hana rpeha

IIPBE APXABE CPTICKOI HAPOTA

I . IIocraHaK ,r pa3Boj nprux cpncrrx gpxana

Mefy cnoeencxru ueueH Ma Koja cy ce Hacenx[a Ha BanKaHcKo notyocrp-Ro 6unt/t cy n Cp6v.IJap Korrcraurrarr nopQr{poreHnr caon raBa Aa Cp6u Kojtr cyce Hace/I]rrff lra Ban(aHcKoM rronyocrpBy BoAe rropeKno oA Cp6a ca aaneKor ceBepa,ceBepHo 04 ) rap(he. ur npeqera oKo peKe Bnc, ie. Koju Huc) nohpdrreH.a Ia HarxBai)ce,,Eef lu Cp6La : y Bpeve BaanaBu He qapa 14paKnxia (oi 0-641) Cp6Lr, ) ce Hacerlvnr,r

au H a Dc Kor \4 ac u Ba. to?iZ, n --e

o 6aac,y rrpocrPaHrff orrycTe 4M lpeaenrlMa ay4Hepeu,baHaunu naiaHrlo t,.*"hy q",, n.ilfri?. Ja,),,^n a,,a ( v.iiliFiFilrBe r{ [y6poBHraKa), ? aey*aua Qrcue\y ly6poBHr'r(a x 6oKe Koropcxe) v qfKrb6-Ha (r3Meby EoKe KoropcKe ra BojaHe r roApy-te oKo CIAapcKor j$epa). Tep,rroplajaCp6 je o6]3isarafia je nnaHr4HcKe npeAe,re ol(o JInMa, lopbe [pt{Ee (ca c[rBoBt{Ma

LtRe ."1Tape),l46pa'A 3alaAHe MopaBe ((acnftje ce 3a re KpajeBe )'Ilorpe6r,aBa lra-3r.rB Pa Ka), noEpy'{je coxr (oxo Tyare) u Bocny (roA (ojoM ce no[pa3yMeBana ca-no o6racr oxo ropner roxapeKe BocHe).lpaHr{qa xpBarcKe J,r Cp6raje Hana3tr ce HaIlerfiHra r /L{Bnyi Cp6xja ce Ea ceBepy rpaHr4trr ca XpBarcKoM, a Ira jyry ca B}'rap-cKoM. IJap KolIcraI{Tr,rH floMffrI e y oBr.rM o6racrr,rMa ]i rreKotr.IKo HacerbeHlrx rpaao-Ba. Kao ,a Aplre xpajeBe xoje cy Hacenffna cnoBeEcKa rlreMel{a, qap fi{caq oBeo 6 nacrl4 lla3ltBa cK n a a u H u i a M a.

y oBr.rM ,peM,raMa ce y roKxy]]lgl3 jaB,lajy jacEqglg{gsgMggglrr.IIpnpoAHx ycnoBr.r KapaKrep repena Hr,rcy oMoryhxnr{ crBapabe.rBp Iler APxaBl{or jeAr'rHcrBa Meby 6raMa. Ap)GBHe jeAtalrr.rqe y flplrMopjy H cyoncrane,360r Male replfTopnje u uaro6pojEo. craHoBEriurrBa. Cfioj],rne cy ce ca Cp6 joM y ieAHyApxaBHy sajeaHrrly, rc.ia srte 6r.rra .rBpcra, jep cy oBe caq'Bane cBojy rH[trBt4Ayan-Irocr ra cBoje roce6He BnaAape. y lpoqecy ,a3rpabraBarsa Ap]{aBe uaBHy ynory t{rpa-ne cy Cp6xja { ha.H 'aje Paurha I La .4}'L'ba.IoR 3a\t M,6e u Tpas}+tvia uvaiy FopPebeuy ynory, re cy 6unane r ronrrrrlrKt4 norqr4rie]Je Cp6ttjtfiottr Eyx.fi'v v yn sttne fCX'OII T]'IX IID}(aBA.

26 /by6oMqpm pnDlr: [pa6fa L.iropujd cpncKoi nopoga

2. Cpdrria

2.1. ITocwaHaK u pa3BojO roc"aFKy u pa3Bojy IIpBe cprcKe [pxaBe EeMa Mnoro roAaraKa. Hacrana je

I{ec)'I4r6t1Bo rroBe3r{BarneM MHoro6pojHrtr cpncKo. gpxaar,rqa no4 uauhyje4ror nm,Aana.rKor pona- yfneA BnanMaqKor pola l'I r6eroBa BojHa ],r IIo]II,fTI{qKa Moh noeesraea-nra cy Aoce/beHe Cp6e y vrpuhy, 4pxanry sajegHuqy. Ilap KoHcranrr{s HaBoAi4 na cyCp6IaMa BraAanr{ apxoHrr{ I,r3 poAa oHora Kojr{je no6erao qapy tr4parcrnjy. y Cp6 jta ceja3Ha Bnac! rj. ApxaBa Oopmapara (pajeM VIII rr y rrpBoj [onoBxrr4 IX BeKa.

IIpBa cpficr ApxaBa sacrala je noA BpxoBnoM B,rauhy Br,r3aHTraje, anft jeBl4saxrt{ja AoSr{[a cxaxxor cyrapnraxa y 6op6lr 3a flpeBracr rra BanKaHy - B]TapcKy. yrBpDraBaE eM rpaHr.qa r.f3Meby BlrapcKe n Brsaarr.rje, 6yrapcra excnansnja ceoKpeHyna Ka rlenrpanEoM aeny EarKaHcKor fionyocTpBa] r[e cy 6r{n[ Hace/6eF Cp-6r. Y IX *exy cy B1.rapr,r y ABa Ma-{a 6e3ycrerHo roK}uaBar[ na ocBoje Cp6njynoA BoDcmoM KaHa Ilpecrajara (oKo 840. roEJ.rHe) Ja xrreea Bopraca (Mrxajm) (nepoBaTlto oKo 880. roAraHe). flpnnraKoM cxraflarna Mrrpa HaKoH oBor paTa, ctrroBr4cpncKor rGe3a MyrnMr,tpa Ilol

IlpB\ reo: np". g!\aN lyt,Nux CtuiAd 27

tj '

:11

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2.2. IprtasHo u gpyluutseHo ypetelr,e Cp6ujeIlpeo6nruo rneMeHcKo ypebebe cprrcKor ApFxrua nperpEeno je r3MeHe.

Ilaxo ocKyAHr.r, rrisoprr r4[aK jacHo yKa3yjy Ha ro Aa rocrojr.r cnoj yDle[Hrd n yAr,x\'taHa,N,ru3aB c]1'."rx 7b)qff po6o6d. KaoHacneAHrr ynpaBHrrqr.r x)'l1ax npBaqr.txoi{ c jaBr,ajy y3 (He3a, x}'raHrr cy 3aMertr OeyAanHe BnaAajyhe K,race, .rr,ta Mohno.lma eeh aa sero6unHlM noce[]rMa, HacrairlrM y rrpoqecypamana]na KonerrrrB,He caojrHe ceocKr,rx offrrr4Ha r,r nperBaparna cno6ognnx nygu y po6oee. Ilocranunoc/1e HaceTrraBarna crapeume ogpelene repnrop je - rqtue,x.ylla:d cy roKoM VII,! \'III B eKa flocranr,! Hoc'ao{n noKanHe BojHe r'r r{]rBn[He nnacr rl, TaKo rrrryna xyfia-Ha BpeMeHoM npecraje Aa o3EaqaBa po,qoBcKor crapeutrsy x nocraJe Ha3r{B 3an p t / n a I h , 1 . d , u B o r B 1 d q " , y \ e - c . o . a . I l o o e r u B e p o r u B . . e . B t . r c . e 4 J j e H a c t J t J yrr3 BojHnlt(e aprcroKparr,ije. Hecno6oAErf JIyAr poSoaa, nowrlny ce npr,rauxov3aK%ylx4Barna Mr,rpa ca BlraprfMa, (aAa cy cr,lHosl,r KHe:a MyrlrMrrya 6yr.apc(oM ruHy 6opxcy rrBMeDy ocraror roKnoHr4nr r Hecno6ogae ry71e, po5ore.

KoHcraHrrH IopO porer{rfr Ha3r4Ba cprc(e Bobe apxo\mu d (Bnalap Ma),u r o noedoA/ l rLr r l rpd rolr l (her. (D\, lh utr id n tevet . .ot . t dpedy He c.rr .r je io. t a t i tHacnensa, oH Hr'rje Br'rlIIe 6]'Il:) 6ffpaE, Kao lllToje ro 6[no yBpeMe Aoce/lerna x Herrocpel lHo noc re rhera. Ap\or r cy Ha cBo; f loro^aj!o d r , . t ,1 . ac reoyLtM tyteN HJjenHoM Mecry ce HaBoAr'r r{ Aa je apxoEra Hacrrnro Hajcrapi,{jrf, npBopobeHfu cr.tH(Eaqeno npr'lMoreHr'rrype)- ABojr{qy rGexeBa Koje roMJrrne rlap KoHcraHrr{H Hacnel l t i l i l c v . p o i u a \ r H o B a . ) , r e \ a y c e a o h d r y ' e o u c . a , n . u n p y . ) \ B o F d r p , l j d p \ a 1Hr'rx cxBaTar6a, JllMoBr,lHa je jon] y KoneKTr'rBHoj cBojr,rHn, na raKo r4 npecro Hac)Iel)y,jy cRtr cr.rHoB''I. flonrrrqKa Blacr Hr'te jolll l1o6rllna J4cKBf]r,rBo jaBHonpaBHr.fKJpJhreo la Htr e ce opBdjd rd n! ocr olJper6d uMoB,lrro!1. vpiHov.pep+e\4 Be()oBaKro Hac,'lebrBarn ce cpehe 14 y [pyrr4M eBporclc{M,qpxaBaMa (@paHd.rKa). I4aKo' e E r d ! h , e r d 6 a e e h r a r ' e q a a . 4 . ) n a h ! ) , 1 l r a l B e c r a H y r u a j n p . a l , l ^ o t rn o B p l r B a b a \ H e , i .

y Apyroj ronoBi{Hr.r X Bexa, BepoBarHo Beh o(o 868. roAffEe, cy cBe cpncKe3eMJ}e (n3y3eB laraHr4je) rpr'r3Hane cy Brf3aHrrajcKy Bnacr. Br,fsa}rrrajcxrf qap je 3ay iBpa l npr l (Hao cpr c \14 \4 hHeHeB MJ Hdc le l lho tpaBo. TrMe f y B t rDdf a ' KJ lpJBdcpncrlr-{ (He3oBa Ao6r.rna Mel))'}raponuy nerann3aq jy, 517yhlr ga cy 6r,rlra nor*pfeHa oA rlapa PoMeja, I{ojr,r je y xrajepapxrjra xprarxhaucnn era4anaqa r.ruao HajBr4ueMecro. tr4aKo cy cprrcKr.r BnaAaoqfl OaKrr.rl(x r'rManr Beh HajBr ry Bnacr y cpnc(ojApxaBil, oBaj qxH fiprrsHana r{Maoje Benfi('l3Ha.]aj3a pa3Boj cpr]cl

{2a

.rby6oMxp@ (pMlu: IpdBfla ucnopqa cpn$oi flopoga

3aEaAHrM CnoBeHr.rMa, Ho rr nocrre rora cBer rrararrcKtDa BepoBaria t4 Aane je xrr-Beo y Irapo[y. Ii'eroBr4 rparoBr{ 6r4he jorx Aocra A}To )(,.iB]41 Aa 5r{ ce BpeMeHoM 3ao-leHyl14 y xP"4uhaHCKe dopMe.

3. ,4,,Kr,a' 3,1. llocInaHaK qpt$a6e y llK/bu

Teprropr.rja AaI{aIIlI5e IlpHe lope ce Ao Kpaja X BeKa Ha3nBana caMo ,4J,,K/ba(. [rroKnuia. nxokn r, l rhir t . r{MeHoM hoie notuqe o, p,4\4cKot Hace/banorleja. r \ojeceEana3r4no 6nr.$y Aarrallrll e flomopt4qe. OA XI BeKa ce jaBTba r{Me 3eTa, no peqr{ 3e-rn, necHoj flprrro4n Mopaqe. KoHCTaETJ4H flopor{poreri]4T craEoBHlKe IyK/6e Ha-sVBa aepuToplianBtrM l4MeHoM AyKX,anr4, anr{ rfx Btf3aHTl4jcfi{ m{cq]4 j43 xlf xIIBeKa Ha3r{Bajy A}.K/baHnMa h Cp6t\M . L4Majyhv y Br.rAy Aa cy cBe oKorr{e 3eMjbe Ira-ce]I] ,ra cprlcKa rureMeEa ,4 [a je aoce/6er{o cTanoBHnrrrTBo ao6r{no r{Mer{a }alpaBorrpeMa o6nacTr4Ma rAe ce Hace,rr{no (3aryM/bas[, TpaB),1naH],l, HepeT/6a1tr), Kao trrcclrffjr4M r{3Bopr{Ma Kojr4 o craHoBHfidrBy IFobe roBope He{BocMr4cnerro Kao oCp6r,rva, voxe ce noyeAaHo rBpAr,rrr4 [a cy I,1 ,4),xrby sace.[]4na cprrcKa nreMeHa.

Ao Kpaja X BeKa fioMrarbe ce carro xxeg flerap, a BI4 e noAaraKa rrpyxajy r43-Bopu o! BpeMeHa hHera B,ragrlv l lpa fxpai \ la noqetaA XIBexa). UoAdu o xHeJyB,1aqx,,aup) BeraHr.a cy ra CaiD'ynoBo oc Baja tbe ,[l].K,6e. BepoBar Ho oko 999. I oAL"He.flocre nopasa n oapo6naBaBa,. a fiourro je [ocrao CaM]'r.rnoB 3er, Kse3 BraAr4Mrrpje BpaheH Ha Bnacr y 3err,r, HaKoE Cavp,rnoBe cMI,Tr{ 1014, .onl,IHe, Kao )qrBa 6op6rr oKo rpecrona, crpaAao je x KHe3 BnaArrM,rp, 1016. .oAr.rHe.

Br.$aHTr,rjcl(a Blacr xoja je BaclocraB7beHa flocne CaMyrfnoBe cMprr{ lrlje ny-ro rpajara. flocle cMprr.r qapa Baci4nr4ja II MaKeAoHcKor 1025. roAr,rHe Moh Brl3aHT/je olaAa y fiojenr.rHr{M flepra+epn],rM o6nacrr,rMa noqmny ycTallqr4, rra raKo r4 y3e ru !9ifug4rr]e. noq gohc rqov xxera Bojucr:Ba. flocne Helcnexa B14 raHrxlch,al'noxolanporf iBtrojucnaBa.oHrenoacBojo\4Bnauh)) jeauHyon',( , .by.rpJByHxj ly3axl'MEe, TaKo ce rIeHTap cprrcKe ApxaBHocTt4 rrpeMecrr4o r43 l,tryrpauniocTrf ynpraMopje, y I)'KDy. BojrrcrraBrbeB HacneAHrrx, Kne3 Mxxajno (1050 lOB2) je 6vo yAo6p[M oAHocr,rMa ca Br4afiTr{joM.

UpKBeHra pacqe[ 1054. roAr,rEe ]rMao je cHax aa yru4aj v ua pany cyA6tayApxaBe, Kojaje 6i4ra Ha pa3MeD yrffrlaja ,lI npereH3r.rja PuMa 14I]apr4rpaAa. Hacrojehff Aa craBr,r flon cBoj yr qaj Ilrro rehr 6poj 6an(arrcKrdr 3eMarba r]r raxo oclra6lryturyB uaPr4rpaAcxor narpLaiapxa. nana lpr}? VII je IQ77. rpgulls nqc43o hHery

-, t fuo{airy Kpa.beBcKe rHaKe. I lo r . lAauJ}lra;c;r ' n*r"r f f i "u-Br4crrocrr4 ApxaBe 14 rbeEo Mebl'Haponllo Ilpr,r3r]ar6e Kao r{ oAroBapajyhe BrraAarraq-Ko AoclojaHcrBo Mouo ce Ao6rrrt caMo oA Br{3asr/jcKor qapa xnrr [ane, Kojr cynpefeHAoBMM Ha BpxoBHy enacr y xpnruhaxcr.ov cBery, npusdratbe rUT)ae ,a

iiqr furEEETdyctED

r'l.4lEcl

trF(e4eEyrbx ocrl

Ucqpm4lnbaHuHa(E.ft'rore seoua