E Business › coursefiles › ebusiness › Chapter_4_Big.pdf · • Cash flow positive for the...

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1 EBusiness Chapter 4: EBusiness Revenue Models Web Catalog Revenue Models Adapted from traditional catalogbased model Seller established brand image Seller established brand image Sold through printed information Mailed to prospective buyers Web sites expand traditional model Replace or supplement print catalogs Offer flexibility Order through Web site or telephone Payment though Web site, telephone, or mail Creates additional sales outlet

Transcript of E Business › coursefiles › ebusiness › Chapter_4_Big.pdf · • Cash flow positive for the...

Page 1: E Business › coursefiles › ebusiness › Chapter_4_Big.pdf · • Cash flow positive for the first time: Sep. 2009 • Network Externalities • Revenue Model – Advertising

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E‐BusinessChapter 4: E‐Business Revenue Models

Web Catalog Revenue Models

• Adapted from traditional catalog‐based model

– Seller established brand imageSeller established brand image

– Sold through printed information

• Mailed to prospective buyers

• Web sites expand traditional model

– Replace or supplement print catalogs

– Offer flexibility

• Order through Web site or telephone

• Payment though Web site, telephone, or mail

• Creates additional sales outlet

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Web Catalog Revenue Models

• Computers and consumer electronics

– Apple, Dell, Gateway, LG, Samsung

• Books, music, and videos

– Amazon, Barnes & Noble, CDNow, iTunes

• Luxury Goods

V W d V Bl Nil– Vera Wang and Versace, BlueNile

• Clothing retailers

– Abercrombie & Fitch, Ralph Lauren, Nike

• Flowers, gifts, general discounters

Web Catalog Examples

• E‐Mart

• Walmart

• Allied Electronics

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Digital Content Revenue Models

• Highly efficient distribution mechanism

• ProQuest: sells published documents’ digital copies

• Dow Jones newspaper publisher subscriptions– Digitized newspaper, magazine, and journal content

• Association for Computer Machinery: digital p y glibrary

• Sellers of adult digital content– Pioneered online credit card payment processing

Advertising Revenue Models

• United States network television

– Provides free programming and advertising messages

• Site visitor views problem (measuring and charging)

– Stickiness

• Keeping visitors at site and attracting repeat visitors

• Exposed to more advertising in sticky site

• Demographic Information

– Characteristics set used to group visitors

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Advertising Revenue Models

• Successful sites attract specific groups

– About.com, HowStuffWorks, Drudge Report

• Web portals 

– Yahoo!

• First Web directory

• Search engine results presented on separate pageg p p p g

• Search term triggered advertising

Advertising Revenue Models

• Newspaper publishers

– Publish print content on Web

– Internet Public Library Online Newspapers page

• Links to worldwide newspaper sites

– Newspaper’s Web presence

• Provides greater exposure and advertising audience

• Print edition sales loss (difficult to measure)

• Operating costs not covered by advertising revenue

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Advertising Revenue Models

• Targeted classified advertising sites

– More successful at generating adverting revenue

– Web site profit potential

• Specialize in classified advertising

• Targeted classified advertising sites (cont’d.)

– CraigslistCraigslist

Facebook Revenue Model

• Cash flow positive for the first time: Sep. 2009

• Network Externalities

• Revenue Model

– Advertising (Targeted Ads)

– E‐Commerce (Virtual Gifts)

A li ti (U l t d)– Applications (User selected)

• Targeted Facebook ads

– Available to anybody (individuals or companies)

– Based on demographics, keywords, profiles

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Advertising‐Subscription Review Models

• Subscribers

– Pay fee and accept advertising

– Typically less advertising

• Compared to advertising‐supported sites

• Web sites offer different degrees of success

– The New York Times (today)The New York Times (today)

• Bulk of revenue derived from advertising

– The Wall Street Journal (mixed model)

• Subscription revenue weighted more heavily

Advertising‐Subscription Review Models

• Business Week

– Mixed revenue model variation

• Free content at online site

• Requires paid subscription to print magazine

• Archived article additional charge (over five years old)

• ESPN

– Leverages brand name from cable television business

– Sells advertising, offers free information

– Collects Insider subscriber revenue

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Fee‐for‐Transaction Revenue Model

• Service fee based on transaction number or isize

• Web site offers visitor personal service

– Formerly, human agents provided service

• Value chain

Disintermediation– Disintermediation

• Intermediary (human agent) removed

– Reintermediation

• New intermediary (fee‐for‐transaction Web site) introduced

Fee‐for‐Transaction Revenue Model

• Online Travel Agents (Travelocity, Expedia, Orbitz)

• Automobile Sales (carsDirect)

• Stockbrokers (eTrade)

• Insurance Brokers (Progressive)

• Event Tickets (Ticketmaster)

• Online Banking (Shinhan, Daegu Bank)

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Fee‐for‐Service Revenue Model

• Companies offer web service

– Music

– Movies

– Television

– Video Games

• Professional ServicesProfessional Services

– Privacy Protection

– Web Hosting

– Online Dating

Revenue Models in Transition

• Need to change revenue model

– When Web users’ needs change

• Conditions after 2000

– Funding became scarce

• Unprofitable growth phase

– Change model or go out of businessChange model or go out of business

• Understand your customers!

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Revenue Strategy Issues

• Implementations issues

– Channel conflict and cannibalization

– Strategic alliances and channel distribution management

– Mobile commerce

Channel Conflict

• Channel conflict (cannibalization)

– Company Web site sales activities interfere with existing sales outlets

• Retail distribution partner issues

– Levis: stopped selling products on company Web site

• Site now provides product information

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Strategic Alliances

• Strategic alliance

– Two or more companies join forces

• Undertake activity over long time period

– Joining Web sites with channel distribution management firms

• Amazon.com

– Joined with Target, Borders, CDnow, ToyRUs

Mobile Commerce

• Few companies successful generating i ifi tsignificant revenues

– NTT’s DoCoMo I‐Mode service (Japan cell phone)

• Send short messages, play games, obtain weather forecasts

– AvantGo (United States)

• Offers channels of information as PDA downloads

• Mobile commerce: $30 billion by 2015

– mCommerce accounted for 1% of EC Sales in 2010

• Smart Phones are now leading the way!

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Creating an Effective Web Presence

• Organization’s presence

– Public image conveyed to stakeholders

– Stakeholders 

• Customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, neighbors, general public

• Effective Web presence

– Critical 

• Even for smallest and newest Web operating firms

• America versus Korea?

– How important is a web presence?

Identifying Web Presence Goals

• Business physical space

– Focus on very specific objectives

• Not image driven

• Must satisfy many business needs

• Fails to convey good presence

• Good Web site design

– Provides effective image‐creation features

– Provides effective image‐enhancing features

• Serves as sales brochure, product showroom, financial report, employment ad, customer contact point

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Identifying Web Presence Goals

• Making Web presence consistent with brand imageimage

– Different firms establish different Web presence goals

– Coca Cola pages

• Usually include trusted corporate image (Coke bottle)

• Traditional position as a trusted classic

P i– Pepsi pages

• Usually filled with hyperlinks to activities and product‐related promotions

• Upstart product favored by younger generation

Achieving Web Presence Goals

• Effective site creates attractive presence

M t b i i ti bj ti– Meets business or organization objectives

• Objectives

– Attract visitors to the Web site

– Make site interesting

– Convince visitors to follow site’s links

Create impression consistent with organization’s desired– Create impression consistent with organization s desired image

– Build trusting relationship with visitors

– Reinforce positive image

– Encourage visitors to return

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Web Site Usability

• Current Web presences

– Few businesses accomplish all goals

– Most fail to provide visitors sufficient interactive contact opportunities

– Improve Web presence

• Make site accessible to more people

• Make site easier to use

• Make site encourage visitors’ trust 

• Develop feelings of loyalty toward organization

Web Site Visitors

• Successful Web businesses:

R li i i i i l ( )– Realize every visitor is a potential customer (partner)

• Crafting Web presence is an important concern

– Know visitor characteristic variations

• Visitor at site for a reason 

• Visitors have:Visitors have:

– Various needs, experience, expectations, technology

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Visitor Motivations

• Learning about company products or services

• Buying products or services

• Obtaining warranty, service, repair policy information 

• Obtaining general company information

• Obtaining financial information

• Identifying people

• Obtaining contact information

Web Site Accessibility

• Build Interface Flexibility

– Offer text‐only version

• Use description tags for images (hearing impaired)

• Use smaller (optimized) graphic images

P id t i ti h l• Provide two‐way communication channel

• Choose a domain name that is easy to remember

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Trust and Loyalty

• Creates relationship value

• Good service leads to seller trust

– Delivery, order handling, help selecting product, after‐sale support

• Satisfactory service builds customer loyalty

• It costs more money to attract a new• It costs more money to attract a new customer than it does to keep an existing customer

Connecting With Customers

• Important element of a corporate Web presence

• Identify and reach out to customers

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Nature of Web Communication

• Personal contact (prospecting)

E l i di id ll h f lif t t t ti l– Employees individually search for, qualify, contact potential customers

• Mass media

– Deliver messages by broadcasting

• Addressable media

Advertising efforts directed to known addressee– Advertising efforts directed to known addressee

• Internet medium

– Occupies central space in medium choice continuum

Web Communications

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Summary

• Six main approaches to generate Web revenueb l d l– Web Catalog Revenue Models

– Digital Content Revenue Models

– Advertising Revenue Models

– Advertising‐Subscription Review Models

– Fee‐for‐Transaction Revenue Model

Fee for Service Revenue Model– Fee‐for‐Service Revenue Model

• Web site usability

• Customer focus