Dump truck tip over preventions or

Dump Truck Tip Over Dump Truck Tip Over

PREVENTION AND DETECTION

P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada

First things firstFirst things first

Have you been oriented to the site have you done a pre-job hazard assessment

Do you know your load how much does it weight were is your center of gravity


We must talk center of gravityWe must talk center of gravityP bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada

It works for all unit including It works for all unit including truckstrucks


Where are your FORCES Where are your FORCES

0.8g Forward Force = 80% of Cargo weight when driving straight ahead.

0.5g Rearward Force = 50% of Cargo weight when accelerating, shifting gears while climbing a hill, or braking in reverse.

0.5g Sideways Force = 50% of Cargo weight when turning, changing lanes, or braking while turning.

0.2g Upward Force = 20% of Cargo weight when traveling over bumps in the road or cresting a hill for vehicles that the cargo is not fully contained inside.

NACSS – Fundamentals of Cargo Securement (page 7)


Your Hazard Everyone RiskYour Hazard Everyone Risk

As end-dump truck bodies and semi-trailer dumping rigs get longer, the incidence of units tipping over has increased. This type of accident is more frequently connected with semitrailer rigs than with straight trucks.

In the last couple of years, one fatality and at least one serious injury have resulted when dump trucks tipped over. Statistics on the frequency of tip-overs are not available because the occurrences are not reported unless injuries result. However, construction personnel involved in dump truck operations agree that tip-overs are becoming more frequent.


One or moreOne or more

Stability is adversely affected by one or more of the following factors: the unit is not on a level surface when dumping

a large amount of material is in the upper portion of the raised box

material does not flow out of the top portion of the box, or does not flow out of one side of the top portion

the rear wheels settle unevenly as the load moves to the rear during dumping

wind may exert lateral loads, especially if the box is long, as is the case with end-dump semi-trailers.

Stability may also be affected by the unit's mechanical condition: poor rear suspension systems on one side of the vehicle

uneven tire pressures in rear wheels worn or inadequate components of the lifting system such as pins worn or inadequate lifting cylinders.


Hazard ControlHazard Control

Because of stability problems with semi-trailers, they should not be used for haulage to rough grading or fill areas where surfaces are often uneven or loosely compacted. Straight trucks or straight trucks and pup trailers are more appropriate for highway haulage to these dump areas. Where haulage and dumping are all on site, straight trucks or off-highway vehicles are even better choices.

Where aggregates are being spread for road construction, belly-dump semi-trailers are more appropriate than end-dump semi-trailers.

Sometimes vehicle selection is not an option for the contractor. Material suppliers or haulers do not always use equipment appropriate to a particular site. However, when contractors do have a choice they should select equipment in accordance with these recommendations to reduce tip-overs.

Cold weather may cause materials to freeze to the box and stick when dumping. Using heated boxes will reduce the problem. During winter, loads should not be left in dump boxes overnight.


PM Preventative Maintenance is PM Preventative Maintenance is Part of the solution not the Part of the solution not the problemproblem

Maintenance can play an important role in preventing tip-overs. Check tire pressures daily. Tire pressures should be equal on each side of the vehicle.

Examine and lubricate pins and bushings regularly. Inspect suspension systems under load to ensure that they

work properly and provide even suspension. Weak suspension systems should be replaced immediately.

Inspect hoist cylinders regularly. Worn cylinders should not be replaced with smaller cylinders or with cylinders rated at lower operating pressure.

Make sure that repairs to boxes leave bottom and sides clear and unrestricted. Rough patchwork repairs near the top of the box can catch and hold sticky materials.


How did some one load meHow did some one load me

Loading of the box front-to-back must meet allowable gross weight and axle weight limitations set by the Ministry of Transportation. From side to side it is best to load as evenly as possible.

If material is likely to flow poorly, lighten up the load in the top end of the box. A slightly smaller load will be better than a full load that causes a tip-over.

Box liners will help most materials flow better during dumping. Liners also help to keep the box in good condition.


Timing Is Everything…Timing Is Everything…EVERY 12 MINUTESEVERY 12 MINUTES-- someone dies in a motor

vehicle crash

EVERY 10 SECONDSEVERY 10 SECONDS-- a collision-related injury occurs

EVERY 5 SECONDSEVERY 5 SECONDS-- a vehicle collision occurs


Four More Hazards to always askFour More Hazards to always ask

Always where is the power line

Where are all the pedestrians

What machines are near me

What are my blind spots


ElectricalElectricalHazardsHazards


Struck-ByStruck-ByHazardsHazardsWho and Who and what is what is working working close to meclose to me P bar Y Safety Consultants

Alberta Canada

Electrical Harm Electrical Harm Where is the lineWhere is the line

Estimated Effects of AC Currents (U.S. Standard 60 Hz)

1 milliamp (mA)

Barely perceptible

16 mA Maximum current an average man can grasp and “let go”

20 – 30 mA Paralysis of respiratory muscles

100 mA Ventricular fibrillation threshold

2 Amps Cardiac standstill and internal organ damage

15/20/30 Amps

Common U.S. household breakers

PATH: Harm is related to the path by which current passes through the body.


Power Line FactsPower Line Facts

Overhead lines are typically not insulated. Any covering is generally a weather protection, not insulation.

Over 90 percent of the contacts occur on overhead distribution lines

Operators are normally safe if they stay on the equipment

Ground personnel are over 8 times more likely to be killed


Electrical Damage to the BodyElectrical Damage to the Body

If you touch a power line, electricity will attempt to travel through your body

When electricity travels through the body, it heats up and burns body tissue internally

Electricity leaves the body violently, causing burns or even blowing an exit hole


MINIMUM 10' DistanceP bar Y Safety Consultants

Alberta Canada

Bail Out ProceduresBail Out Procedures

If you must get out, jump with your feet together

Do not touch the machineHop or shuffle out of the area


Striking Workers on FootStriking Workers on FootP bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada

Poor Worker PositionPoor Worker Position

This worker is out of the driver’s mirror view


Pinned In/Under EquipmentPinned In/Under Equipment

A truck driver was working between the frame and dump box of a dump truck

The dump box dropped suddenly, crushing his head


Equipment Equipment Does Roll Over!Does Roll Over!


Wear Your Seat Belt!Wear Your Seat Belt!

When there is a roll-over hazard, there must be a seat belt

Always wear the seat belt

Only ride in the seat provided

No riding in buckets, on fenders or on steps


Where are those blind spots who Where are those blind spots who is working with in them WHY!is working with in them WHY!


Backing EquipmentBacking Equipment

Have audible back-up alarms

Have a spotter to direct the operator if visibility is restricted

Keep adequate clearance behind the vehicle

Always pay attention to backing equipment


High Visibility ClothingHigh Visibility Clothing

High visibility clothing refers to reflective garments that workers should wear whenever their work place contains hazards related to low visibility or when they work near vehicles or moving equipment


Caught in Between HazardsCaught in Between HazardsP bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada

Dumping TrucksDumping Trucks

Stay clear of dump trucks while they are dumping

Trucks can become unstable with the boxes raised

Watch for spillage out of the end gates

If an end gate chain breaks, you could be covered in material


All Equipment Dump Truck or no All Equipment Dump Truck or no dump truckdump truck

Do not jump from equipment

Use three point contact at all times

Be sure of your footing

Do not strain your shoulders

Be sure steps are clear of mud and ice


Competent PersonCompetent Person

A competent person is someone who:◦Is capable of identifying existing

and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and

◦Has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them


Where Does It Hurt?Where Does It Hurt?

Workers Compensation BenefitsWorkers Compensation BenefitsVehicle Repair/ReplacementVehicle Repair/ReplacementProperty DamageProperty DamageLiability Claims & SettlementsLiability Claims & Settlements


Your Common ComponentsYour Common Components

Increasing The Space Around Your Vehicle

Increased Visibility

Provide More Time To Prepare or React


Why Focus On Specialized Why Focus On Specialized Equipment?Equipment?

Higher Level of Risk To Operator & Co-Workers

Higher Level of Operator Skill Required for Safe Operation

Equipment Is Expensive To Repair or Replace


Types of Specialized Types of Specialized EquipmentEquipment

Aerial Work Platforms

Bucket Trucks

Forklifts

Backhoe/Loader

Dump Trucks


Dump TrucksDump Trucks

Key Training PointsKey Training PointsPre-Use InspectionMaintenanceStabilityDump Site InspectionLoading (Front To

Back)DumpingAttachments


The Companies Trainer’s The Companies Trainer’s Triangle Triangle

Initial/CertificationInitial/Certification

Ref

resh

er/R

emed

ial

Ref

resh

er/R

emed

ialSkill M

aintenance

Skill Maintenance

INSTRUCTINSTRUCT

OBSERVEOBSERVECOACHCOACH


Safe Work PracticesSafe Work Practices

In construction settings, dump beds shall be fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use.

Warn employees of the hazard of falling dump truck beds.

Detail actions to prevent unintended falling of the dump truck bed.


Avoiding InjuryAvoiding Injury

Back-up alarm should be in proper working condition.

Use a flagperson.Be aware of overhead structures and

power lines.Ensure the bed is suitably supported from

unexpected movement while being serviced.


Training it is not optionalTraining it is not optional

Operators should be trained to recognize areas hazardous to dumping, such as soft or uneven surfaces and inadequately compacted fill.

Before dumping, operators should ensure that the tailgate is unlocked and that the vehicle is on a reasonably level surface. Dumping on surfaces that are not level is one of the main causes of tip-overs.

Before spreading material by dumping it from a moving truck, make sure that the entire length of travel is reasonably level.

Trucks should not dump when they are parked side by side with another vehicle. When a dump unit tips over, it is often the operator in the adjoining vehicle who is injured. Dumping operations should be spread out.

Other personnel such as dozer operators, surveyors, and spotters should be warned not to work near a dumping truck in case it tips over.

Workers on foot should not congregate in areas where dumping is under way.


It not just about a professional It not just about a professional license; it’s about a professional license; it’s about a professional training attitudetraining attitude


Dump truck tip over preventions or

Leadership & Management

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