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Development challenges

• Poverty, food insecurity partly caused by water scarcity and land degradation through agriculture

• People must learn to produce more with less water while reversing land degradation

• People must change the way water and land resources are managed

CRP 5: Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation

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Goal• To sustainably improve livelihoods, reduce poverty, and ensure food security

through research-based solutions to water scarcity, land degradation and ecosystem sustainability

Objectives• Enhance and safeguard land and water access for the poor to sustainably

benefit from resource use

• Deliver greater water and land productivity in rainfed and irrigated systems for crops, fisheries and aquaculture, livestock, and agroforestry to cope with water scarcity and land degradation

• Improve land and soil health and water quality to reverse widespread degradation of agricultural production systems

• Enhance ecosystem services and resilience by enhancing the ability of people to manage water and land to sustain ecosystem services within and beyond agroecosystems as influenced by agricultural practices

• Change actions, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs reflected in practices and policies within communities of stakeholders (farmers, researchers, public sector officials in water and related sectors, politicians and the private sector)

CRP 5: Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation

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Best bets (solutions to water scarcity, land degradation and ecosystem

sustainability)

• Rainfed: how to improve soil fertility, land and water management to unlock the potential of rainfed agriculture while reversing trends of ecosystems degradation?

• Irrigation: what must we do to revitalize irrigation in Africa and Asia?

• Wastewater: how can we enhance food security by recovering nutrients and other resources from solid and liquid waste streams?

• Basins: how do we manage water and land resources in major agricultural river basins in ways that meet the needs of people and ecosystems?

CRP 5: Water Scarcity and Land Degradation

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Best bets - continued

• Groundwater: how do we make groundwater use sustainable?

• Pastoral: what changes are needed in land and water management to support pastoral livelihoods?

• Ecosystems: how do we improve ecosystem resilience and services to provide farmers and pastoralists with production systems that have increased adaptability to environmental changes?

• Information systems: how can we use land, water and ecosystems information systems to generate evidence-based policy recommendations?

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Outputs• Development of research informed investment packages including out-scaling

strategies, opportunities and supportive policy programs for rainfed areas• New options for sustainable water and land productivity in water-scarced

environment developed and disseminated • New insights developed and communicated on nutrient replenishment, food

production systems, organic and biofertilizers, carbon sequestration etc• Training materials developed and links to training institutes formed

Outcomes• In 3 years, documented use of tools generated by the program in 10 sites• In 6 years, sizeable investment programs into water and land practices,

improved capacity to carry out integrated soil, water, and ecosystem research

CRP 5: Rainfed systems

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Outputs• A standardized performance benchmark methodology applied across 20 case

study systems with management improvement plans• A tool kit of options and capacity building materials for improving the

management design and performance of surface irrigation

Outcomes• In 3 years, A community of practice jointly assessing performance and

developing improvement options across 40 irrigation systems in Africa and Asia

• In 6 years, in 10 irrigation systems, documented changes attributable to CRP5 in institutions for managing for more accountability resulting in better service to farmers and multiple users, increased water productivity and environmental measures

• Documented cases of investors and designers using these materials in 3 new irrigation systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

CRP 5: Revitalizing surface irrigation:

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Outputs• Participatory mapping, assessment and planning techniques of rangeland

resource conditions and use• Assessment of costs and benefits of various institutions, policy and practice

changes in terms of livelihood restoration and ecosystems service• New insights into relationships between water access and pastoral

livelihoods, opportunities to better use rain water, opportunities for carbon sequestration, valuation of rangeland of biodiversity.

Outcomes• In 3 years: Communities in 3 locations use the tools and information

emanating from the program• In 6 years: Documentation of interventions on policy changes and

investments based on program activities in 3 areas.

CRP 5: Pastoral systems :

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Outputs• Science-based policy investment and management options that include levels

outside the groundnut water and water-resource sector• An analysis of the role of ground water and conjunctive use systems and how

they can be relied upon and affected by climate change • A training module for formal groundwater management agencies covering an

array of social and technical issues that go beyond monitoring the resource base

Outcomes• Documented change in strategy, policy and practices in 4 different regions in

Asia• 200 groundwater specialists trained within 6 years.• In 6 years, stimulation of groundwater use in 2 under-utilized areas in Africa

through an improved knowledge base and the provision of reasonably priced technologies and water supplies that boost production and income

CRP 5: Ground water management :

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Outputs• Innovative agricultural reuse and treatment models for waste water, excreta and

organic waste that delivers social and financial return• Global map of waste water and excreta reuse and assessment of consumer

risks and benefits • Options for reuse of waste streams including on-farm and off-farm opportunities

for reducing microbial contamination of water resources• Business models to make an asset out of waste water

Outcomes• Increased institutional and public knowledge on the extent of water, organic

matter, and nutrient recovery of waste streams, related risks and benefits and agronomically, economically and socially viable options for up-scaling and out-scaling resource recovery models.

CRP 5: Resource Recovery

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Outputs• Guidelines for selection and evaluation of individual water storage options and their

combination at the basin scale that take into account the magnitude and distribution of benefits and costs and the role of infrastructure in managing hydrological extremes

• Guidelines for allocating and managing water in the basin to reduce poverty, risk, increase productivity, improve energy, manage the effects of hydrological extremes and provide for ecosystems services and take account of water rights

• Options for increased water and land productivity at basin scale• Institutional options for benefit sharing mechanism to improve the livelihoods of upstream

communities, conserve fragile upland areas, reduce sediment flows and improve downstream water availability

• Methods for analyzing trade offs between water and land users

Outcomes• Discussions in investment and water allocation in 5 river basins• Benefit sharing mechanisms are in use in 5 locations• Improved research capacity to analyze benefits, improve water and land monitoring and

mitigating negative impacts of anthropogenic interventions • In 10 years, basin managers successfully manage water scarcity

CRP 5: Basins

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Outputs• Insights into the levels and scales at which ecosystems components provide services that help

reduce poverty• Identification of management practices and incentive systems to enhance or create ecosystems

services for current and future use to reduce poverty across CRP5 Best Bets and in support of other CRPs

• Identification of custodians of ecosystem resources across key research sites with action plan for creating enabling policy to support them

• Methods to test, monitor and evaluate the impact of intervention aimed at promoting the use, maintenance and enhancement of ecosystem resource in support of the rural poor

Outcomes• After 6 years in 10 areas, document success of interventions• Farmers and resource managers are moving towards insurance policies comprised of multiple ways

to better use soil, water ,and biotic resources that enhance ecosystem services• Natural resource managers will support and create partnerships with small scale producers who use

water, soil and biotic management, methods that reduce vulnerability in the production system while at the same time maintaining productivity

• Consumer and retailer norms and behaviors are supporting agricultural production systems that reduce vulnerability

• Policies, legal measures and incentives that support production systems with less dependent on external inputs

CRP 5: Ecosystems

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Information sharing

• Outputs• Agro‐ecosystem information systems comprised of: Comprehensive, web‐enabled agro‐ecosystem database and map server for

CGIAR regions, of soil and vegetation conditions and water resources status.• A Sentinel Site Surveillance System consisting of a set of well characterized, long‐

term monitoring sites within CG benchmark sites, including over 60 sites under the Africa Soil

• Information Service, as a resource for intervention evaluation, ecosystem monitoring, model building and validation

• Scenario, simulation and statistical models for a range of land and water management decision problems, including land and water resource evaluation and planning, watershed management, soil and livestock management, and water supply and demand modeling.

• Increased capacity of regional and national organizations to design and apply environmental information and surveillance systems, including end user cases, decision profiles and example decision support modules.

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Information sharing

Outcomes• Land and water information and surveillance systems are adopted as an

integral part of decision making processes on land and water management in regional, national and local systems, resulting in policies and practices that are well targeted at key risks to land, water and ecosystem health.

• Documentation of 6 cases.

• A wide range of stakeholders engaged with land and water management, from international and regional policy makers and donors to individual users of the information and surveillance systems.

• Fifty thousand people will be using the information.

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• IWMI (lead center) to sign performance contracts with consortium board, centers and other institutions who will be responsible for leading best bets

• Steering committee – comprises main CG (based on financial contributions >USD4

million) and external partners – TORs of steering committee: overall strategic and annual

workplans, approve budget allocation, oversee annual performance reporting processes, & oversee monitoring and evaluation processes

• Scientific and Impact Advisory Committee– Specific advice on scientific directions, science quality and

feasibility of proposed approaches– Specific advice on partnership and uptake/impact strategies– Oversight and advice on gender and capacity building issues

CRP 5: Governance and management

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• Management committee (Program Director plus leaders of each of the Best Bets)

– planning scientific delivery of CRP outputs via the development of rolling annual workplans and strategic reviews of progress

– recommend budget allocations among centers

– Integrate across and within CRPs ‐ bringing context, contribution and synergy between different CRPs and CRP components

– Facilitate collective agreement on equitable mechanisms, processes and decision criteria for funding allocations

– Submission of CRP documentation and funding requests through the lead centre

– Development of and reporting against annual CRP budgets in collaboration with all partners

– CRP communications planning, reporting against workplans, milestones and outcomes

– Initial dispute arbitration

CRP 5: Governance and management

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Principal partner’s 2009 audited budget + 10%

– 2011: $78.586 million

– 2012: $85.424 million

– 2013: $93.953 million

• IITA role

– Minor (soil fertility management & SP-IPM)

– 2.85% (total budget request)

Impact Areas (regions)

• Latin America, sub Saharan Africa , West, Central, & South Asia

Partners

• IWMI (lead center), African Rice, bioversity, CIAT, CIP, CPWF, IITA, ICARDA, ICRAF, ICRISAT, IFPRI, ILRI, IRRI, World Fish center plus others non CG organizations

CRP 5: Budgets, Impact Areas and Partners