PHOTOGRAPHY

APERTURE

SPEED ISO

EXPOSURE

What two things do you combine to get the correct exposure?

TIME + AMOUNT OF LIGHT

When making an exposure in the camera it is exactly the same...

SHUTTER SPEED + APERTURE = CORRECT EXPOSURE

Before you choose which combination of aperture and shutter speed to use you must first understand how they both affect how an image looks...

APERTURE

WHAT IS APERTURE?

WHAT IS APERTURE MEASURED IN?

HOW DOES APERTURE WORK WITHIN THE CAMERA USING THE MANUAL SETTING?

WHAT IS THIS? HOW DO YOU USE IT?EXPERIMENT AND TAKE IMAGES USING APERTURE

WITHIN THE METER ON YOUR CAMERA.

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS? EXPERIMENT AND

RECREATE THESE IMAGES

APERTURE is located in the lens, the aperture control is a series of blades which changes the amount of light passing through the lens.

• Ss 1/60 f5.6• Point the camera at somewhere where the light

meter reads 0• Take a photo – this should be well exposed• Change the f stop to let lots of light in – take the

same photo – this should be over exposed• Change the f stop to let little light in – take the

same photo – this should be under exposed

The aperture is measured in ‘f numbers’

The numbers vary from lens to lens but generally range from:

22, 16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4 and 2.8

The higher the number the smaller the aperture opening, i.e.

f22 is the smallest hole, f2.8 the largest

Light MeterThe meter will help you determine the exposure you need. Combining aperture and speed together determines what the exposure will be.

The meter is part of the camera's system.

Move the aperture dial until the red light indicates O on your light meter, this indicates that your exposure is correct

The + symbol indicates over exposed and the - symbol indicates under exposed

Over Exposure

Out of these three images experimenting with aperture

using over exposure to create a mood, which do you

think is aD-CC-BB-A

D-C

C-B

B-A

Under Exposure

Out of these three images experimenting with aperture

using over exposure to create a mood,which do you

think is aC-BB-A

A-A*

C-B

B-A

A-A*

ISO

WHAT IS ISO?

HOW DOES ISO WORK WITHIN THE CAMERA?

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS? EXPERIMENT AND

RECREATE THESE IMAGES

HOW DO YOU CHANGE THE ISO ON YOUR CAMERA?

IN WHAT SITUATION SHOULD YOU CHANGE THE ISO ON YOUR CAMERA

ISO

In traditional (film) photography ISO (or ASA) was the indication of how sensitive a film was to light. It was measured in numbers (you’ve probably seen them on films – 100, 200, 400, 800 etc). The lower the number the lower the sensitivity of the film and the finer the grain in the shots you’re taking.

In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds

100 ISO is generally accepted as ‘normal’ and will give you lovely crisp shots (little noise/grain).

3200 ISO will give you a noisier image showing a lot of grain

Depth of Field

WHAT IS DEPTH OF FIELD?

THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF DEPTH OF FIELD WHAT ARE THEY, WHAT DO THEY MEAN?

HOW DOES DEPTH OF FIELD WORK WITHIN THE CAMERA?

WHAT IS THIS? HOW DO YOU USE IT?EXPERIMENT AND TAKE IMAGES USING BOTH DEPTH

OF FIELD METHODS WITHIN THE METER ON YOUR CAMERA.

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS? EXPERIMENT AND

RECREATE THESE IMAGES

Aperture controls the depth of field...

i.e. the amount of image which is in focus from the foreground to the background

If an image has a large depth of field, the vast majority of the image will be in focus...

To achieve a greater depth of field set your aperture to F64

If an image has a small (or narrow) depth of field, only the small part of the picture that has been focussed upon will be sharply defined, everything else will be blurred...

To achieve a narrow depth of field set your aperture to F2.8

Narrow Depth of Field

Out of these three images experimenting with depth of field using a narrow DOF to

create a mood, which do you think is a

C-BB-A

A-A*

C-B

B-A

A-A*

Greater Depth of Field

Out of these three images experimenting with depth of field using a greater DOF to

create a mood, which do you think is a

D-CC-B

B-A

D-C

C-B

B-A

Shutter Speed

Objectives• (Must) Understand and apply a variety of techniques within shutter speed (D-C)

• (Should) Analyse and refine ideas experimenting with techniques and processes (C-B)

• (Could) Create a personal, informed and meaningful response (B-A)

WHAT IS SHUTTER SPEED?

WHAT IS SPEED MEASURED IN?

HOW DOES SHUTTER SPEED WORK WITHIN THE CAMERA?

WHAT IS THIS? HOW DO YOU USE IT?EXPERIMENT AND TAKE IMAGES USING SHUTTER

SPEED WITHIN THE METER ON YOUR CAMERA.

WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO PHOTOGRAPHS? EXPERIMENT AND

RECREATE THESE IMAGES

Shutter SpeedThe shutter limits how much time light is allowed to enter your camera

The measurement for the shutter is the "shutter speed," which is measured in fractions of a second like 1/30th, 1/60th, 1/125th, 1/250th, 1/500th and so on.

You should have the shutter set to the "same number" as you lens length. For example, if using a 50mm lens, you want a shutter speed of at least 1/60th of a second.

A slow shutter speed will let in a lot of light and also pick up any movement from the camera or subject

A fast shutter speed lets in less light and also freezes any movement from the subject

Long Shutter Speed

Out of these three images experimenting with shutter

speed using a long exposure to create a mood, which do

you think is aC-BB-A

A-A*

C-B

B-A

A-A*

Fast Shutter Speed

Out of these three images experimenting with shutter speed using a fast exposure to create a mood, which do

you think is aD-CC-BB-A

D-C

C-B

B-A