Durability testing and limiting values

for special concretes

Dr. Prakash Nanthagopalan

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology

Bombay

Dr. Pasala Dinakar

Assistant Professor

School of Infrastructure

Indian Institute of Technology

Bhubaneswar

Durability of concrete

Service Environment & Transport properties

Microstructure

Mixture composition & Construction process

Diffusion

Absorption

Permeation

2

3

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)

Essential properties

of SCC

Segregation Resistance

SCC

Limited aggregate

content

4

Why Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)?

Concrete Construction Practices

DurabilityStrength

Durability of SCC

• Durability Paradox

• RILEM TC 205 report – Durability of SCC

5

Durability test methods for SCC

• Gas (Oxygen) permeability

• Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT)

• Rapid Chloride Migration Test (RCMT)

• Water absorption

• Sorptivity

• Water permeability

• Carbonation

6

Gas (Oxygen) permeability

7Boel et al. 2008

Gas permeability-SCC

8

Boel et al. 2008

Gas permeability-SCC

9

Zhu and Bartos, 2003

Pressure = 0.5 to 2 bar

Gas permeability-SCC

10

Pressure = 2 bar

Assie et al. 2007

Gas permeability- LWAC

11

Gesoglu et al. 2013

Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT)

12

Bagheri and Zanganeh, 2012

RCPT - SCC

13Nehdi et al. 2004

RCPT – SCC

14

Uysal et al. 2012

Char

ges

pas

sed (

Coulo

mbs)

RCPT - SCC

15

Siddique and Aggarwal, 2010

16

Days

Kanellopoulos et al. 2012

RCPT - SCC

RCPT - SCC (IIT BBS)

17

RCPT – HSC (IIT BBS)

18

RCPT – LWAC (IIT BBS)

0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55water binder ratio

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

Co

mp

res

siv

e s

tre

ng

th (

MP

a)

LWC

NWC

water binder ratio

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Ch

arg

e p

as

se

d [

Co

ulo

mb

s]

0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

NWC

LWC

19

RCPT - LWAC

20

Gesoglu et al. 2013

Rapid Chloride Migration Test (RCMT)

21

Bagheri and Zanganeh,

2012

Luo and Schutter 2008

22

Zhu and Bartos, 2003

RCMT - SCC

RCMT- SCC

23

(Schutter and Audenaert, 2004)

Water Absorption Test (WAT)

24

WAT - SCC

25

(Schutter and Audenaert, 2004)

WAT - SCC (IITBBS)

26

WAT – HSC (IITBBS)

27

Sorptivity – Capillary Water absorption

28

RILEM TC 116-PCD, 1999

Zhu and Bartos, 2003

Sorptivity - SCC

29Zhu and Bartos, 2003

Sorptivity - SCC

30

Kanellopoulos et al. 2012

Sorptivity - HSC (IIT Madras)

31

Sorptivity - LWAC

32Gesoglu et al. 2013

Water Impermeability Test (WIT)

33Uysal et al. 2012

WIT - SCC

34

Wate

r P

enetr

ation d

epth

(m

m)

Uysal et al. 2012

WIT – SCC (IIT BBS)

35

WIT - SCC

36

Ramezanianpour et al. 2010

Accelerated Carbonation Test – SCC

37Assie et al. 2007

Accelerated Carbonation Test - SCC

38

Age of specimens – 90 days

Car

bonat

ion D

epth

(m

m)

Parra et al. 2010

Limiting values for SCC

39

Tests Range of values

Gas (Oxygen) permeability 0.3 to 0.6 10 -12 m2

RCPT (Charge passed) 100 to1000 coulombs

RCMT 5 to15 10 -12 m2/s

Water absorption 4 to 6 %

Sorptivity 0.06 to 0.12 mm/min0.5

Water Penetration (depth) 5 to 10 mm

Accelerated Carbonation Test 5 to 10 mm

RILEM Technical Committee

Reports on Durability• Technical Committee 230-PSC: Performance-based specifications and control of concrete

durability

• Technical Committee 235-CTC: Corrosion initiating chloride threshold concentrations in

concrete

• Technical Committee 246-TDC: Test methods to determine durability of concrete under

combined environmental actions and mechanical load

• Technical Committee 247-DTA: Durability testing of alkali-activated materials

• Technical Committee 211-PAE: Performance of cement-based materials in aggressive

aqueous environments

• Technical Committee 213-MAI: Model assisted integral service life prediction of steel

reinforced concrete structures with respect to corrosion induced damage

• Technical Committee 214-CCD: Concrete cracking and its relation to durability: Integrating

material properties with structural performance 40

RILEM Reports on Durability (Contd..)• 004-CDC: Durability of concrete

• 012-CRC: Concrete reinforcements corrosion

• 016-C: Investigation on carbonation

• 032-RCA: Resistance of concrete to chemical attack

• 060-CSC: Corrosion of steel in concrete

• 071-PSL: Prediction of service life of building materials and components

• 102-AFC: Ageing and durability of fibre concrete

• 106-AAR: Alkali-aggregate reaction

• 116-PCD: Permeability of concrete as a criterion of its durability

• 117-FDC: Freeze-thaw and de-icing resistance of concrete

• 130-CSL: Calculation methods for service life design of concrete structures

• 140-TSL: Prediction of service life of building materials and components

• 146-TCF: Tightness of concrete with respect to fluids

• 156-CPD: Durability of concrete polymer composites

• 160-MLN: Methodology for life prediction of concrete structures in nuclear power plants

• 177-MDT: Masonry durability and on-site testing

• 178-TMC: Testing and modelling chloride penetration in concrete

• 186-ISA: Internal sulfate attack

• 191-ARP: Alkali-reactivity and prevention - Assessment, specification and diagnosis of alkali-reactivity

• 204-LTP: Life time performance of materials and structures

• 205-DSC: Durability of Self-Compacting Concrete41

ACI Technical committee

Reports on durability

• 201 - Durability of Concrete

• 201-0A Durability-Sulfate Attack

• 350-0B - Durability

• 440-0L FRP-Durability

• 544-0F FRC-Durability

• 562-0F Durability

42

References• Assie´, S., Escadeillas, G. and Waller, V. (2007) Estimates of self-compacting concrete ‘potential’ durability, Construction and Building

Materials, Vol. 21, 1909–1917.

• Bagheri, A. R. and Zanganeh, H. (2012), Comparison of Rapid Tests for Evaluation of Chloride Resistance of Concretes with

Supplementary Cementitious Materials, ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 24, 1175-1182.

• Boel, V., Audenaert, K. and De Schutter, G. (2008) Gas permeability and capillary porosity of self-compacting concrete, Materials and

Structures, Vol. 41, 1283–1290.

• De Schutter, G. and Audenaert, K. (2004) Evaluation of water absorption of concrete as a measure for resisitance against carbonation and

chloride migration, Materials and Structures, Vol. 37, 591-596.

• De Schutter, G. Durability of SCC – From Materials to Structures, Proceedings of 6th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting

Concrete, Vol. II, Canada, 2010, 45-51.

• Gesog˘lu, M., Guneyisi, E., Ali, B. and Mermerdas, K. (2013) Strength and transport properties of steam cured and water cured lightweight

aggregate concretes, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 49, 417– 424.

• Luo, L. and De Schutter, G. (2008) Influence of corrosion inhibitors on concrete transport properties, Materials and Structures, Vol. 41,

1571-1579.

• Nehdi, M., Pardhan, M. and Koshowshi, S. (2004) Durability of Self-consolidating concrete incorporating high volume replacement

composite cements, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, 2130-2112.

• Parra, C., Valcuende, M., García, L., Rodriguez, C. and Garrido, A. Influence of Viscosity Modifying Admixtures and Limestone Filler on

the Durability of Self- Compacting Concrete, Proceedings of 6th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Vol. II,

Canada, 2010, 1039 and 1047.

• Ramezanianpour, A. A., Samadian, M. and Mahdikhani, M. Evaluation of Pozzolanic Materials on Mechanical Properties and Durability of

High-Performance Self- Consolidating Concrete (HPSCC), Proceedings of 6th International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting

Concrete, Vol. II, Canada, 2010, 127 – 135.

• RILEM TC 116-PCD (1999) Permeability of concrete as a criterion of its durability – Recommendations, Materials and Structures, Vol. 32,

174-179.

• RILEM Technical Committee (2008) Final report of RILEM TC 205-DSC: Durability of self-compacting concrete, Materials and Structures,

Vol. 41, 225-233.

• Siddique, R. and Aggarwal, P. Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Class-F Fly Ash, Proceedings of 6th International RILEM

Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Vol. II, Canada, 2010, 171-180.

• Uysal, M., Yilmaz, K. and Ipek, M. (2012) The effect of mineral admixtures on mechanical properties, chloride ion permeability and

impermeability of self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 27, 263–270.

• Zhu, W. and Bartos, P. J. M. (2003) Permeation properties of self-compacting concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, 921–926.43

Thank you

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