Dyspnea (cardio) pathology
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Transcript of Dyspnea (cardio) pathology
Dyspnea
Dyspnea • Dyspnea or shortness of breath is an abnormal awareness of
respiration• Dyspnea in heart disease is precipitated or exacerbated by
exertion but may occur at rest• It results from elevated left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure• Hypoxia• Result of left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction• Valvular obstruction
Grading of dyspnea by (NYH)Grade 1 No breathlessness
Grade 2 Breathlessness on severe exertion
Grade 3 Breathlessness on mild exertion
Grade 4 Breathlessness at rest
Types of cardiac dyspnea
• There are three type of cardiac dyspnea
• Acute pulmonary edema• Angina equivalent• Chronic heart failular
Acute pulmonary edema
• Develops from • Acute myocardial infarction (in previously healthy heart)• Atrial fibrillation (in previously heart disease)
• Symptoms Suddenly develop shortness of breath
Distress
Agitation Cyanosis with coughing Wheezing Sputum may profuseFrothy of blood-streaked or pink Heart auscultation reveals
crepitation and rhonchi
Angina equivalent
• When shortness of breath is the dominant or sole feature of myocardial ischemia instead of chest pain this is called angina equivalent
• In old people present ischemia with shortness of breath without feature of pulmonary edema
• ECG show st change • Treatment of angina relieves shortness of breath even
without diuretics
Shortness of breath (dyspnea)System Acute dyspnea at rest Chronic exertional
dyspnea Cardiovascular Acute pulmonary edema
Myocardia ischemia (angina may present just with dyspnea and this presentation is called angina equivalent)
Chronic heart failureMyocardial ischemia (angina may present jut dystaca and this presentation is called angina equivalent)
Chronic heart failure
• Orthopnea is dyspnea that occur during supine position (recumbency) as a result from increase venous return
Paroxysmal Nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is the shortness of breath that occurs abruptly 30 min to 2 hours after going to bed and is relieved by sitting up or standing up