Dung Dieu Khien Tu Xa Dieu Khien Dong Co Dien Mot Chieu 12v Doc

7/29/2019 Dung Dieu Khien Tu Xa Dieu Khien Dong Co Dien Mot Chieu 12v Doc

1/42

TRNG HSPKT HNG YNKHOA IN-IN T N MN HC

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT HNG YN

KHOA IN-IN T

N MN HC

TN TI : DNG IU KHIN T XA IU KHIN NG CIN MT CHIU 12V

GIO VIN HNG DN : on Vn Tun

SINH VIN THC HIN : 1: Nguyn Vn Ngha2: V Xun Nghim3: Nguyn Tin Ngc

LP : -TK6_2

Hng Yn , thng 02 nm 2010

GVHD: on Vn Tun SVTH: Nguyn Vn NghaV Xun NghimNguyn Tin Ngc Page 1


2/42


N MN HCKha hc: 2008-2012.

Lp: _TK6_2.

TN TI: DNG IU KHIN T XA IU KHIN NG C INMT CHIU 12V.

I. D kin cho trc:+ Cc linh kin in t c bn trn th trng.+ ng c in mt chiu 12V.+ Ti liu tham kho: in t cng sut,in t cn bn,linh kin in t...

II. Ni dung cn hon thnh:Phn I. C s l thuyt.

1.1. Gii thiu v thu pht hng ngoi.1.2. Gii thiu v ng c in mt chiu.

Phn II . Phng n thit k.2.1. S khi .2.2. Thit k s nguyn l (mch pht , mch thu hng ngoi, mch iu

khin v ng lc).

Yu cu:

+ Sn phm hot ng tt, m bo k thut, m thut.+ Thuyt minh ti (Phn tch yu cu, trnh by cc gii php thc hin,

c s l thuyt, qu trnh thc hin n, kh nng ng dng ca n).+ Np thuyt minh v hon thnh sn phm ng thi gian quy nh.



3/42


MC LC

Nhn xt ca gio vinLi ni uK hoch tin tng tun thc hin ti.

CHNG I: GII THIU V NG C IN MT CHIU.1.1. Tm quan trng ca ng c in mt chiu.1.2. Cu to v hot ng ca ng c in mt chiu.

1.2.1. Cu to.1.2.2. Hot ng.

CHNG II: GII THIU V THU PHT HNG NGOI. 2.1. Khi nim v thu pht hng ngoi.

2.2. Linh kin thu sng hng ngoi.2.3. Mch in IC pht hng ngoi PT2248.2.4. Mch in IC thu hng ngoi PT2249.

CHNG III: PHNG N THIT K. 3.1. S khi.

3.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca tng khi.CHNG IV: GII THIU V MT S LINH KIN IN T S

DNG TRONG MACH. 4.1. in tr - T in.

4.2. it Led.4.3. IC 78xx Transistor H1061.4.4. IC pht hng ngoi PT2248.4.4. IC thu hng ngoi PT2249.

4.5. IC 4017.4.6. Mt nhn hng ngoi KSM-603LM.



4/42


CHNG V: S V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH. 5.1. Mch pht

5.1.1. S nguyn l.

5.1.2. S board.5.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

5.2. Mch thu.5.2.1. S nguyn l.5.2.2. S board.5.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

5.3. Mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.5.3.1. S nguyn l.

5.3.2. S board.5.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng.

Ti liu tham kho.



5/42


NHN XT CA GIO VIN.

......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Hng Yn, ngy.....thng......nm 2010



6/42


LI NI U

iu khin t xa l vic iu khin mt m hnh mt khong cch nom con ngi khng nht thit trc tip n ni t h thng. Khong cch tythuc vo tng h thng c mc phc tp khc nhau, chng hn nh iu khint xa mt phi thuyn ta cn phi c h thng pht v thu mnh, ngc li, iukhin mt tr chi in t t xa ta ch cn mt h thng pht v thu yu hn.

Th gii ngy cng pht trin th lnh vc iu khin cn phi c m rnghn. Vic ng dng iu khin t xa vo thng tin lin lc mang li nhiu thunli cho x hi loi ngi, thng tin c cp nht hn nh s chnh xc v nhanhchng ca qu trnh iu khin t xa.

Trong sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi nh nhng tr chi gii tr (robot,

xe iu khin t xa ) cho n nhng ng dng gn gi vi con ngi cng cci tin cho ph hp vi vic s dng v t mc tin li nht. iu khin t xa thm nhp vo vn ny do cho ra nhng loi iu khin t xa, u video,VCD, CD,u c iu khin t xa. Xut pht t nhng tng cng vis hng dn ca Thy on Vn Tun ging vin trng H SPKT HngYn, chng em chn ti:Dng iu khin t xa iu khin ng c inmt chiu 12V.

Nhng do trnh k thut cn c nhiu hn ch nn n khng th trnh

khi nhng sai st, chng em mong c s thng cm v ch bo thm ca thyc v cc bn !

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca Thy onVn Tuncng s gip ca cc bn.

Xin chn thnh cm n !

K HOCH TIN THC HIN TNG TUN



7/42


STT Tun Cng vic thc hin Ngi thc hin

1 Tun 1

- - Sp xp cng vic cho tngtun (phn chia cng vic cho tng

thnh vin).

C nhm.

Tm hiu ti.+ Tm kim ti liu lin quan: Linhkin in t, in t cn bn, in tcng sut

Vn Ngha

+ Tm hiu nguyn l cc mch c linquan n ti. Chng hn nh ccmch thu pht hng ngoi, mch nglc iu khin ng c v cc linh kinlin quan n mch.

C nhm

+ Tham kho kin ca nhng ngic chuyn mn.

Xun Nghim

2 Tun2+3

- Sau khi tm hiu ti s a ra cs l thuyt chung ca ti.- T xy dng c s khi.- a ra nguyn tc hot ng ca cckhi v cc linh kin s s dng

thit k mch ph hp vi yu cu tngkhi.

C nhm.

3 Tun 4+5- Thit k s nguyn l ton mch.- Tnh ton thng s ri tin hnh chym phng.

C nhm.

4 Tun 6

- Rp mch v kho st trn bo mch(nu gp li chnh sa li).

Vn NghaTin Ngc

-o c kim tra xem trn board chyc t yu cu hay khng?

Vn NghaTin Ngc

-Tin hnh lm sn phm (cu dy). Vn NghaTin Ngc

- Lp rp hon tt sn phm. C Nhm

- Chun ha ni dung, lm quyn C nhm



8/42


5

Tun 7 thuyt minh.- Chun b cc dng c bo v ti(fim chiu, bn v).

Xun Nghim

- Hon tt sn phm, kim tra li ton

bni dung.

C nhm

CHNG I:GII THIU V NG C IN MT CHIU

1.1. Tm quan trng ca ng c DC.



9/42


Trong nn sn xut hin i, ng c mt chiu vn c coi l mt loimy quan trng mc d ngy nay c rt nhiu loi my mc hin i s dngngun in xoay chiu thng dng.

Do ng c in mt chiu c nhiu u im nhiu kh nng iu chnh tc

rt tt ,kh nng m my ln v c bit l kh nng qu ti. Chnh v vy mng c mt chiu c dng nhiu trong cc ngnh cng nghip c yu cu caov iu chnh tc nhng cn thp, hm m, giao thng vn tim iu quantrng l cc ngnh cng nghip hay i hi dng ngun in mt chiu.

Bn cnh , ng c in mt chiu cng c nhng nhc im nht nhca n nhng so vi my in xoay chiu th gi thnh t hn(d pht sinh tia lain)nhng do nhng u im ca n nn ng c in mt chiu vn cn cmt tm quan trng nht nh trong sn xut.

Cng sut ln nht ca ng c in mt chiu hin nay vo khong10000KW , in p vo khong vi trm cho n 1000V. Hng pht trin hinnay l ci tin tnh nng ca vt liu, nng cao ch tiu kinh t ca ng c v chto nhng ng c c cng sut ln1. 2. Cu to v hot ng ca ng c in DC.1.2.1. Cu to.

ng c in mt chiu c th phn thnh hai phn chnh: phn tnh v phnng.1.2.1.1. Phn tnh hay stato.

y l phn ng yn ca my, bao gm cc b phn chnh sau:a. Cc t chnh: l b phn sinh ra t trng gm c li st cc t v dy

qun kch t lng ngoi li st cc t. Li st cc t lm bng nhng l thp kthut in hay thp cacbon dy 0,5 n 1mm p li v tn cht. Trong ng c innh c th dng thp khi . Cc t c gn cht vo v my nh cc bu lng.Dy qun kch t c qun bng dy ng bc cch in v mi cun dy uc bc cch in k thnh mt khi tm sn cch in trc khi t trn cc cct. Cc cun dy kch t c t trn cc cc t ny c ni tip vi nhau.

b. Cc t ph: Cc t ph c t trn cc cc t chnh v dng cithin i chiu. Li thp ca cc t ph thng lm bng thp khi v trn thncc t ph c t dy qun m cu to ging nh dy qun cc t chnh. Cc t

ph c gn vi v my nh nhng bulong.c. Gng t : Gng t dng lm mch ni lin cc cc t, ng thi lm v

my .Trong ng c nh v va thng thng dng thp dy un v hn li. Trong



10/42


my in ln thng dng thp c. C khi trong ng c in nh dng gang lmv my.

d. Cc b phn khc:+ Np my: bo v my khi nhng vt ngoi ri vo lm hng dy

qun v an ton cho ngi chm vo in. Trong my in nh v va lp my cnc tc dng lm gi bi. Trong trng hp ny np my thng lm bng gang.

+ C cu chi than: a dng in t phn quay ra ngoi. C cu chithan bao gm c chi than t trong hp chi than nh mt l xo t chy ln cgp. Hp chi than c c nh trn gi chi than v cch in vi gi. Gi chithan c th quay c iu chnh v tr chi than cho ng ch. Sau khi iuchnh xong th dng vt c nh li.1.2.1.2. Phn quay hay roto.

a. Li st phn ng: Dng dn t. Thng dng nhng tm thp k thutin dy 0,5mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim tn hao dodng in xoy gy nn. Trn l thp c dp hnh dng rnh sau khi p li tht dy qun vo.

Trong nhng ng c trung bnh tr ln ngi ta cn dp nhng l thnggi khi p li thnh li st c th to c nhng l thng gi dc trc.

Trong nhng ng c in ln hn th li st thng chia thnh nhngon nh, gia on y c mt khe h gi l khe h thng gi. Khi my lmvic gi thi qua cc khe h lm ngui dy qun v li st.

Trong ng c in mt chiu nh, li st phn ng c p trc tip votrc.Trong ng c in ln, gia trc v li st c t gi roto. Dng gi roto cth tit kim thp k thut in v gim nh trng lng roto.

b. Dy qun phn ngDy qun phn ng l phn sinh ra sut in ng v c dng in chy

qua. Dy qun phn ng thng lm bng dy ng c bc cch in. Trong myin nh c cng sut ti vi KW thng dng dy c tit din trn. Trong myin va v ln thng dng dy tit din ch nht, dy qun c cch in cn

thn vi rnh ca li thp. trnh khi quay b vng ra do lc li tm, ming rnh c dng nm

cht hoc ai cht dy qun. Nm lm bng tre g hay bakelit.c. C gp: Dng chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu . C gp

gm nhiu phin ng c c m cch in vi nhau bng l mica di t 0,4 n1,2mm v hp thnh mt hnh tr trn. Hai u tr trn dng hai hnh p hnh ch



11/42


V p cht li. Gia vnh p tr trn cng cch in bng mica. ui vnh gp ccao ln mt t hn cc u dy ca cc phn t dy qun v cc phin gp cd dng.

d. Cc b phn khc:

+ Cnh qut: dng qut gi lm ngui my. My in mt chiu thngch to theo kiu bo v, hai u np my c l thng gi. Cnh qut np trntrc my khi ng c quay cnh qut ht gi t ngoi vo ng c, gi i qua vnhgp, cc t li st v dy qun ri qua qut gi ra ngoi lm ngui my.

+ Trc my: Trn t li st phn ng, c gp, cnh qut v bi. Trcmy thng lm bng thp cacbon tt.1.2.2. Hot ng.

Trn hnh khi cho in p mt chiu U vo hai chi in A v B, trong dy

cun phn ng c dng in. Cc thanh dn ab v cd mang dng in nm trong ttrng s chu tc dng tng h ln nhau to nn mmen tc dng ln rto, lmrto quay. Chiu lc tc dng c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay tri (hnh a)

Hnh 2: Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu

Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr thanh dn ab, cd i ch cho nhau(hnh2 b) nh c phin gp i chiu dng in, nn dng in mt chiu bin i

thnh dng in xoay chiu a vo dy cun phn ng, gi cho chiu lc tcdng khng i, do lc tc dng ln roto cng theo mt chiu xc nh, mbo ng c c chiu quay khng i.



12/42


CHNG II:GII THIU V THU PHT HNG NGOI.



13/42


Do yu cu ca ti l iu khin ng c in mt chiu t xa, trong qutrnh nghin cu chng em quyt nh dng cp IC thu pht IC PT2248 v ICPT2249 thit k mch.1.Khi nim v hng ngoi.

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy cbng mt thng, c bc sng khong 0,8m n 0,9m, tia hng ngoi c vntc truyn bng vn tc nh sng.

Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu khin txa chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng do khi thu phi ng hng.2. Linh kin thu sng hng ngoi.

Ta c th dng quang in tr, phototransistor, photodiode thu snghng ngoi gn. thu sng hng ngoi trung bnh v xa pht ra t c th con

ngi, vt nng thc hin trong mch chng ta dng diode quang.3. Mch in IC pht PT2248Mch IC PT2248 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mt

loi linh kin pht xa m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in p ngunl 2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng sut tiu hao ccthp, dng trng thi tnh ch 10A, n c th s dng nhiu t hp bn phm, linhkin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui m khc, ch cn ningoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm l c th gy ra dao ng.

* Chc nng ca cc chn dn:IC PT2248 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng.- Chn 1: chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.- Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng

bn trong IC.



14/42


- Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6) : l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn tK1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 ( T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18

phm.- Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1 T2 to

ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.- Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, bnh thng khi

khng s dng c th b trng.- Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM.- Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng.

S khi:

Bn trong IC PT2248 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mchin u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m s to thnh. Tham s cc hn ca PT2248:



15/42


Nguyn l hot ng:Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng

ni b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s cab phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l

38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m bocng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn K1 n K6 v u rath t thi gian chn T1 n T3 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo liu ma trn. Ti T1, 6

phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 6x3 trng thi tn hiu lin tcc trnh by hnh di y:

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi nvo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nu nh

cc phm cng hng ng thi n xung th th t u tin lK1>K2>K3>K4>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mtng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3.

Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1- C3 (code) l m sngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C2, C3 phi



16/42


hp vi mch IC thu PT2249. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 mkhng dng trng thi 00.

Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh sau:

Cc bit C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chnT1, T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diot th cc C tng ng trthnh 1 v 0 khi khng c ni.4. Mch IC thu PT2249.

IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, n i cp vi IC phtPT2248 to thnh b IC thu - pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng ngoi.

* S chn:

* Chc nng cc chn:

- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.



17/42


- Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu.- Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn

hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thu

c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1trong khong thi gian l 107ms.

- Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng giaphn pht v phn thu. M s ca 2 chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng caphn pht th mi thu c tn hiu.

- Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ngcho mch.- Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

* S khi bn trong:

Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2v C3 cung cp tn hiu ms cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng.

IC PT2248 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca IC PT2249 l:

u C (code) ni vi t in cho n t l 1, trc tip ni t l 0.



18/42


CHNG III: PHNG N THIT K.

3.1. S khi .S khi c 3 khi chnh:

. + Khi ngun.

+ Khi pht hng ngoi.

+ Khi thu hng ngoi.

+ Khi mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.

S khi.

3.2 . Nguyn l hot ng tng khi.+ Khi ngun:

C my bin p lm nhim v cung cp ngun cho 3 khi: khi thu v khimch ng lc v iu khin ng c v ng c DC 12V. My bin p ly u

vo (input) l ngun in AC220 V cho u ra mc in p ph hp (5V hoc12V) cp cho 2 khi cn li.

+ Khi pht hng ngoi.

Lm nhim v pht ra tn hiu hng ngoi gip mch thu hot ng.

+ Khi thu hng ngoi.


Khingun

Khithu

Khi mchng lc viu khinn c

Khipht

ngc DC

Khi mchng lc viu khin


19/42


C chc nng nhn tn hiu t mch pht v cung cp tn hiu u vo (cungcp tn hiu vo chn 14 ca IC 4017) dng iu chnh ng c thng qua mchcu H1061.

+ Khi mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.

C chc nng iu chnh ng c (o chiu v dng ng c).



20/42


CHNG IV : GII THIU V MT S LINH KIN INT S DNG TRONG MCH

4.1. in tr,t in.

4.1.1. in tr.a) Khi nim.

- in tr l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu c mt vt dn intt th in tr nh v ngc li vt cch in c in tr cc ln.

- in tr ca dy dn l s ph thuc vo cht liu v tit din ca dy dnc tnh theo cng thc:

R = .

Trong : R l in tr. n v l l in tr sut.

L l chiu di dy dn.S l tit din ca dy dn.

b) in tr trong thc t v trong cc mch in t.* Hnh dng v k hiu: Trong thc t in tr l mt loi linh kin in t

khng phn cc, n l mt linh kin quan trng trong cc mch in t, chngc lm t hp cht ca cacbon v kim loi v c pha theo t l m to ra cccon in tr c in dung khc nhau.

n v o bng , K, M.1M = 1000 K = 1000000

* Cch c tr s in tr trong thc t.c theo mu sc theo quy c quc t:



21/42


Mu Tr s Sai sBc 10%Vng 5%en 0

Nu 1 1% 2 2%Cam 3Vng 4Xanh 5 0.5%Lc 6 0.25%Tm 7 0.1%Xm 8Trng 9

Ch : in tr l linh kin khng phn cc nn khi mc vo mch in ta

khng cn n u m dng lm g (u no cng nh u no).4.1.2. T in.

T in l mt linh kin th ng v c s dng rng ri trong cc mchin t, c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu mch truyn tn hiu,mch dao ng

a) Khi nim.T in l linh kin dung cn tr v phng np khi cn thit v c c

trng bi dung khng ph thuc vo tn s in p.

K hiu ca t in trong s nguyn l l:

T khng phn cc l t c hai cc nh nhau v gi tr thng nh (pF).T phn cc l t c hai cc tnh m v dng khng th dng ln ln nhau

c. C gi tr ln hn so vi t khng phn cc.



22/42


b) Cu to.Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc song song, gia c mt lp cch

in gi l in mi nh t ha, t gm, t giy

Hnh dng t trong thc t.

T gm.T ha.

4.2.it,LED. 4.2.1. it.



23/42


c cu to t hai lp bn dn tip xc nhau. Diode c hai cc lAnot (A) v Katot (K). N ch cho dng mt chiu t A sang K v n c coi nhvan mt chiu trong mch in v c ng dng rng ri trong cc my thu thanhthu hnh, cc mch chnh lu, n nh in p.

Hnh dng diode trong thc t.

K hiu diode trong cc mch nguyn l.



24/42


Nguyn tc hot ng ca diode: ch cho dng mt chiu t A n K chkhng cho dng chy ngc li.

4.2.2. LED.

LED l vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c ngha l it pht quang) lcc diode c kh nng pht ra nh sng hay tia hng ngoi , t ngoi. Cng gingnh it, LED c cu to t mt khi bn dn loi P ghp vi mt khi bn dnloi N

Tnh cht.Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng

pht ra khc nhau (tc mu sc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (v musc ca LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trc nng lng ca cc nguyn t cht

bn dn.

LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trongkhong 1,5V n 3V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khng cao. Do, LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra.


Loi LED

in th phn cc

thun 1,4 - 1,8VVng 2 - 2,5VXanh lcy

2 - 2,8V


25/42


4.3. IC 78xx , Transistor H10614.3.1. IC 78xx

L loi IC n p kh thng dng, cho u ra (chn3) ca IC mc in pn nh l 5V.

Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu cao, s dngIC n p thng c ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n gin. Cc loin p thng c s dng l IC 78xx, vi xx l in p cn n p. V d 7805 np 5V, 7812 n p 12V. Vic dng cc loi IC n p 78xx tng t nhau, di yl minh ha cho IC n p 7805.

S pha di IC 7805 c 3 chn:- Chn s 1 l chn INPUT .- Chn s 2 l chn GND.- Chn s 3 l chn OUTPUT.

Ng ra OUT lun n nh 5V d in p t ngun cung cp thay i.4.3.2. Transistor H1061

L loi transistor thun- i vi transistor thun th in p ni vo cc chn ngc li vi

Transistor nghch. Ht ti di chuyn trong Transistor NPN l electron xut pht tcc E trong khi i vi transistor PNP th ht ti di chuyn l l trng xut pht tE.

- Trng hp ny l trng trong vng bn dn P ca cc E v C, do tc dngca lc tch in, s b di chuyn theo hng t cc E v cc C. Do cc B hnn l trng t vng bn dn P ca cc E s khng th vng bn dn N ca cc B

nn khng c hin tng ti hp gia l trng v electron v do khng c dngin qua transistor.

- Trng hp 2: Ni cc B vo in p m sao cho :VB < VE v V B > VC

- Trong trng hp ny vng bn P v N ca cc E v B ging nhDiod(gi l diod BE) c phn cc thun nn dn in, l trng t vng bn dn



26/42


P ca cc E s sang vng bn dn N ca cc B ti hp vi electron. Khi vngbn dn N ca cc B c thm l trng nn c in tch dng. Cc B ni vo inp m ca ngun nn s ht mt s l trng trong vng bn dn N xung to thnhdng in IB. Cc C ni vo in p m cao hn nn ht hu ht l trng trong

vng bn dn N sang vng bn dn P ca cc C to thnh dng in I C . Cc E nivo ngun in p dng nn khi vng bn dn P b mt l trng s ht l trng tngun dng ln th ch to thnh dng in IE.


IB

E C

NPN

IE

ICB


27/42


4.4. IC pht PT2248

IC PT2248 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mt loi linhkin pht xa m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in p ngun l2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng sut tiu hao ccthp, dng trng thi tnh ch 10 A, n c th s dng nhiu t hp bn phm,linh kin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui m khc, ch cnni ngoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm gy l c th gy ra dao ng.

*Chc nng ca cc chn dn:

IC PT2248 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng.

- Chn 1: chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.



28/42


- Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng bn trong IC.

- Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6) : l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn tK1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 ( T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18

phm.- Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc chn T1 T2 to

ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu.- Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, bnh thng khi

khng s dng c th b trng.- Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM.- Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng. S khi:

Bn trong IC PT2248 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mchin u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m s to thnh. Tham s cc hn ca PT 2248:



29/42


Nguyn l hot ng:Trong IC PT2248 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng

ni b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch dao ng cng hng. Khi tn s cab phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang l38kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th m bocng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn K1 n K6 v u rath t thi gian chn T1 n T6 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo kiu ma trn. Ti T1su phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 6x3 trng thi tn hiu lin tcc trnh by hnh di:

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khi n

vo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nu nhcc phm cng hng ng thi c n xung th th t u tin lK1>K2>K3>K4>K5>K6. Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mt ngK, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1>T2>T3.

Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1-C3 (code) l m sngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C2, C3 phi



30/42


hp vi mch IC thu PT2249. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 mkhng dng trng thi 00.

Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh sau:

Cc bit C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chn T1,T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diode th cc C tng ng trthnh 1 v 0 khi khng c ni.

4.5. IC thu hng ngoi PT 2249IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, n i cp vi IC pht

PT2248 to thnh b IC thu - pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hng ngoi.

* S chn:

* Chc nng cc chn:- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in.- Chn 2 (Rxin): l u vo tn hiu thu.- Cc chn 3 7 (HP1 - HP5): l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn

hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1.



31/42


- Cc chn 8 12 (SP5 SP1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thuc tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1trong khong thi gian l 107ms.

- Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia

phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng caphn pht th mi thu c tn hiu.

- Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ngcho mch.- Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp.

* S khi bn trong:

Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2 v C3 cung cp tn hiu ms cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng.

IC PT2248 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca IC PT2249 l:

u C (code) ni vi t in cho n t l 1, trc tip ni t l 0.4.6. IC 4017



32/42


IC 4017 la IC m c 10 u ra nc cao.*S chn ca IC 4017 c biu din nh hnh v di y:

Nhn hnh v trn th:- Chn 16 ca IC c ni vi ngun dng vi mc in p t +3 15V DC.- Chn 8 c ni Mass.- Chn 14 l chn u vo ca xung clock.

- Chn 15 l chn Reset.- Chn 13 l chn Enable.- Cc chn cn li l cc u ra ca IC.

IC 4017 c10 ng ra mc cao lin tc nhau nh hnh di y:



33/42


Ch c 1 ng ra c kch mc cao ti 1 thi im.

4.7. Mt nhn hng ngoi KSM-603LM.i vi modul mt thu trn th trng c 2 loi module mt thu tn hiu hng

ngoi. Mt loi v st v 1 loi v bng nha. Dng loi module ny chng cnhiu bn ngoi v thu c tn hiu xung quanh n. Ccxc nh chn rt n gin l:



34/42


-Chn 1 l chn tn hiu out.-Chn 2 l chn GND.- Chn 3 l chn VCC.- mch ny em dng mt thu tn hiu hng ngoi c tn l KSM-603LM.

CHNG V: S V NGUYN L HOT NG CA MCH

5.1. Mch pht5.1.1. S nguyn l:

5.1.2.S board:



35/42


5.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng:

T nguyn l ca IC PT2248 c th bit mi ln mch pht ra 2 nhm sliu, mi nhm s liu ca tn hiu pht ra l 12 bit, trong c 3 bit m ngidng, 6 bit m phm vo v 3 m lin tc hay khng lin tc. Khi ta nhn phm 1 th

ti phm ln mc cao 1. Chng hn, nh nhn phm s 1 th chn 4 (K1) lnmc cao v lc ny mch in bn phm np vo l 100000 hay m s ca s liu

pht ra D1-D5 l 100000 tng ng nh kt ni s nguyn l cc phm kt nivi T1 cng ln mc cao, cc phm cn li vn mc thp.Tn hiu mc cao nyi qua chn 15 ca IC PT2248 kch m chn B ca BJT A1266 ng thi ngun 3Vcp vo chn E ca BJT lm cho BJT ny dn tc ng vo Led pht ra tn hiuhng ngoi.



36/42


5.2. Mch thu5.2.1. S nguyn l:

5.2.2. S board.



37/42


5.2.3.Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi nhn phm 1 c ni vi chn 4 ca IC PT2248 b phn pht tngng LED pht s c nhim v bin dng in thnh quang pht x ra mi trng,



38/42


LED thu nhn tn hiu bin i t quang thnh in, sau a qua b khuchi, tch sng loi b sng mang, ri a ti u vo ca IC PT2249. u tin ICtin hnh chnh hnh i vi tn hiu u vo, sau x l cc b phn dao ng,

b m s cng, b nh dch hng u vo, b nh dch hng kim tra s liu ghi,

mch xung u vo, kim tra m, o kim tra sai st cui cng l mch hm xungu vo m ng ra lin tc .

i vi mch iu khin ng c: khi ta nhn 1 phm bt k mchpht th tn hiu lin tc tng ng mch thu cng a n cc ng ra lin tc.Khi nhn c tn hiu sau khi x l, ng ra s ln mc cao trong mt khong thigian ngn, cc ng ny c ni n mch iu khin ng ngt ng c iukhin ng c hot ng theo mun.

5.3. Mch ng lc v iu khin ng c.5.3.1. S nguyn l:



39/42


5.3.2. S board:



40/42


5.3.3.Nguyn l hot ng:

Tn hiu t chn 3 ca IC PT2249 c cp vo chn 14 (chn clock) ca

IC 4017.Do IC 4017 l IC m dch bt u ra mc cao. Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 mch pht ln th nht th u ra s l chn 2 ca IC 4017 qua Transistor C828khuch i kch m cho BJT H1061 (T1) dn ng thi BJT H1061 (T2) dn lmcho ng c quay theo chiu thun. Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 ln th 2 th u ra sl chn 4 cua IC 4017 qua Transistor C828 khuch i kch m cho BJT H1061(T2) dn ng thi BJT H1061 (T4) dn lm cho ng c quay theo chiu nghch.Khi ta nhn nt nhn S1 ln th 3 thi u ra s l chn 7 ca IC 4017 nhng dochn 7 ca IC 4017 c ni vi chn 15 (chn reset) lm cho ng c dng li.



41/42


TI LIU THAM KHO.

1: in t cng sut.Nguyn Bnh

Nh xut bn KHKT H Ni 20002: Tnh ton v thit k thit b in t cng sut.Trn Vn Thnh.

Nh xut bn GD 20053: My in.

V Gia Hanh Trn Khnh H Phan T Th - Nguyn Vn Su.Nh xut bn KHKT H Ni 20034: Linh kin in t.

Nguyn Tn Phc.

V mt s ti liu khc.



42/42


Phn GV hng dn phn bin.

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

Dung Dieu Khien Tu Xa Dieu Khien Dong Co Dien Mot Chieu 12v Doc

Documents

Transcript of Dung Dieu Khien Tu Xa Dieu Khien Dong Co Dien Mot Chieu 12v Doc