E-democracy: Opportunities in the Western Balkan countries (EU comparison)

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Comparison of opportunities in the Western Balkan countries

description

E-democracy is considered imperative in the European Union (EU). As an emerging area of research, it promotes the utilisation of information and communications technology (ICT) among countries to promote democracy and the modernisation of public services. This study is based on a comparative analysis of ICT, democracy, e-government and e-participation in 7 countries, both EU and non-EU member states: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. This paper aims to evaluate the state of ICT uptake with levels of institutionalized democracy in relation to other EU member countries, utilising secondary data. The paper suggests understanding of ICT initiatives and present trends of e-government and e-participation initiatives among observed countries. The comparative analysis of the Balkan countries is mostly based on data provided by the United Nations (UN) e-government surveys. Additionally, data from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is analysed to observe ICT development in the analysed Balkan countries. Academic studies, reports by relevant international organisations, statistic analyses and interpolation have also been used.

Transcript of E-democracy: Opportunities in the Western Balkan countries (EU comparison)

  • 1. Comparison of opportunities in theWestern Balkan countries

2. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 3. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 4. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 5. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 6. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 7. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 8. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 9. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 10. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 11. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 12. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 13. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPAMeetolrraccbseei EEED---nnlmett-gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aaecggteheell House oooudffl ,aifi cnrxu dteeridvrlee democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpnwuhti aUroelnsSd o( eu$) Ip((-DEEmPPI)s sb(ui2nrb0ogs1a score eII -))n 3ctd/M--t hr*MMIAnAAdXeXX bie2pa change 0tInin1od2tn)1x0 e ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions.* 14. IUUUCNNNT Freedom PPMeeorrccbeeinnlett-EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn aacggeeell House oouffl aifinrx dteeidvle democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dpwuhiaroelnsd o( eu) Ip((-DEEmPPI)ssbuinrbogsa score eII -))n ctdhrbiepa M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX change tIninodtne 1x0 ssru 11 ( E(((npbeestrc 222G000111D244)in ( r12i00p01t3 2013-I))) - iio)MAX nnhsa 2014 (b2i0ta13n)1( b(2e0st14 ts 1), (2013)worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions. 15. PPeerrcceennttaaggee IUUUCNNNT Freedom EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn House ooff ifinxdeidv democracy ID i(nIInnedvddeexeelxx dwuiarelsd o( u)-Ip((DEEmPPI)sbinroga score eII -))n tdhbea M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX change Inndte 1x0 srunbestc 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)in (r2i0p1t3io) 2013-I))) - MAX 2014 ns (2013)1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions. 16. Percentage IUUUCNNNT Freedom EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn House of individuals democracy ID nIInnedvddeexeelxx o( using Ip((DEEmPPI)score eII -))n the M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX change Internet 1x0 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)in (2013-2013)I))) - MAX 2014 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions. 17. Percentage IUUUCNNNT Freedom EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn House of individuals democracy ID nIInnedvddeexeelxx o( using Ip((DEEmPPI)score eII -))n the M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX change Internet 1x0 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)in (2013-2013)I))) - MAX 2014 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7)Observed countries vary in the standard of living, measured as GNI,demonstrating slow growth, but with levels up to four times lowerthan the EU average. However, despite the lower GNI, trends of ICTraise in penetration and usage are closer to EU average. Theobserved countries showed greater usage of mobile phones than inother EU countries, while having considerably smaller number offixed broadband subscriptions. 18. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 IUUUCNNNT EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn ID nIInnedvddeexeelxx o( Ip((DEEmPPI)eII -))n M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX 1x0 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)I))) - MAX 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7) 19. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 IUUUCNNNT EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn ID nIInnedvddeexeelxx o( Ip((DEEmPPI)eII -))n M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX 1x0 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)I))) - MAX 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7) 20. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 IUUUCNNNT EEED---gppevoaaevrrltteoiirccpniippmmaaeettiinnoottnn ID nIInnedvddeexeelxx o( Ip((DEEmPPI)eII -))n M--t MMIAnAAdXeXX 1x0 11 ( E(((222G000111D244)I))) - MAX 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7) 21. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UUUNNN EEE---gppoaavrrtteiirccniippmaaettiinootnn D IInnevddeeelxxo p((EEmPPeII))n --t MMInAAdeXXx 11 ( E((22G0011D44I))) - MAX 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7) 22. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UUUNNN EEE---gppoaavrrtteiirccniippmaaettiinootnn D IInnevddeeelxxo p((EEmPPeII))n --t MMInAAdeXXx 11 ( E((22G0011D44I))) - MAX 1( b(2e0st14 1), worst 7) 23. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UUNN EE--ppaarrttiicciippaattiioonn IInnddeexx ((EEPPII)) -- MMAAXX 11 ((22001144)) (best 1, worst 7) 24. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UUNN EE--ppaarrttiicciippaattiioonn IInnddeexx ((EEPPII)) -- MMAAXX 11 ((22001144)) (best 1, worst 7) 25. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UN E-participation Index (EPI) - MAX 1 (2014) (best 1, worst 7) 26. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 UN E-participation Index (EPI) - MAX 1 (2014) (best 1, worst 7) 27. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 (best 1, worst 7) 28. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 (best 1, worst 7) 29. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 (best 1, worst 7) 30. Freedom House democracy score change in 2013-2014 (best 1, worst 7) 31. Comparison of opportunities in theWestern Balkan countries