DTG2A3 Teknik Saluran Transmisi - yuyunsitirohmah's...
Transcript of DTG2A3 Teknik Saluran Transmisi - yuyunsitirohmah's...
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Teknik Saluran
Transmisi
DTG2A3
2. MACAM-MACAM KONDISI SALURAN TRANSMISI
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Where Are We?
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Content
1. Pendahuluan
2. Saluran tanpa rugi – rugi (Lossless /
Lowloss)
3. Saluran Tanpa cacat (Distortionless)
4. Saluran Merugi (Lossy)
5. Saluran-saluran Istimewa
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Pendahuluan
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Loss dalam Saluran Transmisi
In transmission line, the resistance of the conductors is never equal to zero (There are no
perfect conductivity)
Whenever current flows through conductors, some energy is dissipated in the form of heat.
Conductor losses increase with an increase in frequency because of skin effect
Conductor Loss
the portion of the energy of an alternating electrical field in a dielectric medium that is
converted into heat.
Dielectric Loss
Radiation losses occur because some magnetic lines of force about a conductor do not
return to the conductor when the cycle alternates.
These lines of force are projected into space as radiation, and this results in power losses
Radiation Loss
Induction losses occur when the electromagnetic field about a conductor cuts through any
nearby metallic object and a current is induced in that object.
As a result, power is dissipated in the object and is lost.
Leakage loss present in transmission line having dielectric with finite resistivity
Leakage Loss
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• Any signal that carries significant information must has some non-
zero bandwidth. In other words, the signal energy (as well as the
information it carries) is spread across many frequencies
• If the different frequencies that comprise a signal travel at different
velocities, that signal will arrive at the end of a transmission line
distorted. We call this phenomenon signal dispersion.
Distorsi signal dalam saluran transmisi
• dispersion is the phenomenon
in which the phase velocity of a
wave depends on its frequency.
or alternatively when the group
velocity depends on the
frequency
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Saluran lossless dan distortionless
Transmission line
Transmission line
Transmission line
Saluran Lossy dan terdistorsi
Saluran Lossy tapi distortionless
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Saluran Tanpa Rugi-rugi (Lossless/Lowloss)
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9
• Pada saluran ini tidak terjadi redaman daya atau redaman
amplituda ( = 0). Agar tercapai maka :
– R’ dan G’ = 0 (punya konduktor dan dielektrik yang sempurna)
– Saluran dioperasikan pada frekuensi tinggi ( L’>>R dan C’ >>G’
• Sehingga pada saluran lossless berlaku :
''p
0'
'
''
''
0
''
''
''2'
'''
1V
''
12
R
0
))((
))((
CL
CLf
C
L
CjG
LjRZ
CL
jCLj
CLCjLj
CjGLjR
Saluran Lossless
Catatan :
Pada saluran lossless, kecepatan phasa
tidak tergantung dari frequency (frequency
independence), maka pada saluran
lossless juga berlaku distortionless.
Pada kondisi tertentu, yaitu ketika saluran
transmisi sangat panjang maka saluran
lossless bisa bersifat terdistorsi karena
perbedaan kecil kecepatan phasa akan
menimbulkan delay yang besar jika saluran
sangat panjang
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10
• Pada saluran transmisi lossless berlaku :
Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
0 0
0 0
( )
( )
z z
z z
V z V e V e
I z I e I e
zzzz
zz
eV
eV
eIeII(z)
eVeVV(z)
0
-
0
0
000
-
00
jjjj
jj
ZZ
Revisi !!!
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Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
zjZIzV
zjZIzjV
γzZIγzVV
ss
ss
ssz
sincos
sinhcosh
sinhcosh
0
0
0
zjZ
VzI
zjZ
VzjI
γzZ
VγzII
ss
ss
ssz
sincos
sinhcosh
sinhcosh
0
0
0
Persamaan Tegangan
Dan Arus Jika Parameter
Sumber diketahui !
ZL
Zg
Vg
+
Vs
-
Is
+
VL
-
Zo
+j
Z=L
Z
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Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
djZIdV
djZIdjV
γdZIγdVV
LL
LL
LLd
sincos
sinhcosh
sinhcosh
0
0
0
djZ
VdI
djZ
VdjI
γdZ
VγdII
LL
LL
LLd
sincos
sinhcosh
sinhcosh
0
0
0
Persamaan Tegangan
Dan Arus Jika Parameter
Beban diketahui !
ZL
Zg
Vg
+
Vs
-
Is
+
VL
-
Zo
+j
Z=L
d
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13
ljZZ
ljZZZ
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
γlZZ
γlZZZZ
L
L
L
Lin
L
Lin
tan
tan
tanh
tanh
: maka ,0
tanh
tanh
0
00
0
00
0
00
Pada saluran transmisi lossless berlaku :
llj
ljlj
ljlj
coscosh
sinsinh
tantanh
Impedansi Input Saluran Lossless
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• Suatu saluran sepanjang 5 km menghubungkan sentral ke
pelanggan. Diasumsikan saluran bersifat lossless dan mempunyai
impedansi karakteristik = 50 ohm dan konstanta fasa = 5 rad/km.
Tegangan yang dikirimkan oleh sentral (tegangan sumber) = 10 <
00 volt. Dipelanggan terdapat pesawat telepon yang mempunyai
impedansi 50 ohm. Carilah :
– Impedansi input di sisi sentral
– Tegangan dan arus di pesawat telepon pelanggan
Saluran Lossless
Contoh Kasus
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Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
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16
• Dua jenis distorsi pada saluran :
– Distorsi Redaman. Distorsi ini terjadi apabila nilai redaman merupakan
fungsi dari frekuensi
– Distorsi fasa/distorsi kecepatan fasa. Distorsi ini terjadi jika nilai
kecepatan fasa bergantung pada nilai frekuensi
• Supaya saluran terbebas dari distorsi maka :
– Konstanta redaman bukan fungsi frekuensi
– Kecepatan fasa bukan fungsi frekuensi
• Untuk memenuhi syarat distortionless : Oliver Heaviside (1850–
1925) menemukan solusinya pada abad 19!
'
'
'
'
C
G
L
R
Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
Why???
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Konstanta – konstanta pada saluran distortionless :
'
'
'
'
'
''
'
''
''
''
0
''
''''
'
'''
'
'
'
'''
'
'''
'
'
'
'''
'
''
'
''''''
1
dan atau : Maka
atau
G
R
C
L
jC
GC
jL
RL
CjG
LjRZ
CLV
CLCLC
GCL
L
R
jC
GCLj
L
RCL
jC
Gj
L
RCL
jC
GCj
L
RLCjGLjR
p
Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
Frequency Independent
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Dalam kenyataannya saluran transmisi tidak ada yang ideal
memenuhi syarat distortionless line, dan kebanyakan kondisi
adalah :
Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
'
'
'
'
L
R
C
G
Mu metal submarine telegraph cable construction. This was a type
of cable used for long undersea telegraph cables, invented by The
Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company Ltd., London,
in 1923. The copper conductor was wrapped with fine wire made of
Mu metal, a high permeability nickel-iron alloy. It had been found
that the seawater surrounding ordinary cables distorted the signal
carried by them, resulting in very low transmission rates. The Mu
metal wrapping added inductance to the cable, correcting the
distortion and enabling higher data rates.
Bagaimana cara agar
kondisi distortionless
Line/Heaviside
terpenuhi???
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Saluran Merugi (Lossy)
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???
Saluran Lossy
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Latihan soal
1. Suatu saluran transmisi beroperasi pada frekuensi
125 Mhz memiliki impedansi karakteristik 40 Ω,
konstanta redaman 0,02 Np/m, dan konstanta
phasa 0,75 rad/m.
a. Apakah saluran diatas lossless?
b. Apakah saluran diatas distortionless?
c. Hitunglah konstanta primer saluran diatas!
2. A lossless line has a characteristic resistance of 50
Ω . The line length is 1.185 λ . The load impedance
is 110 + j80 Ω . Find the input impedance.
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Saluran-saluran Istimewa
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23
Saluran Istimewa
ZL ,0Z
Suatu saluran transmisi Lossless dengan
panjang L dengan impedansi beban ZL
L
Zin
I(d) IL
+
V(d)
-
+
VL
-
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
L
Lin
tan
tan
0
00
d
2.1 nL
L
L
L
L
L
L
Lin
Z
jZZ
jZZZ
jZZ
jZZZ
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
tan
tan
2
2tan
2
2tan
tan
tan
0
00
0
0
0
0
00
4.1 nL
L
L
L
L
L
L
Lin
Z
Z
jZZ
jZZZ
jZZ
jZZZ
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
2tan
2tan
4
2tan
4
2tan
tan
tan
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Saluran Istimewa
ZL ,0Z
Suatu saluran transmisi Lossless dengan
panjang L dengan impedansi beban ZL
L
Zin
I(d) IL
+
V(d)
-
+
VL
-
LjZZ
LjZZZZ
L
Lin
tan
tan
0
00
d
L.3
L
L
L
L
L
L
Lin
Z
jZZ
jZZZ
LjZZ
LjZZ
Z
LjZZ
LjZZZZ
0tan
0tan
2tan
2tan
tan
tan
0
00
0
0
0
0
00
:arusnyadanteganganNilai
)()0(
2sin
2cos
sincos
0
0
ldVdVsehingga
djZIdV
djZIdVV
LL
LLd
)()0(
2sin
2cos
sincos
0
0
LdIdIsehingga
djZ
VdI
djZ
VdII
LL
LLd
djZIdVV LLd sincos 0
djZ
VdII L
Ld sincos0
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Saluran Istimewa
,0Z
Suatu saluran transmisi Lossless dengan
panjang L dengan impedansi beban ZL
L
Zin
I(d) IL
+
V(d)
-
+
VL
-
d
0.4 LZ
ljZ
Z
ljZZ
ljZ
ljZZ
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
L
Lin
tan
tan
tan0
tan0
tan
tan
0
0
00
0
00
0
00
ZL=0
,0Z
L
Zin
I(d) IL
+
V(d)
-
+
VL
-
d
ZL=∞
LZ.5
lj
Z
ljZ
ljZZ
ljZZ
ljZZZZ
L
Lin
tan
tan
tan
tan
tan
0
0
00
0
00
)()(0 Scinocin ZZZ
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Tugas 4
Find! Z0 , γ , Vp , λ ,α , β
80 + J40 Ω
L
100 Ω
Zg
Vg
)10102cos(10 3 t
ZL KmR /4,10'
KmhenryL /0037,0'KmmicroMhosG /8,0'
KmmFC /00835,0'
1.
2.
80 + J40 Ω
Гin = ….?
VSWR = ….?
100 Ω
Zg
Vg
Volt010
ZL 435000Z
)(08,007,0 perKmJ
Zin = ….?
L = 10Km
3.
d= 0,5 λ
Z(d) = ….?
I(z) = ….?
150 Ω
Z= 1,5 λ
100 Ω
Z0 = 100 Ω
(lossless)
Zg
Vg
Volt010
ZL +
V(z) = ….?
-
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Questions???
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