E-F-G Words
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Transcript of E-F-G Words
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E-F-G Words
(not to be confused with the “effing” words...sorry)
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ellipsis
• That series of three periods which indicates that something has been omitted from a given text; be wary, as omission can obscure the real meaning of a piece of writing
• Also used to indicate......a pause
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epigram
• A concise witty saying in poetry or prose that either stands alone or is part of a larger work; it may also refer to a short poem of this type
• Think Oscar Wilde....or not....
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“All art is quite useless.”
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epigraph
• The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme
• Hemmingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two epigraphs. One of them is “You are all a lost generation” by Gertrude Stein.
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epiphany
• When a writer suddenly realizes, part way through an essay, that she/he has missed something or been on the wrong track, and announces to the reader: “Hark, a light bulb has gone on in my head, and I will now proceed with a new/better thought or idea!”
• a sudden realization
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epithet
• An adjective or adjective phrase appropriately qualifying a subject (noun) by naming a key or important characteristic of the subject, as in "laughing happiness," "sneering contempt," "untroubled sleep," "peaceful dawn," and "life-giving water." Sometimes a metaphorical epithet will be good to use, as in "lazy road," "tired landscape," "smirking billboards."
• Aptness and brilliant effectiveness are the key considerations in choosing epithets. Be fresh, seek striking images, pay attention to connotative value.
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essay
• A lovely euphemism for “timed writing”
• Comes in many varieties and sizes; some of our favorites are the 5-paragraph essay or its close cousin the 4-6 paragraph essay...
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ethos
• One of the three appeals of argumentation
• Addresses the “ethics” or morality, the rightness or wrongness of an issue or position
• The other two appeals are to logos and pathos
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euphemism
• A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable
• Also referred to as social or political correctness• Can obscure the reality of a situation• Can add humor or ironic understatement
– “Earthly remains” instead of “corpse”
– “Collateral damage” instead of “civilian casualties”
– “Friendly fire” instead of “We killed one of our own”
– Remember the list in “Under the Influence”????
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euphony
• “Pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work” – straight out of 5 Steps to a 5
• Successive harmonious or nice sounds in a literary work
• Comes from the Greek meaning “good sound”
• Related to the euphonium????????
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Exposition
• Background information presented in a literary work necessary for understanding the plot OR
• One of the four modes of discourse which
» Compare and contrast» Classify and divide» Define» Analyze a process» Analyze cause and effect
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Extended metaphor
• A figure of speech using implied comparison that is developed at great length, sustained throughout or occurs frequently in a work
• Take a break to look at wonderful example!!!!
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Figurative language
• Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning
• Creates associations that are imaginative
• “the body of devices that enables the writer [you] to operate on levels other than the literal one” (5 Steps to a 5)
• Metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, irony, paradox, hyperbole, understatement......
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Figure of speech
• A device used to produce figurative language; many compare dissimilar things
• The list on the previous slide, although not complete, is suggestive of figures of speech which you should have in your toolbox
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flashback
• A device or convention that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events or episodes
• Insert sound effect here for movie flashback........
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foreshadowing
• Dun, dun, dun.....
• Hints or clues of larger events that occur later in a work
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form
• The shape or structure of a literary work
poetry
prose
drama
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Generic conventions
• Traditions or conventions for each genre which help distinguish or define each one
• They differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing, or between an autobiography and political writing
• On the AP exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer’s work from those dictated by convention; for example...
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Mitch Albom
•
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genre
• The major category into which a literary work fits (poetry, prose, drama)
• On the AP exam, expect the majority of passages to be from the following genres:– autobiography - biography– diaries - criticism– essays - journalistic writing– letters - scientific writing– nature writing
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That’s all, Folks!!!!