Population

Net Migration Rate

Immigration rate (people arriving in Canada)Emigration rate (people leaving Canada)

NET MIGRATION RATE

Population Growth Rate

Birth Rate Death Rate Net Migration Rate

POPULATION GROWTH RATE

Doubling Time

Doubling time= time it takes for a population to double

70 % rate of population growth

= number of years for population to double

Demographic Transition Model

• Outlines natural stages of growth and development

• Demographer tool to analyze and understand population numbers and change

Demographic Transition Graph

Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 1- high birth, high death=small growth– High infant mortality– Low life expectancy– Common a few hundred years ago, and in

developing countries today

Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 2- High birth, low death= population explosion– Medical & scientific advances• Vaccines, drinking water, sewage systems• 1800s

Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 3- low death, declining birth– Social programs, industrialization, urbanization=

smaller families

Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 4- low birth, low death=slow population growth– Changing role of women– Family planning programs– Some African countries, birth rates still high– Sub-Saharan Africa- HIV= high death

Lower birth rates

Demographic Transition Model

• Stage 5- birth rate lower than death rate• Future, however some European nations and Japan

starting to enter this stage

Population Pyramids

• Analyze individual region population growth development trends

• Data organized in cohort groups• Another demographer tool• Created by graphing a series of horizontal bar

graph lives at intervals of 5 years• Shape- demographer classifies pyramid into

four major categores

P. Pyramids- Early Expanding

1) EARLY EXPANDING- Wide base= high birth rate- Narrow top= short life expectancy

*few countries today fall in this category

P. Pyramids- Expanding

2) EXPANDING- Wide base= high birth rates- Middle expands= improved medical care,

modern hygiene, improved diet

P. Pyramids- Stable

3) STABLE- Birth rate falls= changing attitude towards

family (Education programs, changing societal attitudes, economic factors)

- Death rate lowered= improved medical care

P. Pyramids- Contracting

4) Contracting- Very low birth rate= women in work force,

child-rearing is expensive, contraception, state encourages small families

- Death rate continues to decrease- Life expectancy increases

P. Pyramids- Early ExpandingNigeria, 2005

Early ExpandingScotland, 1861

P. Pyramids- Early Expanding

P. Pyramids- Expanding

P. Pyramids- Expanding

P. Pyramids- Stable

P. Pyramids- Stable

P. Pyramids- Contracting

BC- 1996

Developing/Developed Regions

Developing regions: historically uneven economic and population growth levels

Early expanding and expanding p.pyramidsDeveloped regions: relatively wealthy and stable

in economic growth Stable & contracting p.pyramids

Dependency

Dependency: measure of the population of people who are too old or too young to work - require governmental support

Dependency ratio:% of young dependents + % of old dependents

divided by the percentage of people aged 15-64

Canada’s Stats

2011- EstimationsPopulation Growth Rate: approximately .8%

Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.7% (male 2,736,737/female 2,602,342) 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 11,776,611/female 11,517,972) 65 years and over: 15.9% (male 2,372,356/female 3,024,571) (2011 est.)

Canadian Stats

Estimated that by 2041- 23% population 65+- Affects government spending (healthcare) &

immigration ratesConclusions: Entering DTM Stage Four,

Stabalizing

P. Pyramids- Stable

So what

Some countries are overpopulated, while others are depopulating. How does this happen?