Dynamics of Population Education
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Transcript of Dynamics of Population Education
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DYNAMICS OF POPULATION EDUCATION
Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies
short-term and long-term changes in the size and age
composition of populations
Population dynamics deals with the way populations areaffected by birth and death rates, and by immigration and
emigration, and studies topics such as ageing populations or
population decline.
Demography - vital statistics about people, such as births anddeaths
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1. AFFECTS OF WORLD WAR-II ON POPULATION
Developing countries
Poverty, Illiteracy, Economic problems, over population
Developed countriesUrbanization, industrialization, pollution, negative
Population growth
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2. POPULATION CHANGING FACTORS
Birth
Death
Migration & others
Fertility, mortality,
Marriages, divorce
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3. POPULATION STUDY IS CONCERNED
Collection of data (all above)
Analysis of data ( all above)
Interpretation of data
Then long term and short term plans are initiated
Different questions relating to population required careful
objectives and systematic study of the population
Population policies are based on some of the important
questions.
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Important Questions
Is population growing larger. ? Is population becoming smaller or remaining constant. ?
What are ages and sexes of population. ?
Are people shifting from rural to urban areas.?
What are the proportions of single, married, widowed ordivorced
people
What are the current trends in marital status. ?
Will immigration remain at the same level. ?
Are we having fewer or more children and how this will affectthe
future.?
Will we need more homes , doctors and edul instts (kinds).?
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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Date is usually based on two major information about
individual (s):
1. Characteristics of age, sex, residence and events
2. Information about rate of births, deaths, marriages,divorces
Census method (official)
Enumeration of the total population at a given point of timeCollecting, compiling, publishing demographic, economic and
social data pertaining to specific time
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BASIC CONCEPTS
Population Change: Changes in the size of population (+ or -)
Changes in the growth of population: Fertility (birth rate)
20 per 1000
Mortality (death rate) 15 per 1000 and Migration
Rate of Change refers to natural increase + net migrationThe difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate
is called rate of natural increase
difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period
of time, divided (usually) per 1,000 inhabitants
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Natural increase= Births__ Deaths (200-80)If No. of deaths greater than number of birth then N.I isexpressed =(-)
Population Growth= Natural increase + Net migration=Births- Deaths+ In migration- out Migration)
Birth rate + Total No. of Births x 1000Total Population
Crude birth rate - number of births per year per thousandpeople
Crude death rate- number of deaths per year per thousandpeople
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Population change and economic change
Pic-1 population more than resources. Resources unable toabsorb large number of people hence thee is unemployment
and poverty
Pic-2 Population as asset , vital factor in developmentprocess. Hr of a country can play vital role in over all
economic development
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FERTILITY (No. of children per woman) Measurement:
Average no. of children born by a woman
FERTILITY RATE average number of children per 1000 womenof child bearing age 15-44)
FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY
Decrease in Mortality lowers fertility
Age at marriage : lower age longer reproductive
period
Women Education: highly educated women prefer small
family and has lower fertility rate than lower educatedwomen
Fertility and social economic status: high socio
economic status (+, -)
Fertility and Rural Urban Distribution; (+, -)
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Mortality
Mortality: No. of deaths among the components of
population. Important role in population growth. Decline of
mortality due to many factors.(D, UD)
Factors of high mortality in past: Food shortage, Epidemics,
War Losses, Poor conditions of living etc.
Factors of decline in mortality in developed countries
Eco development, sanitary reforms, pub health measures, soc reforms,
adv: in medicines
Infant Mortality: death of children before 1 year of age. These
deaths are being decreased..(D, UD)
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Migration
Migration: vague term different meanings,
(Gen: mobility that involves change of residence between
defined political/geographical areas, or between residence
areas of different types)
Migration is movement from one place to another with or
outside the country
UNESCO: mig is movement from one region to another for the
purpose of settlement.
Types: Internal and International Migration
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How it is measured In migrants A to B (B in migrants)
Out migrants A to B (A out migrants)
In and out migrants within the country Net migration= in-migrants - out-migrants
More in migration is express (+) and more out migration is
expressed (-)These 2 types of migrations have no affect on countrys populationsize, change but is concerned with populationdistribution/urbanization etc.
External Migration: Movement from one to other countryEmigration: examples
Immigrants:..
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Factors of migration
Push Factors: Problems , lack of basic facilities,Educational facilities
Pull Factors: Opportunities, facilities
Trend: R/U mig (15/34 yrs, edu, employment)
R/U more educated people, Male migrants
Others, economic, social, geographical, political, religious
factors
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Overpopulation
Ratio of population to available resources
Over population (10, facilities to 9 then it is over)
Over population (10, facilities to 10 then no over)
Causes of Overpopulation
High birth rate Decline in death rate
Improved medical facilities
Illiteracy
Conservative philosophy of family life Joint family system
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Over Population Trains
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Suggestions
Reduction of birth rates/accelerating rate of
economic development
Control birth rate, Family planning compaign
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Zeero Population: deaths and births rates are
equal ( no increase or decrease in population)
Negative Population/under population
If birth rates less than death rate
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Population, 2011 and 2050
China 1,346
India 1,241
United States 312
Indonesia 238 Brazil 197
Pakistan 177
Nigeria 162
Bangladesh 151
Russia 143
Japan 128
1. India 1,692
2. China 1,313
3. Nigeria 433
4. United States 423
5. Pakistan 314
6. Indonesia 309
7. Bangladesh 226
8. Brazil 2239. Ethiopia 174
10. Philippines 150