Due Today: 1. Fundamentals Pre-Lab 2. Fundamentals Short Report Homework: 1. Density Part-1 Pre Lab...
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Transcript of Due Today: 1. Fundamentals Pre-Lab 2. Fundamentals Short Report Homework: 1. Density Part-1 Pre Lab...
Due Today:
1. Fundamentals Pre-Lab2. Fundamentals Short Report
Homework:
1. Density Part-1 Pre Lab
FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT
Refine measurement skills using instruments
Apply rules of significant figures to combine measurements for calculations
OBJECTIVE
Side AMeasure to the nearest 0.1 m
Side BMeasures to the nearest 0.1 dm
Side CMeasures to the nearest 0.1 cm
Side DMeasures to the nearest 0.1 mm
KEY TERMS
Four Stations1. Linear Measurements and Volume:
Cube
Rectangular Cuboid
Cylinder Use calipers to measure the diameter
Units: Volumes will be reported in cm3 or mm3
PROCEDURE NOTES
2. Density of Solids:Cube
Rectangular Cuboid
Units:Volumes will be reported in mm3 or cm3
Densities will be reported in g/mm3 or g/cm3
PROCEDURE NOTES
3. Linear Measurement and Area:Triangle
Rectangle
Parallelogram
Units:Areas will be reported in mm2 or cm2
PROCEDURE NOTES
4. Density of Liquids:Volume with Buret
Volumes reported to the nearest 100th mL (25.35 mL)
Volume with Graduated CylinderVolumes reported to the nearest 10th mL (12.5 mL)
Units:Densities will be reported in g/mL
PROCEDURE NOTES
Blue and Yellow liquid Down the drain
Green liquid Waste container in waste hood
WASTE
Green Solution: Isopropyl Alcohol Danger
Flammable Liquid
Mild Skin Irritation
Harmful if Swallowed
RISK ASSESSMENT
Using Calipers
Make sure the calipers read zero when closed
Use the outside jaws to measure the outer diameter or width
Use the inside jaws to measure the inner diameter
EQUIPMENT NOTES
Read & record the millimeter mark just to the left of the zero on the fixed caliper
EQUIPMENT NOTES
17.0 mm
Read & record the millimeter mark that lines up with the vernier scale (moveable) and the fixed scale.
EQUIPMENT NOTES
0.48 mm
Add the measurements together to get an accurate reading
EQUIPMENT NOTES
17 mm + 0.48 mm = 17.48 mm
ALL non-zero numbers are ALWAYS
significant
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
ALL zeros BETWEEN non-zero numbers
are ALWAYS significant
1005
10.05
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
ALL zeros to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant
501.040 – zero is significant1200 – zeros are NOT significant0.0052 – zeros are NOT significant
(leading zero)
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
ALL zeros to the left of a decimal point AND in a number are ALWAYS significant
1500.0 – zeros ARE significant1700.3 – zeros ARE significant100 – zeros are NOT significant
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Defined quantities do not limit significant figuresUnit conversions - 100 cm/mMolar massDensity
Values of constants do not limit significant figuresPi - ∏Avogadro's number - 6.022 x1023
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Addition and SubtractionThe number of decimal places determines the number of significant figures
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
7.26745.26
.2
2.1
25.23
1
2
4
Multiplication and DivisionCount the number of significant figures. Round your answer to the lowest number of significant figures.
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
30.855
85549533.30
3344.1
123123.23
8 Significant Figures
5 Significant Figures
10 Significant Figures (from calculator)
When doing a calculation with different units, convert to the smallest unitExample:Side 1 : 0.5 dm→50 mmSide 2: 2.4 cm→24 mmSide 3: 24.0mm
CALCULATIONS
0.5 dm
2.4 cm
24.0 mm
Volume of cube
V = l3
Volume of rectangular cuboid
V = l x w x h
Volume of cylinder
V = l x ∏ x r2
Area of a Triangle
A = ½ b x h
CALCULATIONS
Area of a Rectangle/ParallelogramA = l x w
The width of a parallelogram is NOT the other side
CALCULATIONS
w
Vcube = l3
Vrectangle = l x w x h
Vcylinder = l x ∏ x r2
Atriangle = ½ b x h
Arectangle = l x w
D=
SUMMARY OF CALCULATIONS