E. F. Eikenberry

Paul Scherrer Institut

E. F. Eikenberry

E. F. Eikenberry1

Ch. Brönnimann1

G. Huelsen1

H. Toyokawa2

R. Horisberger3

B. Schmitt1

C. Schulze-Briese1 T. Tomizaki1

1 Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI2 SPring8, Japan3 CMS-Project, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI

PILATUS: A 2-Dimensional X-Ray Detector For

Macromolecular Crystallography


E. F. Eikenberry

10m

LINAC (100 MeV)

Booster (2.4 GeV)

Storage Ring (2.4 GeV, 288 m)

Undulators

1L

3M

5L

6S7

M

8S

9L

10S

11M

12S 2

S

4S

Sur

face

s /

Inte

rfac

es:

Mic

rosc

opy

Surfaces /

Interfaces:

Spectroscopy

Protein

Xtallo-

graphy

Ma

teri

als

Sc

ien

ce

s

XA

S

IRVUV

SLS LayoutSLS Layout

Green: first phase beamlinesRed: proposed beamlines

)s i n (2 d

BeamEnergy: 5-17.5 keVIntensity: ~10 /sFocal spot size: Adjustable to 25 x 15 mD ivergency:150 µrad x 28 µrad (FW H M )

13

2

Crystal rotation- 30-180 degree for com plete data set- Currently: D iscrete ro tation, integration

over certa in ro tation angle- Future: Continuous rotation, in tegration determ ined by detector fram e rate (

)F ine

phi slic ing

Spot size:

- Beam divergence- M osaicity o f the crysta l- D istance sam ple-detector- Point spread function of detector

Diffraction data- re flect crystal sym m etry group- orientation of the crysta l-> orientation m atrix- H igh dynam ic range: >10 betw een strong and weak reflections- In tensities need to be determ ined accurate ly (1% )- Determ ination of am plitudes and phases leads to e lectron density m aps

4

Detector requirem ents: - Large area (40 x 40 cm ) and/or large num ber of pixels - Detect a high num ber of reflection orders (>500)- Accurate determ ination of integrated intensities- W ide dynamic range (>16 bit, i.e. single photon counting detector) - Fast readout (<0.1s)

2

Resolution:

)s i n (2 d

For d=1A and =1A , =60 o

C rysta llize d Pro te in

X-ra y De te c to r

Diffra c tio n p a tte rn

Diffra c te d b e a m

Be a m

Data collection in protein crystallography


SLS Detector Group


X-Ray Diffraction From A X-174 Virus Crystal

SLS Detector Group


Macromolecular Crystallography

Determine the structure of highlycomplex molecules to atomic resolution

Molecular Weight > 1 MDa (> 50,000 atoms)

Applications:

EnzymesVirusesCatalytic mechanismsElectron transportEnergy transductionMotilityDrug DesignStructural genomics

SLS Detector Group

The SLS Pixel Detector


Size: 40 x 40 cm2 (0.16m2)

2000 x 2000 pixels

Pixel size: 217 x 217 m2

Modular detector -> dead area ~6% High frame rate: >10Hz

High duty cycle: >94% (Tro~6ms)

Base plate(water cooled)

Tilt angle: variable

Bank with5 modules

Moduleswith 16 chips

SLS Detector Group

Pixel Detectors: Principle


Pixel Sensor X-rays

Pixel Read-out Chip

0.2 m m

0.2 m m0.3 m m

Bum p Bonds

Sensor

Chip

GlobalTresh

Tresholdcorrection

CSAmp

Comp

Reset

BumpPad

Enable/Disable

-

+

Cal1.7fF

Analog Block Digital Block

15 bit SRcounter

ClockGen

RBI

RBO

ExtClock

Ext/CompClock

Detector

Pixel electronics

Radiation hard

n+

p+

n++

Al

X-rays

E drift V bias

+

-

Si pn-junction

3.6 eV to create 1 eh-pair

SLS Detector Group

Please see landscape-oriented supplement:

Slide 8: Bump-bonded ModuleSlide 9: PILATUS ModuleSlide 10: Final Module AssemblySlide 11: Bank With 3 ModulesSlide 12: Module FabricationSlide 15: Flat-field CorrectionSlide 18: Continuous Fine -SlicingSlide 19: Lysozyme: MOSFLM AutoindexSlide 20: Lysozyme: MOSFLM Refined Cell


Trimming A Module With A Global Vcmp

SLS Detector Group


Threshold vs. Vcmp

SLS Detector Group


PILATUS Detector Crystallography

Lysozyme1º rotation2 s exposure

SLS Detector Group


Rotation Angle (), deg.

Inte

grat

ed I

nten

sity

, x-r

ays

Fine -Slicing with PILATUS

Lysozyme:0.02° steps0.5 s exposureFWHM: 0.06° - 0.10°

1.5° Rotation Image

SLS Detector Group


SLS 2k 2k Pixel Detector

PIXEL:217 217 m2

Preamplifier and shaperThreshold discriminator with 4-bit trim15-bit counter>105 x-ray/s

CHIP:CMOS 0.8 m DMILL rad-hardDesigned at PSI44 78 pixels, 9.9 18.3 mm2

Read out at 10 MHz

MODULE:Fully depleted diode array81 36.6 mm2 300 m, 57,462 pixelsIndium bump-bonded to 16 chipsChips read out in parallel (5 ms)Module control board

BANK:5 modulesBank control board caches data

DETECTOR:12 banksAdjustable V-shape

With fine-slicing, a 180 rotation may produce2000 8 MB images (16 GB) in ~3 min.

SLS Detector Group

E. F. Eikenberry

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