DS10 Portfolio

DS10 S c o t t L e w i sD e s i g n P o r t f o l i o

D S 1 0 W e W a n t T o L e a r n . n e t

I n s p i r a t i o n f r o m N a t u r e

F r e i O t t o I n p s i r e d B y N a t u r e

B r a n c h e d C o n s t r u c t i o n

Three-dimensional supporting systems based upon principles found in nature. Increasingly constructed from steel, wood and concrete to build lighter structures than previsouly possible by utilising strucutral systems found in the natural world.

A n i m a l T e c h n o l o g i e s

Analysis of structural concepts used throughout the animal kingdom. ‘Animal made’ structures such as spiders webs, bee hives and birds nests utilise forms and construction techniques that are genetically anchored in their eco-systems.

S e l f - F o r m a t i o n

Formation of natural structures in the landscape: mountain ranges, arches, caves, canyons etc. These structures are often some of the largest and most inspiring found in the natural world.

“The altered environmental conditions of today can no longer be mastered with the architectural resources of the past The relationship between biology and building is now in need of clarifi cation due to real and practical exigencies”

Inspiration for the Munich Olympic Stadium, constructed in 1972 came from the Swiss Alps mountain range. Concieved by Otto in collaboration with Gunther Behnish to portray Germany in a new light. They conceptualized a tensile structure that would sweep and fl ow coninuousouly over the Olympic Park, imitating the draping and rhythemic formation of the Swiss Alps. The resulting structure was a cloud-like structure fl oating across the site as a continuous tensile plane.

D y m a x i o n H o u s eA d a p t a b l e A r c h i t e c t u r e


V e r n a c u l a r F o r m s

B u c k m i n s t e r F u l l e rM o r e w i t h L e s s

“For the fi rst time in history it is now possible to take care of everybody at a higher standard of living than any have ever known. Only ten years ago the ‘more with less’ technology reached the point where this could be done. All humanity now has the option to become enduringly successful.”

The light-weight forms of Fullers designs created a new kind of adaptable and moveable architecture. Strong and light-weight shelters could easily be transported by helicopter. This new breed of shelter provided housing for african families and military shelters.

A n t i c i p a t o r y D e s i g n S c i e n c e

Buckminster Fuller predicted that through technological advances allowing for ‘More’ to be acheived with ‘Less’ that a higher standard of living would be possible for all. He hoped his goal of Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Sciene would solve humanitys major problems through high-tech solutions. Providing more life support with less resources.

The house’s were factory manufactured kits, designed to be assembled on site. The precision of factory manufacture allowed for ease of shipment and assembly, making the design suitable for assembly on any site / enviroment. Aluminium was a logical choice for material as it provided the opportunity to make use of the excess capacity in the aerospace industry after WW2.

The form for Fullers Dymaxion house can be seen in vernacular structures around the world. From Top Left Clockwise: Yurts in Mongolia, Cempa Stil Houses in Indonesia, Inuit Iglos in the Arctic and Wichiate Grass Houses in North America. Unlike the Dymaxion these house you materials from nearby resources with a low embodied energy.

Pine cone from Hampstead Heath in ‘open position’ to allow dispersal of seeds into the atmosphere. The open position of the pine cones on the park ground indicate dry ground.

M o i s t u r e S e n s i t i v i t yP i n e C o n e A d a p t i o n s

C o n e P o s t - M o i s t u r e

The water droplets activate sensing and actuating elements of the pine cone, closing the cone to the elements, ensuring seed wastage is minimised. The process from fully open to fully closed took a process of approximately 90 minutes.

D r o p l e t s A p p l i e d

Droplets of water applied to the outer surface of the pine cone to replicated moisture in the air or rainfall.

C o n e P r e - M o i s t u r e


Experiment to replicate how pine cones react to moisture in the atmosphere to adapt their form for seed dispersal and rentention.

Pine cone on the ground at Hampstead Heath, the open position of the cone indicates that the ground is dry.

M o i s t u r e I n d i c a t o r

W a r p e d E x p e r i m e n tU n i v e r s i t y o f B u f f a l o

U n - F i l l e t e d S u r f a c eR i b S t r u c t u r e


3 D T i m b e r C e l l

The research at the University of Buffalo has focused attention on a single material property - elasticity. This experiment looked at the elastic potential of wood grain responding to moisture. Small expansions of the wood grain are multipled to mutate large architectural surfaces. The plywood cells act as both sensing and actuating agents.

A fully connected screen utilising the same plywood cells will transform from fl at to twisted in response to moisture.

Mechcanically connected wood ply, arranged with grains running in different directions transforms wood expansion into kinetic movement. The expansion of the individual plywood cells as a result of moisture in the air allows the screen to go from closed to open.

The Centre for Architecture and Situated Technologies at the University of Buffalo is currently researching responsive materials, developing direct correlations between material properties and sensing and actuating capabilites for a responsive architecture.

F i l l e t e d S u r f a c e

R e s p o n s i v e M a t e r i a l sP l y w o o d C e l l s

C o n n e c t e d S u r f a c eC e l l V a r i a t i o n s


Experiment with two types of plywood cells, straight grain and diagonal grains. The cell were arranged in series to multiply small expansions in the wood into larger movements.

Plywood cells formed from 0.4mm plywood sheets, with pre-cut holes for fastening cells together. Two cells types both 35mm x 35mm 1) Horizontal grain 2) Grain at 45o

Cells connected togther to multiply small expansion in the wood grain. Grains running in different directions should ensure kinetic movement as the wood transforms with moisture.

Cell structure hung over a boiling pan of water to generate steam to see if the strucure reacts to a change in humidity. Slight warping in both directions visible however not as signifi cant kinetic movement achieved as predicted. The movements above also occured over a period of to 3 to 4 hours.

U n - f i l l i t e d S u r f a c e C e l l L a y o u t


R e s p o n s i v e T i m b e rS h o r t G r a i n C e l l

T i m e - L a p s e F o r m a t i o nC e l l P o s t - M o i s t u r eC e l l P r e - M o i s t u r e

Effects of moisture on a birch veener timber cell, the timber acts as a sensory and an actuating system transforming with moisture. The timber cells in this experiment have been cut with the grain short along the length of the cell.

R e s p o n s i v e T i m b e rL o n g G r a i n C e l l



Effects of moisture on a birch veener timber cell, the timber acts as a sensory and an actuating system transforming with moisture. The timber cells in this experiment have been cut with the grain long along the length of the cell.


R e s p o n s i v e T i m b e rC r o s s G r a i n C e l l


Effects of moisture on a birch veener timber cell, the timber acts as a sensory and an actuating system transforming with moisture. The timber cells in this experiment have been cut with the grain diagonally along the length of the cell.

P h a s e C h a n g e M a t e r i a l sC r y s t a l i n e W a x

S e m i - T r a n s p a r e n tF u l l y - T r a n s p a r e n t


Acrylic microcapsules fi lled with a parafi n wax, allowing absorbtion of heat from buildings in summer months.

Investigation into the thermal, expansion and translucent properties of wax, wax is a substance known to substantially alter within a small temperature range due to its low melting point. Wax is a crystalline structure and when heated the cystals separate, increasing the volume and transparency of the substance.

F u l l y - O p a q u e M e l t i n g D r y w a l l s

Wax in liquid form with the cystals separated, resulting in a transparent liquid.

The liquid begins the process of solidifying with the cystals compacting, a semi-translucent liquid is apparent.

Phase change complete and the wax is now solid, resulting in an opqaue substance as the crystals are tightly compacted.

R e s p o n s i v e M a t e r i a l sWax Coo l i n g Fo rma t i on s

F r e e z e r C o o l i n gW a t e r C o o l i n gA m b i e n t C o o l i n g


Wax expands upon heating due to its crystal structure which is tightly packed when in its solid form, accelerating the phase change from liquid to solid results in different cystalline formations. In this experiment the wax was heated to its liquid form and then allowed to cool via various methods, the resulting formation was then cast in plaster.

C u r v a t u r e

Key

Ambient CoolingWater CoolingFreezing

Bike Arch by Mark Grieve and Ilana Spector formed the entrance to Centre Camp at Black Rock City in 2007. In this central area of the city bikes form the main mode of transportation. Constructed from 240 recycled bikes the structure features kinetic elements that spin in the wind.

C y c l i n g C u l t u r eB l a c k R o c k C i t y

E x p r e s s i o n

Inividuality and creativity are expressed through the adapting of bikes into pedal-powered vehicles vaguely resembling a bicyle. There are fi sh, giraffes, camels, carriages and tall bikes prevelent throughout Black Rock City. Along with pedal-powered kinetic sculptures accompanied with plumes of fi re and smoke.

Y e l l o w B i k e s

The 1000 Yellow Bikes for community use are availible for the duration of the festival as a result of an anomymous benefactor. The fl eet bikes are made availble for one-time and one-way use throughout Black Rock City. Depsite the name Yellow Bikes they have ironically been painted green and can be found spread throughout Black Rock City. The sucess of the system relies on users ahering to the code for Community Bike Use.

B i k e A r c h


Black Rock City, more than any other urban area, has been given over completely to bicycles, making it the highest bikes-per-capita metropolis anywhere on the planet. The playa is the perfect place to ride, fl at and expansive. The prohibition on driving anything but art cars beyond the Esplanade makes Burning Man an enormous week-long ciclovía.

Ciclovia, Spanish for Bike Path is the term used for permanet bike only routes or more commonly used to refer to car-free events for recreation and socialising. Burning Man is a week long Ciclovia with travel by car forbidden for the duration of the festival.

C i c o l v i a

W a t e r D i s p o s a lB l a c k R o c k C i t y

C o l l e c t i o n T a n k sE v a p o r a t i o n P o n d s


S c a t t e r i n g

Method of disposing un-wanted greywater through evaporation into the atmosphere. Simple constructions using plastic sheeting to form a shallow pool can be effective providing they are water tight to avoid polluiting la playa. A 10 ft x 10 ft evaportation pond will dispose of 15 gallons of greywater per day.

Central grey water collection point for large camps which is collected at the end of the festival by a contractor.

Collection of grey water for dispoal at RV dump stations upon leaving the festival, usually collected in large water containers.

The Leave No Trace policy of Burning Man means that water cannot be dispersed on the Playa to avoid contamination of the land and to avoid the site becoming muddy during the duration of the festival.

D i s p o s a l S t a t i o n s

Water Scattering through a watering can is deemed acceptable for very small camps of upto 5 people. It is expect that the water is fi rstly fi ltered through a sieve. Dispersing of water onto the street has the added benefi t of keeping the dust down on the pathways.

Secure Bike storage in Black Rock City is a priority with the rise in numbers cycling theft of bikes becoming rift. Additionally leaving bikes on the ground is becoming a safety hazard for pedestrians and in obstructing emergency vehicles.

C y c l i n g P a v i l l i o nB l a c k R o c k C i t y

S o c i a l i s i n g

Cycling is a recreational and a social event at Black Rock City. A place for the organising of bike tours, exhibiting bikes and relaxing with other cyclists should be formed.

M a i n t a i n a n c e

With 1000 bikes in the Yellow Bike scheme plus the thousands brought to the festival each year by individuals the need for bike maintaince is important. The harsh desert climate and terrain is damaging to cycles with little options availible for cleaning corrosive salt.

C y c l e S t o r e


Central hub with assoicated cycle storge, maintainace space and socialising area for use by the Yellow Bike Rental scheme and Individuals. Smaller deployable elements could be located around the city to provide additional storage facilities.

Strategically located around Black Rock City to provide ease of access to all Burners. Use of structure of act as a beacon/oritentation device along avenues and streets.

O r i e n t a t i o n

B u r n i n g M a nE v o l u t i o n

U r b a n M e t r o p o l i sB a k e r B e a c h


Baker Beach in San Francisco was the setting for the Burning Man Festival in its early years before moving to the Black Rock Desert due to popularity and political factors. In 1986 Larry Harvey concieved the idea for the festival with the burning of an 8 ft man effi gy. The fi rst years attendance was only 20, with the fi gure doubling upon lighting of the 8ft man.

Festival moved to the Nevada Desert forming the settlement of Black Rock City. The fi rst desert festival attracting 250 people, rising to 50,000 today. The harsh climate and terrain provided a different challenge to that of Baker Beach, the festival historic home.

The festivals routes are deeply embodied in the cultre of San Franciso with its origins on Baker Beach in 1986, today Black Rock City forms the festivals home in the Nevada Desert. The popularity of the festival has risen from 20 to 50,000 with the need for the festival settlement to adapt to meet these needs.

B l a c k R o c k C i t y

Application of water starts the formation process, the strategic points and cuts in the sheet defi ne the form that will follow. The series of 5 ribs start to arch upwards whilst the series of 4 plates arch downwards as restricted by the bots.

D e p l o y a b l e C y c l e R a c kT i m b e r C e l l

M o v e m e n t F o r c e sP h a s e 3 . 0

Formation complete, the fi xed points create an equilibrium in the forces preventing the cell from wrapping fully.

P h a s e 2 . 0


Prototype for a deployable cycle rack formed from a single sheet of timber that self-forms with the application of moisture.

Timber cell in fl at form and dry. Centre points are fi xed to prohibited movment at these strategic locations. In this prototype the points are fi xed with a nut and bolt to a base board. At Black Rock City it is imagined the points are fi xed to the Playa ground through pegs.

P h a s e 1 . 0

R e s p o n s i v e T i m b e rM u l t i p l e P a n e l C e l l

D e s e r t P a v i l i o n



T i m e - L a p s e F o r m a t i o n


T i m e - L a p s e F o r m a t i o n



D e s e r t P a v i l i o n

R e s p o n s i v e T i m b e rE v a p o r a t i o n P o n d

S t a g e o f O p e n i n g


F u l l y O p e n


P r o c e s s o f A s s e m b l e y


F u l l y A s s e m b l e d



D e s e r t P a v i l i o nC o n s t r u c t i o n S e q u e n c e

S t e p 1 . 0



S t e p 2 . 0 S t e p 3 . 0

Panels measuring 1800 x 1800 arrive at Black Rock City in fl at pack form in a lorry. The pre-drilled panels can easily be handled by two people.

Panels assembled by bolts into pre-drilled holes to form the shell of the pavillion. Each cell panel is clearly marked and attached to its matching member as set out on the plan.

All panels successfully joined to create the pavillions base shell on the ground of the playa.

S t e p 4 . 0



S t e p 5 . 0 S t e p 6 . 0

D e s e r t P a v i l i o nC o n s t r u c t i o n S e q u e n c e

ReBars and guide ropes setup as per plans and ropes attached to pre-drilled guide holes.

Collected greywater applied to the veneer surface and the timber starts to response and assemle itself. The guide ropes constain the responsive position to an arch form.

Once suffi cient response to the water has made the guide ropes tought then ReBar pegs are added to the base to pin the pavillion in place.

R e s p o n s i v e P a v i l i o nS e l f A s s e m b l e d





S t a g e o f O p e n i n g F u l l y O p e nS t a g e o f O p e n i n g F u l l y O p e n

S e l f A s s e m b l y F u r t h e r E x p e r i m e n t s

S t a g e o f O p e n i n g


F u l l y O p e n



S e l f A s s e m b l y I n i t i a l E x p e r i m e n t s

C o n i n t o u s C e l l s



S u b - d i v i d e d C e l l s



C o n i n t o u s C e l l s - O n e P o i n t


F i e l d E x p e r i m e n t sH o r i z o n t a l C e l l

S e q u e n c e


F i e l d O v e r v i e w




F i e l d E x p e r i m e n t sD i a g o n a l C e l l

S e q u e n c e F i e l d O v e r v i e w

R e s p o n s i v i t yT i m b e r M a t e r i a l s

M e t h o d o f I n q u i r y

E x p e c t e d O u t c o m e

Transformation of a Weather Stick over a series of time that responds directly to the relative humidity of the air. A traditional techinque of weather prediction by Native Americans. The birch rod will twist upwards in areas of low-humidity and downwards in an enviroment of high-humidity.

Expermiments into the responsitivty of timber materials to moisture and its ability to swell or shrink with the presense or absense of moisture. I will experiemnt with Birch veneer woods and attemp to develop a construction system allowing for responsivity to moisture in a changing enviroment.

Develop a better understanding of the material transformation of timber veneer to the presence / absence of water. Culminating in the development of a construction system that can be employed in the design process.

R e s p o n s i v i t y

As a designer I need to acknowledge and take into account continually evolving relationships between all things when working with materials. With regards to material responsiveness, sensitivity is an over riding factor. When responding to a stimuli then it much fi rst be sensed and therefore affected by it. This interatcion and process of adaption is apparent in nature and natural selection. In this circumstance wood is an

2.1

T i m b e r V e n e e rD e s i g n D e v e l o p m e n t

P o w e r P l a y C h a i rE a m e s L e g S p l i n t A a l t o C h a i rV e n e e r s & P l y w o o d s

Through there knowledge of plywood for furniture, Charles and Ray Eameses developed a leg splint for the U.S military in WWII. This was a result of their understanding of the relationship between wood and moisture, devloping a wood moulding technique that fi xes the wood form.

Created by Frank Gehry, this chair demonstrates that a thin material such as a timber maple veneer can become structural through repetitive application. Opening up an alternative perspective on materials as a think line between materiality, structure, lightness and strength.

Alvar Aalto developed furniture design inspire by a design philosophy infl uence by nature and organic materials, rejecting man-made materials such as steel. Aalto developed furnitiure using laminated birch for its fl exibility and organic qualities.

2.2

Through there knowledge of plywood for furniture, Charles and Ray Eameses developed a leg splint for the U.S military in WWII. This was a result of their understanding of the relationship between wood and moisture, devloping a wood moulding technique that fi xes the wood form.

V e n e e r & P l y w o o dP r o d u c t i o n


Illustration - section showing how a veneer sheet is produced from a tree trunk.

P l y w o o d

Plywood is a manufactured timber, engineered as a solution to the undesired effects that moisture has on the grain of timber.

Consisting of thin sheets of wood veneer laminated in the cross-grain to create resistance to swelling and shrinking. Making a

timber material less suseptable to cracking, twisting and warping than traditional wood.The layers of veneer within the plywood

sheet and uniformly glueing between plys fi xes the timber in a stable state, with the cross-graining ensureing that one grain cancels

out anthoers expansion due to moisture.

2.3V e n e e r

Thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3mm which are commonly glued to panels to create timber effect panels for furniture,

fl ooring and doors etc. Three of more layers of veneer can be glued together to create Plywood. Veneer sheets are obtained

either through slicing large rectangular timber blocks or through peeling. The appearance of the grain is derived from the slicing

through the growth rings of a tree.

Illustration - cross graining of veneers to create plywood

1.

2.

3.

1. Vertical Grain

2. Horizonal Grain

3. Vertical Grain

A l t e r n a t i v e P l y w o o dM a t e r i a l A n a l y s i s


Illustration - section showing how a veneer sheet is produced from a tree trunk.

A l t e r n a t i v e P l y w o o d

Alternative method of plywood construction to allow the wood to perform as opposed to avoiding The model re-thinks plywood making technologies so that the wood is allowed to perform. It begins to propose a new, dynamic version of sheet plywood as opposed to normal plywood. This is made possible by way of a selective gluing process and directional plywood (bendable) making principles. The glue locations in this example are shown by the laser etched squares at the corner of each tile.

2.4T r a d i t i o n a l P l y w o o d

Thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3mm which are commonly glued to panels to create timber effect panels for furniture, fl ooring and doors etc. Three of more layers of veneer can be glued together to create Plywood. Veneer sheets are obtained either through slicing large rectangular timber blocks or through peeling. The appearance of the grain is derived from the slicing through the growth rings of a tree.

Illustration - cross graining of veneers to create plywood


2.4

2 . T h e T e m p l e

1 . T h e M a n

3 . T h e m e C a m p s

B l a c k R o c k C i t yU r b a n R e a l m

4

25

1

3

A camp consisting of a collective

of people representing themselves

under a single identity. Located

along the inner streets of Black

Rock City, providing entertainment

or services to fellow Burners.

65 . A r t P a v i l i o n s

4 . C e n t r e C a m p

6 . P e r i m e t e r

The cities central meeting place,

containing the Center Camp Cafe

and Camp Arcitca. Located at the

mid point of the esplande facing

the Man.

The temporary fence marks the

perimeter of Black Rock City.

Defi ning the cities outer limits and

preventing objects being blown

onto the Playa.

A place of spiritual contemplation

that is burnt on the last day of the

Festival. Orginally designed by the

artist David Best, now an annual

competition is held to design the

temple.

The effi gy that is burnt as a symbol

of radical self-expression. The size

of the man continues to grow year

by year. At the 2011 fesitval it

stood 32m from the ground.

Series of Art Installations spread

across the playa. Developed by

indivudal arts and groups. The

Burning Man Festival provides

funding towards a small number of

installations.


2.4

2 . T h e T e m p l e

1 . T h e M a n

3 . T h e m e C a m p s

B l a c k R o c k C i t yU r b a n R e a l m

A camp consisting of a collective

of people representing themselves

under a single identity. Located

along the inner streets of Black

Rock City, providing entertainment

or services to fellow Burners.

A place of spiritual contemplation

that is burnt on the last day of the

Festival. Orginally designed by the

artist David Best, now an annual

competition is held to design the

temple.

The effi gy that is burnt as a symbol

of radical self-expression. The size

of the man continues to grow year

by year. At the 2011 fesitval it

stood 32m from the ground.


2.4 B l a c k R o c k C i t yU r b a n R e a l m

U n - l o a d i n g S t e p 2 . 0 F i e l d C o n f i g u r a t i o n

Panels measuring 1200 x 1200 arrive at Black Rock City in fl at pack form in a lorry. The pre-drilled panels can easily be handled by two people.

Panels assembled by bolts into pre-drilled holes to form the shell of the pavillion. Each cell panel is clearly marked and attached to its matching member as set out on the plan.

All panels successfully joined to create the pavillions base shell on the ground of the playa.


T h e E v e n t S t r u c t u r e R i s e s F u l l y R i s e n

Ply structure beings to warp with the water, with the structure starting to rise from the Playa fl oor.

Structure fully assembled and held in place with ReBars to protect the structure from the high winds that blow across the playa.

Event held to apply collected greywater to the veneer surface and the timber starts to response and assemle itself.


DS10 Portfolio

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