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NAPHTHENATE-BASED DRIERS

These driers are metallic soaps of naphthenic acid, in combination with synthetic acids. Theyare stable and extremely soluble in all the usual vehicles and thinners. Naphthenic acid itself is apetroleum derivative and is not a pure chemical compound. By special processes, naphthenic acidsare rened through vacuum distillation and fractionation thus maintaining standardized high qualityin the nished products. Naphthenates have been traditionally used as driers.

This line of driers is prepared from carefully selected C8...C12 branched chain synthetic acids,mainly 2-ethylhexanoic acid (for octoates) and neodecanoic acid (for neodecanoates). The blends of

acid are chosen to maximize stability and other properties of the individual metal salt. The productsare available at high metal concentrations, resulting in further savings, as well as in the traditionalmetal concentrations.

reducible systems. Auxiliary Driers DriCAT16 and 18 pro vide outstanding drying performance in mostcoating vehicles, particularly when drying is performed under adverse environmental conditions.DriCAT 7 provides both surface and through dry with just one drier addition. Maximum speed of dry,dry retention, gloss and gloss retention is attained while yielding tough, water-resistant coatings.

Paints based on carbon blacks, organic pigments and similar pigments having large surfaceareas may lose the initial drying properties because of physical and chemical adsorption reactions be-tween the drier and the pigment surface. This so-called loss of dry phenomenon can be avoided byadding the proper loss of dry inhibito r, Duroct Cobalt 21, Durastab LF .

WATER-DISPERSIBLE DRIERS

This line of water-dispersible driers was especially developed for use in water soluble alkyds,oils, urethanes and alkyd-emulsion vehicles. These driers may be incorporated during the let-downoperation with simple agitation. Howeve r, it is recommended to pre-mix the product with the binder orwater (approx. 10% solution). This reduces the risk of occulation or coagulation. Our WDX driershave been specically formulated for ease of incorporation into the coating. However, premixing ofthe driers with water or glycols/glycol ethers is recommended to further improve drier compatibility toavoid the problems associated with drier incompatibility due to solvent polarity differences.

SYNTHETIC DRIERS

COMBINATION DRIERS

LOSS OF DRY INHIBITORS

DriCAT 10 Catalyst gives optimum drier activity and stability with minimum loss of dry in water

DRIER RECOMMENDATIONS

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DURA offers an extensive line of driers for low-VOC, high-solids alkyd systems. In addition tothe conventional driers, we of fer a number of specialty driers specically formulated for these sys -tems, including DriCAT 3 (vanadium), DriCAT 12 (neodymium) and Dural A-MS (aluminum). Thesedriers promote improved dry times for difcult to cure systems with excellent nal lm properties.

XL Dri is a chelating agent, free of metals. It is used in water-borne systems as a loss of dry inhibitor and in high solid alkyds in which wrinkling effects are prevented.

DURA offers a line of water-dispersible driers that can be used in alkyd dispersions/emulsions.Our WDX driers have been specically formulated for ease of incorporation into the coating. How -

ever, premixing of the driers with water or glycols/glycol ethers is recommended to further improvedrier compatibility to avoid the problems associated with drier incompatibility due to solvent polaritydifferences. We also offer DriCAT 507 as a cobalt-containing drier blend for these systems as wellas DriCAT 508 as a cobalt-free drier for urethane alkyds.

DURA offers a line of Ultra-Low VOC Driers formulated in methyl soyate as solvent with non-volatile matter in excess of 95%. These driers are ideal for very low VOC coatings. These drierscan be readily incorporated into most solventborne coatings and have also been found to be

compatible and stable in a number of waterborne resins, especially alkyd emulsions. Driers basedon cobalt, manganese, calcium and zirconium are immediately available while other metals can beprovided upon request.

DURA can provide a variety of combination driers upon request. The mentioned types are just some examples.

DriCAT 408 is a special cobalt-free drier catalyst for oxidatively drying urethane alkyd lacquers.Clear oor coatings based on urethane modied lacquers show mostly a dark color when cobalt isused as a drier. DriCAT 408 is a drier complex that can be combined with, for example, zirconium andcalcium and will assure good drying properties of urethane alkyds while keeping the hue as light aspossible.

DriCAT 408 SPECIAL COBALT-FREE DRIER

DriCAT DRIERS FOR HIGH SOLIDS SYSTEMS

XL Dri PROMOTERS FOR HIGH SOLIDS and WATER-BORNE SYSTEMS

DriCAT DRIERS FOR ALKYD EMULSIONS

ULTRA-LOW VOC DRIERS

DRIER RECOMMENDATIONS (continued)

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DURA Drier Recommendations www.durachem.com

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT (1) MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC LEAD DriCAT10 (2) DriCAT 16 (2) DriCAT7

(2) REMARKDriCAT 18 (3)

% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % MetalALKYDSLong Oil (Soya) 0.03-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -

0.02-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 0.02-0.06 - - - - - Improved Through0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performan0.03-0.06 - - 0.03-0.06 - 0.3-0.6 - - - Restricted- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall D

Long Oil (Linseed) 0.03-0.05 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - -0.03-0.05 - 0.1-0.3 0.03-0.05 - - - - Improved Through0.03-0.05 - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performan0.03-0.05 - - 0.03-0.06 - 0.3-0.6 - - - Restricted

Long Oil (Others) 0.03-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.03-0.06 - - - - - - 0.2-0.3 - Good Performan- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall D

Medium Oil (Soya) 0.03-0.05 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.05 - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performan- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall D

Medium Oil (Linseed) 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.5 - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performan0.02-0.04 - - - - 0.3-0.6 - Restricted

Medium Oil (Others) 0.01-0.02 0.01-0.02 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performan

Short Oil (Soya) 0.04-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.03-0.05 - - - - -0.03-0.05 - - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 Good Performan0.04-0.06 - - - 0.1-0.2 - - - - Increased Hardn

Short Oil (Castor) 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.4 0.02-0.04 - - - - -

0.03-0.05 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good PerformanShort Oil (Tall) 0.03-0.05 - 0.2-0.4 - - - - - -0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performan

OILSLinseed - 0.02-0.03 0.1-0.2 - - - - - -

Raw 0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good PerformancBoiled 0.01-0.02 0.02-0.0 6 - - - - - - - Alkali Refined - 0.02-0.03 0.1-0.2 - - - - - -Heat Bodied 0.02-0.03 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -

Soya Bean Raw 0.02-0.03 0.02-0.03 - - - - - 0.02-0.03 -Heat Bodied 0.05-0.1 - - - - - - - -

Castor Dehydrated 0.04-0.06 - 0.1-0.3 - - - - - -0.03-0.05 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Good Performan

OTHERSPolyurethane 0.02-0.04 - - - 0.05-0.1 - - 0.02-0.04 -

(Oil Modified) - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 - Good Performanc- - - - - - - - 0.05

Modified Alkyds 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 -

- - - - - - - - 0.05-0.1 Best Overall DVinyl Toluene Alkyds 0.02-0.04 - - 0.1-0.2 - - - - -- - - - - - 0.05-0.1 0.05-0.1 - Good Performan

Styrene Alkyd 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Rosin Phenolics 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 - Acrylic Modified 0.03-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Spar Varnish 0.02-0.04 - - - - - - 0.1-0.2 -Epoxy Ester 0.02-0.04 - - - - - 0.05-0.1 -

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT (1) MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC XL Dri DriCAT 3 DriCAT 12 Dural A-MS REMARKS

% Metal % Metal % Metal %Metal %Metal As Supplied % Metal % Metal % Metal

High Solids 0.03-0.06 - 0.2-0.6 - - 0.2-0.3 - - -0.03-0.06 - - - - 0.2-0.3 - 0.2-0.3 -0.03-0.06 - - - - - - - 0.2-.0.3 Excellent Hard

0.01-0.03 - - - - 0.2-0.3 0.03-0.05 - - Heavy Film Bu

(continued)

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VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM ZINC LEAD DriCAT 10 (2) DriCAT 16 (2) REMARKS

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% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal

ALKYDSMedium Oil (Soya) .01 - .03 - - - - - - .05 - 0.1 Best

sr oloCkr aD1.0-50.------- detcir tseR--3.0-2.0----30.-10.

ssendr aHdesaer cnI---51.0-1.0---30.-10.Medium Oil (Linseed) .01 - .03 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 Best

ssendr aHdesaer cnI---51.0-1.0---30.-10. detcir tseR--3.0-2.0----30.-10.

Short Oil (Soya) .005 - .01 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2sr oloCkr aDnor I600.-400.dnaesenagnaM600.-400. r oloCtseB1.0-50.-------

Short Oil (Tall) .005 - .01 - - - 0.1 - 0.15 - - -r oloCtseB-40.-20.------

Short Oil .01 - .03 - 0.2 0.4 - - - - -(Dehydrated Castor) .01 - .03 - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.3

sehsiniFelknir W------1.0 60.1.0-60. Maleic / Castor .005 - .01 - - - 0.1 - 0.2 - - - Hardest Film

r oloCtseB2.0-1.040.-20------ Modified Phenolic .005 - .01 .005 - .01 - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2

HIGH SOLIDSPolyester / Melamine - - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 Reduced Bake Schedule

(Acid Catalyzed)

VEHICLE OR TYPE COBALT MANGANESE ZIRCONIUM CALCIUM DriCAT 10(2)

DriCAT 408 DriCAT 507 DriCAT 508 REMARKS

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% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal As Supplied As Supplied As Supplied

ALKYDS (Dispersible) 0.05 - 0.15 - 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 - - - - Air Dry or Bake

itneteRyr Dr etteB-------- - - - 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 - - - Best Dry

nim Ayr aitr eThtiW----2.0-1.02.0-01.080.0-40.0-

(Soluble) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Bake Systemsyr DtseB---6.0-3.03.0-51.03.0-51.0--

OTHERS Urethane (Oil Modified) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Best Color

Alkyd (Chain Stopped) 0.05 - 0.15 - 0.15 - 0.2 0.15 - 0.2 - - - - Alkyd (Acrylic Modified) - - - - 0.3 - 0.6 - - - Best Initial Dry & RetentiLinseed Oil (Soluble) - - - - 0.1 - 0.3 - - - Best Color

emiTyr Dr etr ohS----51.0-1.051.0-1.0-60.0-20.0

LATEX MODIFIERSOil (Linseed & Soya) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.15 0.1 - 0.15 - - - -Maleinized - - - - 0.2 - 0.4 - - - Best Color

Alkyd (Linseed & Soya) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.15 - - - - -(Castor) 0.02 - 0.04 - 0.1 - 0.3 0.1 - 0.3 - - - -

Alkyd Emulsion - - - - - 7.20-10.8/100 gal. 3.7 lb./100 gal. 7.2010. 8 Best Ease of Intr od

VEHICLE OR TYPE DriCAT 2712 DriCAT 2508 DriCAT 2005 DriCAT 4012 REMARKS _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

% Metal % Metal % Metal % Metal

Ultra-Low VOC Alkyd 0.03- 0.15 0.03- 0.15 0.15 - 0.3 0.15 - 0.3 90+% Solids Driers for s gnitaoCCOVwoL-ar tlU

(1) Expressed as % metal on vehicle solids, i.e., - 100 lb. resin at 50% solids = 50 lb. resin solids.To obtain .04% metal on resin solids we have 50 lb. (r esin solids) x .04% (% metal required) / 12 (% metal Duroct Cobalt 12% driers):

40.0x.bl05 = 0.167 lb. of Duroct Cobalt 12% driers21

(2) Proprietary metal complexes

(3) DriCAT 18 driers should be considered in place of DriCAT 16 if color is of primary concern, especially if very long length of alkyds or 100% oil based coatings

In view of the continued progress being made in resins and other paint raw materials, these recommendations are offered primarily as starting points from which the formulator mayproceed as required in individual cases. This information is furnished without warranty, representation, inducement or license of any kind, except that it is accurate to the best of DuraChemicals, Inc.s knowledge or obtained from sources believed by Dura Chemicals, Inc. to be accurate, and Dura Chemicals, Inc. does not assume any legal responsibility for use orreliance upon same. Tests should be carried out only by chemists or chemically qualified lab technicians. Before using any chemical, read its label and Material Safety Data Sheet.

Registered Trademark of Dura Chemicals, Inc.

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SOLVENTBAKE

WA

TER-BORNE

LOW

VOC

WR or WDXWR or WDX WR WR