept. Agric. Tanganyika (1931), Dar­

e-Salaam, 83-86.

Samuel, S. D., K. Venkatesulu and M. J. Chacko. 1981. Influence of Insecticides

on Cryptolaemus montrouzieri I. Effect of residues of Cythion, Ekalux,

Lebaycid and Metacid on grub. J. Coffee Res. 11 (4): 126-128 pp.

Samways, M. J. 1983. Interrelationship between an entomogenous fungus and

two ant-homopteran (Hymenoptra: Formicidae - Hemiptera:

Pseudococcidae and Aphididae) mutualism on guava trees. Bull.

Entomol. Research, 73(2): 321-331.

Sayed, M.T., A. A. Soliman and H. S. Salama. 1962. On the developmental

stages of Planococcus vitis Nied and Planococcus citri Risso

(Homoptera:Coccidae- Pseudococcidae). Bulletin de la Entomologique

D"Egypte.46: 449-457.

Schmidt, D. J. and S. J. Rice. 2002. Association of ants with juvenile Ogyris

amaryllis Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in south-eastern

Queensland. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41(2): 164-169.

Scopes, E. A. 1969. The potential of Chrysopa camea as a biological control

agent of Myzus persicae on glasshouse chrysanthemums. Ann. Appl.

Biol. 64: 433-439.

Seetharama, H. G. 2003. Investigations on the biology and control of coffee white

stem borer Xylotrechus quadiipes Chev. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Ph. D. Thesis. Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India. 177 p.

Sekhar, P. S. 1964. Pests of coffee. In: Entomology in India. New Delhi,

Entomological Society of India, 529 p.

178

Page 23: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Sekhar, P. S. and B. K. Narayana Rao. 1964. Studies on the control of coffee

mealy bug Planococcus lilacinus (Ckll.). Indian Coffee, XXVIII (9), 205-

207 pp.

Shirasaki, S. 1969. Preservation and utilization of natural enemies and useful

insects in Apple orchards. II. On the biological control of Comstock

mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana by the parasite

Pseudaphyccus malinus Gahan. Bulletin of the Aomori Apple

Experimental station, 13: 1-25.

Singh, Jasvir, B. Gopakumar and D. Kumaresan. 1993. Biological studies on blue

butterfly, Jamides alecto (Felder) (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) a major

cardamom capsule borer in Karnataka. Entomon, 18(1&2): 85-89.

Singh, K. G. and T. K. Singh. 1994. Population fluctuation of various predators

associated with melon aphid. Aphis gossypii Glover on cucumber. In:

Biological control of insect pests. Proceedings of the National

Symposium on Advances in Biological Control of Insect Pests. Ed. S. C.

Goel, UP Zoological Society, Muzaffamagar, 109-111 pp.

Smith, D., D. F. Papacek and D. A. H. Murray. 1988. The use of Leptomastix

dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to control Planococcus citri

(Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Queensland citrus orchards.

Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 45(2): 157-164.

Smith, H. S. 1919 on some phases of insect population and its significance in

applied entomology. J. Econ. Entomol., 12: 288-292.

Smith, H. S. 1935. The role of biotic factors in the determination of population

densities. J. Econ. Entomol., 28: 873-898.

179

Page 24: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Smith, R. F. and K. S. Hagen. 1966. Natural regulation of alfalfa aphids in

California. In: Ecology of aphidophagous insects. Ed. I. Hodek.

Academia, Prague. 292-315 pp.

Smith, R. F. and Robert van den Bosch. 1967. Integrated control. In: Pest Control:

Biological, Physical and selected Chemical methods. Eds. W. W. Kilgore

and R. L. Doutt. Academic Press, New York and London, 295-340 pp.

Sreedevi, K. 2003. Bio-ecology, population dynamics and prey-predator-ant

interaction with special reference to pomegranate aphid Aphis punicae

Passerini. Ph. D. Thesis. Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India. 228 p.

Sreedharan K. and M. J. Chacko. 1982. Influence of insecticides on Cryptolaemus

montrouzleii II. Residual effect of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on

adults. J. Coffee. Res.. 12(3): 68-71.

Sreedharan, K., M. J. Chacko and L. V. Ananda Rao. 1983. Evaluation of some

contact and systematic Insecticides for the control of Planococcus

lilacinus infesting coffee, J. Coffee Res. 13 (4): 98-101 pp.

Srikanth, J., S. Easwaramoorthy and N. K. Kuaip. 2001. Camponotus compressus

F. interferes with Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant activity in

sugarcane. Insect Environment. 7(2): 51-52.

Swaminathan, M. S. 1993. Foreword. In: Pesticides: their ecological impact in

developing countries. Eds. G. S. Dhaliwal and Balwinder Singh.

Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi.

Sysoev, A. T. 1953. The possibility of combining biological and chemical methods

in the control of pests of agricultural crops. Dokl. Vsesoyuz. Akad. Sel.-

Khoz. Nank Lenin, 18(7): 26-31.

180

Page 25: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Szent-lvany. 1963. A biological control experiment against coffee mealybug in the

Wau-Valley Highlands Quarterly Bulletin, 4(2): 8-9.

Tamaki, G. 1973. Spring population of the green peach aphid on peach trees and

the role of natural enemies in their control. Environ. Entomol., 1: 559-565.

Tamaki, G. and R. E. Weeks. 1973. The impact of predators on population of

green peach aphids on field grown sugar beets. Environ. Entomol., 2:

345-349.

Tapley, R. G. 1957. A possible case of coffee thrips resistant to DDT. Nairobi. E.

Afr. Agric. J., 20: 145-148.

Taylor, B. 1977. The ant mosaic on cocoa and other tree crops in Western

Nigeria. Ecological Entomology, 2: 245-255.

Thomas, J. and K. G. Phadke. 1991. Residual toxicity of chlorpyriphos, quinalphos

and oxydemeton-methyl against grubs and adults of Coccinella

septempunctata L. predating on aphids infesting rapeseed crop. Indian J.

Entomol., 53 (3): 405-411.

Van den Bosch, T. F. Leigh, L. A. Falcon, V. M. Stern, D. Gonzales and K. S.

Hagen. 1971. The developing program of integrated control of cotton

pests in California. In: Biological Control, Ed. C. B. Huffaker, Plenum

Press, New Yori<, 377-394.

Varghese, A. 1992. Field ecology of certain coccinellid predators in guava

ecosystem. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.

Vasundhara, M., C. Siddappaji and Y. K. Kotikal. 1990. New record of downey

snow line mealybug on Jasminum rigidum and its predators. Cun-ent

Research - University of Agricultural Sciences (Bangalore), 19(6): 99-

100.

181

Page 26: (E fE 5V C (E 5 - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/80909/10/10_references.pdf · The Agrochemicals Handbook. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Eds.

Venkataramaiah, G. H. and G. I. D'Souza. 1969. Toxicity of some contact and

systemic insecticides to hymenopteran parasites of green bug of coffee,

Coccus viridis Green in laboratory studies. Indian Coffee, XXXIII (6): 187-

188.

Venkataramaiah, G. H and G. I. D'Souza., 1974. Resistance to Parathion by

green bug. J. Coffee Res. 4(1): 7-12 pp.

Venkataramaiah, G. H and P. Abdul Rahiman. 1989. Ants associated with the

mealybugs of coffee. Indian Coffee, Llll (9): 13-14 pp.

Waage, J. K. and Barlow N.D. 1993. Decision tools for Biological control. In:

Decision tools for Pest Management. Eds. G.A. Norton and J.D.

Muneford, University Press, Cambridge, 229-245 pp.

Way, M. J. 1963. Mutualism between ants and honeydew-producing Homoptera.

Ann. Rev. Entomol., 8: 307-344.

Wellman, F. L. 1961. Coffee botany, cultivation and utilization. Leonard Hill

(Books) Limited. Inter Science Publishers Inc. New York. 488 p.

Wigglesworth, V. B. 1965. The principles of insect physiology. Methuen & Co.

London.

Williams, J. R. and D. J. Williams. 1980. Excretory behaviour of soft scales

(Hemiptera: Coccidae). Bull. Ent. Res., 70: 253-257.

Wilson, F. and C. B Huffaker, 1976. The philosophy, scope and importance of

Biological control. In: Theory and practice of biological control. Eds. C.B.

Huffaker and P.S. Messenger, Academic Press, New York, 3-15 pp.

Wrigley, G. 1988. Coffee. Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England, 639

P-

182